Functional and molecular glycobiology:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
BIOS Scientific Publ.
2002
|
| Series: | Advanced text
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 354 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 1859960227 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Functional and molecular glycobiology |c S.A. Brooks, M.V. Dwek, U. Schumacher |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Functional & molecular glycobiology |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b BIOS Scientific Publ. |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a xvi, 354 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Advanced text | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Glycoconjugates | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Glycoconjugates |x Physiological effect | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbohydrates | |
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Record in the Search Index
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Contents
Acknowledgements xi
Abbreviations xii
Glossary of terms xiv
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Plate 1 xx
1 An introduction to carbohydrate chemistry 1
Introduction 1
What are carbohydrates? 1
Monosaccharides are aldoses and ketoses 2
A carbon atom may be asymmetric - the concept of chirality 2
Monosaccharide 'family trees' 4
D-Forms and L-forms of carbohydrates 5
Numbering the carbon atoms in a monosaccharide molecule 7
(+) and (—) forms of carbohydrates 8
The concept of epimerization 8
Monosaccharides form ring structures 9
How the rings are formed - the formation of hemiacetals and hemiketals 11
Monosaccharide a- and p-anomers 14
Equilibrium between different structures 15
Examples of some biologically important monosaccharides 15
Examples of some important monosaccharide derivatives 17
The linking together of monosaccharides to form chains 22
a- and (3-glycosidic bonds 24
Different linkages 25
Conventions for describing oligosaccharides 26
Reducing sugars 27
Examples of biologically important disaccharides 28
Ways of illustrating oligosaccharide chains 29
The complex carbohydrate structure database (CCSD) 30
Further reading 30
2 Enzymes of glycosylation - the glycosyltransferases 31
Introduction 31
Enzymes of glycosylation - glycosidases and glycosyltransferases 31
Nomenclature of glycosyltransferases 33
Initiation of glycosylation by glycosyltransferases 33
! Building oligosaccharides - transglycosylation reactions 34
vi Contents
Sugar donors 34
The 'one enzyme-one linkage' rule - and exceptions to it 34
Cation and pH requirements of glycosyltransferases 35
Localization of glycosyltransferases along the secretory pathway 35
Substrate recognition by glycosyltransferases 36
Glycosyltransferase 'families' 37
The molecular structure and organization of glycosyltransferases 42
Cell-surface and secreted forms of glycosyltransferases 43
Regulation of glycosyltransferase expression and activity 44
Evidence for the function of glycans derived from glycosyltransferase mutants 45
Further reading 47
3 Polysaccharides 49
Introduction - how are polysaccharides denned? 49
Structural polysaccharides 52
Gums, mucilages and other plant polysaccharides 65
Storage polysaccharides 67
Further reading 72
4 N-Linked glycoproteins 73
What are N-linked glycoproteins? 73
Biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides 73
Common structural features of N-linked oligosaccharides and the
generation of structural diversity 82
Functions of N-linked oligosaccharides 86
Further reading 88
5 O-Linked (mucin-type) glycoproteins 89
What are O-linked glycoproteins? 89
The relationship between N-linked and O-linked glycoproteins 89
Types of O-linked glycoproteins 89
Structure of O-linked mucin-type glycoproteins 90
An overview of the biosynthesis of O-linked glycoproteins 92
Synthesis of O-linked glycans 93
Glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in O-linked oligosaccharide synthesis 102
Regulation of O-glycan synthesis 102
Where does O-glycosylation take place? 103
The MUC family of mucin genes 105 ,
Other membrane-bound mucin-like glycoproteins 109
Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides and their relationship with mucins 109
Other cell membrane-associated mucin molecules 110
Functions of O-linked mucins 111
Further reading 115
6 O-GlcNAc glycosylation of nuclear and cytosolic proteins 117
Introduction - O-GlcNAc protein glycosylation 117
The functions of O-GlcNAc modification and its interrelationship with
phosphorylation 117
Synthesis and cleavage of the O-GlcNAc linkage 119
Functions of the O-GlcNAc modification 120
Further reading 127
Contents vii
7 Species-specific and unusual types of glycoprotein glycosylation 129
Introduction 129
Glycosylation of prokaryotic glycoproteins 129
Glycosylation of yeast and fungal proteins 133
Glycosylation in plants 135
Protein glycosylation in insects 143
Unusual vertebrate glycosylation: the glycohormones 146
Glycosylation of nuclear and cytoplasmic glycoproteins and proteoglycans 149
Unusual types of O-linked glycosylation 150
Glycogen synthesis and glycogenin 154
Glc(al-7.2)Gaip-O-hydroxylysine 154
N-Linked Glcp-Asn 154
C-Mannosylation 154
The Gal(al- 3)Gal antigen and xenotransplantation 154
Further reading 155
8 Glycoconjugates of the extracellular matrix of animals 157
Introduction - definition of the extracellular matrix 157
The fibroblast - producer of the extracellular matrix 158
Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix 160
The protein backbone of glycosaminoglycans 166
Biosynthesis of proteoglycans 167
Functions of the glycosaminoglycans 167
Glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix 169
Basal lamina 170
Further reading 173
9 Glycosphingolipids 175
Introduction 175
Structure of GSL • 175
Location of GSL 175
Biosynthesis of GSL 176
Nomenclature 180
Degradation 181
The distribution of GSL 181
Function of GSL 184
GSL receptors for pathogens 185
Further reading 185
10 Glycan chain extension and some common and important
glycan structures 187
Introduction 187
Type 1 to 6 chains 187
Polylactosamines 188
Histo-blood group sugars 188
The ABO blood group system 189
The Lewis system 193
The I and i antigens 198
Pk, P and Pj antigens 199
'Abnormal' blood group sugars: T, Tn, Cad and Tk 200
Fucosylation 201
viii Contents
Sialylation 201
Further modification 202
Further reading 202
11 Sialic acids 203
Occurrence 203
Types, modifications and linkages of sialic acids 203
Biosynthesis and metabolism of sialic acids 205
Sialylation of oligosaccharides: the sialyltransferases and regulation of
their activity 206
Desialylation 207
Methods for analysing sialic acids 208
Sialic acid-binding lectins 209
General functions of sialic acids 209
Polysialic acid 218
Functional consequences of disrupted sialylation 220
Further reading 220
12 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins 221
Prevalence 221
Structure 221
Models for studying the biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins 222
Biosynthetic steps 223
Glycosylation of GPI-anchored proteins 224
The function of GPI anchors 225
Further reading 226
13 Carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) 227
What are lectins? 227
A brief history 227
Nomenclature 229
Lectin families 230
Carbohydrate-binding specificity 232
Blood group-specific lectins 233
Distribution and function of lectins 233
Occurrence and functions of plant lectins 234
Bacterial, viral and protozoan lectins 236
Slime mould lectins 237
Invertebrate lectins 237
Vertebrate lectins 237
Lectins as tools in carbohydrate analysis 247
Lectins in the diagnosis of infections, drug targeting and toxic conjugates for
directed cell killing 247
Further reading 248
14 Tools for carbohydrate analysis 249
Introduction - the range of tools and methods available 249
The use of lectins 249
Analysis of glycoproteins by SDS-PAGE and Western electroblotting 258
Proteome analysis 261
Preparation of glycoproteins for oligosaccharide analysis 262
Release of glycans 262
_^ Contents ix
Detecting oligosaccharides 264
Oligosaccharide separation and mapping by HPLC 265
Separation and mapping of oligosaccharides by fluorophore-assisted
carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) 266
Separation and mapping of oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis 266
Oligosaccharide analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance 267
Determining the mass of an oligosaccharide using mass spectrometry 267
Methods for determining the linkage position of monosaccharides in
oligosaccharides 268
Thin-layer chromatography of glycolipids 269
Further reading 269
15 Modulation of glycan expression using inhibitors of N- and
O-linked glycoconjugate processing, and transgenic technology 271
Introduction 271
Complete deglycosylation by chemical and enzymatic methods 271
Complete deglycosylation by expression in bacterial systems 271
Lectin-resistant cell lines 271
Glycosylation inhibitors 272
Inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation 272
O-Linked glycoprotein inhibitors 280
Glycosylation engineering 281
Experimental addition and deletion of glycosyltransferase genes in cell culture 281
Transgenic animals 282
Further reading 285
16 Disease processes in which carbohydrates are involved 287
Introduction 287
Infectious diseases 287
Leukocyte recruitment in inflammation 291
Changes in glycosylation of leukosialin with differentiation,
immune deficiency and malignancy 293
Glycosylation and HIV infection 294
Cancer metastasis 295
Altered glycoforms of IgG in rheumatoid arthritis 303
Inherited disorders in glycan biosynthesis 304
Inborn errors in carbohydrate catabolism: abnormal catabolism
of glycoconjugates - the lysosomal storage diseases 308
Further reading 312
17 Carbohydrate-based therapeutics 313
Introduction 313
Carbohydrate-based drugs and therapeutic compounds 313
Therapeutic glycoconjugates 314
Carbohydrates in imaging studies 315
Carbohydrates in drug delivery 316
Genetic disorders of carbohydrate synthesis or metabolism 317
Anti-inflammatory therapies 318
Transplant rej ection mediated by carbohydrates 319
Inhibitors of microbial, viral and parasitic infection 323
Anti-cancer therapies and vaccines 326
Further reading 327
x Contents
18 Carbohydrate biotechnology 329
Introduction 329
Barriers to chemical synthesis of carbohydrate compounds - why
biotechnology is so important 329
The current state of carbohydrate biotechnology 329
Use of enzymes in aqueous solution and in solid-phase systems to
produce and modify carbohydrates 330
Expression cloning of glycosyltransferases 336
Glyco-mimetic peptides 342
Potential uses of lectins in biotechnology 342
Some applications of carbohydrate biotechnology in the food,
pharmaceutical and related industries 343
Further reading 345
Index 346 |
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| spelling | Brooks, Susan A. Verfasser aut Functional and molecular glycobiology S.A. Brooks, M.V. Dwek, U. Schumacher Functional & molecular glycobiology Oxford BIOS Scientific Publ. 2002 xvi, 354 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advanced text Includes bibliographical references and index Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Carbohydrates Glykobiologie (DE-588)7554628-0 gnd rswk-swf Glykokonjugate (DE-588)4131221-1 gnd rswk-swf Glykobiologie (DE-588)7554628-0 s DE-604 Glykokonjugate (DE-588)4131221-1 s Dwek, Miriam V. Sonstige oth Schumacher, Udo 1956-2024 Sonstige (DE-588)139327258 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0653/2006271960-d.html Publisher description HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017066234&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Brooks, Susan A. Functional and molecular glycobiology Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Carbohydrates Glykobiologie (DE-588)7554628-0 gnd Glykokonjugate (DE-588)4131221-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7554628-0 (DE-588)4131221-1 |
| title | Functional and molecular glycobiology |
| title_alt | Functional & molecular glycobiology |
| title_auth | Functional and molecular glycobiology |
| title_exact_search | Functional and molecular glycobiology |
| title_full | Functional and molecular glycobiology S.A. Brooks, M.V. Dwek, U. Schumacher |
| title_fullStr | Functional and molecular glycobiology S.A. Brooks, M.V. Dwek, U. Schumacher |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional and molecular glycobiology S.A. Brooks, M.V. Dwek, U. Schumacher |
| title_short | Functional and molecular glycobiology |
| title_sort | functional and molecular glycobiology |
| topic | Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Carbohydrates Glykobiologie (DE-588)7554628-0 gnd Glykokonjugate (DE-588)4131221-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Glycoconjugates Glycoconjugates Physiological effect Carbohydrates Glykobiologie Glykokonjugate |
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