Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954): studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego [u.a.]
2008
Bełchatów |
| Schriftenreihe: | Biblioteka "Niepodległości"
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Piłsudski adherents in political isolation 1939-1954 |
| Beschreibung: | 641 s., [12] s. tabl. il. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788391051238 |
Internformat
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1939-1954 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138649396183040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
...................................................................................................13
Rozdział I. W okresie kryzysu wewnętrznego
(1939-1944)................................41
1.
Struktury polityczne i funkcjonowanie elit piłsudczykowskich
(1939-1944).......41
1.1.
Od klęski wrześniowej do upadku Francji
(1939-1940)..............................41
1.2.
Odbudowa struktur obozu na emigracji i w okupowanym Kraju
(1940-1
943)..46
1.3.
Między Prezydentem a Naczelnym Wodzem
(1943-1944)..........................59
2.
Myśl polityczna-formułowanie nowych koncepcji i programów
....................67
2.1.
Dokumenty programowe a spory o cele polityczne
....................................67
2.2.
Polska w środowisku międzynarodowym
................................................84
2.3.
Wizje niepodległego państwa- rozważania ustrojowe
..............................135
2.4.
Ocena polskiej sceny politycznej na emigracji
.........................................154
Rozdział
II.
Dualizm koncepcyjno-programowy i próby jego przezwyciężenia
.....189
1.
Funkcjonowanie i aktywność
.................................................................189
1.1.
Podziały organizacyjne
-
przyczyny, charakter, konsolidacja
.....................189
1.2.
Poszukiwania formuły aktywności i funkcjonowania
.................................231
2.
Myśl polityczna
-
między ideową konsekwencją a programową
dekompozycją
.......................................................................................245
2.1.
Przewartościowania koncepcyjne w nowych warunkach geopolitycznych
.....245
2.2.
Ocena jałtańsko-poczdamskiego ładu politycznego
..................................267
2.3.Stosunek do krajowej rzeczywistości politycznej
......................................289
2.4.
Stanowisko wobec rzeczywistości politycznej na emigracji
.........................339
Rozdział III. Miedzy unifikacją organizacyjną a jednolitością postaw
(1948-1951)..........................................................................................351
1.
Liga Niepodległości Polski
-
działalność, rola
............................................351
2.
Aktywność pozapolityczna
....................................................................400
3.
Władze komunistyczne wobec obozu piłsudczykowskiego na emigracji
..........407
4.
Myśl polityczna środowiska piłsudczykowskiego
........................................425
4.1.
Obrona tożsamości ideowej i przewartościowania programowe
..................425
4.2.
Stosunek do rzeczywistości politycznej w kraju i na emigracji
.....................439
4.3.
Polska a środowisko międzynarodowe
...................................................470
Rozdział
IV.
W okresie wysiłków zjednoczeniowych na emigracji
(1951-1954)....501
1.
Działalność zjednoczeniowa Ligi Niepodległości Polski
................................501
2.
Myśl polityczna
-
zasadnicza rewizja czy ograniczona kontynuacja
...............549
2.1.
kwestia jedności narodowej
................................................................550
2.2.
Sytuacja kraju
..................................................................................561
2.3.
Ocena środowiska międzynarodowego
..................................................572
Zakończenie
..........................................................................................583
Bibliografia
...........................................................................................599
Indeks nazwisk
......................................................................................621
Summary
...............................................................................................633
Резюме..................................................................................................................
637
Ilustracje
..............................................................................................643
10
SUMMARY
PIŁSUDSKI
ADHERENTS IN POLITICAL ISOLATION
(1939-1954)
STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF
PIŁSUDSKI
POLITICAL CAMP
AND ITS POLITICAL THOUGHT
Following the collapse of the Communism in Poland, scholars have been in¬
creasingly engaged in the study of different aspects of
Józef PiłsudskPs
career as a
statesman and the political camp he created. Both political scientists and historians
interested in the
Piłsudski
camp usually focused their attention on the functioning of
it in the inter-war period, only rarely going beyond the years of an independent Po¬
land.
To carry out a thorough analysis of ideology and activity of the
Piłsudski
camp it was necessary to address different aspects of the problem. For this reason, the
work presented here is at the same time a study of Polish political parties and politi¬
cal movements acting in exile after
1939
and a study of political thought and political
ideas.
The outbreak of the Second World War put the
Piłsudski
camp in a situation
totally different from that it had been in before September,
1, 1939.
Capable of main¬
taining a dominant position in the period between
1926-1939,
after
1939
it had to
suffer the consequences of leading Poland into war. After that year the group under
discussion lost its position, which, however, stemmed not so much from a defeat in
the September campaign as from a style of exercising power for more than
13
years.
What is more, the lost campaign brought about internal divisions within the camp
which was later to be reflected in a dualism of views and attitudes lingering both in
exile and under German occupation. With
Sosnkowskľs
reluctance to follow an
example of
Piłsudski
or Edward
Rydz-Śmigły
and accept a role of a leader and with
his inclination to persevere in treating an idea
-
totally Utopian
-
of uniting all politi¬
cal forces as the most important value, ideological confusion could only be deep¬
ened. Under such circumstances internal conflict which followed seemed unavoid-
Arkadiusz Adamczyk, Pifsudczycy w izolacji...
able. Some opted for creating a kind of an elitist organization keeping aloof from
Polish political life abroad, while others tended towards more conciliatory manner of
functioning. Furthermore, in terms of political strategy and objective setting process,
they were willing to follow an example offered by the Polish legions in
1914-1918
or
by the so-called
Belveder
camp in
1919-1926.
Like in the periods just mentioned, the
most important thing was to regain an independent Poland and to seize power
-
the
latter understood as a tool used for transforming reality.
And last but not least, as compared with the period prior to September
1939,
the ideologists of the camp to a much greater extent had to take into consideration a
specific international situation Poland was in as well as a difficult position of the
country under German and
-
after
1944 -
under Soviet occupation.
To become a part of a new party system that had emerged after
1939
the
Piłsudski
adherents had to make a significant review of their basic political ideas.
Some within the camp thought that it was best-advised to stick firmly with their long-
established political principles. Most representatives of the group, however, were
convinced that the specific situation made it necessary to reconsider some aspects of
their politic credo. Ideological differences existing between isolated factions of the
organization completely unable to influence a policy pursued by the Polish authori¬
ties made the situation even more difficult. In the area of a real policy making the
Piłsudski
adherents had to struggle both against being marginalized as well as against
being tempted to cling to irrational and Utopian conceptions ignoring real costs and
conditions.
Isolated and deprived by other participants of political system of the very
possibility to influence policy-making process, their main efforts concentrated on
organizing public space in such a way as to regain their position and secure for
themselves a chance to implement the most important points of their political pro¬
gram. The more so that the
Piłsudski
adherents contested the efforts made by the
Polish authorities in exile to substitute a policy based on the so-called political real¬
ism
-
a trend represented by
Władysław Sikorski
and
Stanisław Mikołajczyk
-
for that
conducted prior to the outbreak of the war and based on national imponderables
-
especially as far as Polish foreign policy was concerned.. In denouncing the policy
pursued by the Polish governments as ill-founded they believed that their proposals
were objectively of great benefit to the Polish cause. Contrary to the inter-war period,
however, when the representatives of the
Piłsudski
camp consciously abstained from
serious attempts to persuade public opinion to accept their conceptions and sought
public support for purely instrumental reasons, now they were left with no other op¬
tion but to try to win the support from the Polish society. An appeal to it was the only
political weapon they had at their disposal.
634
_________
Summary:
Piłsudski
adherents in political isolation
(1939-1954)_________
In spite of the polarization of opinions and organizational dualism the
Piłsudski
adherents managed to maintain and consolidate their political identity stick¬
ing with an ideology and a model of modern politics developed in the inter-war pe¬
riod. Identification with their own ideological heritage and with a widely-defined
tradition of Polish liberation movements
-
regardless of their plans for the future and
judgment of the current problems
-
led them to explore the past in search of the justi¬
fication for ideas and political projects they were putting forward. In this context
-
characteristically enough
-
there was a line which they were unprepared to cross.
While the leaders of the group did not hesitate to reject authoritarian manner of run¬
ning the party, they were completely unable to set themselves free from the late
Marshal s authority and from his view of Poland s situation in the world. The great
influence
Piłsudski
exerted upon his adherents during the First World War and in the
years of an independent Poland determined the way in which the latter were willing
to shape political principles to be followed after
1939.
It was only at the beginning of the 50-ties that the camp s political thought
began to undergo deep changes. The organization began to lose its authoritarian
character. The reasons for this were quite paradoxical. The person that enjoyed the
greatest esteem in the
Piłsudski
camp simply refused to become its leader. This fact
made it necessary to introduce significant modifications in the group s political plat¬
form which resulted in leading its members out of isolation but at the same time
brought about serious internal crisis culminating in a secession of those who were
opposed to a democratization of party structures. The question of the extent to which
the
Piłsudski
adherents were prepared to transform their party was inherently con¬
cerned with that of preserving the party s ideological and political identity.
The study of the
Sanacja
elite goes beyond the confines of a study of one of
political movements constituting a fragment of Polish anti-totalitarian opposition in
exile. In the arena of Polish politics as it had emerged after
1939
the
Piłsudski
camp
was not only devoid of any allies but was also torn by internal conflicts having harm¬
ful effects upon its functioning. By gaining an insight into the functioning of the group
it was possible to show mechanisms that allowed its members to retain organiza¬
tional cohesion and obtain a position strong enough to act on equal terms with other
parties and political movements of Polish emigration. The factors that helped over¬
come this isolation were threefold:
1)
The leaders willingness to adopt a democratic
style of running the organization under discussion.
2)
the determination of political
priorities which were shared by the majority of Poles abroad
-
especially as far as an
international position of Poland was concerned.
3)
The realistic assessment of
changes taking place in Poland and critical attitude towards the Communist regime at
home. It needs to be stressed that problems hotly debated among the
Piłsudski adher-
635
Arkadiusz Adamczyk, Pitsudczycy w izolacji...
ents
in the
period
between
1939-1954
are nowadays attracting the attention of many
scholars.
The
Piłsudski
camp after
1939
can serve as an example
-
among other Polish
parties existing in exile
-
of a political group that fell victim to what H.
Arendt
de¬
scribed as a mechanism of collective manipulation of facts and opinions which is
often seen in the attempts to write history anew.
The unfair view of the
Piłsudski
camp and the way in which it functioned
both before, during, and after the Second World War was presented in the Commu¬
nist Poland when the eyewitnesses of the events depicted were still alive. Neverthe¬
less, the consistent use of political lie (as defined by
Arendt)
had the effect of distort¬
ing public memory and creating half-truths that served as a point of departure for
formulating scholarly hypothesis (reactionary ideology of
Sanacja)
public debate
(collaboration with imperialism). The lie also affected the way in which the camp
was perceived by the public opinion in the Polish Peopled Republic (the group was
thought of as staying abroad for economical and not political reasons). Hence one is
justified in viewing the
Piłsudski
camp in terms of an object of political manipulation.
The discrediting of the
Piłsudski
camp in the Communist Poland
-
by an appeal to
historical arguments
-
was calculated to serve political purposes of totalitarian regime
in Poland.
Przekład: dr Artur Mękarski
636
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Adamczyk, Arkadiusz 1969- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)123951089 |
| author_facet | Adamczyk, Arkadiusz 1969- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Adamczyk, Arkadiusz 1969- |
| author_variant | a a aa |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035335454 |
| contents | Bibliogr. s. 599-619. Indeks |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)297594338 (DE-599)BVBBV035335454 |
| era | Geschichte 1939-1954 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1939-1954 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035335454 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:31:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788391051238 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017139827 |
| oclc_num | 297594338 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 641 s., [12] s. tabl. il. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Biblioteka "Niepodległości" |
| series2 | Biblioteka "Niepodległości" |
| spelling | Adamczyk, Arkadiusz 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)123951089 aut Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej Arkadiusz Adamczyk Warszawa Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego [u.a.] 2008 Bełchatów 641 s., [12] s. tabl. il. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka "Niepodległości" 5 Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Piłsudski adherents in political isolation 1939-1954 Bibliogr. s. 599-619. Indeks Piłsudski, Józef 1867-1935 (DE-588)118742574 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1939-1954 gnd rswk-swf Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1945-1970 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / 1945- jhpk Idee polityczne / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Idee polityczne / Polska / 1945- jhpk Idee polityczne - Polska - 1900-1945 jhpk Idee polityczne - Polska - 1945- jhpk Polacy - za granicą - 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy - za granicą - 1945- jhpk Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1945-1970 jhpk Politische Bewegung (DE-588)4229761-8 gnd rswk-swf Piłsudski, Józef 1867-1935 (DE-588)118742574 p Politische Bewegung (DE-588)4229761-8 s Geschichte 1939-1954 z DE-604 Biblioteka "Niepodległości" 5 (DE-604)BV021703150 5 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017139827&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017139827&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Adamczyk, Arkadiusz 1969- Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej Biblioteka "Niepodległości" Bibliogr. s. 599-619. Indeks Piłsudski, Józef 1867-1935 (DE-588)118742574 gnd Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1945-1970 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / 1945- jhpk Idee polityczne / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Idee polityczne / Polska / 1945- jhpk Idee polityczne - Polska - 1900-1945 jhpk Idee polityczne - Polska - 1945- jhpk Polacy - za granicą - 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy - za granicą - 1945- jhpk Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1945-1970 jhpk Politische Bewegung (DE-588)4229761-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118742574 (DE-588)4229761-8 |
| title | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej |
| title_auth | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej |
| title_exact_search | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej |
| title_full | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej Arkadiusz Adamczyk |
| title_fullStr | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej Arkadiusz Adamczyk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej Arkadiusz Adamczyk |
| title_short | Piłsudczycy w izolacji (1939 - 1954) |
| title_sort | pilsudczycy w izolacji 1939 1954 studium z dziejow struktur i mysli politycznej |
| title_sub | studium z dziejów struktur i myśli politycznej |
| topic | Piłsudski, Józef 1867-1935 (DE-588)118742574 gnd Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1945-1970 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy / za granicą / 1945- jhpk Idee polityczne / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Idee polityczne / Polska / 1945- jhpk Idee polityczne - Polska - 1900-1945 jhpk Idee polityczne - Polska - 1945- jhpk Polacy - za granicą - 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy - za granicą - 1945- jhpk Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1900-1945 jhpk Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1945-1970 jhpk Politische Bewegung (DE-588)4229761-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Piłsudski, Józef 1867-1935 Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1900-1945 Polacy / za granicą / działalność polityczna / 1945-1970 Polacy / za granicą / 1900-1945 Polacy / za granicą / 1945- Idee polityczne / Polska / 1900-1945 Idee polityczne / Polska / 1945- Idee polityczne - Polska - 1900-1945 Idee polityczne - Polska - 1945- Polacy - za granicą - 1900-1945 Polacy - za granicą - 1945- Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1900-1945 Polacy - za granicą - działalność polityczna - 1945-1970 Politische Bewegung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017139827&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017139827&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021703150 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adamczykarkadiusz piłsudczycywizolacji19391954studiumzdziejowstrukturimyslipolitycznej |