Broń biała na Śląsku: XIV - XVI wiek
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Wrocław
Uniw. Wrocławski, Inst. Archeologii
2008
|
| Series: | Wratislavia Antiqua
10 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://wratislavia.archeo.uni.wroc.pl/index.php?sw=101 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 379 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788392109099 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Broń biała na Śląsku |b XIV - XVI wiek |c Lech Marek |
| 264 | 1 | |a Wrocław |b Uniw. Wrocławski, Inst. Archeologii |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a 379 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Wratislavia Antiqua |v 10 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804138550045704192 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
.......................................................................................................................................................9
Stan badań
..................................................................................................................................................... 13
I. Broń sieczna i
kolna
..........................................................................................................................15
1.
Puginały średniowieczne
...............................................................................................................15
A. Puginały nerkowe
....................................................................................................................17
Rękojeści
..................................................................................................................................18
Głownie
....................................................................................................................................19
Znaleziska śląskie
...................................................................................................................19
B. Puginały tarczowe
....................................................................................................................22
С
Sztylety
........................................................................................................................................24
Pochwy sztyletów
....................................................................................................................25
D. Basilardy
.....................................................................................................................................26
E. Noże bojowe
.............................................................................................................................27
F. Puginał z Niemczy
.....................................................................................................................29
2.
Puginały z
XVI
w
..........................................................................................................................31
A. Puginały mieczowe
....................................................................................................................31
B. Puginały landsknechtowskie
....................................................................................................32
Odmiana
1.................................................................................................................................32
Odmiana
2.................................................................................................................................33
Odmiana
3.................................................................................................................................35
Odmiana
4 ................................................................................................................................35
Odmiana
5.................................................................................................................................35
С
Puginały ślubne
..........................................................................................................................36
D. Lewaki
........................................................................................................................................37
3.
Tasaki i szable
..................................................................................................................................38
A. Tasaki średniowieczne
..............................................................................................................38
B. Tasaki z
XVI
wieku
...................................................................................................................41
С
Szable
..........................................................................................................................................41
Krótka szabla piechoty
.............................................................................................................42
Pałasz
.........................................................................................................................................43
4.
Kordy
................................................................................................................................................45
A. Kordy z głowicami kapturkowymi
...........................................................................................46
Kordy o głowniach typu I
.........................................................................................................46
Kordy o głowniach typu
II
.......................................................................................................49
Formy głowic
.............................................................................................................................56
B. Kordy o wysokich głowicach
.....................................................................................................57
Kordy o głowniach typu III
......................................................................................................59
Kordy o głowniach typu
IV
......................................................................................................60
Kordy o głowniach typu
V
.......................................................................................................61
Formy głowic
.............................................................................................................................62
С
Sposób noszenia kordów
..........................................................................................................64
D. Traktaty walki
............................................................................................................................66
5.
Miecze
...............................................................................................................................................68
A. Miecze średniowieczne
.............................................................................................................68
B. Miecze z
XVI
w
.........................................................................................................................74
Znaleziska śląskie
.....................................................................................................................76
(
w - t
-
.-.Itt
ι
I. WSTĘP
Sposób noszenia mieczy
...........................................................................................................80
С
Miecze dwuręczne
......................................................................................................................81
II.
Broń drzewcowa
...................................................................................................................................85
l.Włócznie, kopie, oszczepy,
partyzány i
korseki
.............................................................................85
A. Groty deltoidalne
......................................................................................................................85
Groty o zmiennym przekroju tulei
..........................................................................................85
Groty z ością i okrągłą w przekroju tuleją
.............................................................................86
Groty z tuleją wielokątną w przekroju na całej długości
.......................................................87
Włócznie z ością nie zachodzącą na tuleję
..............................................................................88
Partyzány
...................................................................................................................................89
B.
Włócznie o romboidalnym kształcie liścia
..............................................................................90
С
Groty włóczni z żebrem
............................................................................................................90
D. Oszczepy
....................................................................................................................................91
E. Groty kopii
.................................................................................................................................92
F. Zabytki z Sokolca jako zwierciadło ewolucji grotów włóczni późnośredniowiecznych
.......93
Groty z tuleją krótszą lub równą długości liścia
.....................................................................94
Groty o tulei zdobionej pierścieniami
.....................................................................................95
Groty o liściu średniej długości, czworokątnym w przekroju
................................................95
Groty ze skrzydłami
..................................................................................................................95
Groty spis szydłowatych z krótkim, wierzbowatym liściem
...................................................97
Groty spis szydłowatych bez wyodrębnionego liścia
..............................................................98
G. Włócznie w świetle źródeł pisanych
......................................................................................100
H. Włócznie w europejskich podręcznikach walki
....................................................................102
2.
Glewie
.............................................................................................................................................104
3.
Gizarmy
..........................................................................................................................................106
4.
Halabardy
.......................................................................................................................................107
A. Drzewce halabard
...................................................................................................................124
5.
Broń spokrewniona z halabardą
..................................................................................................127
A. Młot i topór lucerneński
........................................................................................................127
B. Topory taborowe
.....................................................................................................................128
6.
Piki
..................................................................................................................................................131
7.
Urazy spowodowane bronią drzewcowa
......................................................................................134
III. Broń obuchowa
.................................................................................................................................135
1.
Czekany i topory
............................................................................................................................135
A. Późnośredniowieczny topór do rzucania
..............................................................................138
B. Znaki i zdobienia na broni obuchowej z terenu Śląska
.......................................................140
2.
Goedendag na
Śląsku
....................................................................................................................142
3.
Wekiery
...........................................................................................................................................146
4.
Cepy bojowe
...................................................................................................................................147
Zakończenie
..................................................................................................................................................148
Katalog zabytków
........................................................................................................................................ 152
Katalog rycin
................................................................................................................................................ 174
Bibliografia
..................................................................................................................................................365
Summary
...................................................................................................................................................376
SUMMARY
Medieval infantry weapons, according to a com¬
mon view, were used by villains, felons and merce¬
naries, people without honor who were usually in
opposition to the bold and knightly nobility. This
distinction is also well entrenched in the literature
on arms and armor, where one can find weapons
described as plebeian or knightly weapons. This
study departs from the conventional view of this
discrimination. The collected archeological,
icono¬
graphie
and historical data, reveals the difficulty in
drawing a sharp, well defined borderline between
late-medieval plebeian and knightly arms and ar¬
mor. Neither the origin of weapons nor their users
can be treated as a base for the division. Moreover
ideological reasons never overruled the practical as¬
pects in the choice of arms. For example Frederick I
Barbarossa, in
the 12th cent, was especially concerned
to limit the freedom of bearing arms to the nobil¬
ity. In
1152
he forbade peasants to use spears and
swords and in
1186
he had to remind them not to
copy knights in this respect. This situation discloses
that the king s orders were highly ineffective. The
famous 13th cent. Silesian Book of the
Henryków
Monastery, mentions that the monks were taking
care of a handicapped Polish peasant called Kwiecik,
who had his hand terribly wounded by a sword. This
account suggests that the peasants of Silesia were
well accustomed at that time with the traditionally
noble art of war. It s worth mentioning, that at the
turn of the
Іб 1
cent., many representatives of nobility
served as common soldiers in the ranks of German
mercenary infantry
-
the so called landsknechts.
Therefore the adjectives plebeian or knightly
referring to the investigated arms was regarded as
inadequate for the title of this dissertation. The term
arms is also imprecise because it requires an addi¬
tional study on projectile weapons, which is beyond
the scope of this work. Eventually, a term which does
not have it s precise and professional counterpart in
English was chosen for the title. Literarily it may be
translated as „cold weapons (it is parallel in mean¬
ing to the German
Blankwaffen
and Czech
-
Chladne
Zbrane ).
These include the arms used for hand-to-
hand-combat by knight or man at arms from the 14th-
16th cent, like edged, blunt and staff- weapons.
The analyses of medieval and renaissance arti¬
facts from Silesia increasingly convinced the author,
that many aspects of military technology seen in
this region have their origins in remote Western-
European areas. The investigation of Silesian late-
medieval and renaissance weapons, if limited only to
regional studies, would produce simply a catalogue
of archeological finds and iconography, which was
not the main objective of this work. Therefore
numerous references to the Western-European
studies, included in this dissertation, in my opinion,
were absolutely essential to explain many problems
tackled in this paper. Multiethnic and multicultural
background of Silesia is fully confirmed by archeo¬
logical, historical and iconographical data.
Novelties in the development of arms and armor
in the region pervaded from centers of authority such
as ducal courts, where foreign guests brought their
own weapons, often peculiar to the natives. In the
late mediaeval period, influences from Bohemia are
recognizable in Silesian arms and armor of the 13th
cent. This can be explained partially by the political
dependence of the Vratislavian duke Henry the Just
on his mighty liege lord
Przemysł
Otokar
П.
In the 13th and 14th cent., which was the period
of great foreign colonization of Silesia, the Flemish
and German settlers brought their native traditions
in weapon manufacture. The newcomers were
obliged by location contracts and special charters
to serve the duke and defend the newly inhabited
land in case of war or hostile raids. The medieval
accounts confirm that they served their lords well.
The author of the 14th cent. Chronica
principům
Poloniae mentions about Flemish settlers from
the Silesian Wierzbno and Janikowo villages, who
defeated enemy knights raiding the land of their
sovereign
-
duke
Bolesław.
376
SUMMARY
The temporary use of a national medieval weap¬
on of the Flemish, probably known as the
goedendag
-
was recorded in the course of this research. This
characteristic weapon consisted of a club-like
wooden shaft with a spike on the top, encircled by a
stabilizing ferrule.
Iconographie
evidence for the use
of this Flemish arm presented in this work (Fig. 186e),
proves that Silesia, at the turn of the 14th cent., was not
an isolated or countrified region, absorbing the most up-
to-date trends in military technology. It is noteworthy
that in this period infantry armies, using distinctive
and in most cases decisive tactics won numerous vic¬
tories over knightly cavalry. The constancy of infantry
victories in the
1.
half of the 14th cent, as stressed by
the superb scholar on medieval warfare
-
K.
de Vries
-
may surprise someone, but no less surprising should
be the uniformity in tactics used by infantry armies of
the time all across western Europe.
Probably, during the same period, halberds
were introduced in Silesia. It was a weapon which
originated in Switzerland from a long-shafted battle
axe. Although there are some scholars which are
convinced that it evolved from a gardening imple¬
ment used for cutting branches; this point of view was
rejected during research. Thorough investigation on
medieval and renaissance works of art convinced
the author, that despite a wide spread view, the
overwhelming evidence indicates that they are quite
reliable in depicting the development of halberds
throughout the centuries.
Both Silesian scholars
-
J. Neugebauer
(1876,
s.
4)
and A. Igert
(1939,
s.
8)
provide information
on the earliest account about the use of halberds in
Silesia: in
1337
during the visit of John of Luxem¬
bourg, king of Bohemia in
Wrocław,
the townsmen
equipped with halberds, securing the king s arrival,
were obliged to guard the streets. This assertion
appeared in the work
Historia incendiorum....
from
1737
by a known traveler and amateur-researcher D.
Gomolcke, for the first time. However, this account
wasn t based on any medieval documents, which
makes it less reliable than other sources. Information
about the use of halberds in
Wrocław
at so early date
can t be totally rejected though, because it concerns
John of Luxenbourg, who, led by his own experience,
could even demand a guard consisted of halberdiers.
In
1330
Luxembourg was a mediator in the conflict
between Emperor
Ludwig
IV of Bavaria and Duke
Otto of Austria. The emperor assembled an army
of Swiss mercenaries from Canton Glarus for the
coming war. John of Luxembourg saw their ranks
at the emperor s camp near
Colmar.
A medieval
chronicle provides us with a detailed description of
this event and the impression that halberds made on
the Bohemian king, when he saw them for the first
time. The account reads:
RexBoemus
(...),
vidisqueeorum
instrumenta
bel¬
lica et
vasa interfectionis gesa, dicta vulgañ helnbarton,
a[d]mirans
ait:
„o quam terribilis aspectus
est istius
cunei eum
suis instrumentis
horribilibus
et non
modi¬
cum
metuendis! (Gessler
1927,
s.
71).
The earliest archeological find of a halberd frag¬
ment from Silesia, is dated to the
2.
half of the 15th
cent. A general conclusion on the collected archeo¬
logical and historical data from Silesia is that hal¬
berds, like elsewhere, developed from simple fight¬
ing weapons with
a trapezoid
head and two sockets
through serviceable forms with heads consisting up
to
10
iron and steel elements welded together in the
2.
half of the
lő 1
cent, towards purely ornamental
and heraldic pieces, not belligerent ones. These were
usually arms for bodyguards of civil and ecclesiastic
nobility, later on used as the insignia of lower rank
officers in infantry. In a degenerated form, from
the 16th cent, onwards, the halberd became a mere
thrusting weapon.
Interesting, decorative, skillfully etched examples
dated to
1609,
which once belonged to the Breslau-
Tanners guild are still kept in the castle museum
of
Pszczyna.
Numerous infantry weapons which originated in
the 14th cent, had gone through a similar fate as the
halberds. The constant evolution of the two-handed
sword resembles the development of halberd.
Initially the weapon was suitable for combat. In the
second half of the 16th cent, the hilts of two-handers
became monstrous in size, fantastic, ornamental and
cumbersome. A characteristic, purely decorative
flame-shaped blade called flamberg also appeared
in this period. In the 16th cent. Styrian town armory
inventories listed such arms, which lacked any of
the grace of the fighting weapon as
Symbolische
Schlachtschwerter (Symbolic battle swords). The
term appears also in castle armory inventories
from Silesia in the 16th- 17th cent., such as the one
which lists the arms and armor of duke
Ludwig
IV
of Legnica.
The wide spread use of fire-arms in the mid 16th
cent, consequently eliminated some kinds of heavy
and awkward staff-weapons and two-handers from the
ranks of infantry. Exceptionally, during a very short
period of time in the
17
cent., a renaissance of bat¬
tle halberds can be observed in Switzerland. Popular
halberds of the 17th cent., usually called the Zurich
variant of the Sempach type, are often mistaken in the
literature for medieval 15th cent, specimens.
The only category of weapons, which developed
in a constant and undisturbed evolution, from 14th to
377
SUMMARY
Іб 1
cent, were side arms, as swords, rapiers, falchions
and daggers. Comparative analyses of works of art
and archeological artifacts proved that there were
no significant differences between swords, rapiers
and daggers used by the nobility, and those of the
plebeian infantry.
Side-arms are the most common archeological
finds. This phenomenon could be easily explained
by the real flourishing of these weapons among all
casts of the late medieval society. They were worn by
knights, men at arms, but also townsmen, laborers
and peasants on every day occasions.
Cumbersome staff weapons and two-handed
swords, in turn, were stored usually in town armories
or houses. Seldom used, these arms were engaged
primarily in case of war. Therefore they are rare
among archeological artifacts.
A great variety of daggers and fighting knives
from Silesia was recorded during research (Fig.
1-32).
Among original specimens and ikonographi-
cal sources from the
14th-15th
cent, one can find
forms analogous to the Western-European dagger
and fighting knife
-
types (Fig. 4a,c). The presence
of such finds in the Silesian region could be a con¬
sequence of trade relations between
Wrocław,
the
German
Hansa,
the towns of Flanders, or of etnical
relations of the newcoming settlers to their native,
remote regions of Europe.
Renaissance sandstone-grave-slabs of Silesian
noblemen are especially valuable for studies on the
development of daggers and fighting knives of the
Іб 1
cent. Distinguishable, individual features of
these weapons depicted on them, can be easily found
in the existing artifacts, which proves that grave
effigies from the 16th cent, are a reliable source of
information in the matter.
The undertaken analysis suggests that the dag¬
gers from the grave-slabs are those, which were once
private side-arms of the sitters. While investigating
these effigies one needs precaution though. The date
on the slab does not necessarily corespond with it s
true chronology, which was confirmed in a course
of further research.
With respect to the absence of a strict distinction
between plebeian and knightly arms in the discussed
period, finding the, so called, landsknecht daggers,
characteristic for German infantry on the grave slabs
of the Silesian nobility (Fig. 25a), was not a great
surprise. Among these depictions of landsknecht
daggers there is a group characteristic for Germany
and Silesia dated to the last quarter of the
Іб 1
cent.
(Fig. 30a). Daggers of this distinctive type, existing
in Italian collections, are regarded as Silesian in
the Western-European-literature. At the end of the
Іб 1
cent, another form gained its popularity
-
the
so called left hand dagger. It was an adjunct to the
sword, an auxiliary weapon for the left hand used
to deflect both cuts and thrusts of the opponent s
sword.
General conclusion, drawn from investigations
of 16th cent, works of art and archeological weapon
finds, is that many aspects of military technology
were strongly influenced by developments in Ger¬
man arms and armor. The main reason for that could
be the stronger political dependence of Silesia on the
Habsburg
Empire from
1526
onwards.
The diffusion of most recent developments in
weapons was also facilitated by conflicts. This phe¬
nomenon is especially well documented in Silesia
during the Hussite Wars in the
1.
half of the 15th
cent. Numerous forms are either imports from the
territory of Bohemia or directly inspired by the
Bohemian achievements in the field of arms and
armor of this time.
Brass plated hand-hammers and axes are espe¬
cially noteworthy in this respect (Fig.
189-191).
The characteristic decoration would be vulner¬
able to wear if the axe was used as a handy-craft
tool. This determines its main role
-
as a weapon
or insignia. In Poland the Silesian region, with very
few exceptions, is a strictly isolated area of brass-
plated hammer and axe finds. The constant feature
of these artifacts is the decoration of brass bands,
sometimes ornamented with geometrical patterns.
Morphological diversity within this group is of sec¬
ondary significance to the assessment of their origin.
Their appearance in Silesia in relation to the Hussite
Wars can be proved by several facts:
Primarily, analogous finds to the artifacts from Si¬
lesia (Legnica,
Trzebnica
(2
specimens),
Namysłów,
Wąsosz, Wrocław)
were recorded almost exclusively
in Bohemia (Veltava near
Palacki
Bridge in Prague,
Prague-Podskali). Secondly, more than half of the ar¬
cheological find places for the brass plated axes from
Silesia is confirmed by written accounts as regions of
intensive military activity during the Hussite Wars.
Therefore dating of these artifacts to the
1.
half of
the 15th cent, is highly probable. One of the axes,
identified by the author as being found in
Trzebnica
in the 19th cent., is especially worth of attention. In
a cross section it is asymmetrically flattened on one
side, which is a common characteristic of carpen¬
ter s axes. On the other hand, the decoration of the
convex side with brass inlay excludes the possibility
that it could be used as a handicraft-tool.
To author s opinion the rich embellishment of
the axes can not be treated as a distinctive charac¬
teristic of knightly weapons, in spite the conclusions
of former German scholars, who analyzed some of
these Silesian finds. The fascinating aspect of late
378
SUMMARY
medieval blunt and staff- weapon decoration is the
appearance of magical symbols, which were already
well known by the Greeks and Romans in Antiquity
(Figs
183-185).
These letters, described in the an¬
cient accounts as characteres later on, were used by
the Jews in
Kabala
practices. The ornament resem¬
bling this kind of magical alphabet on late-medieval
axe and spear-heads could be initially influenced by
the gnostic tradition brought to Europe by the
Katars
and similar movements.
Another category of Silesian arms, which can be
regarded as Bohemian in origin are the so-called awl
spears. They had a long spike round in cross-section,
sometimes ended with an acute point (Fig.139-140)
or a broad short leaf shape blade (Fig.
141).
The
latter resembled early Germanic spears called ango
and, therefore are very often mistaken in the litera¬
ture for their early medieval predecessors. All of
the finds from Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland
were encountered in late medieval contexts, usually
castles. A collection of
11
spear-heads of this type
was excavated in castle Sokolec near
Jelenia Góra.
Numerous analogies from Bohemia, and written
sources referring to the history of this castle, confirm
the 15th cent, chronology of the infantry spear heads
from Sokolec.
Probably the wide spread use of falchions in
Silesia dates also to the Hussite times, although
as proved by works of art, the weapon was already
known in this region at the end of the 14th cent.
It is difficult to provide any date earlier than the
1
half of the 15th to falchion-finds from Silesia.
Most probably the excavated falchions and fight¬
ing knives from
Górzec
near
Męcinka, Muszkowice
and Niemcza (the mighty stronghold of the Hussites
in Silesia) are directly related to the Hussite Wars.
Bohemian influences in Silesia are noticeable
also in some distinctive forms of falchions, which
are encountered almost exclusively among finds
from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The so called
Moravian type falchion found in
Gorzów Śląski, pow.
oleski
is a representative of this group (Fig.
61).
The investigations of Silesian falchion forms,
their construction and manufacture technique leads
to a conclusion that at the beginning of the 15th cent,
there is a noticeable predominance of forms with
narrow
-
thrusting blades. Later on, broad blades
with less acute points become more popular. At the
turn of the
16
cent, bill shaped pommels, which
enabled delivering better and more accurate cutting
blows and disabled thrusting techniques, became in¬
creasingly popular. The fact that fighting techniques
with the use of falchion are the mere consequence
of the falchions construction is confirmed by late
medieval fencing manuals. The method of falchion
combat by H. Talhoffer from
1459
г.,
where thrusting
techniques are engaged, requires different weapons
than the one based on cuts, presented by the same
author in a manual published
8
years later (Figs
65,66).
In the decoration of falchions and the form
their side guards (Fig.
47
d-k) one can find numerous
motifs characteristic for the knightly culture, such as
the pilgrim s shell of St. James
-
the patron of crusad¬
ing knights
(Matamoros
-
the one who defeats the
Moorish), the lily and star (Stella Mans)
-
symbols
that stand for Virgin Mary.
Tedious analysis convinced the author that
the common definition of the falchion as a single
edged weapon has to be corrected. In the course
of research, numerous double edged falchions
from Poland were encountered (Fig.
41).
One was
excavated in
Wrocław (Fig.
63-64).
Probably these
specimens were manufactured by sword-makers
which is confirmed by sword-maker-marks on double
edged blades (Fig.
4
le, f).
Single edged weapons
were rather produced by cutlers.
Iconographie
sources proved to be reliable and
precise in reflecting development of the falchion-
construction through centuries. The weapons which
are depicted on Silesian gothic altar pieces are strik¬
ingly analogous to excavated examples found across
the region (Fig.
63;
Fig.
76) .
Even maker-marks
identical to those, which appear in art, had been
recorded on archeological finds (Fig. 58b, c).
There is but one main conclusion to this study:
The investigated weapons bear the trace of the most
up to date multicultural and multiethnic influences
in arms and armor production of Western and Cen¬
tral Europe. Therefore it is difficult to distinguish a
novelty that seems to have been Silesian in origin and
to have been used almost exclusively there. The pres¬
ence of Western-European trends of military tech¬
nology in Silesia resulted from: far distance trade
relations of the towns, military conflicts, contacts
with the new-coming settlers during the coloniza¬
tion movement, political dependence of the region
and eventually the role of elites in proliferation of
new ideas. The development of weapons in Silesia is
similar in many aspects to the general evolution of
arms and armor characteristic for Central Europe.
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
Mönchen
379
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Marek, Lech |
| author_facet | Marek, Lech |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Marek, Lech |
| author_variant | l m lm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035265216 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)299956941 (DE-599)BVBBV035265216 |
| era | Geschichte 1250-1700 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1250-1700 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Schlesien (DE-588)4052678-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Schlesien |
| id | DE-604.BV035265216 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:29:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788392109099 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017070680 |
| oclc_num | 299956941 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 379 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Uniw. Wrocławski, Inst. Archeologii |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Wratislavia Antiqua |
| series2 | Wratislavia Antiqua |
| spelling | Marek, Lech Verfasser aut Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek Lech Marek Wrocław Uniw. Wrocławski, Inst. Archeologii 2008 379 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wratislavia Antiqua 10 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1250-1700 gnd rswk-swf Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 gnd rswk-swf Schlesien (DE-588)4052678-1 gnd rswk-swf Schlesien (DE-588)4052678-1 g Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 s Geschichte 1250-1700 z DE-604 Wratislavia Antiqua 10 (DE-604)BV013887016 10 Internet http://wratislavia.archeo.uni.wroc.pl/index.php?sw=101 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017070680&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017070680&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Marek, Lech Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek Wratislavia Antiqua Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072487-6 (DE-588)4052678-1 |
| title | Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek |
| title_auth | Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek |
| title_exact_search | Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek |
| title_full | Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek Lech Marek |
| title_fullStr | Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek Lech Marek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Broń biała na Śląsku XIV - XVI wiek Lech Marek |
| title_short | Broń biała na Śląsku |
| title_sort | bron biala na slasku xiv xvi wiek |
| title_sub | XIV - XVI wiek |
| topic | Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hieb- und Stoßwaffe Schlesien |
| url | http://wratislavia.archeo.uni.wroc.pl/index.php?sw=101 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017070680&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017070680&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013887016 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mareklech bronbiałanaslaskuxivxviwiek |