Ultrasound in chemistry: analytical applications
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
WILEY-VCH
2009
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3113005&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 157 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527319343 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ultrasound in chemistry |b analytical applications |c ed. by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez |
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Titel: Ultrasound in chemistry
Autor: Capelo-Martínez, José-Luis
Jahr: 2009
Contents
Preface XI
List of Contributors XIII
1 The Power of Ultrasound 1
Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and Josi-Luls Capelo-Martinez
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Cavitation 1
1.2.1 Parameters Affecting Ultrasonic Cavitation 3
1.2.1.1 Frequency 3
1.2.1.2 Intensity 4
1.2.1.3 Solvent 5
1.2.1.4 Temperature 5
1.2.1.5 External Pressure and Bubbled Gas 5
1.2.1.6 Direct and Indirect Ultrasonic Application 6
1.3 Common Ultrasonic Devices Used in Analytical Chemistry 6
1.3.1 Ultrasonic Bath 6
1.3.1.1 Types of Ultrasonic Baths 7
1.3.1.2 How to Locate the Most Efficient Place Inside an Ultrasonic Bath 8
1.3.1.3 Temperature Control 8
1.3.1.4 Shape and Material of Reaction Container 9
1.3.2 The Ultrasonic Probe 9
1.3.2.1 Parts of an Ultrasonic Probe 10
1.3.2.2 Types of Ultrasonic Probes 10
1.3.2.3 Dead Zones 11
1.3.2.4 How to Choose the Correct Ultrasonic Probe 12
1.3.2.5 Temperature Control 13
1.3.2.6 Shape and Material of Reaction Container 14
1.4 Current Ultrasonic Devices for New Analytical Applications 14
References 15
VI Contents
2 Ultrasonic Energy as a Tool for Sample Treatment for the Analysis
of Elements and Elemental Speciation 17
Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, andJosi-Luis Capelo-Martinez
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Parameters Influencing Element Ultrasonic Solid-Liquid
Extraction 17
2.2.1 Extracting Reagent 17
2.2.1.1 Extracting Reagents for Total Element Extraction 18
2.2.1.2 Extracting Reagents for Elemental Speciation 19
2.2.1.3 Extracting Reagents for Sequential Extraction Schemes 19
2.2.2 Matrix Properties 20
2.2.2.1 Type of Matrix 20
2.2.2.2 Mass of Matrix 20
2.2.2.3 Sample Size 22
2.2.3 Ultrasonic Device 22
2.2.3.1 Type of Ultrasonic Device 22
2.2.3.2 Time of Ultrasonication 23
2.2.3.3 Ultrasonic Amplitude 23
2.2.3.4 Ultrasonic Frequency 23
2.2.3.5 Temperature of Sonication 23
2.3 US-SLE from Soils and Sediments 24
2.4 US-SLE from Sewage Sludge 24
2.5 US-SLE Extraction from Plants 24
2.6 Extraction from Soft Tissues 27
2.7 Total Element Determination 27
2.7.1 US-SLE and US-SS for F-AAS 27
2.7.2 US-SLE and US-SS for ET-AAS 28
2.7.3 US-SLE and US-SS for CV and HG Employed with
AAS or AFS 28
2.8 Elemental Fractionation and Elemental Speciation 30
2.8.1 What is Speciation? 30
2.8.2 Shortening Sequential Fractionation Schemes 31
2.8.3 Speciation for Soils and Sediments 34
2.8.4 Speciation from Plants 34
2.8.5 Speciation from Soft Tissues 36
2.8.6 Speciation from Other Types of Samples 43
2.9 On-Line Applications 45
2.9.1 Open and Closed Systems 46
2.9.2 UB 47
2.9.3 UP 47
2.10 Current Trends 48
2.10.1 Accelerating Liquid-Liquid Extractions 48
2.10.2 Chemical Vapor Formation 49
2.11 Conclusion 49
References 50
Contents VII
3 Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction for the Analysis of Organic Compounds
by Chromatographic Techniques 55
Raquel Rial-Otero
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Overview of Classic and Modern Extraction Procedures for Organics 56
3.3 Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) 60
3.3.1 Basic Principles 60
3.3.2 Parameters Influencing Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction 61
3.3.2.1 Amount of Sample 61
3.3.2.2 Sample Particle Size 61
3.3.2.3 Extraction Solvent 61
3.3.2.4 pH of Extracting Solution 62
3.3.2.5 Solvent Volume 62
3.3.2.6 Sonic Power 62
3.3.2.7 Frequency 63
3.3.2.8 Extraction Time 63
3.3.2.9 Extraction Temperature 63
3.3.3 Applications 63
3.3.3.1 Liquid Samples 64
3.3.3.2 Solid Samples 64
3.3.3.3 Clean-Up 70
3.4 Coupling Ultrasound with Other Extraction Techniques 71
3.4.1 Coupling Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Ultrasound 71
3.4.1.1 Improving the Extraction Procedure in Direct-SPME 71
3.4.1.2 Improving the Extraction Procedure in HS-SPME 73
3.4.1.3 Facilitating the Desorption Process 73
3.4.2 Coupling Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and Ultrasound 74
3.5 Comparison between UAE and Other Extraction Techniques 75
3.6 Conclusion 76
References 77
4 Electrochemical Applications of Power Ultrasound 81
Neil Vaughan Rees and Richard Guy Compton
4.1 Introduction 81
4.2 Electrochemical Cell and Experimental Setup 87
4.3 Voltammetry Under Insonation 87
4.4 Trace Detection by Stripping Voltammetry 88
4.4.1 Classical Electroanalysis 89
4.4.2 Electroanalysis Facilitated by Ultrasound 90
4.4.3 Applications of Sono-Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (Sono-ASV) 90
4.5 Biphasic Sonoelectroanalysis 90
4.5.1 Determination of Lead in Petrol 90
4.5.2 Extraction and Determination of Vanillin 92
4.5.3 Detection of Copper in Blood 92
4.6 Microelectrodes and Ultrasound 93
VIII Contents
4.6.1 Insights into Bubble Dynamics 93
4.6.2 Measurement of Potentials of Zero Charge (PZC) 95
4.6.3 Particle Impact Experiments 96
4.7 Conclusion 102
References 103
5 Power Ultrasound Meets Protemics 107
Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, andJosi-Luis Capelo-Martinez
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Protein Identification through Mass-Based Spectrometry Techniques
and Peptide Mass Fingerprint 108
5.3 Classic In-Gel Protein Sample Treatment for Protein Identification
through Peptide Mass Fingerprint 108
5.4 Ultrasonic Energy for the Acceleration of In-Gel Protein Sample
Treatment for Protein Identification through Peptide Mass
Fingerprint 111
5.4.1 Washing, Reduction and Alkylation Steps 111
5.4.2 In-Gel Protein Digestion Process 113
5.4.2.1 Sample Handling 113
5.4.2.2 Sonication Volume 115
5.4.2.3 Sonication Time 215
5.4.2.4 Sonication Amplitude 225
5.4.2.5 Protein to Trypsin Ratio 125
5.4.2.6 Temperature 216
5.4.2.7 Solvent 216
5.4.2.8 Minimum Amount of Protein Identified 116
5.4.2.9 Reduction and Alkylation Steps 127
5.4.2.10 Comparison with Other Types of Rapid Sample Treatments 2 27
5.4.2.11 Influence of Protein Staining 217
5.5 Classic In-Solution Protein Sample Treatment for Protein Identification
through Peptide Mass Fingerprint 118
5.6 Ultrasonic Energy for the Acceleration of the In-Solution Protein
Sample Treatment for Protein Identification through Peptide
Mass Fingerprint 121
5.6.1 In-Solution Protein Denaturation 121
5.6.2 In-Solution Protein Reduction and Alkylation 122
5.6.3 In-Solution Protein Digestion 124
5.6.4 Clean In-Solution Protein Digestion 124
5.7 Conclusion 125
References 126
6 Beyond Analytical Chemistry 129
Carlos Lodeiro and Jose-Luis Capelo-Martinez
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 Sonochemistry for Organic Synthesis 129
Contents IX
6.3 Ultrasonic Enhanced Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials 137
6.4 Sonochemistry Applied to Polymer Science 139
6.4.1 Introduction to Polymers 139
6.4.2 Ultrasonication in Sample Treatment for Polymer
Characterization 140
6.4.2.1 Introduction to Polymer Characterization 140
6.4.2.2 Overview of Sample Preparation for MALDI Analysis of Polymers 141
6.4.2.3 Ultrasonic Energy as a Tool for Fast Sample Treatment for the
Characterization of Polymers by MALDI 142
6.4.3 Ultrasonic-Induced Polymer Degradation for Polymer
Characterization 145
6.4.4 Ultrasonication for the Preparation of Imprinted Polymers 145
6.5 Conclusion 148
References 148
Index 151 |
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| spelling | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications ed. by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez Weinheim WILEY-VCH 2009 XIII, 157 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Acoustic spectroscopy Chemistry, Analytic Sonochemistry Ultrasonic waves Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd rswk-swf Ultraschall (DE-588)4061555-8 gnd rswk-swf Ultraschall (DE-588)4061555-8 s Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 s DE-604 Capelo-Martínez, José-Luis Sonstige (DE-588)13688833X oth http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3113005&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017078213&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications Acoustic spectroscopy Chemistry, Analytic Sonochemistry Ultrasonic waves Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd Ultraschall (DE-588)4061555-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129906-1 (DE-588)4061555-8 |
| title | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications |
| title_auth | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications |
| title_exact_search | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications |
| title_full | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications ed. by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications ed. by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications ed. by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez |
| title_short | Ultrasound in chemistry |
| title_sort | ultrasound in chemistry analytical applications |
| title_sub | analytical applications |
| topic | Acoustic spectroscopy Chemistry, Analytic Sonochemistry Ultrasonic waves Analytische Chemie (DE-588)4129906-1 gnd Ultraschall (DE-588)4061555-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Acoustic spectroscopy Chemistry, Analytic Sonochemistry Ultrasonic waves Analytische Chemie Ultraschall |
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