Astrophysics processes: the physics of astronomical phenomena
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
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| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 504 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521846561 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138568288829440 |
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| adam_text | ASTROPHYSICS PROCESSES THE PHYSICS OF ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA HALE BRADT
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ALSO BY
THE AUTHOR PAGE XV : XX XXI XXV XXVII 1 KEPLER, NEWTON, AND THE MASS
FUNCTION IL.L INTRODUCTION 1.2 BINARY STAR SYSTEMS CELESTIAL
LABORATORIES * VISUAL BINARIES * ECLIPSING BINARIES * SPECTROSCOPIC
BINARIES 1.3 KEPLER AND NEWTON KEPLER S LAWS (M^ M) ELLIPSE * THE
NEWTONIAN CONNECTION * EARTH-ORBITING SATELLITES - ORBIT CHANGE - LAUNCH
INCLINATION 1.4 NEWTONIAN SOLUTIONS A/»M COMPONENTS OF THE EQUATION OF
MOTION * ANGULAR MOMENTUM (KEPLER II) * ELLIPTICAL MOTION (KEPLER I) *
TRIAL SOLUTION TRANSFORMED - RADIAL EQUATION TRANSFORMED - SOLUTION *
ANGULAR MOMENTUM RESTATED * PERIOD AND SEMIMAJOR AXIS (KEPLER III) *
TOTAL ENERGY 1.5 ARBITRARY MASSES RELATIVE MOTIONS - RELATIVE
COORDINATES: REDUCED MASS - EQUATION OF MOTION - EQUIVALENCE TO THE M 2
M PROBLEM * SOLUTIONS - ANGULAR MOMENTUM (KEPLER II) - ELLIPTICAL
MOTION - PERIOD AND SEMIMAJOR AXIS (KEPLER III) - TOTAL ENERGY 1.6 MASS
DETERMINATIONS MASS FUNCTION * STELLAR MASSES FROM CIRCULAR ORBITS -
MASSIVE CENTRAL OBJECT - CIRCULAR ORBITS - SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY *
STELLAR MASSES FROM ELLIPTICAL ORBITS - ORBITAL ELEMENTS - VISUAL
BINARY: RELATIVE ORBIT - VISUAL BINARY: TWO ORBITS - SPECTROSCOPIC
BINARY * EXAMPLES - MASS OF A BLACK HOLE IN CYGNUS X-1 * MASSES OF
NEUTRON-STAR PULSARS 15 22 28 II CONTENTS . . * * _ 1.7 EXOPLANETS AND
THE GALACTIC CENTER 39 EXOPLANETS * GALACTIC CENTER - STELLAR ORBITS -
DISTANCE TO THE GALACTIC CENTER - MASSIVE BLACK HOLE 2 EQUILIBRIUM IN
STARS 49 2.1 INTRODUCTION 50 2.2 JEANS LENGTH 50 COLLAPSE CRITERION *
CRITICAL MASS 2.3 HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM. . 52 BALANCED FORCES *
PRESSURE GRADIENT 2.4 VIRIAL THEOREM 54 POTENTIAL ARID KINETIC ENERGIES
* DERIVATION * STARS * CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES - SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION -
VIRIAL MASS . . 2.5 TIME SCALES 59 THERMAL TIME SCALE * DYNAMICAL TIME
SCALE * DIFFUSION TIME SCALE - ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM WALK -
THREE-DIMENSIONAL WALK - MEAN FREE PATH - SOLAR LUMINOSITY . * 2.6
NUCLEAR BURNING 65 STABLE EQUILIBRIUM - COULOMB BARRIER * NUCLEAR WARMER
* PROTON-PROTON (PP) CHAIN - NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS - BARYON, LEPTON, AND
CHARGE CONSERVATION - ENERGY CONSERVATION - PEP, HEP, AND BE REACTIONS *
CNO CYCLE * ENERGY PRODUCTION - YIELD PER CYCLE - SUN LIFETIME -
ENERGY-GENERATION FUNCTION 2.7 EDDINGTON LUMINOSITY 73 FORCES ON CHARGED
PARTICLES - RADIATIVE FORCE - BALANCED FORCES * MAXIMUM STAR MASS * MASS
ACCRETION RATE - NEUTRON-STAR ACCRETION - ACCRETION LUMINOSITY - MASSIVE
BLACK HOLES 2.8 PULSATIONS 78 HEAT ENGINE * CONDITION FOR PULSATIONS *
IONIZATION VALVE - TRANSITION ZONE - VARIABLE STARS AS DISTANCE
INDICATORS 3 EQUATIONS OF STATE 87 3.1 INTRODUCTION 88 3.2
MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION 89 ONE-DIMENSIONAL GAS *
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GAS - MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION - MOMENTUM SPACE
- DISTRIBUTION OF MOMENTUM MAGNITUDE 3.3 PHASE-SPACE DISTRIBUTION
FUNCTION 92 MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN IN 6-D PHASE SPACE * MEASURABLE QUANTITIES
* SPECIFIC. , INTENSITY - PARTICLE NUMBER - ENERGY AND PHOTONS -
LIOUVILLE S THEOREM - CONSERVATION OF SPECIFIC INTENSITY * RELATIVITY
CONNECTION CONTENTS . * IX 3.4 IDEAL GAS 97 PARTICLE PRESSURE - MOMENTUM
TRANSFER - AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY * EQUATION OF STATE - PHYSICAL FORM -
MACROSCOPIC FORM (IDEAL GAS LAW) 3.5 PHOTON GAS 101 3.6 DEGENERATE
ELECTRON GAS. 102 FERMIONS AND BOSONS - SPIN - PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
- DEGENERACY - STATISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS * ONE-DIMENSIONAL
DEGENERACY - PLOTS OF 2-D PHASE SPACE - FERMI MOMENTUM - COMPRESSION AND
COOLING - TEMPERATURE * * THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEGENERACY - FERMI MOMENTUM
- FERMI FUNCTION - FERMI ENERGY - PRESSURES OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS *
NONRELATIVISTIC EOS - AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY - PRESSURE * RELATIVISTIC
EOS * SUMMARY OF EOS 4 STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION 117 4.1
INTRODUCTION 118 4.2 EQUATIONS OF STELLAR STRUCTURE 118 - FUNDAMENTAL
EQUATIONS - HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM - MASS DISTRIBUTION -. LUMINOSITY
DISTRIBUTION - RADIATION TRANSPORT * CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT - CONDITION
FOR CONVECTION - ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE.GRADIENT * SECONDARY EQUATIONS .
.*.. * 4.3 MODELING AND EVOLUTION 124 APPROACH TO SOLUTIONS * SUN *
MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS - SPECTRAL TYPES - CONVECTIVE REGIONS *
HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM - COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM - EFFECTIVE
TEMPERATURE AND RADIUS * GIANTS AND SUPERGIANTS * EVOLUTION OF SINGLE
STARS - SOLAR EVOLUTION - MASSIVE STARS - GAMMA-RAY BURSTS - GLOBULAR
CLUSTERS - OPEN CLUSTERS - VARIABLE STARS * SCALING LAWS - MATTER
DENSITY - PRESSURE - TEMPERATURE - LUMINOSITY - MASS DEPENDENCE - H-R
DIAGRAM COMPARISON - HOMOLOGY TRANSFORMATIONS 4.4 COMPACT STARS 142
WHITE DWARFS - MASS-RADIUS RELATION - STABILITY - SIRIUS B -
CHANDRASEKHAR MASS LIMIT * NEUTRON STARS * RADIUS OF A NEUTRON STAR -
EQUATIONS OF STATE AND STRUCTURE * EVIDENCE FOR NEUTRON STARS - MAXIMUM
MASS BLACK HOLES - EVENT HORIZON (SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS) - ANGULAR
MOMENTUM - INNERMOST STABLE ORBIT - BROAD, DISTORTED IRON LINE - PLANCK
LENGTH - PARTICLE ACCELERATION - EVAPORATION - , EXISTENCE OF BLACK
HOLES 4.5 BINARY EVOLUTION 157 TIME SCALES * GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION -
ENERGY LOSS RATE - FINAL CHIRP * TIDAL INTERACTION * MAGNETIC BREAKING *
EFFECTIVE EQUIPOTENTIALS - ROCHE LOBES - LAGRANGIAN-POINT POSITIONS *
ACCRETIO N - STAR SEPARATION - PERIOD CHANGE - STELLAR WINDS - PULSAR
WIND AND X-RAY IRRADIATION * SUDDEN MASS LOSS - SEMIMAJOR AXIS AND
PERIOD - ECCENTRICITY - UNBINDING OF THE ORBIT * EVOLUTIONARY SCENARIOS
- HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARY - PULSAR EVOLUTION * LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY *
NEUTRON-STAR SPINUP . CONTENTS - 5 THERMAL BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION 181
5.1 INTRODUCTION 182 5.2 HOT PLASMA 183 5.3 SINGLE ELECTRON-ION
COLLISION 185 RADIATION BASICS - RADIATED ELECTRIC VECTOR - POYNTING
VECTOR -LARMOR S FORMULA * ENERGY RADIATED PER COLLISION * FREQUENCY OF
THE EMITTED RADIATION 5.4 THERMAL ELECTRONS AND A SINGLE ION 190
SINGLE-SPEED ELECTRON BEAM - POWER FROM THE ANNULUS - POWER PER UNIT-
FREQUENCY INTERVAL * ELECTRONS OF MANY SPEEDS 5.5 SPECTRUM OF EMITTED
PHOTONS . 193 VOLUME EMISSIVITY - MULTIPLE ION TARGETS - EXPONENTIAL
SPECTRUM - GAUNT FACTOR - HII REGIONS AND CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES *
INTEGRATED VOLUME EMISSIVITY - TOTAL POWER RADIATED * WHITE DWARF
ACCRETION 5.6 MEASURABLE QUANTITIES . 199 LUMINOSITY * SPECIFIC
INTENSITY (RESOLVED SOURCES) - EMISSION MEASURE - DETERMINATION OF T AND
EM * SPECTRAL FLUX DENSITY S (POINT SOURCES) - - MEASURED FLUX FROM
VOLUME EMISSIVITY - SPECIFIC INTENSITY AND FLUX DENSITY COMPARED . 6
BLACKBODY RADIATION 205 6.1 INTRODUCTION 205 6.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RADIATION 208 SPECIFIC INTENSITY - RAYLEIGH-JEANS AND WIEN
APPROXIMATIONS - PEAK FREQUENCY - WAVELENGTH UNITS * LUMINOSITY OF A
SPHERICAL BLACKBODY - ENERGY FLUX DENSITY THROUGH A FIXED SURFACE -
EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE * RADIATION DENSITIES - ENERGY DENSITY - SPECTRAL
NUMBER DENSITY - CELLS IN PHASE SPACE - TOTAL NUMBER DENSITY - AVERAGE
PHOTON ENERGY * RADIATION PRESSURE - BEAM OF PHOTONS - MOMENTUM TRANSFER
- PHOTON PRESSURE * SUMMARY OF CHARACTERISTICS * LIMITS OF INTENSITY -
PARTICLES ADDED - SURFACE OF LAST SCATTER - TEMPERATURE LIMIT - BLACK
AND GRAY BODIES 6.3 COSMOLOGICAL EXPANSION , 222 ADIABATIC EXPANSION -
PHOTONS * COMPARISON WITH PARTICLES * SPHERE OF RECEDING MIRRORS -
HUBBLE EXPANSION AND FUNDAMENTAL OBSERVERS - REFLECTIONS FROM MIRRORS -
WAVELENGTH AND SCALE FACTOR * SPECTRAL EVOLUTION - EQUAL PHOTON NUMBERS
- TEMPERATURE AND INTENSITY 6.4 MATHEMATICAL NOTES 230 RIEMANN ZETA
FUNCTION -ROOTS OF A TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATION 7 SPECIAL THEORY OF
RELATIVITY IN ASTRONOMY 233 7.1 INTRODUCTION 234 7.2 POSTULATES OF
SPECIAL RELATIVITY . 234 J . CONTENTS . * XI 7.3 LORENTZ
TRANSFORMATIONS 235 TWO INERTIAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE * POSITION AND TIME
- SPHERICAL WAVE FRONT - TRANSFORMATIONS - TIME DILATION - LENGTH
CONTRACTION - SPACE-TIME INVARIANT - V SPACE-TIME INTERVALS: PROPER TIME
AND DISTANCE - FOUR-VECTOR * MOMENTUM . AND ENERGY - FOUR-VECTOR -
INVARIANT - PHOTONS - INVARIANCE FOR SYSTEM OF PARTICLES -
TRANSFORMATIONS * WAVE-PROPAGATION VECTOR AND FREQUENCY -
TRANSFORMATIONS - FOUR-VECTORS * ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS -
TRANSFORMATIONS - MAGNETIC FIELD TRANSFORMED - FIELD LINES 7.4 DOPPLER
SHIFT 249 DERIVATION - CLASSICAL DOPPLER SHIFT - RELATIVISTIC DOPPLER
SHIFT - EARTH-ORBITING SATELLITE - SECOND-ORDER DOPPLER SHIFT - DOPPLER
FROM K, 10 TRANSFORMATIONS * DOPPLER SHIFTS IN ASTRONOMY - ASTRONOMICAL
SIGN CONVENTION - REDSHIFT PARAMETER . -7.5 ABERRATION 255
TRANSFORMATION OF K DIRECTION * STELLAR ABERRATION -EARTH AS STATIONARY
FRAME - STARS AS STATIONARY FRAME 7.6 ASTROPHYSICALJETS 258 BEAMING
( HEADLIGHT EFFECT ) * LORENTZ INVARIANCE OF DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION *
DOPPLER BOOSTING - DOPPLER FACTOR 8 - BOOSTING AND DEBOOSTING ANGLES *
SOLID ANGLE - SPECIFIC INTENSITY - PHOTON CONSERVATION - MEANING OF
BOOSTING . FACTOR - SPECTRAL FLUX-DENSITY - FLUX DENSITY - K
CORRECTION * SUPERLUMINAL MOTION - APPARENT TRANSVERSE VELOCITY - KNOT
SPEED AND DIRECTION - MEASURED QUANTITIES - COSMOLOGICAL CORRECTION *
COMMENT ON OTHER JET MODELS 7.7 MAGNETIC FORCE AND COLLISIONS 275
RELATIVISTIC CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY - EQUATION OF MOTION - ANGULAR VELOCITY
* CMB OPACITY TO HIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS AND PROTONS - PHOTON ABSORPTION
THROUGH PAIR PRODUCTION - ENERGY THRESHOLD - MEV TO TEV ASTRONOMY-
COSMIC-RAY PROTONS AND THE CMB 7.8 ADDENDUM: LORENTZ INVARIANCE OF
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION (PHOTONS) 281 INVARIANCE OF PHASE-SPACE VOLUME
ELEMENT - GENERAL FORMULA FOR TRANSFORMING A PHOTON WORLD LINE -
TRANSFORMATION OF A RECTANGULAR VOLUME ELEMENT - PARALLELOGRAM IN FRAME
S - AREA IN TWO FRAMES - PHASE-SPACE VOLUME INVARIANT * INVARIANCE OF
RADIATING AREA 8 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 290 8.1 INTRODUCTION 291 8.2
DISCOVERY OF CELESTIAL SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 291 PUZZLING RADIATION FROM
THE CRAB NEBULA - BLUISH DIFFUSE LIGHT - SPECTRAL - ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
(SED) * ELECTRON ACCELERATORS (SYNCHROTRONS) * POLARIZED LIGHT FROM THE
CRAB NEBULA 8.3 FREQUENCY OF THE EMITTED RADIATION 295 INSTANTANEOUS
RADIATION PATTERNS - CLASSICAL RADIATION PATTERN (C)- RELATIVISTIC
RADIATION PATTERN (V S C) - FIELD LINES FOR RELATIVISTIC CIRCULAR
MOTION * ELECTRIC FIELD WAVEFORM, E(T) * BRIEF PULSES OF RADIATION *
CHARGES CHASING PHOTONS * OBSERVED FREQUENCY - SYNCHROTRON FREQUENCY -
PITCH ANGLE - ELECTRON ENERGIES IN CRAB NEBULA * POWER SPECTRUM SHAPE II
CONTENTS * 8.4 POWER RADIATED BY THE ELECTRON 304 TWO FRAMES OF
REFERENCE - STATIONARY FRAME OF REFERENCE - MOVING FRAME OF REFERENCE *
POWER RADIATED IN THE MOVING FRAME - ELECTRIC FIELD - ACCELERATION *
ENERGY-LOSS RATE * POWER RADIATED IN THE STATIONARY FRAME -
TRANSFORMATION TO THE STATIONARY FRAME - MAGNETIC ENERGY DENSITY AS
TARGET - ELECTRON ENERGY LIFETIME * CRA B NEBULA - SHORT LIFETIMES -
CRAB PULSAR 8.5 ENSEMBLE OF RADIATING PARTICLES 311 POWER-LAW SPECTRA -
NUMBER SPECIFIC-INTENSITY - ENERGY SPECIFIC-INTENSITY - NUMBER DENSITY -
ENERGY DENSITY * VOLUME EMISSIVITY - FUNCTION OF PARTICLE ENERGY -
FUNCTION OF EMITTED FREQUENCY - SPECIFIC INTENSITY AND FLUX DENSITY *
GALACTIC RADIO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 8.6 COHERENT CURVATURE RADIATION
318 CURVED TRAJECTORY - FREQUENCY EMITTED - POWER EMITTED * COHERENT
RADIATION FROM BUNCHED ELECTRONS * SPINNING NEUTRON STARS 9 COMPTON
SCATTERING 329 9.1 INTRODUCTION 329 9.2 NORMAL COMPTON SCATTERING . 330
COMPTON WAVELENGTH .MOMENTUM AND ENERGY CONSERVATION * SCATTERED
FREQUENCY 9.3 INVERSE COMPTON SCATTERING 332 PHOTON ENERGY INCREASE -
REST FRAME OF ELECTRON - LABORATORY FRAME - AVERAGE OVER DIRECTIONS *
RATE OF ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS - CROSS SECTION - SINGLE ELECTRON AND MANY
PHOTONS - VOLUME EMISSIVITY * COMPTONIZATION - BLACK-HOLE BINARIES -
CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES 9.4 SYNCHROTRON SELF-COMPTON (SSC) EMISSION 338
RELATIVE ENERGY LOSS RATES * COMPTON LIMIT * INVERSE COMPTON PEAKS IN
SEDS - CRAB NEBULA - BLAZARS 9.5 SUNYAEV-ZELDBVICH EFFECT 342 CLUSTER
SCATTERING OF CMB - AVERAGE FREQUENCY INCREASE - SHIFTED SPECTRUM -
INTENSITY DECREMENT * HUBBLE CONSTANT - CLUSTER X-RAY INTENSITY - CMB
DECREMENT - ANGULAR-DIAMETER DISTANCE * PECULIAR VELOCITIES OF CLUSTERS
* NONTHERMAL S-Z EFFECT 10 HYDROGEN SPIN-FLIP RADIATION 355 10.1
INTRODUCTION 355 10.2 THE GALAXY 356 STELLAR CONTENT * INTERSTELLAR
MEDIUM (ISM) - GASES - NEUTRAL HYDROGEN - IONIZED HYDROGEN - FOUR
COMPONENTS OF THE GASEOUS ISM - MOLECULES - DUST, RADIATION, COSMIC
RAYS, AND MAGNETIC FIELDS CONTENTS * XIII 10.3 HYPERFINE TRANSITION AT
1420 MHZ 362 SKY AT 1420 MHZ * QUANTIZATION FUNDAMENTALS - ANGULAR
MOMENTA - MAGNETIC MOMENTS * LINE SPLITTING - MAGNETIC DIPOLE IN A
MAGNETIC FIELD - THREE INTERACTION TERMS - OVERLAP OF ELECTRON WAVE
FUNCTION WITH A PROTON - MAGNETIC FIELD INSIDE THE PROTON - SPIN-SPIN
COUPLING - ENERGY DIFFERENCE 10.4 ROTATION OF THE GALAXY 374 GALACTIC
MODELS - POINTLIKE CENTRAL MASS - GALACTIC MASS - SPHERICAL AND
SPHEROIDAL DISTRIBUTIONS - SPHERICAL DISTRIBUTION WITH P R~ 2 *
TANGENT-POINT METHOD - HYDROGEN PROFILES - WORKING MODEL OF GALACTIC
ROTATION - GEOMETRY - ROTATION CURVE - CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDROGEN-CLOUD
MAP - SUMMARY * FLAT ROTATION CURVES AND DARK MATTER * DIFFERENTIAL
ROTATION IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD - RELATIVE VELOCITIES - OORT
CONSTANTS - SHEAR AND VORTICITY * CENTERS OF GALAXIES 10.5 ZEEMAN
ABSORPTION AT 1420 MHZ 389 ZEEMAN EFFECT - ENERGETICS - ANGULAR MOMENTUM
AND POLARIZATION - FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE * DETECTION OF ZEEMAN SPLITTING
* CLOUD MAGNETIC FIELDS 11 DISPERSION AND FARADAY ROTATION 400 11.1
INTRODUCTION 401 11.2 MAXWELL S EQUATIONS AND THE INDEX OF REFRACTION
401 THE EQUATIONS * VACUUM SOLUTION - WAVE EQUATIONS - PHASE VELOCITY *
EM WAVES IN DILUTE PLASMA - WAVE SOLUTION - PHASE VELOCITY - INDEX OF
REFRACTION - DISPERSION RELATION - POLARIZATION OF MEDIUM 11.3
DISPERSION 409 POLARIZATION FROM EQUATION OF MOTION * INDEX OF
REFRACTION AND PLASMA FREQUENCY - IONOSPHERIC CUTOFF - INTERSTELLAR
CUTOFF * GROUP VELOCITY - PHASE AND GROUP VELOCITIES DISTINGUISHED -
GENERAL EXPRESSION - PULSE SPEED IN A . PLASMA * CELESTIAL SOURCE - TIME
DELAY - CRAB PULSAR * DISPERSION MEASURE * GALACTIC MODEL OF ELECTRON
DENSITY 11.4 FARADAY ROTATION 419 ROTATION OF LINEAR POLARIZATION -
ROTATION WITH POSITION - OSCILLATING ELECTRONS * CIRCULAR POLARIZATION -
ROTATING VECTOR - LEFT-RIGHT NAMING CONVENTION - COMPONENTS OF E FIELD -
SUPERPOSITION OF RCP AND LCP - ROTATED LINEAR POLARIZATION * INDEX OF
REFRACTION - CIRCULAR MOTION POSTULATED - POLARIZATION VECTOR -
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND THE INDEX - CYCLOTRON FREQUENCIES * ROTATION
ANGLE - UNIFORM CONDITIONS - NONUNIFORM CONDITIONS - ROTATION MEASURE -
CRAB NEBULA - DEPOLARIZATION - IONOSPHERE 11.5 GALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELD
432 RATIO OF ROTATION AND DISPERSION MEASURES * GALACTIC MAP 12
GRAVITATIONAL LENSING 437 12.1 INTRODUCTION 438 12.2 DISCOVERY 438
QUASARS * TWIN QUASAR Q 0957+561 - OPTICAL DISCOVERY - RADIO IMAGING SIV
CONTENTS , 12.3 POINT-MASS LENS 442 BENDING ANGLE * NEWTONIAN ANGLE -
GENERAL-RELATIVITY ANGLE - COMPARISON WITH AN IDEAL LENS * EINSTEIN RING
PREDICTED * IMAGE POSITIONS - BENDING ANGLE PLOT - RAY-TRACE EQUATION -
ANGULAR-DIAMETER DISTANCE - GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION - LENS EQUATION -
ANALYTIC SOLUTION - DETERMINING SYSTEM PARAMETERS * MAGNIFICATION AND
FLUX - CONSERVATION OF SPECIFIC INTENSITY - MAGNIFICATION OVERVIEW -
EXTENDED SOURCE MAPPED - MAGNIFICATION FACTOR - TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
FACTOR * MICROLENSING - PROJECTED STELLAR ENCOUNTERS - MACHO PROJECT
12.4 EXTENDED-MASS LENS 460 GALAXY AS A LENS - CONSTANT-DENSITY
SPHEROIDAL LENS - BENDING ANGLE - SINGULAR ISOTHERMAL SPHERE (SIS) -
IMAGE LOCATIONS * THIN-SCREEN APPROXIMATION - LENS PLANE - BENDING ANGLE
12.5 FERMAT APPROACH . 465 FERMAT S PRINCIPLE * TUNE DELAYS - EFFECTIVE
INDEX OF REFRACTION - GEOMETRIC DELAY - GRAVITATIONAL DELAY * FERMAT
POTENTIAL - FOUR EXAMPLES - ODD-NUMBER THEOREM * CURVATURE AS
MAGNIFICATION * MODELING * HUBBLE CONSTANT * DISTANCE-REDSHIFT RELATIONS
* SYSTEM SCALE - TIME DIFFERENCE (TWO PATHS) * MASS OF LENS - EXAMPLE:
POINT-MASS LENS - Q 0957+561 12.6 STRONG AND WEAK LENSING 477 CREDITS,
FURTHER READING, AND REFERENCES 483 GLOSSARY 487 APPENDIX * UNITS,
SYMBOLS, AND VALUES 489 INDEX 493
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bradt, Hale 1930- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)128203536 |
| author_facet | Bradt, Hale 1930- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bradt, Hale 1930- |
| author_variant | h b hb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035277598 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QB461 |
| callnumber-raw | QB461 |
| callnumber-search | QB461 |
| callnumber-sort | QB 3461 |
| callnumber-subject | QB - Astronomy |
| classification_rvk | US 1000 US 2000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)163593708 (DE-599)OBVAC06611424 |
| dewey-full | 523.01 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 523 - Specific celestial bodies and phenomena |
| dewey-raw | 523.01 |
| dewey-search | 523.01 |
| dewey-sort | 3523.01 |
| dewey-tens | 520 - Astronomy and allied sciences |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Bibliografie |
| id | DE-604.BV035277598 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:30:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521846561 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017082861 |
| oclc_num | 163593708 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-83 DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-83 DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | XXVIII, 504 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bradt, Hale 1930- Verfasser (DE-588)128203536 aut Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena Hale Bradt 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XXVIII, 504 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Astrophysics Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 s DE-604 http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/538918497.pdf Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0729/2007031649-b.html Verlag Verlagsmeldung http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0729/2007031649-d.html Verlag Verlagsmeldung http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0729/2007031649-t.html Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017082861&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bradt, Hale 1930- Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena Astrophysics Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003326-0 (DE-588)4006432-3 |
| title | Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena |
| title_auth | Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena |
| title_exact_search | Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena |
| title_full | Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena Hale Bradt |
| title_fullStr | Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena Hale Bradt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena Hale Bradt |
| title_short | Astrophysics processes |
| title_sort | astrophysics processes the physics of astronomical phenomena |
| title_sub | the physics of astronomical phenomena |
| topic | Astrophysics Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astrophysics Astrophysik Bibliografie |
| url | http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/538918497.pdf http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0729/2007031649-b.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0729/2007031649-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0729/2007031649-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017082861&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bradthale astrophysicsprocessesthephysicsofastronomicalphenomena |
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