Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, FLA [u.a.]
CRC Press
2009
|
| Series: | An Auerbach book
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XV, 170 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781420076622 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 010 | |a 2008046202 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781420076622 |c alk. paper |9 978-1-4200-7662-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)181142707 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV035292084 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Held, Gilbert |d 1943- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)120242451 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications |c Gilbert Held |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, FLA [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 170 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a An Auerbach book | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Light emitting diodes | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Lumineszenzdiode |0 (DE-588)4125154-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Lumineszenzdiode |0 (DE-588)4125154-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017097114 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804138589070557184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
XV
Chapter
1
Introduction to
LEDs
1
1.1
Basic Operation
1
1.1.1
The
p
-η
Junction
1
1.1.1.1
No Applied Voltage
2
1.1.1.2
Applying Forward-Bias
2
1.1.1.3
Applying Reverse-Bias
3
1.1.2
LED Operation
4
1.1.2.1
Similarity to a Diode
4
1.1.2.2
Crossing the Barrier
4
1.1.3
LED Evolution
4
1.1.3.1
The First LED
5
1.1.3.2
Doping Materials
5
1.1.4
Voltage
:
ind
Current Requirements
8
1.1.4.1
Manufacture of
LEDs
8
1.1.4.2
Parallel and Series Operations
10
1.1.4.3
Current Limitation
Considerations
12
1.2
Types,
Functions
;,
and Applications
18
1.2.1
Types of
LEDs
18
1.2.1.1
Physical Characteristics
18
1.2.1.2
Colors
20
1.2.1.3
Flashing
LEDs
21
1.2.1.4
LED Displays
22
VII
viii CONTENTS
Chapter
2
1.2.2
Applications
23
1.2.2.1
Lighting
23
1.2.2.2
Other Applications
24
Fundamentals of Light
27
2.1
Properties of Light
27
2.1.1
Speed of Light
27
2.1.2
Photons
28
2.1.3
Planck s Constant
28
2.1.4
Frequency, Energy, and Light
29
2.1.5
Frequency and Wavelength
29
2.1.5.1
Frequency
30
2.1.5.2
Frequency of Waves
30
2.1.5.3
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
30
2.1.6
Spectral Power Distribution
31
2.1.6.1
Incandescent Light
32
2.1.6.2
Fluorescent Light
32
2.2
The
CIE
Color System
33
2.2.1
The Maxwell Triangle
33
2.2.1.1
Overview
33
2.2.1.2
Limitations
34
2.2.1.3
The Spectral Locus
34
2.2.2
CIE
Theoretical Primaries
35
2.2.3
CIE
Chromaticity
Chart
35
2.3
LED
1
-ight
36
2.3.1
Comparing
LEDs
37
2.3.2
White Light Creation Using
LEDs
37
2.3.2.1
White Light Creation by Mixing
Colors
37
2.3.2.2
White Light Creation Using
Phosphor
37
2.3.3
Intensity of an LED
40
2.3.3.1
Candlepower
40
2.3.3.2
The
Candela
41
2.3.4
On-Axis Measurement
41
2.3.5
Theta One-Half Point
42
2.3.6
Current and Voltage Considerations
43
2.3.7
Lumens,
Candelas, Millicandelas,
and
Other Terms
43
2.3.7.1
Lumens
44
2.3.7.2
Lumens per Watt and Lux
45
2.3.7.3
Watt Dissipation
45
2.3.7.4
Steradian
46
2.3.7.5
Luminous Energy
47
2.3.7.6
Illuminance
48
2.3.7.7
Lighting Efficiency
48
2.3.7.8
Color Temperature
49
CONTENTS ix
2.3.7.9
Representative Lighting Color
Temperature
49
2.3.8
LED White Light Creation
50
2.3.8.1
Wavelength Conversion SO
2.3.8.2
Color Mixing
51
2.3.8.3
Homoepitaxial ZnSe
51
Chapter
3 LEDs
Examined
53
3.1
P-N Junction Operation
53
3.1.1
Semiconductor Material
54
3.1.2
Basic Concepts of Atoms
54
3.1.2.1
Electrical Charge
55
3.1.2.2
Band Theory
55
3.1.3
Energy Bands
55
3.1.4
Conduction and Valence Bands of
Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators
56
3.1.5
Equilibrium
57
3.1.5.1
Depletion Region Operation
58
3.1.5.2
Bias Effect
59
3.2
Diodes and
LEDs 60
3.2.1
LED Operation
60
3.2.2
Color of the Light Emitted by an LED
61
3.2.3
Light Production
62
3.3
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
63
3.3.1
Overview
63
3.3.2
Comparing Technologies
64
3.3.2.1
LCDs versus OLEDs
64
3.3.3
Types of Displays
65
3.3.3.1
PMOLED
65
3.3.3.2
AMOLED
66
3.3.4
Limitations of OLEDs
68
3.3.4.1
Lifetime of OLEDs
68
3.3.4.2
Fabrication and Ramp-Up Cost
69
3.3.5
OLED
TV
69
3.3.6
Other Markets
71
3.4
LED Drivers
72
3.4.1
Rationale for Use
73
3.4.2
Using PWM
74
3.4.3
Driver Definition
75
3.4.4
Driver Connection
75
3.4.5
Types of Drivers
75
3.4.5.1
Boost LED Drivers
76
3.4.5.2
Step-Down LED Drivers
76
3.4.5.3
Buck-Boost LED Drivers
77
3.4.5.4
Multitopology Driver
77
3.4.5.5
Pump LED Driver
77
3.5
Summary
78
χ
CONTENTS
Chapter
4
Chapter
5
LEDs
and
Lighting
79
4.1
Rationale
80
4.1.1
Incandescent Lightbulbs
80
4.1.1.1
Economics of Use
81
4.1.2
Compact Fluorescent Lightbulbs
82
4.1.2.1
Cost Reduction
82
4.1.2.2
Utility Subsidization
83
4.1.2.3
The Federal
2007
Energy Bill
84
4.1.2.4
Economics of Use
84
4.1.2.5
Disposal Problems
85
4.1.3
LED Lightbulbs
86
4.1.3.1
Purchase Considerations
86
4.1.3.2
Quality of Light
88
4.2
High-Brightness (HB)
LEDs
90
4.2.1
Overview
91
4.2.1.1
Metal-Organic Chemical-Vapor
Deposition System
91
4.2.1.2
Initially Developed HB
LEDs
92
4.2.1.3
Utilization
92
4.2.2
Fabrication Forms
93
4.2.3
ac versus dc Power
93
4.2.3.1
Seoul Semiconductors
94
4.2.3.2
Lynk Labs
95
4.2.4
HB-LED Output
96
4.2.5
Energy Star Program Developments
97
4.2.6
Outdoor Lighting Developments
98
4.2.7
Cities Discovering
LEDs
99
4.2.8
Lighting Science Group
100
4.2.9
OSRAM
Opto
Semiconductors
101
LEDs in
Communications
103
5.1
Remote
Control and Infrared
LEDs
103
5.1.1
Overview
104
5.1.2
The Infrared Region
104
5.1.2.1
Rationale for Use
104
5.1.2.2
Frequency and Wavelength
104
5.1.3
Evolution in the Use of
IR
106
5.1.4
IR
Remote Operation:
IR
Port
106
5.1.5
Types of
IR
Devices
107
5.1.5.1
Emitters
107
5.1.5.2
Detector
107
5.1.5.3
Photo Interrupter
107
5.1.5.4
Photo Reflector
108
5.1.5.5
IR
Transceiver
108
5.1.6
TV Remote Control
109
5.1.7
The
IR
Signal
109
5.1.7.1
ASK Modulation
109
5.1.7.2
FSK Modulation
110
CONTENTS xi
5.1.8
Interference
110
5.1.9
Inside a TV
Remote
Control 111
5.1.9.1
Operation 111
5.1.9.2
Printed Circuit Board
112
5.1.10
Remote Control
LEDs 113
5.1.10.1
Wavelengths and Fabrication
113
5.1.10.2
Technical Details
113
5.1.10.3
Cost
114
5.1.11
IR
Detection with
IR
Photodiode
114
5.1.11.1
Overview
114
5.1.11.2
Modes
115
5.1.11.3
Composition
116
5.1.11.4
Packaging
116
5.1.11.5
Operation
117
5.1.12
Selecting a Resistor
117
5.1.12.1
Limiting the Value of the Resistor
118
5.1.12.2
Maximum Resistance
118
5.2
Ethernet Networking
119
5.2.1
Fiber-Optic Cable
120
5.2.1.1
Decibels Power Measurements
120
5.2.1.2
Single versus Dual Cables
121
5.2.1.3
Cable Composition
122
5.2.1.4
Types of Fiber Cable
122
5.2.1.5
Fiber and Wavelength
123
5.2.2
FOIRL and 10BASE-F
124
5.2.2.1
Overview
125
5.2.2.2
Optical Transceiver
125
5.2.2.3
The Fiber Hub
125
5.2.2.4
Fiber Adapter
126
5.2.2.5
Wire and Fiber Distance
Limitations
126
5.2.3
10BASE-F
127
5.2.3.1
10BASE-FL
127
5.2.3.2
10BASE-FB
129
5.2.3.3
10BASE-FP
129
5.2.4
Optical Media Support
129
5.2.5
Fast Ethernet
130
5.2.5.1 100BASE-FX 130
5.2.5.2
100BASE-SX
130
5.2.6
Gigabit Ethernet
131
Chapter
6
Comparing
LEDs
and Laser Diodes
133
6.1
The Laser Diode
133
6.1.1
Emission of Coherent Light by Laser Diodes
134
6.1.1.1
The Quantum Process
134
6.1.1.2
Use of Mirrors
136
6.1.2
Reviewing LED and Laser Diode
Operations
137
CONTENTS
6.1.3 Evolution
of
Laser
Diodes
137
6.1.4
Types of
Laser
Diodes
138
6.1.4.1
Edge-Emitting
Laser Diode
138
6.1.4.2
Double Heterostructure
Laser
140
6.1.4.3
Quantum
Well
Laser
140
6.1.4.4
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting
Laser (VCSEL)
141
6.1.4.5
Trade-offs between Various
Laser
Diodes
143
6.1.4.6
Vertical External Cavity Surface-
Emitting Laser
143
6.2
Comparing Laser Diodes and
LEDs 143
6.2.1
Comparing Operational Characteristics
143
6.2.2
Performance Characteristics
144
6.2.2.1
Speed
144
145
145
145
145
146
147
147
148
148
149
150
151
151
151
151
Chapter
7
The Evolving LED
153
7.1
Lighting
153
7.1.1
Increasing LED Density
154
7.1.2
Light Output per LED
154
7.2
Communications
157
7.3
Organic
LEDs 158
7.3.1
Display Utilization
158
7.3.2
Advantages
158
7.3.3
Current Deficiencies
159
7.3.4
Lighting
160
Index
161
6.2.2.2
Peak Wavelength
6.2.2.3
Power Coupling
6.2.2.4
Spectral Width
6.2.2.5
Emission Pattern
6.2.2.6
Linearity
6.2.2.7
Luminous Efficacy
6.2.2.8
Drivers
6.2.3
Safety
6.2.4
Applications
6.2.4.1
Commercial Applications
6.2.4.2
Data Communications
6.2.4.3
Dental Applications
6.2.4.4
Illumination Application
6.2.4.5
Medical Application
6.2.4.6
Military Applications
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| id | DE-604.BV035292084 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:30:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781420076622 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008046202 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017097114 |
| oclc_num | 181142707 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-1043 DE-11 DE-1050 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-M347 |
| physical | XV, 170 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | CRC Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | An Auerbach book |
| spelling | Held, Gilbert 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)120242451 aut Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications Gilbert Held Boca Raton, FLA [u.a.] CRC Press 2009 XV, 170 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier An Auerbach book Includes bibliographical references and index Light emitting diodes Lumineszenzdiode (DE-588)4125154-4 gnd rswk-swf Lumineszenzdiode (DE-588)4125154-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017097114&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Held, Gilbert 1943- Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications Light emitting diodes Lumineszenzdiode (DE-588)4125154-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125154-4 |
| title | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications |
| title_auth | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications |
| title_full | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications Gilbert Held |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications Gilbert Held |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications Gilbert Held |
| title_short | Introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications |
| title_sort | introduction to light emitting diode technology and applications |
| topic | Light emitting diodes Lumineszenzdiode (DE-588)4125154-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Light emitting diodes Lumineszenzdiode |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017097114&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heldgilbert introductiontolightemittingdiodetechnologyandapplications |