National development strategies: policy notes
This publication draws on the experience and dialoguess of the United Nations in the economic and social areas, providing suggestions on the means to achieve at the national level, the internationally-agreed development goals synthesized in the United Nations Development Agenda.--Publisher's de...
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
United Nations
2008
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| Series: | Economic & social affairs
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | This publication draws on the experience and dialoguess of the United Nations in the economic and social areas, providing suggestions on the means to achieve at the national level, the internationally-agreed development goals synthesized in the United Nations Development Agenda.--Publisher's description. |
| Physical Description: | XXV, 349 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789211045796 |
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DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIES POLICY NOTES UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK, 2008 CONTENTS PAGE
FOREWORD XV PREFACE XVII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIX CONTRIBUTORS XXI ACRONYMS
XXIII MACROECONOMIC AND GROWTH POLICIES S INTRODUCTION 1 MACROECONOMIC
OBJECTIVES 2 STABILIZATION AND GROWTH 2 INFLATION 3 THE IMPACT OF
INFLATION ON GROWTH 3 THE COSTS OF FIGHTING INFLATION 6 EXTERNAL BALANCE
8 UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY 9 FISCAL, MONETARY AND EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES
10 FISCAL POLICY 11 SOURCES OF FISCAL REVENUES AND POLICY CONSTRAINTS 11
BORROWING CONSTRAINTS 11 AID DELIVERY AND ABSORPTION 12 PUBLIC RESOURCE
MOBILIZATION 13 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISCAL POLICY 17 THE PRO-CYCLICAL
BIAS OF FISCAL POLICY 20 ALTERNATIVE FISCAL POLICY MEASURES 21 FISCAL
POLICY ACCOUNTING: STRUCTURAL AND PRIMARY DEFICITS 21 MANAGEMENT OF
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 22 AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS: FISCAL
STABILIZATION FUNDS 22 COUNTER-CYCLICAL TAX POLICIES, LOW-COST STIMULI
AND OTHER FISCAL POLICY ALTERNATIVES 23 IV NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEG
IES PAGE MONETARY POLICY .;. 25 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY POLICY
26 MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS 29 INDIRECT MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS
29 DIRECT MECHANISMS AND OTHER MICROECONOMIC MEASURES 30 THE
MACROECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS 31 EXCHANGE RATE
POLICY 33 IMPACT OF DEVALUATION 34 IMPACT ON AGGREGATE DEMAND AND GROWTH
34 IMPACT ON INFLATION ". 35 REAL BALANCE SHEET EFFECTS 36 THE DEBATE ON
EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES 38 FIXED AND FLOATING RATE REGIMES 38
INTERVENTIONS IN THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 39 INTERMEDIATE REGIMES.
'.'.* * * * * 41 MICROECONOMIC MEASURES 42 MONETARY AND EXCHANGE RATE
POLICY RULES AND INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN 44 RULES VERSUS DISCRETION AND
INFLATION TARGETING VERSUS FOREIGN EXCHANGE TARGETING 44 CENTRAL BANK
MANDATE 45 INDEPENDENT CENTRAL BANK 46 CAPITAL MARKET INTERVENTIONS AND
OTHER POLICY OPTIONS FOR OPEN ECONOMIES 47 INTERVENTIONS IN CAPITAL
MARKETS 47 PRICE AND QUANTITY BASED CONTROLS ON INFLOWS AND OUTFLOWS 47
SOFT CONTROLS: ENCOURAGING MARKET SEGMENTATION 50 INDIRECT INTERVENTIONS
IN CAPITAL ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS THROUGH PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS 50 PUBLIC
SECTOR LIABILITY MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES .,, 54
CONCLUSION: MICROECONOMIC INTERVENTIONS AND OTHER HETERODOX MEASURES 56
REFERENCES 57 BOXES 1. THE IMPACT OF INFLATION ON INEQUALITY 7 2.
TAXATION OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS 17 3. MANAGING "DUTCH DISEASE" 42
4. ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORKS 52 CONTENTS FINANCIAL POLICIES INTRODUCTION:
OBJECTIVES . 63 NEED FOR AND CONSTRAINTS ON FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 64
DEFINING THE AMBIT OF A FINANCIAL STRATEGY 66 IS MORE BETTER? 67 FINANCE
FOR GROWTH THROUGH DEVELOPMENT BANKING 68 REALIZING TARGET
CREDIT-DEPOSIT RATIOS 68 CREATING LONG-TERM CREDIT 70 ENSURING SECTORAL
DISTRIBUTION 71 LEVERAGING CAPITAL PROVISION TO INFLUENCE INVESTMENT
DECISION AND PERFORMANCE 72 ROLE FOR DIFFERENTIAL INTEREST RATES 74
FINANCIAL POLICIES TO PROMOTE EQUITY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 77 ENSURING
FINANCIAL INCLUSION 78 BANK BRANCHING 79 PREVENTING CREDIT MIGRATION 79
PREVENTING CREDIT CONCENTRATION 80 DIRECTED CREDIT 80 INSTITUTIONAL
SAFEGUARDS 81 SUPPLY-LEADING ROLE 81 A CASE FOR PUBLIC OWNERSHIP 82
FINANCIAL INNOVATION FOR DEVELOPMENT 84 POLICY BANKING . 84 COOPERATIVES
85 MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFIS) 86 LEARNING FROM HISTORICAL
EXPERIENCE 90 AUTONOMY AND REGULATION 94 PRE-EMPTING FINANCIAL FRAGILITY
94 FINANCIAL SECTOR SUPERVISION AND REGULATION 96 ON LIBERALIZING
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS 96 FOREIGN SAVINGS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS , 103
CAPITAL FLOWS AND FINANCIAL FRAGILITY 104 MANAGING EXTERNAL DEBT AND
CAPITAL FLOWS 106 CONCLUSIONS 109 VI NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
REFERENCES 110 BOXES 1. FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND MACROECONOMIC
POLICY 69 2. UNREGULATED FINANCIAL SECTORS CAN BE INAPPROPRIATE 70 3.
DEVELOPMENT FINANCE IN VIET NAM 74 4. FINANCIAL EXCLUSION IN INDIA
PRE-NATIONALIZATION 79 5. PREVENTING CREDIT MIGRATION 80 6. FARMERMAC:
FARM CREDIT SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES 81 7. PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AND
INCLUSIVE FINANCE IN INDIA 83 8. CREDIT UNIONS IN THE UNITED STATES 85
9. THE SPREAD OF MICROFINANCE 87 10. FINANCIAL STRATEGIES CAN LEAD TO
CREDIT RATIONING 99 11. THE STRUCTURAL CONSEQUENCES OF FINANCIAL
LIBERALIZATION 100 12. FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND FINANCIAL EXCLUSION
102 STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE REFORM INTRODUCTION: PUBLIC INVESTMENT AND
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 113 MANAGING STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOES) 115 THE
CASE FOR SOES 116 THE CASE AGAINST SOES*AND ITS LIMITATIONS 121 IS
PRIVATIZATION A SOLUTION TO SOE PROBLEMS? 124 ALTERNATIVES TO
PRIVATIZATION 129 ORGANIZATIONAL REFORMS 129 INCREASING COMPETITION 131
POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS 133 MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS
136 APPROPRIATING NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS 137 INVESTING THE RENTS 139
INVESTING IN FINANCIAL ASSETS 140 INVESTING IN GENERAL CAPABILITY
BUILDING '. 142 INVESTING IN RELATED DIVERSIFICATION 142 INVESTING IN
UNRELATED DIVERSIFICATION :'. 144 CHOOSING THE RIGHT POLICY MIX 144 THE
POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS MANAGEMENT 145 ANNEXES 149
CONTENTS VII PAGE ANNEX I. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
149 ANNEX 2. THE ROLE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT* 152
THE MEASUREMENT PROBLEM 152 THE COVERAGE PROBLEM 153 LIMITS TO THE
NOTION OF "PRIVATE" OWNERSHIP 153 SECURITY OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 154 REFERENCES 155 BOXES 1. SINGAPORE'S SOE SECTOR
116 2. EMBRAER, RENAULT AND POSCO: WORLD-CLASS FIRMS WITH SOE ORIGINS
117 3. PRIVATIZATION, TAIWAN PROVINCE OF CHINA STYLE : 119 4.
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR SOES 120 5. NON-SELFISH MOTIVES IN ENTERPRISE
MANAGEMENT 123 6. SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS FOR LARGE PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS
124 7. ARGUMENTS AGAINST SOES ' 125 8. PRIVATIZATION CHECKLIST 127 9. .
CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR SUCCESSFUL PRIVATIZATION 130 10. ORGANIZATIONAL
REFORM OF THE SOE SECTOR: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA 132 11.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE ECONOMIC BUREAUCRACY 134 12. WHAT MAKES A
GOOD SOE? 135 13. WHAT MAKES NATURAL RESOURCES DIFFERENT? 137 14.
DESIGNING AND SELLING CONTRACTS FOR NATURAL RESOURCE EXPLORATION. 138
15. NATIONAL RESOURCE FUNDS 140 16. THE PETROLEUM FUND OF NORWAY 141 17.
RESOURCE-BASED DIVERSIFICATION: THE MALAYSIAN CASE 143 18. FROM LOGGING
TO MOBILE PHONES: THE STORY OF NOKIA 145 19. OPTIONS FOR NATURAL
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 146 INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES INTRODUCTION
157 OVERVIEW: DEVELOPING AN INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY 158 THE
CASE FOR INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES 160 COORDINATION OF
TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION ACROSS FIRMS AND SECTORS - 165 VIII NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES SHARING RISK AND ENABLING THE FINANCING OF
INVESTMENT IN POTENTIALLY PROFITABLE SECTORS 166 SHARING RISK IN LABOUR
TRAINING AND LEARNING PROCESSES 167 PROVIDING TARGETED INFRASTRUCTURE TO
CRITICAL SECTORS 169 DEVELOPING REGULATORY CAPACITY TO MAINTAIN AND
ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS . 170 STEPS IN DEVELOPING AN INVESTMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY POLIC Y 172 STEP 1. IDENTIFYING SECTORS TO SUPPORT 172 DATA
REQUIREMENTS 173 DATA ON CRITICAL ECONOMIC SECTORS AND TECHNOLOGIES 175
DATA ON INVESTMENT AND INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE 176 INFORMATION ON
CONSTRAINTS 178 STEP 2. IDENTIFYING INSTRUMENTS AND POLICIES FOR
EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION . 180 COORDINATION OF TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION
ACROSS FIRMS AND SECTORS 180 SHARING RISK AND ENABLING THE FINANCING OF
INVESTMENT 182 SHARING RISK IN LABOUR TRAINING AND LEARNING PROCESSES
183 PROVIDING TARGETED INFRASTRUCTURE TO CRITICAL SECTORS 183 DEVELOPING
REGULATORY CAPACITY TO MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS 184 STEP 3.
ARE INSTITUTIONAL AND GOVERNANCE CAPACITIES ADEQUATE FOR EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION? 184 INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY COMPARED WITH GOOD
GOVERNANCE AND INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS 189 LIMITATIONS OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE AND INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS 192 CRITICAL GOVERNANCE
CAPACITIES REQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY VERSUS GOOD
GOVERNANCE CAPACITIES 194 REFERENCES 196 BOXES 1. INVESTMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICIES: JUSTIFICATION AND FIRST STEPS . 171 2. SECTORAL
CHOICES IN THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 177 3. IDENTIFYING POSSIBLE
AREAS WHERE INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES MAY BE USEFUL 181 4.
EXAMPLES OF INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES IN OUR HYPOTHETICAL
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 185 5. FINAL SELECTION OF INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICIES IN OUR HYPOTHETICAL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 188 6. INVESTMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY IS NOT ABOUT 'PICKING WINNERS' . 195 CONTENTS IX
SOCIAL POLICY INTRODUCTION 199 SOCIAL POLICY 200 SOCIAL POLICY IN
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 204 SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS 207 DRAFTING
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS 213 FINANCING AND IMPLEMENTING
SOCIAL POLICIES 216 ENSURING PARTICIPATION AND POLITICAL SUSTAINABILITY
222 MAINSTREAMING EQUITY ACROSS SECTORS 224 UNIVERSAL OR TARGETED
POLICIES? 229 SPEED MATTERS: LONG-TERM POLICIES AND SHORT-TERM HIGH
IMPACT INITIATIVES. 231 SELECTED INSTRUMENTS TO PROMOTE INCLUSIVE
SOCIETIES 234 EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR 235 CRITICAL POLICY ISSUES 237 (1)
STARTING THE DECENT WORK AGENDA: SOCIAL PACTS FOR EMPLOYMENT-GENERATING
POLICIES 237 (2) LABOUR STANDARDS AND FAIR INCOME 238 (3) SKILLS
DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY 242 (4) PRODUCTIVE AND FREELY
CHOSEN EMPLOYMENT 243 (5) SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR ALL 244 EDUCATION 244
CRITICAL POLICY ISSUES 244 (1) ELIMINATING FEES AND PROMOTING UNIVERSAL
FREE PRIMARY EDUCATION 244 (2) IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY, VTET AND
TERTIARY EDUCATION . 245 (3) QUALITY AND RELEVANCE OF EDUCATION 246 (4)
OTHER PROGRAMMES FOR EDUCATION FOR ALL 246 HEALTH 246 CRITICAL POLICY
ISSUES 247 (1) EXTENDING COVERAGE OF HEALTH CARE 247 (2) MATERNAL AND
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 250 (3) COMBATING HIV/AIDS AND MALARIA 251 (4) OTHER
PROGRAMMES TO PROMOTE HEALTH FOR ALL 251 SOCIAL PROTECTION 251 NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES CRITICAL POLICY ISSUES * 252 (1) EXPANDING
PENSION COVERAGE 252 (2) ADDRESSING URGENT COMMUNITY NEEDS 254 (3)
SUPPORTING WOMEN AND THE UNPAID CARE ECONOMY. 256 (4) CHILD
PROTECTION 257 BEYOND TRADITIONAL SOCIAL POLICY: TACKLING PREJUDICE,
CHANGING BEHAVIOUR, BUILDING SOCIAL TRUST AND COHESION 257 CONFLICT
PREVENTION 259 INTERNATIONAL REDISTRIBUTION AND SOCIAL JUSTICE ' 261
GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SOCIAL POLICIES 261 NEW INSTRUMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT
AID 262 CONCLUSION 263 REFERENCES 264 N BOXES **. 1. GROWTH ALONE IS
NOT ENOUGH 201 2. REDISTRIBUTION IS CRITICAL TO REDUCE POVERTY AND
SUSTAIN GROWTH 203 3. COMMON PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
206 4. AVOIDING GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT THE POOR 211 5. DATA ISSUES: THE
POLITICS OF INFORMATION 211 6. TYPICAL SOCIAL OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 214 7. ASSESSING SOCIAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
218 8. PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING IN BRAZIL 222 9. DEGREES OF PARTICIPATION
223 10. THE IRISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL 224 11. MAINSTREAMING
EQUITY ACROSS SECTORS 225 12. MODELS OF WELFARE . , 229 13. TARGETING
METHODS 230 14. BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA: SHORT-TERM HIGH-IMPACT INITIATIVES
232 15. HOW TO GENERATE DECENT EMPLOYMENT ;. 236 16. SPAIN: THE
MONCLOA SOCIAL PACTS 238 17. ARGUMENTS FOR THE DECENT WORK AGENDA 239
18. MALAYSIA'S AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 241 19. THE INDIAN RURAL EMPLOYMENT
GUARANTEE ACT 243 20. MEXICO'S PROGRESA/OPORTUNIDADES PROGRAMME 245 21.
SEWA MICRO-INSURANCE SCHEME, INDIA 250 22. NAMIBIA'S SOCIAL PENSIONS 254
CONTENTS XI PAGE 23. SOCIAL TRANSFERS*HOW THEY WORK \ 255 24.
AFGHANISTAN'S "NEW HOME, NEW LIFE"*TRANSMITTING VALUES THROUGH MEDIA 258
25. BURUNDI: CONFLICT PREVENTION STRATEGIES 260 TRADE POLICY AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES 269 BACKGROUND CONCEPTS, PAST AND CURRENT DEBATES . 269 THE
CASE AND OPTIONS FOR WIDENING THE POLICY SPACE 270 EFFECTIVE DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION 271 COVERAGE 271 POLICY SPACE FOR FUTURE NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 271 THEORETICAL CONTEXT 271 THE EXPANDED REACH OF
INTERNATIONAL TRADE OBLIGATIONS 273 SOME FTAS ARE MORE CONSTRAINING 274
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 275 PREPARING A STRATEGY
276 THE WTO MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS AND THE MDGS 277 POLICY SPACE
OBJECTIVES 278 MARKET ACCESS OBJECTIVES 280 TARIFFS AND INDUSTRIAL
POLICY 281 INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 281 PUBLIC-PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIPS 282 TARIFF LIBERALIZATION AND BINDINGS 282 TARIFF POLICY
AND INDUSTRIALIZATION STRATEGY 284 SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY 288
SUBSIDIES 288 EXPORTS AND POVERTY 289 EXPORT GROWTH AND THE MDGS 289
INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY 291 PROMOTE EQUITY 291 ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY 292
ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE PRO-POOR EXPORT STRATEGY 292 ACCESS TO
EXPORT MARKETS 293 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY 294 XII NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES PAGE AGRICULTURE AND THE MDGS 294 COMPLEX
MULTILATERAL REGIME : 295 FURTHER AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION 297
LIBERALIZATION AND FOOD SECURITY 298 GENDER AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE 301
TRADE IN SERVICES AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 302 SERVICES AND THE MDGS .
302 UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO SERVICES 303 SERVICES AND COMPETITIVENESS 303
EXPORTS OF SERVICES 304 NEGOTIATIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES 304 A STRONG
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IS REQUIRED 305 INVESTMENT POLICY IS CENTRAL TO
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON SERVICES 305 INVESTMENT, JOBS FOR YOUTH AND ACCESS
TO TECHNOLOGIES 30 6 INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS ON INVESTMENT POLICY. 306
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS: A TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT 307 A "NEW
GENERATION" OF BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES 309 MNP * ACCESS TO THE
WORLD EMPLOYMENT MARKET 309 MNP AND THE MDGS. 310 IMPACT OF MNP 310
ACCESS FOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS 311 A STRATEGY FOR MNP 312 INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR THE POOR 313 TRIPS AND MDGS 313 HEALTH 314
COMPETITION 314 GENETIC RESOURCES, AGRICULTURE AND BIO-PIRACY 315 GIS
AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE 316 THE FTA OPTION 318 FTAS AND THE MDGS 318
THE PROLIFERATION OF FTAS 318 DEVELOPMENT IMPLICATIONS OF FTAS 319 MORE
THAN SPAGHETTI! 320 FTAS WITH THE NORTH 321 . .AND THE SOUTH 321
CONTENTS XIII PAGE POLICY SPACE WITHIN FTAS 322 ANNEXES 325 ANNEX A.
TEXTILES AND CLOTHING:STILL THE FIRST STEP TO INDUSTRIALIZATION? . 325
T&C AND THE MDGS 325 MARKET ACCESS : 326 RULES OF ORIGIN 327 INCREASING
PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS 328 EQUITY: SHARING OF BENEFITS 329
ANNEX B. FISHERIES, PUTTING THE PRODUCTS OF THE POOR ON WORLD MARKETS.
330 FISHERIES AND MDGS 330 BARRIERS TO EXPORTS OFFISH PRODUCTS 331 FOOD
SAFETY STANDARDS AND SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES 332 ANNEX C. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES 333 ANNEX D. ENERGY SERVICES 335 ENORMOUS INVESTMENT REQUIRED
TO MEET WORLD DEMAND. 335 HOW TO ENSURE UNIVERSAL ACCESS? 336 ANNEX E.
FINANCIAL SERVICES 338 DIFFERING COMMITMENTS TO FINANCIAL REFORM 338
IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION 339 ANNEX F. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 339
STRATEGIC ROLE OF DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 340 CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP
340 CONDITIONS FOR LIBERALIZATION 341 ANNEX G. HEALTH SERVICES : '*. 342
REFERENCES . V 343 BOXES 1. TERMS OF ACCESSION 273 2. FRONTIERS OF THE
TRADING SYSTEM 274 3. DOHA ROUND SUSPENSION 278 4. TRADE POLICY SPACE
RATIONALE 278 5. TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 280 6.
COMPONENTS OF TRADE-RELATED INDUSTRIAL POLICY 281 7. THE FISCAL
IMPLICATIONS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION 283 8. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
THRESHOLD 285 9. THE EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA 286 XIV
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 10. MONGOLIA*REMOVAL OF EXPORT
RESTRICTIONS AND TAXES 287 11. AID-FOR-TRADE 290 12. CHINA'S
INDUSTRIALIZATION 291 13. EQUITY ISSUES IN FISHERIES SECTOR 292 14.
EXPORT POLICIES AND WTO AND OTHER TRADE AGREEMENTS , * * * * 293 15.
CATFISH, GLOBALIZATION AND THE POOR 294 16. LEGAL AND POLITICAL
INITIATIVES*DIE EXAMPLE OF COTTON 296 17. IDENTIFYING SPECIAL PRODUCTS
299 18. APPLYING SPECIAL SAFEGUARDS 301 19. THAILAND'S "ONE TAMBON, ONE
PRODUCT" 317 20. THE NEW OR "SINGAPORE" ISSUES 321 21. EXAMPLES OF HOW
SPS CAN PENALIZE THE POOR 332 22. THE 4TH WORLD WATER FORUM 334 23.
BUENOS AIRES WATER SUPPLY PRIVATIZATION 335 24. ENERGY SERVICES
LIBERALIZATION IN LATIN AMERICA '. 337 25. STRATEGIES FOR STRENGTHENING
ENERGY SERVICES COMPETITIVENESS*THE CASE OF VENEZUELA 337 26. THE THAI
EXPERIENCE 339 27. EXPANSION OF SUPERMARKET CHAINS 341 |
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| callnumber-raw | HC59.3 |
| callnumber-search | HC59.3 |
| callnumber-sort | HC 259.3 |
| callnumber-subject | HC - Economic History and Conditions |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)262478525 (DE-599)BVBBV035328773 |
| dewey-full | 338.9 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
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| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| geographic | Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Entwicklungsländer |
| id | DE-604.BV035328773 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:18:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789211045796 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017133231 |
| oclc_num | 262478525 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | XXV, 349 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | United Nations |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Economic & social affairs |
| spelling | National development strategies policy notes New York United Nations 2008 XXV, 349 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Economic & social affairs This publication draws on the experience and dialoguess of the United Nations in the economic and social areas, providing suggestions on the means to achieve at the national level, the internationally-agreed development goals synthesized in the United Nations Development Agenda.--Publisher's description. Entwicklungsländer stw Entwicklungsstrategie stw Wirtschaftspolitisches Ziel stw Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Economic policy Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s DE-604 Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 g Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 s DE-188 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017133231&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | National development strategies policy notes Entwicklungsländer stw Entwicklungsstrategie stw Wirtschaftspolitisches Ziel stw Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Economic policy Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4014957-2 (DE-588)4014954-7 |
| title | National development strategies policy notes |
| title_auth | National development strategies policy notes |
| title_exact_search | National development strategies policy notes |
| title_full | National development strategies policy notes |
| title_fullStr | National development strategies policy notes |
| title_full_unstemmed | National development strategies policy notes |
| title_short | National development strategies |
| title_sort | national development strategies policy notes |
| title_sub | policy notes |
| topic | Entwicklungsländer stw Entwicklungsstrategie stw Wirtschaftspolitisches Ziel stw Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Economic policy Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Entwicklungsländer Entwicklungsstrategie Wirtschaftspolitisches Ziel Wirtschaftsentwicklung Wirtschaftspolitik Economic development Economic policy Entwicklungspolitik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017133231&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |