Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Leipzig
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ
2008
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| Series: | PhD dissertation
2008,15 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Auch als Internetausgabe |
| Physical Description: | 97 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems |c von Stefan Hempel |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leipzig |b Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ |c 2008 | |
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| adam_text | Titel: Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems
Autor: Hempel, Stefan
Jahr: 2008
Contents
Contents
List of tables ................................................................................ 1
List of figures ................................................................................ 2
Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................... 3
1.1 What are mycorrhizas? ............................................................... 3
1.2 Arbuscular mycorrhiza - morphology and phylogeny .......................... 3
1.3 Why are arbuscular mycorrhizas ecologically important? .................. 5
1.4 Ecological studies on arbuscular mycorrhizas .................................... 6
1.5 The DIVA Jena program within the BIOLOG framework .................. 7
1.6 Objectives and structure of this thesis ............................................. 8
Chapter 2: Differences in the species composition of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi in spore, root and soil communities in a grassland ecosystem ... 9
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 9
2.2 Experimental procedures ............................................................... 10
2.2.1 Fieldsite ....................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Root, spore and soil sampling from the field .......................... 10
2.2.3 DNA extraction and nested PCR ............................................. 11
2.2.4 Cloning and sequencing ...................................................... 12
2.2.5 Sequence analyses ............................................................... 12
2.2.6 Calculation of rarefaction and statistical analysis .................. 13
2.3. Results ................................................................................ 14
2.4 Discussion ................................................................................ 19
Chapter 3: Interactive effects of mycorrhizae and a hemiparasite on plant
community productivity and diversity ...................................................... 22
3.1 Introduction ....................................................................... 22
3.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................... 24
3.2.1 Studysystem ............................................................... 24
3.2.2 Experiment 1: Multi-species experiment .................................... 25
3.2.2.1 Experimental set-up and design .................................... 25
3.2.2.2 Data collection ...................................................... 26
3.2.3 Experiment 2: Single-species experiment .................................... 27
3.2.3.1 Experimental set-up and design .................................... 27
3.2.3.2 Data collection ...................................................... 28
3.2.4 Statistical analysis ............................................................... 28
3.3 Results ................................................................................ 30
3.3.1 Mycorrhizal colonization ...................................................... 30
3.3.2 Effect of AMF on plant - hemiparasite interactions .................. 30
3.3.3 Response of the grassland community to different AMF treatments...... 34
3.3.4 Response of the hemiparasite to different AMF treatments ......... 36
3.3.5 Responses of single grown plant species to AMF and importance of
indirect effects ....................................................................... 37
3.4 Discussion ................................................................................ 39
3.4.1 Mycorrhizal fungi generate the negative effect of the hemiparasite on
plant community ....................................................................... 39
3.4.2 Mycorrhizal dependency of dominant species determines community
responses ................................................................................ 39
3.4.3 Hemiparasitic plants profit from mycorrhizal fungi ...................... 40
Contents
3.4.4 Specific effects of AMF cannot be reduced to functional
complementarity ............................................................................................ 41
3.4.5 Importance of indirect effects varies among fungal treatments .......... 42
3.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 42
Chapter 4: Bottom-up effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across a plant-
herbivore-parasitoid system ................................................................................. 44
4.1 Introduction ....................................................................... 44
4.2 Materials and methods ................................................................................. 45
4.2.1 Plant, aphid and parasitoid material ............................................. 45
4.2.2 Experimental set-up ..................................................................... 46
4.2.3 Plant measurements ..................................................................... 47
4.2.4 Aphid and parasitoid measurements ............................................. 48
4.2.5 Data analysis ................................................................................. 48
4.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 50
4.3.1 Plant responses ................................................................................. 50
4.3.2 Aphid population development ......................................................... 53
4.3.3 Parasitoid responses ..................................................................... 55
4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................ 57
4.4.1 AMF and aphid effects on plants ......................................................... 57
4.4.2 AMF Effects on aphids ..................................................................... 58
4.4.3 AMF effects on parasitoids ......................................................... 59
4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 61
Chapter 5: General discussion ................................................................................. 62
References ......................................................................................... 67
Summary ......................................................................................... 82
Zusammenfassung ................................................................................ 84
Appendix ......................................................................................... 86
Cooperations ......................................................................................... 92
Acknowledgements ................................................................................ 93
Ehrenwortliche Erklarung........................................................................... 94
Curriculum vitae ................................................................................ 95
Publications .................................................................................................................... 96
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1 Distribution of all detected families and species groups of AMF in soil,
spores and roots of four plant species............................................... 18
Table 2 Investigated plant species and their degree of mycorrhizal colonization...... 31
Table 3 Results of ANOVAs for the multi-species experiment - Plant community
diversity and productivity as well as biomass of each plant species
responding to different mycorrhizal treatments and parasitism by R. minor... 32
Table 4 Results of ANOVAs on the aboveground biomass of Rhinanthus minor
grown in the single-species and in the multi-species experiment............... 37
Table 5 Results of ANCOVA on shoot and root biomass oiPhleum pratense at
harvest................................................................................... 51
Table 6 Mean foliar nutrient concentrations and element ratios of five randomly
chosen plants........................................................................... 51
Table 7 Results of ANCOVA on aphid population growth rates and of the analysis
of deviance on the proportion of aphid populations with negative growth
rates..................................................................................... 53
Table 8 Results of ANCOVA on mean parasitoid dry mass and development time
as means per pot........................................................................ 55
Table I Host plants of Paraglomeraceae species as extracted from literature........... 85
Table II Results of ANOVAs for the single-species experiment..........................
89
List of figures
List of figures
Figu re 1 Morphological structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi..................... 4
Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree of all genera within the Glomeromycota.................... 5
Figure 3 Examples of a high yield meadow with low plants diversity and a low
yield meadow with a high plant diversity in the study area................... 8
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the experimental design comparing the species
composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in spore, root and soil
communities........................................................................... 11
Figure 5 Consensus tree derived from Bayesian phylogenetic inference analysis in
the comparison of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in spore, root and soil
communities.......................................................................... 15
Figure 6 Rarefaction curves and graphs of the fitted formulas for the detected AMF
families in soil DNA, rootDNA and spores..................................... 16
Figure 7 Bar plot showing the relative proportions of the observed families, species
groups and genera within the Glomeromycota in the analysed
compartments........................................................................ 16
Figure 8 Correspondence analysis of the AM communities of soil DNA,
mycorrhizal plant roots and spores................................................. 17
Figure 9 Biomass and evenness of plant communities responding to different
mycorrhizal treatments and parasitism by./?. minor............................. 33
Figure 10 Responses of Rhinanthus minor and host plants grown in the mesocosms
responding to different mycorrhizal treatments (multi-species experiment) 35
Figure 11 Nutrient contents of plant communities responding to different
mycorrhizal treatments.............................................................. 36
Figure 12 Log response ratio (lnRR) of plants grown in the single-species
experiment and lnRR of plants grown in the multi-species experiment
when inoculated with different types of AMF................................... 38
Figure 13 Experimental setup of one block in the trophic interactions experiment..... 46
Figure 14 Mean shoot biomass and mean root biomass at harvest........................ 52
Figure 15 Mean aphid population growth rates per day and the proportion of aphid
populations with negative growth rates........................................... 54
Figure 16 Mean parasitoid dry weight plotted against mean parasitoid development
time for both sexes separately...................................................... 56
Figure 17 Scatterplot of unparasitized against parasitized aphids......................... 56
Figure I Responses of Rhinanthus minor and host plants (mean + se) grown in the
single-species experiment responding to different mycorrhizal treatments.. 90
|
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| spelling | Hempel, Stefan 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)136915965 aut Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems von Stefan Hempel Leipzig Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ 2008 97 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PhD dissertation 2008,15 Auch als Internetausgabe Zugl.: Jena, Univ., Diss., 2008 Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s DE-604 PhD dissertation 2008,15 (DE-604)BV035421074 2008,15 http://www.ufz.de/data/ufzdiss_15_2008_9591.pdf Volltext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017019520&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hempel, Stefan 1979- Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems PhD dissertation Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4158359-0 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4601495-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems |
| title_auth | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems |
| title_exact_search | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems |
| title_full | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems von Stefan Hempel |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems von Stefan Hempel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems von Stefan Hempel |
| title_short | Diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi-natural grassland ecosystems |
| title_sort | diversity and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semi natural grassland ecosystems |
| topic | Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grünland Ökosystem Biodiversität Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://www.ufz.de/data/ufzdiss_15_2008_9591.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017019520&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035421074 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hempelstefan diversityandfunctioningofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungiinseminaturalgrasslandecosystems |