Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Iztok-Zapad
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Balkans - the tough road to united Europe |
| Beschreibung: | 265 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789543214723 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806960692350156800 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДГОВОР
.9
ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ
.13
I.
ПРОМЕНЯЩИЯТ СЕ ОБЛИК НА БАЛКАНИТЕ
.17
1.
ЮИЕ В НАЧАЛОТО НА
XXI
ВЕК:
УСПЕШНО ПЪРВО ДЕСЕТИЛЕТИЕ
.17
2.
БАЛКАНИТЕ КАТО ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЕН ЦЕНТЪР:
НАЧАЛО НА ПАНЕВРОПЕЙСКИ ПРОЕКТИ
.27
3.
РЕГИОНАЛНОТО ИКОНОМИЧЕСКО СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО:
ДИНАМИЧНО РАЗВИТИЕ, НО ВСЕ ОЩЕ СЛАБ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ
.38
4.
ПРИНЦИПЪТ НА РЕГИОНАЛНАТА ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТ В
МНОГОСТРАННОТО СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО
.42
II.
БАЛКАНИТЕ В ОБЩАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕС
ВЪВ ВЪНШНИТЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ И СИГУРНОСТТА
.51
1.
РОЯМОНСКАТА ИНИЦИАТИВА НА ЕС:
АМБИЦИОЗНИ ЦЕЛИ, СКРОМНИ РЕЗУЛТАТИ
.51
2.
ПРИНОСЪТ НА ПАКТА ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ ЗА ЮИЕ
В ПОДПОМАГАНЕ ВЪЗСТАНОВЯВАНЕТО
И РЕФОРМИТЕ НА БАЛКАНИТЕ
.57
3.
ПРЕВРЪЩАНЕТО НА ЕС В ОСНОВЕН МЕЖДУНАРОДЕН
ГАРАНТ ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТТА В ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
.68
4.
ЕС И СТАТУТЪТ НА КОСОВО:
ТРУДЕН ТЕСТ ЗА ЕДИНСТВОТО
И ОБЩАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА СТРАНИТЕ ЧЛЕНКИ
.78
III.
РАЗШИРЯВАНЕТО НА ЕС КЪМ ЮИЕ
.97
1.
ДИФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯТА НА БАЛКАНСКИТЕ СТРАНИ
В ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА: ЗАЩО БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ
СТАНАХА РЕГИОНАЛНИ ЛИДЕРИ?
.97
6
В. Цачевски
*
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
2.
ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ:
ОТ АСОЦИИРАНЕТО ДО ПРИСЪЕДИНЯВАНЕТО КЪМ ЕС
.103
3.
МАЛКИТЕ СТРАНИ ОТ ЕС И ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА
НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ:
С
ПРИЗНАТЕЛНОСТ
КЪМ ФИНЛАНДИЯ И ЕСТОНИЯ
.107
4.
ИЗГОДНИ ЛИ СА УСЛОВИЯТА ЗА ЧЛЕНСТВО
НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ В ЕС?
.114
5.
НАЧАЛОТО НА УЧАСТИЕТО НА БЪЛГАРИЯ В ЕС:
АДАПТИРАНЕТО ЩЕ БЪДЕ ПРОДЪЛЖИТЕЛНО
.139
IV.
ЕВРОПЕЙСКАТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА
НА ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
.155
1.
ОТ СТАБИЛИЗИРАНЕ
КЪМ ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НА РЕГИОНА
.155
2.
ПЕРИОДЪТ ОТ НАЧАЛОТО НА СЕГАШНОТО
ДЕСЕТИЛЕТИЕ: ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА НАБИРА СКОРОСТ
.175
3.
ТУРЦИЯ И ЕС: ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ
ИЛИ ПРИВИЛЕГИРОВАНО ПАРТНЬОРСТВО?
.208
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
.223
ХРОНОЛОГИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
.227
СЪКРАЩЕНИЯ
.231
ИЗПОЛЗВАНИ ИЗТОЧНИЦИ
.235
РЕЗЮМЕ
.245
SUMMARY
.251
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA
FOR THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA
.259
ЗА АВТОРА.
266
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
.267
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
.9
INTRODUCTION
.13
I. THE CHANGING IMAGE OF THE BALKANS
.17
1.
SEE AT THE START OF XXIst CENTURY:
THE SUCCESSFUL FIRST DECADE
.17
2.
THE BALKANS AS AN INFRASTRUCTURE HUB:
THE LAUNCH OF PAN-EUROPEAN PROJECTS
.27
3.
THE REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: DYNAMIC
DEVELOPMENT, YET WEAK POTENTIAL
.38
4.
THE PRINCIPLE OF REGIONAL
OWNERSHIP IN MULTILATERAL COOPERATION
.42
II. THE BALKANS IN THE EU'S COMMON
FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY
.51
1.
EU'S ROYAUMONT INITIATIVE: AMBITIOUS
GOALS AND MODEST RESULTS
.51
2.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE STABILITY PACT FOR SEE TO
FOSTERING THE RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORMS IN THE
BALKANS
.57
3.
THE ROLE OF THE
EU AS A
MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SAFE¬
GUARD OF THE STABILITY IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
.68
4.
THE
EU
AND KOSOVO STATUS: A HARD TEST OF THE MEMBER
STATES' UNITY AND COMMON POLICY
.78
III.
EU
ENLARGEMENT TOWARDS SEE
.97
8
В. Цачевски
·
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
1. DIFFERENTIATION
OF THE BALKAN STATES IN THE EUROPEAN
INTEGRATION: WHY HAVE BULGARIA AND ROMANIA BECOME
REGIONAL LEADERS?
.97
2.
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF BULGARIA AND ROMANIA:
FROM ASSOCIATION TO MEMBERSHIP
.103
3.
THE SMALL
EU
MEMBER STATES AND THEIR SUPPORT FOR
BULGARIA'S INTEGRATION: DUE APPRECIATION TO FINLAND
AND ESTONIA
.107
4.
ARE
EU
MEMBERSHIP CONDITIONS BENEFICIAL FOR
BULGARIA AND ROMANIA?
.114
5.
BULGARIA INTO THE
EU:
THE ADJUSTMENT WILL TAKE TIME
. 139
IV. THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE FOR THE WESTERN
BALKANS AND TURKEY
.155
1.
THE WESTERN BALKANS IN THE PROCESS FROM
STABILIZATION TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
.155
2.
THE CURRENT DECADE: THE EUROPEAN
INTEGRATION PICKS UP SPEED
.175
3.
TURKEY AND THE
EU:
FULL-FLEDGED INTEGRATION
OR PRIVILEGED PARTNERSHIP?
.208
V. CONCLUSION
.223
CHRONOLOGY OF THE MAIN EVENTS IN THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
.227
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
.231
LIST OF REFERENCES
.235
SUMMARY (In Bulgarian)
.245
SUMMARY (In English)
.251
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA FOR
THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA (in English)
.259
ABOUT THE AUTHOR (in English)
.267
THE BALKANS. THE TOUGH ROAD TO
UNITED EUROPE
(SUMMARY)
Over the last ten years the relations between the countries in
South-Eastern Europe' (SEE) and the European Union
(EU)
have
undergone significant evolution. They were above all characterized
by the deepening of the mutual cooperation based on the European
integration of the region. SEE became part of the enlargement of the
EU
to Central and Eastern Europe which got under way after the
radical political and economic changes that had occurred in that part
of the continent in the late
80s'
and early
90s'.
In the current decade SEE has also occupied a prominent place
in the common foreign and security policy of the
EU.
It was due to
this policy that the peace and stability in the region has so far been
successfully maintained. The strategic goal of this process is the
overcoming of the regional division and the subsequent unification
of Europe on the basis of shared democratic values and principles/The
enhancement of the integration relations with the
EU
is a topmost
priority in the foreign policy of all SEE countries. The Union is their
main foreign trade partner which supports the internal democratic
'
The term South-Eastern Europe is practically synonymous with the
Balkans and lately has been used more frequently in the context of
the present conditions in Europe and especially regarding issues of the
European integration. SEE covers ten countries
-
Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey,
Croatia and Montenegro. Over the last ten years Moldova has been taking
part in the multilateral regional cooperation as well. (Tsachevsky, V., The
Balkans. The New South-Eastern Europe,
2007)
252
В. Цаневски
♦
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
and market economy reforms while fostering the cooperation in the
region.
Up to now, the most important result of the integration
relations between the
EU
and the SEE countries has been the
accession of Bulgaria and Romania at the beginning of
2007.
Some of
the Western Balkan countries have signed and others are just about
to sign a Stabilization and Association Agreement which lays a firm
foundation for their future integration into the
EU.
Croatia and Turkey have been already conducting negotiations
on their accession while Republic of Macedonia has been granted
the status of applicant country. Despite the different stages they have
reached in the development of their relations with the
EU, all
the
states in the region have irrevocably committed themselves to the
European integration.
By and large, owing to the sweeping political and economic
reforms carried out in the region, the image of SEE has been
noticeable improved. Over the current decade the growth rate has
picked up and the foreign investments have increased manifold. The
regional cooperation has reached new dimensions as well. In the
contemporary political context the strategic geographical location of
the Balkans being close to the Mediterranean and the Middle East
has created prospects for SEE to become one of the pivotal transit
hubs in the pan-European gas and oil infrastructure, as well as a
crucial transportation center.
The transformation experienced by SEE in the last
10
years and
particularly the development of the integration relations with the
EU
have provided ample grounds to politicians and observers to label the
process as „Europeanization" of the region. It has been significantly
furthered due to the active role played by the
EU in
this respect.
Two relatively separate dimensions have shaped up in the
policy followed by the Union in SEE: one is the advancement of the
integration relations with the countries in the region and the other
is the keen efforts towards the stabilization of the Western Balkans
as incorporated in the EU's common foreign and security policy. The
lack of homogeneity of SEE has conditioned the different place of each
country in the EU's policy. The differentiation approach is manifested
Резюме
253
when it comes to their readiness to join the
EU Avhich
is assessed
on the basis of their achievements regarding the implementation
of the democratic and market economy reforms, and the successful
fulfillment of the membership criteria. A special attention is paid
to the internal political stability and the bilateral relations with the
neighbouring countries.
That has actually led to the uneven speed in the accession of the
SEE countries. It was first Greece that joined the Union, followed by
Bulgaria and Romania which did it in
2007.
The rest of the countries
have a different status depending on the headway they have made in
their relations with the
EU.
The absence of an operative mechanism for
common action and unity between the member states rendered the
EU
incapable of taking any effective measures against the turbulent
break-up of former Yugoslavia. One of the first distinctive regional
initiatives put forward by the Union was the Royaumont Process
for Stability and Good Neighbourliness in South-Eastern Europe. It
was launched at the end of
1995
when the Dayton and Paris peace
agreements on Bosnia and Herzegovina were signed.
Year
1999
marked an important milestone in the relations
between the
EU
and the SEE countries. In May the Union officially
announced the start of the Stability and Association Process for the
Western Balkan states. In June, during the culmination of the Kosovo
crisis, there was promoted another crucial initiative, i.e. the Stability
Pact for South-Eastern Europe. In December the European Council
decided to kick off accession negotiations with Bulgaria and Romania,
while Turkey was granted the status of applicant country.
The noticeable progress achieved in the overall communication
between the SEE countries and the
EU in
the current decade has
placed their relations on a more advanced level. Apart from the
European integration domain, there has been a significant evolution
in the EU's common foreign and security policy with respect to
SEE. The Union took active part, either in conjunction with NATO
or on its own, in the international community's efforts to stabilize
the Western Balkans. The
EU
has conducted a series of military and
police missions in Albania, Republic of Macedonia and in Bosnia
and Herzegovina since the beginning of the present decade. Some
254
В. Цачевски
*
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
member states have joined the international force in Kosovo. In
2006
the
EU
started preparations for a military mission in Kosovo after the
expected proclamation of its independence. This mission will be fully
deployed by the end of
2008.
The two last years
(2007
and especially
2008)
proved to be rather
important for the further development of the EU-SEE relations.
Twenty five years after Greece's accession to the
EU
two other
countries belonging to the same region were formally integrated
into the biggest organization in Europe. That was a turning point
with regard to the integration of all SEE countries in the future.
The borders of the Union have already extended to the Black Sea
and the further expansion of the treaties and agreements regulating
the regional cooperation brought about the introduction of new
multilateral structures. The
EU was
notably instrumental in assisting
this process. The Regional Free Trade Agreement which came into
force in the summer of
2007
and especially the Regional Cooperation
Council which in February
2008
succeeded the Stability Pact for SEE,
considered the most efficient project the
EU
has so far promoted in
terms of its cooperation with and support to the SEE countries.
The development of the integration relations between the
Western Balkan states and the
EU
progressed considerably in
2007-
2008.
Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina signed the
Stability and Association Agreements (SAA). It's beyond any doubt
that the SEE countries will participate in the future enlargement of
the Union having in mind its political commitment to them. Croatia
is set to be the next to join the club. The accession negotiations which
were kicked off in
2005
are expected to be over by the end of
2009
resulting in the country's official
EU
membership at the beginning of
the next decade. Republic of Macedonia is following in its footsteps,
anticipating to be invited to start negotiations with the
EU in 2008.
Despite the specific difficulties accompanying its integration process
Turkey has the status of applicant country and is currently holding
accession negotiations. The majority of the member states are in
favour of its future joining the Union.
At the same time, however, the relations between the
EU
and
the SEE countries have been facing a number of challenges. They are
Summary
255
primarily caused by obstacles in the domestic affairs of the countries
and by contradictions in their bilateral relations. As a result, the speed
and effectiveness of these countries' integration have been hampered
thus putting to the test the policy of the
EU
which has proved to
be a major international factor for keeping the security in SEE and
particularly in the Western Balkans. The intervention of the Union
was more than necessary for easing the ethnic tensions in the region.
Unfortunately, the ethnic hostility still continues to exist there.
Another disturbing aspect is the relatively slow establishment of
multilateral cooperation in SEE which, despite the good neighbourly
relations, has failed to lead to the creation of an appropriate mechanism
for crisis management. With the entry of Bulgaria and Romania into
the
EU
the possibilities in this respect have grown. However, up to
now, there hasn't really occurred any palpable change. All three
EU
member states located in the region have disagreements of a different
nature with their neignbouring countries. They pose problems before
the
EU as
well since it is involved in their ultimate settlement.
The main challenge for the stability in SEE and especially in
the Western Balkans is the persistent nationalism and the separatist
sentiments in some of the countries. In
2007-2008
the situation was
most unpredictable in Kosovoq Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic
of Macedonia and Serbia. Determining the status of Kosovo became
the highest risk for the stability in the Balkans in
2007.
After the
proclamation of Kosovo independence in February
2008
it put to
the test the successfulness of the EUs policy in the region after the
break-up of former Yugoslavia.
The institutions of the Union and its leading member states
expressed their confidence that they have at their disposal enough
diplomatic, political, economic and, should any need arises, military
means to tackle the repercussions resulting from the existing
problems in SEE. Such optimism is, however, vulnerable since there
is no overall consent in the
EU on
that and its policy regarding the
issue doesn't always tend to take stock of the existing realities in the
region. The stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and, to a
large extent, in Republic of Macedonia has been kept primarily due to
the active international commitment to their internal development.
256
В. Цачевски
*
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
The true difficulties for the
EU
came to the fore after the
declaration of Kosovo's independence when the Union is to take
on the international responsibility for its fulfillment on the ground.
The negative implications of the breakaway of Kosovo may as well
not lead to an upheaval similar to the conflicts in the
90s'
but will
most probably breed extreme nationalism, greater instability and
tension in the Western Balkans. The extension of the international
military presence and the promised European perspective for the
countries could fall short of preventing an outcome of this kind. The
possible speeding up of Serbia's integration won't make a sufficient
compensation for the loss of their province. The Serbs are likely to
hold their ground regarding the status of Kosovo even after both
nations become
EU
members in the future.
There is a risk of the Kosovo issue triggering disputes and
problems which could erode and even jeopardize the validity of the
underlying course of the EU's policy in this part of SEE. It could bring
forth a revision of the already established form of government in some
countries, namely Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic Macedonia,
thus causing a dramatic change in the state boundaries in the region.
It is highly possible that the separatism of the Albanians in Serbia
will be followed by the same conduct of the
serbs
in the new state
Kosovo. The active involvement of the
EU
is necessary here in the
future too, although it shouldn't be taken as an ultimate guarantee for
the stability in the Western Balkans. Besides, at the present moment
the
EU
is not considering or is hardly willing to alter its policy in the
region. Therefore, year
2008
will prove critical for the real potential
of the Union to prevent a new crisis and encourage the integration
process in the Balkans.
The accession of Bulgaria to the
EU
has marked a new stage of its
national development. The long-awaited membership has opened up
a range of opportunities before the country but at the same time it has
presented some challenges which can't be tackled with convincingly
only on the basis of continuity of its overall policy. There should be
taken measures towards a considerable increase in the effectiveness
of the national institutions. This requires redefining the strategic
national priorities and creating ample political and social potential
for their successful implementation. The government of the country
Summary
257
needs to be taken over by leaders who enjoy strong national support
and who are capable of carrying out in the speediest possible way the
further transformation of Bulgaria into a truly developed democratic
state.
The main objective for Bulgaria now is its quick adjustment
to the conditions in the
EU.
It will require at least
10 — 15
years.
This task demands investing a lot of effort in the economy and in
the struggle with corruption and organized crime. What will make
a key difference is the efficient use of the resources allocated for the
country by the
EU
funds. The Western Balkan states expect to get
greater diplomatic, expert and integration-related assistance from
Bulgaria along their road to
EU
accession. Bulgaria should also
be an active exponent, together with Greece and Romania, of the
common interests of the countries in the region with respect to the
advancement of the integration process and the EU's policy in SEE
and internationally.
Of paramount importance for the Bulgarian foreign policy is the
building of such a partnership with the other member states which is
laid on a pragmatic basis and takes into account its national interests.
It is especially valid for the smaller member states which represent
a majority in the
EU
and are on the same footing as Bulgaria in the
Union. Bulgaria will make much more of its participation in the
European integration if it manages to increase its national potential
by furthering the democratic principles, boosting the economic
competitiveness and improving the standard of living. This is a crucial
condition for its being a worthy partner of the other member states,
for defending its national priorities in a more effective way and for
benefiting from the opportunities of its new status.
The membership in the EUis of strategic significance for Bulgaria.
Yet, the implications it can have for the country's development and
foreignpolicy should be assessed somewhat realistically. TheEuropean
integration as any other form of international cooperation creates not
only partnership relations but also competition and peaceful rivalry
where an important, in many cases even decisive, role is played by
the balance of forces between the participating states.
To sum up, the
EU
integration both offers prospects and holds
risks for Bulgaria whose economy is underperforming and is heavily
258
В. Цачевски
*
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
dependent
on foreign investments and technologies. Transferring
more powers to the institutions of the
EU
limits the scope of the
national sovereignty. In its turn, the progress of the integration
relations and the common foreign and security policy is affected by
the difficulties to comply with the interests of the increased numbers
of
EU
countries. The latest manifestation of these difficulties is
the persistent institutional crisis in
EU
following the failure of the
ratification in
2005
of the Constitutional Treaty and later on in
2008
of The Lisbon treaty. Therefore, Bulgaria's foreign and foreign-
economic policy shouldn't be restricted only within the framework
of the
EU but
should rather be placed into a wider perspective.
Summary
259
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA FOR
THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA
It has taken Bulgaria about fifteen years to accomplish its goal
of becoming a member of the
EU.
Its fulfillment came as a result of
the cumulative efforts of a large number of institutions and persons,
as well as of the support of all
EU
member states. This was a huge
success for the country, recognition of its democratic development
and active participation in the international security and cooperation,
primarily in the Balkans .The author of this book has made his modest
contribution too. For more than twenty years I was scientific research
and expert on the European integration and Bulgaria's relations with
EU(EEC)
in the Institute for Foreign policy within the Ministry of
foreign affairs. Over the last decade I worked as an expert at the
European Integration Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
which functioned as a coordination body in the overall process of
Bulgaria's integration to the
EU.
At that period Bulgaria had to choose the most appropriate
moment to submit its membership application. It eventually took
place in December
1995,
two and a half years after the signing of
the Europe Agreement which had been successfully implemented by
Bulgaria. In the same year applications were officially submitted by
other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romania.
In that respect Bulgaria didn't allow itself to lag behind.
In the period
2003-2006
I was Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of Bulgaria to Finland and Estonia. At that very same
time Bulgaria concluded its accession negotiations and completed
the subsequent ratification procedure of its Accession Treaty to the
EU.
Those were actually the priority goals of the country's foreign
policy then. Finland and Estonia were staunch supporters of the
further enlargement of the
EU.
I personally witnessed it during my
260
В. Цачевски
*
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
meetings
with the leadership of the two countries
-
the President
Tarja
Halonen, the Prime Minister
Matti Vanhanen,
the Minister for
Foreign Affairs at that time
Erkki Tuomioja
and other senior Finnish
officials. In Estonia I held meetings with the former President
Arnold Ruttel, the Prime Minister Andrus Ansip, the Foreign Affairs
Ministers Kristiina Ojuland, Rein Lang and
Urmas
Paet, and many
others.
In the process of Bulgaria's accession to the
EU a
prominent role
was played by Finland with which the country enjoys long-standing
friendly relations whose origins can be traced back to the Finnish
participation in the Russian
-
Turkish war of
1877-1878
leading to
the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman rule. It was during the
Finnish presidency of the
EU, on
10
December
1999
in Helsinki,
that the European Council officially decided to launch accession
negotiations with Bulgaria. The Finnish Prime Minister at that time,
Mr.
Paavo
Lipponen, who later became Speaker of the Parliament,
was presented by the Bulgarian President
G eorgi
Parvanov in October
2007
with the highest honorary award of the state
„Stara Planina"
for
his noticeable contribution to the
EU
integration of Bulgaria.
Finland took over the rotational presidency again in the second
half of
2006
when the ratification of the Accession Treaty, prior to
the official membership, entered its final stage. That proved to be a
rather strenuous period which ultimately paved the way to Bulgaria's
entry into the
EU.
Both Finland and Estonia ratified the Treaty regarding the
accession of Bulgaria and Romania smoothly and in due time. The
Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) did it unanimously on
16
November
2005
placing the country among the first six member states which
completed the ratification of the Treaty. The ratification procedure at
the Finnish parliament (Eduskunta) occurred later, on
19
June
2006.
Although Finland was one of the member states most critical of the
fulfillment of the membership criteria by the candidate countries,
the Eduskunta lent a unanimous support to the Treaty. It actually
preceded the issuing of the last and most crucial Progress Report by
the EC on Bulgaria's and Romania's readiness to join the Union.
During my constant contacts and meetings with the leading
Finnish and Estonian politicians and members of parliament I
Summary
261
was presenting the latest information about Bulgaria's efforts and
results in its preparation for
EU
membership. I was confident that
the Finnish and Estonian parliaments with duly ratify the Accession
Treaty. The institutions of Bulgaria were informed about the real
situation, so it seemed strange that some Bulgarian politicians,
including the prime minister, put Finland without any reason among
those
EU
member states which had reservations on the ratification
of the Accession Treaty. Some delay in the ratification procedure was
due to the prolonged debate in Finland about the ratification of the
Constitutional Treaty which was at that time the most acute problem
in
EU.
Nevertheless Finland's Eduskunta ratified the common Bulgaria
and Romania's Accession Treaty before many other member states
-
Ireland, Luxembourg, Belgium, France, Denmark and Germany.
I attended the parliament's session during which the final
ratification took place together with the Ambassador of Romania to
Finland at that time, Mr. Niagu Udroiu. I remember that before and
during the discussion and voting the Vice Speaker of the parliament
chairing the session, Mr. Ilkka Kanerva, who later in became the new
Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs, waved to us encouragingly a
few times, indicating that everything would be fine. And so it was
-
the draft resolution on the ratification of the Accession Treaty was
approved unanimously without being officially put to the vote.
At that time the Bulgarian embassy in Helsinki, which was also
in charge of the relations between Bulgaria and Estonia, was seriously
understaffed and during my ambassadorship it didn't get any support
through the Communication Strategy designed to assist the efforts
of all Bulgarian institutions towards a successful
EU
membership.
Nonetheless, the embassy made significant contribution to the
achievement of one of the topmost priority goals in the Bulgarian
foreign policy due to noticeable enhancement of the Bulgarian-
Finnish and Bulgarian-Estonian relations at that time.
In my capacity as Ambassador I set up a series of political,
cultural and commercial initiatives. Some of the events were
conducted together with the embassy of Romania in Helsinki owing
to the excellent partnership and .friendly communication which
I managed to establish with the former Ambassador H.E. Niagu
Udroiu and with .his successor H.E.
Lucian Fatu.
I enjoyed also close
262
В. Цачевски
♦
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
cooperation with the Ambassador of Finland to Bulgaria, H.E. Taisto
Tolvanen, and especially with H.E. Kauko Jamsen who took over the
office at the beginning of
2005.
A major achievement in the bilateral relations was the formation
of Friendship groups at the two parliaments in the autumn of
2005.
At the Riigikogu the group was created in the eve of the ratification
procedure of the Accession Treaty. It happened to be the largest one
promoting friendly relations between Estonia and any other country
as it consisted of
23
out of all
101
MPs. Among the members of the
group was Mr. Toomas Varek, at that time Deputy Speaker and later
on appointed Speaker of the Estonian parliament.
The Friendship group with Bulgaria at the Eduskunta was headed
by Mr.
Jari Vilen,
Chairman of the Grand Committee which deals
with the Finnish policy regarding
EU
legislative proposals. Taking
into account his personal contribution to the further development
of the Bulgarian-Finnish relations and to the ratification of the
Accession Treaty I proposed that
Jari Vílen
be honoured with the
highest honorary award of the Bulgarian Foreign Ministry, i.e. Gold
Laurel Leaf, It was presented to him in
2007.
The office of the honorary consul of Bulgaria to Finland was
inaugurated in
2004.
Mr. Mauri Tuomivaara is an exceptional person
who considers Bulgaria his second homeland and who has generously
donated more than
€ 60 000
to the orphanage in Burgas and to other
charity purposes. He is a true polyglot
-
he is fluent in Bulgarian
and six other foreign languages, he translates books and movies. On
my personal initiative Mr. M. Tuomivaara was presented with the
highest honorary distinction of Bulgaria's Ministry of foreign affairs.
In
2005
I suggested that
Mr. Heiki Kranich
to become Honorary
consul of Bulgaria to Estonia and he was later appointed as such by
the Bulgarian government.
Mr. Kranich
is a former Minister and MP
who is actively promoting the economic cooperation between the
two countries.
Apart from that, during the same period there were organized
special days dedicated to Bulgaria and its culture, relevant exhibitions
were staged in Helsinki,
Kemi,
Turku, Lahti, Valkeakoski and other
Finnish cities, presentations of the Bulgarian economy were held
The support by Finland and Estonia for the
eu
membership of Bulgaria
263
at the
WTC in
Helsinki, Turku and at the Bulgarian embassy in
Helsinki. On my personal initiative in
2005-2006
a donor campaign
was organized for the renovation of the monument in Gorni Dubnik
which was built in memory of the Finnish soldiers who sacrificed
their lives in the Russian-Turkish war of
1877-1878.
It was run
together with the Finnish-Bulgarian Friendship Society and the
highly esteemed Finnish Guard Guild.
The longstanding president of the Guard Guild has been Mr.
Kari Talvitie,
who is also an active member of the Finnish
-
Bulgarian
Friendship society, a researcher on Finland's participation in the
Liberation of Bulgaria in
1878
and the chief responsible of the
museum in Helsinki which is dedicated to the events of that time.
In
2005
I proposed that Mr. K. Talvitie to be honoured with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria's Gold Laurel Leaf for his
major contribution to the expanding of the friendly relations between
our two countries.
I initiated the preparation of a project on designing and placing
a monument in the compounds of the Bulgarian embassy in Helsinki
dedicated to the genius Bulgarian poet and
revolutioner Christo
Botev and to
Casimir Ehrnrooth
for his exceptional contribution
to the liberation of the Ottoman rule and for his being one of the
first Bulgarian statesmen, i.e. Prime-Minister and Minister of the
War in
1880-1881.
In
2006
an idea project for erecting in Helsinki
of a monument on the occasion of 130th anniversary of the liberation
of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule was prepared. The designer of the
monument was the well-known Bulgarian sculptor Vesselin Lambrev
who staged in
2005
his first exhibition in Finland. On the same
occasion I initiated a series of events in Helsinki and other towns
to organized in
2006
an
2007.
They included the presentation of
Bulgarian documentary films, folk singers and dancers, various
exhibitions, publication of the book on the activity of
Casimir
Erhnrooth
,
etc.
One of the priority directions in Embassy's activity at the time
of my diplomatic mandate was the close cooperation with the Finnish
-
Bulgarian Friendship Societies in Finland with their membership
amounting to around
600
in total. We organized many common
264
В. Цачеъски
♦
Балканите. Трудният път към обединена Европа
meetings
and initiatives in Helsinki,
Kemi, Lahti,
Turku, Tampere,
Oulu and Valkeakoski, where the membership reached more than
200
persons and it became the largest one in Finland. I met several
times with the Bulgarians living in Estonia and we agreed to set up a
friendship society. Each year on the occasion of the day of the Slavic
literacy and The Bulgarian culture I gave awards to Bulgarians and
finns
who had contributed to the friendship between Bulgaria and
Finland. Among then was the longstanding president of the Finnish
-
Bulgarian friendship society Ms Sirkka
-
Liisa
Lindqvist.
At my
suggestion she was presented by the Ministry of foreign affairs with
the Gold Laurel Leaf.
There were also arranged and conducted a number of official
visits by senior politicians from Bulgaria, Finland and Estonia.
Among the most prominent ones was the visit paid by the Bulgarian
President
Georgi
Parvanov to Helsinki in
2004,
the visit made by the
Estonian President Arnold Ruttel to Bulgaria in
2005,
the visit of the
Bulgarian Prime-Minister Sergei Stanishev to Finland in
2006,
as
well as that of the Bulgarian Foreign Affairs Minister Ivaylo Kalfin to
Estonia and Finland in
2006,
the last one being the first of its kind in
seven years.
All those events were a manifestation of the expandingfriendship
and cooperation in the mutual relations. The unquestionable support
Finland and Estonia provided to Bulgaria for its
EU
membership will
remain as a landmark in the history of our bilateral relations. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035385245 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644034852 (DE-599)BVBBV035385245 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Bulgarien Südosteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV035385245 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:06:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789543214723 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017306129 |
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| physical | 265 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| spelling | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)103648585 aut Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa Venelin Cačevski 1. izd. Sofija Iztok-Zapad 2008 265 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Balkans - the tough road to united Europe Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 g Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 s DE-604 Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017306129&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017306129&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071013-0 (DE-588)4008866-2 (DE-588)4058449-5 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa |
| title_auth | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa |
| title_exact_search | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa |
| title_full | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa Venelin Cačevski |
| title_fullStr | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa Venelin Cačevski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa Venelin Cačevski |
| title_short | Balkanite - trudnijat păt kăm obedinena Evropa |
| title_sort | balkanite trudnijat pat kam obedinena evropa |
| topic | Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Integration Bulgarien Südosteuropa Erlebnisbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017306129&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017306129&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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