Verfügbarkeit: Hunting Eichmann

Hunting Eichmann: how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Bascomb, Neal 1971- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Boston [u.a.] Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2009
Schlagworte:	Eichmann, Adolf > 1906-1962 Israel > Mossad War criminals > Germany > Biography Fugitives from justice > Argentina > Biography Secret service > Israel Entführung Argentinien Deutschland Biografie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	IX, 390 S., [4] Bl. Ill.
ISBN:	9780618858675 0618858679

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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804138350674706432
adam_text	Index Adenauer, Konrad, 84-85, 98-99, 127,145, 306-7, 316 Aerolíneas Argentinas, 200, 214, 252, 273, 292 Agami, Moshe, 297,302 Aharoni, Zvi meets with Bauer in Israel, 123-25,128, 146 background of, 130 arrives in Argentina, 130-31,176,178-79 learns that Eichmann has moved from Chacabuco Street, 132-33,138, 141-42 locates Eichmanns San Fernando house, 136-45 identifies Eichmann visually, 151-52, 154» 179 takes photos of Eichmann, 154-59 returns to Israel to discuss Eichmann s capture, 158-59,163-64 on capture team, 159,162,163,167-68, 173,176,183-85,196,207-10, 2.15, 219 surveillance of Eichmann by, 197-98, 204 in capture operation, 216,221-29 interrogates Eichmann, 230-34,239-41, 254-56, 279-80, 353η efforts of, to get Eichmann to sign agreement to stand trial in Israel, 241,255, 267-68, 356η at El Al s arrival in Buenos Aires, 271,273 chauffeurs Eichmann to airplane, 2.77, 279,282-86 hears Ben-Gurion s announcement about Eichmann s capture, 298-99 after Eichmann s death, 325 spots Mengele in Brazil, 325 Allies approach Hungary, 2, 9 bomb Budapest, γ -Ç) draw up war criminal lists, 10,15-16, 24, 28,31, 48, 63-64 liberate concentration camps, I4-I7> 39 Eichmann s escapes from, 19, 24-27, 31-32,35-37,48-50, 56, 62-63, 71-75, 84, 239 search for ex-Nazis, 25-31, 4i~43> 4^ occupy Germany, 27-31 hold war crimes trials, 43-48,57. 63. <>5> 70, 240, 303,312 smuggle Nazi war criminals out of Germany, 71,114, 345η See ab France; Great Britain; Soviet Union; United States Alps, viii, 22-27, З^З2 See ako specific places in Altaussee (Austria) Eichmann family members in, 19-22, 24-26,31,47, 54-55, 6o, 63, 80, 336η Amadeo, Mario, 305 INDEX 371 Anti-Semitism in Europe, 5, 30,32,102 Eichmanns, 25, 32-35, 62, 88,196-97, 260, 318 in Argentina, 70,76, 83, 86-87, 93,152, 251,305 Klaus Eichmann s, 86, 92-93,157, 207, 305 Eichmann denies his, go, 260-61 West German outbreaks of, 127-29,145 See also Final Solution; Jews; Nazis Antonio, Jorge, 116 Arendt, Hannah, 323, 337η Argentina diplomatic issues with Mossad capture operation in, viii, 152,164, 207, 304-6 Eichmann is smuggled into, 66-69, 71-75, 91,122, 340П government officials support for ex-Nazis in, 6g, 83, 93,123,152,157 anti-Semitism in, 70, 76, 83, 86-87, 93> 152, 251, 305 Jewish community in, 70,107,186, 272, 305 description of, 73-74, 77 150th anniversary independence celebration in, 172,173,180,181-82, 185,186, 244, 247 heightened security in, during anniversary celebrations and period of Eichmann s capture, 180,189, 196,201, 203-4,2.64-65, 271,276 Ministry of Aviation of, 201, 252,272, 281 See ako Buenos Aires; Coronel Suárez; Tucumán Argentinisches Tageblatt, 92,149 Assassination (Mossad considers, as a possibility for Eichmann), 126, 167-68,199, 237 Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp Sapir in, 7, II-I2, 314 extermination of Jews at, 8-9, 256, 30г, 312-14, 320 news from, 15,16-17 Eichmann at, 19 survivors of, 52,59,170,192,309-10, 322 Mengele s role at, 65,122,188,240, 254, 257 trials of war criminals from, 323 See aho Höss, Rudolf Austria deportation operations in, 3, 39 forced march of Hungarian Jews to, 11 as Eichmann s native country, 19, 35 Germany s occupation of, 33 former Nazis in, 81 Jewish avenger groups in, 168 See also specific places in Avivi, Mordechai, 273 Bach, Gabriel, 313-14 Баку, László, 9 Baromi, Joel, 306 Barth, Adolf, 31,36, 74 Bauer, Fritz background of, 93-95,128 learns that Eichmann is in Argentina, 93-9Î» 3 launches search for Eichmann, 95,109, 343η prods Israelis to search for Eichmann, 98-100,105-7,121-25,146, 212 learns of Israel s halt in search for Eichmann, 113-14 new source of Eichmann information for, 121-23,125,126,132,139, 346η learns that Eichmann has been captured, 297-98 capture operation s impact on, 323 Bauer, Kurt, 49, 56 Belgium, 3, 70, 96 Belzec concentration camp, 66,312 Ben-Ari, Mordechai, 172-73, 296 Ben-Gurion, David on hunting war criminals, 53,145, 304 as Israeli prime minister, 83,262,326 Middle East concerns of, 113 Harel as reporting to, 116,124,125-27, 235,248-49, Z96-ţ>7 Friedman beseeches, to search for Eichmann, 121 372 INDEX Ben-Gurion, David {cont.) authorizes search, capture, and transport of Eichmann to Israel, 126,128,129,187-88, 207 offers legal justification for capture of German on foreign soil, 144-45, 3°4 learns of Eichmanns capture, 248-49 learns of Eichmann s arrival in Israel, 296-97 announces Eichmann s capture and detention, 298-301, 303-8,323 on significance of Eichmann trial, 313 Ben-Natan, Asher. See Pier, Arthur Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 14, 16-17, 66, 90, 202 Berlin (Germany), 14,17-21, 33, 71 Blaa-Alm (Austria), 22-24, 26 Blanc, Shimon, 274, 291 Bloch, Michael, 133-35 Bohne, Gerhard, 71 Boldt, Gerhard, 116-17 Bormann, Martin, 21, 44, 240, 325 Bower, Tom, 338η Bradley, Omar, 16 Brand, Joel, 27, 334η Brandt, Willy, 94 Brazil, 81,216 El Al landing in, 182, 263,269-71, 273, 282,286, 288-89 Brichah (Jewish underground group), 40, 51-54,309 Britannia airplanes El Al s, 173,182,186,214, 244, 273-74, 277,282, 288, 289 other airlines flying, 200-201 El Al s, on flight to Argentina, 262-64, 269-73 El Al s, on flight to Israel, 290-95 Buchenwald concentration camp, 16 Budapest (Hungary), i, 3-4,7-10,37-38, 46,71, 256,309 Buenos Aires (Argentina) Eichmann capture operation in, vi, vii— viii, 221-29 as Eichmann s destination, 6ç>, 71-75 German community in, 6^, 76-77, 86-87,117,152,224,242 ex-Nazi network and supporters in, 69-72, 75, j6, 87-93,116,125,152, 157, 224, 237, 240-41, 250-51, 265-66, 276, 285, 288-89 Jewish community in, 70,107,186, 272, 305 description of, 74, 77 Eichmann living in, 89,91-92 Mossad agents look for Eichmann on Chacabuco Street in, 106-7, ni-13, 115,132-33,136-39 Friedman learns that Eichmann lives in, 121 anniversary flight as El Al s first to, 171, i8o, 200, 264, 271 capture team starts to gather in, 175-79 heightened security in, during period of Eichmann capture, 180,189,196, 201, 203-4, 264-65,271, 276 harbor of, 184, 244, 253 See ако Capture operation; Ezeiza Airport; Olivos neighborhood; San Fernando neighborhood Bureau 06 (Israel), 302,308-10, 319 Burger, Anton, 22, 23, 26, 59 Bus 203, vi, vii-ix, 183,207,220,222-29 Camp Iyar, 301-3,317,319 Capital punishment, 317 CAPRI (company), 78, 89,122,157 Capture operation (in Buenos Aires) map of, vi description of, vii-ix, 221-29 difficulties associated with, 152-53 importance of keeping Eichmann alive during, 153,174,188, 222, 228 agents involved in, 153-54, I55>> 160-63 plans for team s Argentina journey and stay during, 164-66 team for, meets for first time, 166-71 three different possibilities for, 168 team for, starts to gather in Buenos Aires, 175-209 date for, 191,195,200, MO-ii, 213 finalizing of plans for, 206-12 contingencies outlined for, 216-18 team waits for appointed time in, 219-20 INDEX 373 Eichmann s glasses lost during, 236, 243, 250 team s silence about, in later years, 300-301 See also Cars; Garibaldi Street; Safe houses; Transporting (of Eichmann from Argentina to Israel) Caroz, Yaakov, 248 Cars in capture operation, vi, vii— viii, 189, 20(3-9, 21<Э> 221-29 rental of, 166,172,190,191, 204, 234 trapdoor in, 203, 215, 234 repairing and polishing of, 212, 215, 219 for taking Eichmann to plane, 277, 282-83 return of, 285, 293 See also License plates Catholic Church and officials, 9, 68—72, 75,91,122,305 Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (crowcass), 28, 48 Cesarani, David, 337η Chacabuco Street (Olivos neighborhood) Eichmann s former residence on, 95, 106-7, Ш-13, 115, 122,132-33, 136-38,141,144, 279 Chełmno concentration camp, 312 Choter-Ischai (Jewish Brigade captain), 39.40 Churchill, Winston, 15,30 CIA, 39,84-85,104,114-15,231,307, 345η See ako Office of Strategic Services CIC (Counter Intelligence Corps, U.S. Army), 26, 28-31, 42--43.47~49> 63-66, 342η Cohen, Benno, 297,302 Cohen, Haim, 122,124-26,212,297-98, 346η on legal justification for capture of German on foreign soil, 144-45, 164 on getting signed statement from Eichmann agreeing to stand trial in Israel, 241 Cold war, 65, 66, 85,114 Communists, 32,34,70-71,104,114 Concentration camps conditions in, 2, 7, 11-13, 16-17, 34) 38 tattoos in, 12, 315, 320 liberation of, 14—17, 39 survivors of, 39-40, 51-52, 59, 85, 93-94, 98-99, I70, I92, 2O6, 274, 292,296,309 Eichmanns low visibility in, 42,266 Eichmann s involvement with, 62,167, 307 doctors associated with, 65,122,188, 240, 254, 257 forgers in, 162, 202 See also Final Solution; specific concen¬ tration camps, victims, and survivors Coronel Suárez (Argentina), 92—94,108, 121 Czechoslovakia, 3,10,19, 31,33, 39, 63, 64, 70,171 See ако Theresienstadt concentration camp Dachau concentration camp, 86,274 Dachsgrube coal mines, n-12, 310,314 Dakar (Senegal), 182,183, 263, 273-74, 282, 289, 291, 293-95 Damascus (Syria), 84,113 Dani, Shalom on capture team, 162,173,177,195, 201-3, aI5 234. 2.59-60, 293 background of, 202 after Eichmanns death, 326 Darom, Shaul, 105-7 Denmark, 2,3,94 Department IVB4 (Third Reich Security), viii, 2, 31,47,90 Deportation (of Jews to concentration camps) Eichmann s deception concerning, 3-4, 6,9,13.90. 256.310 as Eichmann s specialty, 3-4, 6,8-10,13, 15,18,19,33-35» 9°> i°4-5> и8, 192, 256, 2бб, зю, 312,315-17 Deportation (of Poles), 34 Diamant, Manus, 59-61, 64-65,104 Diplomatic pouches, 131-32,155,165-66 374 INDEX Disguises capture teams use of, 219 for Eichmann and kidnappers as they board plane, 243-44, 253,259, 273, 276-77, 279, 280,284 Dömöter, Edoardo, 72 Dönitz, Karl, 24, 29,44 Doppi (Austria), 58, 60-61 Doron (safe house), 194-95, 203, 205-9, 211 Drori, Moshe, 296 Dulles, Allen, 114, 307 Eban, Abba, 262, 272 Eckmann, Otto, 36-38,42-43, 6г, 63,74 Eden, Anthony, 15, 28 Egypt, 49 Israel s tensions with, 83,167, 294-95, 326 Suez War with, 104,113 Eichmann, Adolf capture of, vii— ix, 225-29 real identity hidden by, in Argentina, viii, 69, 72, 7Ч-79, 87,91,96,122, 132, 224, 251 role of, in Nazi genocide of Jews, viii, 1-4, 6-11,35,41,45-48, 62, 90,92, 100-101,104-5,121,168, 218, 245, 256, 298,308,312-13 deportation as Nazi specialty of, 3-4, 6, 8-ю, 13,15,18,19,33-35,90,104-5, 118,192, 256,266,310,312,315-17 in Munkács, 6,13, 309-10 concern of, about being identified as a war criminal, 10, 24, 42-43, 48-49, mistresses of, 10, 25, 58-61, 256 postwar plans of, 18-19, г7 destruction of files of, 19 escapes from Allies, 19,24-27, 31-32, 35-37.48-50, 56, 62-63, 66-69, 71-75,84, 239 establishes Nazi resistance group in Austria, 21-23, 26-27 background and marriage of, 24-26, 32-35 anti-Semitism of, 25,32-35, 62, 88, 196-97, 260, 318 musical interests of, 25, 57, 213 postwar poverty of, 25, 78, 91-92,106, 112-13,115-16, 144,183-84, 230, 336η lack of guilt experienced by, 32, 88, 117-18, 197, 239, 241, 261, 266,307, 315-16, 318 spiritual views of, 32, 75, 317—19 SS tattoo of, 36, 49, 231 as German POW, 36-38, 49, 59, 239 as having kept a low profile among Jewish victims, 42 personal characteristics of, 43,47,58, 78, 88-89, 96,109,117 Jewish avengers search for, 54—56 smuggled out of Europe, 66-69, 71— 75> 91, 122, З4ОП Argentine jobs held by, 77-78, 89, 91-92,109,116,122,149,157, 220, 242-43 as brooding over Germany s loss, 78, 88, 89, 116-18, 149, 221 appearance of, in postwar years, 79,92, 96,151-52,155,167,197,203, 225, 256 posing of, as sons uncle, 79, 87, 96 autobiographies of, 87-91, 117-18,149> 307-9,316, 317, 345η West German arrest warrant for, 94 Sylvia Hermann meets, 95-97. 343η plastic surgery rumors about, 109,112 rumors about, not followed up on, 114-15 Nazi-hunters as learning alias of, 12г, 124, 1^6 Mossad considers assassinating, 126, 167-68,199, 237 learns he s being sought in Argentina, 148-50 Mossad s concerns about ability of, to defend himself or escape, 152-53. 205,237-38 capture team recognizes, 178-79 on day of capture, 220-21 I N D K X 375 as resigned to his iate once caught, 228-30, 245, 255, 280, 292, 302-3 as captive in Buenos Aires safe house, 230-34, 236-41, 244-48, 255-57, 260-61, 266-69, 2.74-75 Mossads interrogation of, in Buenos Aires, 230-34, 239-41, 254-56, 353η Mossads efforts to obtain signed agreement from, to stand trial, 241, 255, 267-6S, 304, 356η Israeli charges against, 297, 312 interrogations of, in Israel, 302-3, 308 international reaction to capture and forthcoming trial of, 304-6 trial and execution of, 311-17 ashes of, 320-21 See aho Capture operation; Deporta¬ tion; Final Solution; Garibaldi Street; Identity(ies); Photographs; Transporting; Trial; names of relatives, associates, and specific people searching for Eichmann, Adolf Karl (Eichmann s rather), 19, 32,41-42,312 Eichmann, Dieter ( Dito, Eichmanns son) during World War II, 24-26, 42 names of, 48, 80, 232 Nazi-hunters involvement with, 64-65 in Argentina, 78-82,95,115,121,138-41, 149,150,155,158,305 search for Eichmann by, 224, 236, 237, 240, 241-43, 250-51,265-66 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 after Eichmann s death, 324 Eichmann, Horst (Eichmann s son) during World War II, 24-26,42 Nazi-hunters involvement with, 64-65 in Argentina, 78-82,115,121 and merchant marine, 92,149, 242 political views of, 157, 207,324 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 Eichmann, Klaus ( Nick, Eichmann s son) during World War II, 24-26, 4г Nazi-hunters involvement with, 64-65 with rather in Argentina, 78-82, 92,115, 121 keeps original surname, 80, 240 anti-Semitism of, 86, 92-93,157, 207, 305 description of, 86 Mossad s use of, to learn Eichmann s identity and location, 86-87, 92~93> 95-97 io8, 141-42,150 wife of, 147-49, 2I3 search for Eichmann by, 224, 236, 237, 240, 241-43, 250-51, 265-66, 354η learns Eichmann was taken to Israel, 288-89 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 after Eichmann s death, 324 Eichmann, Margarita (Nicks wife), 147-49, Щ Eichmann, Nick. See Eichmann, Klaus ( Nick ) Eichmann, Otto (Adolf s brother), 54-55, 135.164 Eichmann, Ricardo Francisco (Eichmann s youngest son), vii, 95,121, 318, 324 birth of, in Argentina, 91,144,149 Nazi-hunters observe, in San Fernando, 143-44,155, 203, 260 Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Liebl efforts of, to declare husband legally dead, vii, 63-64 with husband in Argentina, vii, 78-80, 121, 213 Eichmann leaves behind, after the war, 10, 24-26, 73 locations of, during World War II, 10, 21,24 marriage of, 24-25,40,42,80,92 declines to join Nazi Party, 25 denies having contact with husband after war, 47, 60 Nazi-hunters knowledge of location of, 54-55» 59 Nazi-hunters involvement with, 60, 64-65 Nazi-hunters lose trail of, 80-84 376 INDEX Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Liebl {cont.) remarriage claims about, 92-93,105, 109,134-35.148 Nazi-hunters renew search for, 95,105, 134-35.139.143-44 Nazi-hunters find, in San Fernando, 143-44,146-48,151 Mossad s surveillance of, 196 nightmare of, 2.13, 220 and Eichmanns capture, 224-25, 235-37. 2.4°. 242-43, 305,306 grants permission for sale of rights to Eichmann s memories, 307 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 after Eichmann s death, 324 Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 323 Einsatzgruppen, 34, 55, 65 Eisenhower, Dwight, 14,16,17, 29 Eitan, Ran background of, 153-54 as part of Mossad capture team, 153-54, 173,174,199-200,2.04-6, 216-17, 219-20 and Shalom, 161,162-63 in charge of tactical plans for Eich¬ mann s capture, 165-66,172,179, 205,208,264 and Malkin, 166-68 arrives in Buenos Aires, 195-97 heads team meeting at Maoz, 199-200 and finalization of capture plans, 209-12 in capture operation, 221-25,227-29 with Eichmann in Tira, 234, 237-38, 246,255,257,260,268-69, 274-75. 277 and Mengele plan, 254 on trip to airport with Eichmann, 280, 283-85 leaves Buenos Aires, 293,300 witnesses Eichmann s execution, 319, 320 after Eichmann s death, 326 El Al first flight of, to Buenos Aires, 171,180, 200,264,271 choosing, for transporting Eichmann to Israel, 171-73 Argentine anniversary celebration as cover for transporting Eichmann on, 172,173,180,181-82, 244 monkey business crews on, 172, 263 crew selection for, 173,180-82, 244 employees of, summoned to Buenos Aires, 185-86 dates for flights of, 191,195, 200, 237, 264, 273-74 finding parking place for plane at airport, 201, 214, 252, 273 contingency plans for, 204 Eichmann dressed in uniform of, 243, 253, 259,273,279, 280,284 private passengers booked for special flight on, 251-52,272, 273 flight from Israel to Argentina by, 262-64, 2(%>-73 arrival of, in Argentina, 271-73 return crew for, 274, 279, 280-81, 283-86,295-96 flight plans of, for trip from Buenos Aires to Israel, 282, 286-88, 294 return flight of, to Israel, 285-88, 290-95 recognition of role of, in capture operation, 324 See also Britannia airplanes England. See Great Britain Eshel, Arie, 83 Eytan, Walter, 100 Ezeiza Airport (near Buenos Aires) Aharoni arrives at, 130-31 Gat arrives at, 175-76,179 Klein arranges for Eichmann s departure from, 200-201, 213-15, 243-44, 2.52-53, 259, 271-72, 279, 281, 284-88 El Al flight arrives at, 271-73 capture team prepares for flight from, 277-78,280-82,300 El Al s departure from, 285-88, 290-95 See also El Al; Klein, Yosef; Volk, Luba INDEX 377 Feiersleben, Hans, 49, 57, 67 Final Solution (Holocaust) Eichmanns role in, viii, 1—4,7-й, 35, 41,45-48, 62,90,92, loo-ioi, 104-5, 12·ΐ> 168, 218,245, 2.56, 298, 3θ8, 312-13 Jewish Mossad agents and officials having lost families Kvviii, 65,107, 131,134,162,170,173,182,192,197, 202, 206, 245, 259, 263, 268, 302, 320 Himmlers order to begin, 2,10, 46 deportation as Eichmanns specialty in, 3-4, 6, 8-ю, 13,15,18,19, 33-35, 90, 104-5,118,192,256, 266,310, 312, 315-17 Sapir as survivor of, 4-7, 11-14, 309-10, 314-15. 334П revelation of, to world, 14-17,44-45, 128,153,174, 216,304, 313-16, 322-23,326 Eichmann s estimate of number of Jews killed in, 19 Eichmann s role in, not immediately recognized by Allies, 31, 45-49 survivors of, 39-40, 51-52, 59, 85, 93-94,98-99,170,192, 206, 274, 292, 296,309 meaning of term, 46, 312 Eichmann as wanting to set the record straight on, 89, 267 West Germany s compensation to Jewish survivors of, 98-99,145 number of survivors of, in Israel, 101 survivors early silence about, 101, 304, 309,322 Israel s existence as linked to, 104 as causing Jews to lose their faith, 124 West Germany s silence about, 128 and selection of Eichmann s Israeli guards, 302 See also Concentration camps; Deportation; Yad Vashem Following orders as Eichmann s defense, 32,74,90,105, 117-18, 241, 260-61, 266,303, 315-16,319,324 Catholic officials on, 70-71 Eichmann denies, 80 Malkin enlists Eichmann s cooperation by urging, 280 France, з, 8, 39,44,45, 70, 96 Frank, Hans, 30, 44 Frankfurt (Germany), 92, 93,105,128,146 Freemasons, 32,71 Freude, Rodolfo, 70 Frick, Wilhelm, 44 Friedman, Anna (Tuviah s wife), 81-82, 118,120 Friedman, Arye, 273, 292 Friedman, Bella, 51,52 Friedman, Tuviah ( Tadek ) Holocaust experiences of, 51-52 enlistment of, in effort to find Eichmann, 51-54 search for Eichmann by, 57-61, 65-66, 81-82, 85,118-21,123, 212 Eichmann file kept by, 82,104,120, 308 on Eichmann s whereabouts, 118-21, 128-29,149 urges reward for locating Eichmann, 120,135 impact of capture operation on, 323, 324 Fritzsche, Hans, 44 Frondizi, Arturo, 152, 304-5 Fuldner, Carlos, 70,76-78,242, 251, 354η Fuldner Company, 122,139,146 Funk, Walter, 44 Garibaldi Street (San Fernando neighbor¬ hood) Eichmann s capture on, vii-ix, 221-29 Mossad surveillance of Eichmann s house on, 151-52, Г54-59, 178-79» 183-84,190-91,194-200, 203-6, 219 routes to and from, 172,189-91, 194~95> 2O3-4> 207-8, 212 team plans for capture on, 199-200, 207-8, 216 378 INDEX Garibaldi Street (cont.) Eichmann asked for directions on, 213 Eichmann s lost glasses on, 236, 243, 250 Gas chambers in Auschwitz, 8-9,12,15, 62, 90 in other concentration camps, 90,105, 121, 292, 307, 320 Gat, Yaakov interviews Eichmann and Liebl families in Germany, 133-36,144 background of, 134 on capture team, 158-59,163,173,175, 178-79,184,189-90,194, 215, 217, 219, 300-301 in capture operation, 216, 221, 223, 225, 227, 228 with Eichmann in Tira, 233, 237, 239, 268 with Eichmann en route to Buenos Aires airport, 282-84 with Eichmann on flight to Israel, 294 with Eichmann in Israel, 296 after Eichmann s death, 325 Gehlen, Reinhard, 114,307 Germany deportation operations in, 3 Allies as driving toward, 8,14 scientists from, 16, 69, 345η surrender of, 24 Allied occupation of, 27-31 POWsfrom,3i Eichmann born in, 32,42, 233 Eichmann returns to, after World War II, 35-36, 49, 56-57, 62-63, 2.39 war crimes trials held in, 43-48, 57, 63, 65,70,92-95,120,128,303, 312, 323 Eichmann leaves, for last time, 68 rumors that Vera Eichmann moved to, 81 Kristallnacht in, 87,130,160-61 interviews with Vera Eichmann s family in, 105,128,133-34,144 Jewish avenger groups in, 168 See aho Hitler, Adolf; Nazis; War criminals; West Germany Giovanna С (ship), 73-74,78 Glasses (Eichmann s), 236, 243, 250 Gleiwitz concentration camp, 13 Globke, Hans, 99,115,127-28,145, 306-7, 316, 323, 343η, 345П Globocnik, Odilo, 34 Goebbels, Joseph, 21,114 Goettsch, Werner, 338η Goggles (for Eichmann), 227, 231, 237-38, 255-56,267,268,292 Goldmann, Michael, 319, 320 Goldmann, Nahum, 83-85 Goni, Uki, 340η Goren, Yoel, 106-7,112-13, 279, 280, 284 Göring, Hermann, 20, 29, 44. 45> З^ Great Britain, viii on Holocaust, 15 concentration camp liberation by, 16 search for ex-Nazi war criminals by, 28, 30, 48,67 and Palestine, 30,40,102,103,130-31, 153-54,169 at Nuremberg trials, 44,45 See aho Allies Greece, 39, 295, 343η Haganah killing of ex-Nazis by, 30-31 search for Eichmann by, 51-54. 57~6i disbanding of, 65 members of, 102-4,120,153-54.161, 169, 263 airplanes used for, 171 Halevi, Emanuel, 297, 358η Harel, Isser (head of Mossad) learns about Eichmann, 100-105 as Mossad and Shin Bet chief, 100-105, 131,134,185,187, 300 background of, 101-4 and Bauer, 105-6,124-25, 345η calls ofF early Eichmann search in Argentina, 112-14, 122 Ben-Gurion as boss of, 116,124,125-27, 235,248-49, zç)6-Ç)7 renews search for Eichmann in Argentina, 125-29,132 INDEX 379 learns that Klement is likely Eichmann, 138,144, 152, 155, 159,164 learns where Eichmann is living, 144 capture mission concerns of, 152-54, 164-66,170 goes to Buenos Aires to oversee capture, 153,166,177,180,186-87,190-91. 245-46 orders Aharoni to return to Tel Aviv for debriefing, 158 puts capture team together, 160-63, 169, 202 in charge of transporting Eichmann to Israel, 168,171-73,191,193-95, 213-15, 234-35, 243-44. 273-74. 277-79, 282, 283, 285-88, 290,292, 294, 295-98 motivational talks by, 173-74, 215-16, 252 go order for capture operation from, 178-79 receives Ben-Gurions blessing for mission, 187-88, 207 Mengele search by, while in Buenos Aires, 188-89, 24°> 2,54—55, 2.57-58, 264-65,274,278-79 meets with team members in Buenos Aires, 190-91, 206,207-12, 215-16 illness of, during capture operation, 206-7,2.24-25 learns of capture operation s success, 234-35 sees Eichmann at Tira, 255-57 and date for announcement of Eichmann s capture, 293,297 hears Ben-Gurion s announcement about Eichmann s capture, 298-99 after Eichmann s death, 325, 326 Hassin, Gady, 270,274, 28г, 294-95 Hausner, Gideon, 312-13, 315, 316 Hebrew language, 33,40,41, 58,130,233, 312 Helmut, Gregor, 264 See abo Mengele, Josef Heninger, Otto, 49,56-57, 67, 74, гіг, 239 Hermann, Lothar learns of Eichmann s presence in Argentina, 86-87,115 reports from, on Eichmann s location, 92-95, 98,121-23,129,133, 212 searches for Eichmann in Argentina, 95, 97, Ш-14 Israelis interest in identity of, 105-7 Hofštetter s interview with, 108-10, 302, 324 Israeli dismissal of reports from, 112-14, 124-25 after Eichmann s trial, 323-24 Hermann, Sylvia and search for Eichmann s true identity, 86-87, 92-93, 95-97,111-12,122, 133, 240, 343η after Eichmann s trial, 324 Heydrich, Reinhard, 19, 32, 34-35, 205, 307 Himmler, Heinrich order from, to begin Final Solution, 2, 10,46 other orders from, 11,18-20, 22, 23, 29 death of, 29 associates of, 70 Hitler, Adolf Hungary s occupation by forces under, 1-4, 9,10 Eichmann s responsibilities under, 2-3, 266 genocidal aims of, 15, 32-34, 46 death of, 20-22 supporters of, 27,70, 73,76, 87, 93,94, 102, 116-17, 251 West German textbooks on, 128 See aho Final Solution; Nazis Hitler: The Last Ten Days (Boldt), 116-17 Hitler Youth, 26, 27,45,73 Hofer, Franz, 19 Hofstetter, Ephraim ( Karl Huppert ), 107-10,112,302-3, 308, 324 Holocaust. See Final Solution Horthy, Miklós, 9-11, 15 Hoss, Rudolf, 8-9,11, 44> 45> 62,313 Höttl, Wilhelm, 335η, 336η, зз8п 380 INDEX Hudal, Alois, 70-71 Hull, William, 317-21 Hungary Eichmann s determination to remove Jews from, 1-11,35,39, 54, 256, 314-16 Nazi support in, 4,5,8,9 Eichmann s visibility in, 42,192, 309-10, 314 Jewish sabotage in, 59 See also Budapest; Munkács Hünsche, Otto, 26 Huppert, Karl. See Hofstetter, Ephraim ICRC, 72,122 Identity(ies) Eichmanns use of false, in Argentina, viii, 69, 72, 78-79,87,91, 96,122, 132,224, 251 other former Nazis use of false, 17-18, 57-58 Eichmann s use of false, in Europe, 31-32, 36-38,42,48,49,62-63, 67-69,74 Nazi-hunters use of false, 52,135, 152 Eichmann s use of false, with women, 56 Jews use of false, under Nazis, 59 exposure of some of Eichmanns false, 62-63,41-32,239 prevalence of false, in postwar Europe, 71 Israelis interest in Lothar Hermann s, 105-7 Mossad agents use of false, 108,130, 135, ИЗО, IŐ2, IÓ5, 172, 2О2, 2Об, 276 Mossad agents efforts to discover Eichmann s Argentine, 109-10, 131-ЗЗ. 135-44.146-48,151-52, 154-59» 163-64,216 rumors about Eichmann s possible, 3-15 of Bauer s source on Eichmann, 122, 123,125, 346η establishing true, of Nick Eichmann, 136-38,141-42,150 witnesses on Eichmann s true, 164,297, 302,308-10,314 Eichmann admits to true, 228, 231-32, 268, 297 Eichmann s false, for flight to Israel, 259, 277 Mengele s false, in Argentina, 264 See abo Disguises; Passports Hani, Ephraim (Mossad agent), 107-8, no, 113 on capture team, 163,168,173 as Buenos Aires expert, 168 in Buenos Aires, 175, 17& 79> l84> 19З. 194, 215, 234-35. 257. 2-93 Inbau, Fred, 231 Innsbruck (Austria), 19, 68, 82 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 72,122 International Military Tribunal (Nurem¬ berg). See Nuremberg trials Interpol, 95, 99, 149 Irgun Qewish extremist group), 102,103, 131 Iron Guard (Romania), 22,76 Israel rumors about Eichmann being in postwar, viii, 63,114 War of Independence in, 65,131,153, 161,169,173,181, 245, 263, 309 Jews resettling in, 81-82,118-20 significance of trying Eichmann in, 82, 126,128,153,173-74.188,194. 252-53, 267, 304, 313-16,322, 326-27 Nazi-hunters prod, to search for Eichmann, 82-85, 98-100,105-7, 121-25,135,146, 212 West Germany s reparations treaty with, 98-99,145 legal justification for prosecuting Nazis in, 101,126, i44-45> l<>4> 3°3~4· 358n Nazi-hunting as not primary activity of, 101,113,170,187 war crimes trials in, 101,107,311-23 existence of, linked to Holocaust, 104 West Germany s first diplomatic meeting with, 145 invited to attend Argentina s 150th INDEX 381 anniversary celebration, 172, 184-86,195, 244 ambassador to Argentina from, 206-7, 213, 265,304-5 Eichmann knows he s been captured by, 233 Mossad s erForts to get Eichmann to sign agreement to stand trial in, 241, 255, 267-68, 304, 356η Eichmann agrees to go to, to stand trial, 268 Eichmann s arrival in, 295-97 number of Holocaust survivors in, 304 Eichmann s trial and sentencing in, 311-19 capital punishment in, 317 See also Ben-Gurion, David; Capture operation; Knesset; Mossad; Palestine; Transporting; Trial Israel Mission, 98—100 Italy, 3, 8 Eichmanns smuggled to Argentina via, 68,72-73,79, 91,122 El Al refueling in, 182, 263,294,295 Jackson, Robert, 45 Jänisch, Rudolf, 22, 27,31, 36-37,42,48, 62 Jaworzno concentration camp, 11-13,40 Jerusalem. See Israel Jewish Agency for Palestine, 40,53, 297 Jewish Brigade, 30, 39,167 Jewish Settlement Police, 130 Jews avengers against ex-Nazis among, viii, 30-31, 54-56, 62-63, 85,167-68, 262-63 Eichmann s determination to eliminate, 1-11, 17-20,34-35 numbers of, in Hungary before World War II, 2 confiscation of wealth of, by Nazis, 3,6, 25, юб, z$6, 312 deportation of, to concentration camps, 3-9.13. 1?. 18,19.33— 35> 90. iO4-5> n8, 192, 206, 266,310,312,315-17 ghettoization of, by Nazis, 3, 4-5, 9, 34, 51,192, 202, 256, 309-10, 312, 314 strictures on, in Nazi-controlled areas, 3. 5.9. 33.35. 93-94. 99> rái, 256, 312 numbers of Hungarian, deported by Eichmann, 8, 46 extermination of, by Nazis, 8-9,12-13, 15-17, 34,45, 46, 64, 85, 86, 88,197, 302, 312-14, 320 as bargaining chips for Germany late in war, 10,18-20 number of, exterminated in Holocaust, 19,48, 2j6, 313 Eichmann denies killing any, 32, 80, 90, 117-18 number of, targeted for extermination, 35.88 number of, in Argentina, 76 as responsible for their fate under Nazis, 90 war crimes compensation for, 98-99, 145 immigration of Moroccan, to Israel, 104, 202, 245 Holocaust as causing loss of faith of, 124 as Mossad volunteers, 132-33,135-43, 146-48,155-58, 234-35, 157-58. 264, 277, 278, 304 See ако Anti-Semitism; Concentration camps; Deportation; Final Solution; Palestine Jodl, Alfred, 29,44 Juan (sayan), 136-43 Junkers, Werner, 123 Jurmann (German landlady), 255, 257 Kabiri, Oved, 274 Kalmanowitz, Abraham, 84-85 Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 19-23,26, 28-29, 31,44,239 Kaplan, Maurice (Dr.) on capture team, 163,195,220,246, 282 arrives in Buenos Aires, 206 in capture operation, 216,221,227 examines Eichmann, 230-31,279 382 INDEX Kaplan, Maurice (Dr.) {cont.) sedates Eichmann, 253, 276, 279-80, 292,294 on airplane with Eichmann, 284 Kasztner, Rezső, 101,107, 256, 344η Keitel, Wilhelm, 29,44 Khrushchev, Nikita, 104 Kibbutzim Polish, 52, 53 Latvian, 101-2 in Palestine, 102,130,131,153,161,309 Kistaresa internment camp (Hungary), 9 Klein, Yosef, 173 summoning of, to Buenos Aires, 185—86 learns of Buenos Aires duties, 191—95 background of, 192 makes airport arrangements for transporting Eichmann, 200—201, 213-15,243-44,2-52.-53.159.2-71-72·» 279, 281, 284-88 returns to New York, 292-93 Klement, Nikolas, 136-38,141-42,150 See also Eichmann, Klaus ( Nick ) Klement, Ricardo as Eichmann s Argentine identity, 69, 72, 74-75,78-79,231, 232, 242 identified as former Chacabuco Street resident, in, 122 rumors about, as Eichmann s Argentine identity, 115 Bauer learns true identity of, 122,124, 126 Mossad s attempts to confirm real identity of, 132-42,144 moves away from Chacabuco Street, 133.138 Mossad tries to discover new address for, 136-38 Mossad considers possibility that Eichmann is not, 216 admits true identity under interroga¬ tion, 230—34 See also Eichmann, Adolf; Identity(ies) Knesset, 128,129,298-99,308,325,326 Kops, Reinhard, γι, γι Krawietz, Nellie, 49,56-57, 62,66, (η Kristallnacht, 87,130,160-61 Krupp, Gustav, 44 Kuhlmann, Herbert, 73, 78, 91 Kuwait, viii, 120,121,123,128,149 Landau, Moshe, 312,315,316-17 Latvia, 101-2, 312 Lavi, Meir {sayan), 235,278 Leers, Johannes von, 114 Less, Avner, 302-3, 308, 313, 317 Levavi, Arye, 207, 265, 304-5 Ley, Robert, 30,44 License plates, 203, 205, 215, 228, 234 Lidice (Poland), 312 Liebl, Vera (Vera Eichmann s maiden name) Vera s use of, to travel, 79, 81,139 See also Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Liebl Liebl family, 64,105,128,133—34,144 Life magazine, 88, 307 Lindhorst, Anna, 66, 6y Linz (Austria) Eichmann raised in, 19,21, 24-25,32, 41-42 Wiesenthal in, 39, 60, 64, 80, 83 Diamant in, 59-61 rumors of Eichmann s death in, 85 Lithuania, 312 Lodz (Poland), 34 Lorenzo {ѕауап), 138 Lühr, Heinz, 78 Lukas, Karl, 63, 64 Lüneburg Heath (Germany), 54-55> 62-63, 66,71 Lvov (Poland), 85 Madagascar, 34, 261 Majdanek concentration camp, 307, 312 Malkin, Frutna, 170,197,247,327 Malkin, Peter on capture team, 163,166-71, Г73> 199-200, 203-6, 210-11, 285 reads Eichmann file, 168,170,196 fears Eichmann, 168-69,218 background of, 169-70 and capture plans, 194,208-10, 215,216, 219-20 INDEX 383 arrives in Buenos Aires, 195-97 mother of, 197, 301, 326-27 in capture operation, 221—28 with Eichmann in Tira, 231, 237, 246-47, 260-61, 266-69, 274, 276, 279-80, 355η searches for Eichmanrís missing glasses, 236 sketches Eichmann, 246-47, 266,325 leaves Buenos Aires, 293 returns to Israel, 300 after Eichmanns trial, 325, 326-27 Manor, Amos, 164,170, 254 Maoz (safe house), 184-85,190-91, 201-3, 259, 273, 274, 277 Map (of capture operation), vi Margaret (princess), 292-93 Mast, Baron, 82—83 Matteson, Robert, 28-29, 31 Mauthausen concentration camp, I, 2, 39-40 Medad, Yaakov, 172,177,184, 203, 285 searches for safe houses, 189-91,194, 204 searches for cars, 204 with Eichmann at Tira, 229, 237, 267, 268,274 wife of, 245-47 Meding, Holger, 340η Meir, Golda, 173, 235, 248,299,305,324 Mengele, Josef Nazi deeds of, 65,123,188, 240, 254, 257 smuggling of, out of Europe, 71 in Argentina, 91 West German arrest warrant for, 123 Harel hopes to seize, 188-89, 24°> 254-55, 257-59, 264-65, 274, 278-79.32-5 Eichmann denies knowing whereabouts of, 240, 254-55 speculation about location of, 263, 272 alias of, 264 rumor that Hermann was, 324 spotted in Brazil, 325 Mercedes-Benz factory (Buenos Aires), иб, ад, гг0> 242~43 Michael (sayan), 146-48 Mildenstein, Edler von, 32—33 Minsk (Soviet Union), 34 ■ Mohnke, Wilhelm, 73 Momm, Eberhard, 114 Mösenbacher, Maria, 58, 60-61, 64 Mossad in Eichmanns capture, vii-ix, 221-29 agents who lost families to Holocaust, viii, 131,134,170,173,182,197, 202, 245, 259 Harel as chief of, 100-105, 44 early search for Eichmann in Argentina by, 100-114 Nazi-hunting as not primary activity of, 101,113,170,187 false identities used by, 108,130,135, 160,162,165,172, 202, 206, 276 Ben-Gurion as authorizing, to search for, capture, and transport Eichmann, 126,128,129,187-88, 207 considers assassinating Eichmann, 126, 167-68,199, 237 Eichmann files of, 131-32 sayanim use by, 132-33,135-42,146-48, 155-58» 234-35.257-58. 2.64, 277, 278,304 tries to interview Eichmann and Liebl families in West Germany, 133-36 surveillance of Garibaldi Street house by, 151-52,154-59,178-79,183-84, 190-91,194,195-200,203-6, 219 consequences for, if Eichmann capture fails, 152,187,217 significance of Eichmann s capture to, 15З holds Eichmann in Buenos Aires safe house, 230-34,236-41, 244-48, 255-57.260-61,266-69, 274-75 efforts of, to get Eichmann to sign agreement to stand trial, 241, 255, 267-68,304, 356η transports Eichmann to Israel, 282-95 as not revealing role in Eichmann s capture, 300-301 and publication of Eichmann s memoirs, 307 384 INDEX Mossad {cont.) recognition of role of, in capture, 324-26 See also Capture operation; Harel, Isser; Safe houses; Transporting; names of specific agents Müller, Heinrich, 18,33, 35, 65, 325 Munkács (Hungary), 4-8,13, 309, 310, 314 Mussolini, Benito, 69, 251, 305 Nagar, Shlomo, 320 Nazis Eichmanns role among, viii, 1-4, 6—11, 35,41,45-48, 62, 90,92, ioo-ioi, 104-5,121,168, 218,245, 256,298, 308, 312-13 occupation and removal of Jews from Hungary by, i-n, 35,39, 54, 256, 314-16 confiscation of Jewish wealth by, 3, 6, 25,106, 256, 312 Roosevelt s call to punish, 8,15 scientists among, 16, 69, 345η postwar life plans of, 17-18 SO unit of, 21,27,32-34, 205, 338η Allied search for former, 25-31,41-43, 48 branches o£ 27 Eichmann s rise among, 32-35 Einsatzgruppen and, 34, 55, 65 Friedman s search for former, 51-54, 57-61, 65-66 number of, involved in war crimes, 65 smuggling of former, out of Europe, 66-69, S>i> hi, 191 Buenos Aires network of supporters and former, 69-72, 75-78, 87-93, 116,125,152,157, 224,237, 240-41, 250-51,265-66,276,285, Z88-89 Eichmann s ID number among, 232,233 See also Concentration camps; Deportation; Final Solution; Kristallnacht; Neo-Nazis; War criminals; names of specific Nazis Neo-Nazis, 127-29,157,324 Nesiahu, Judith, 245-46,268,280,293 Netherlands, 3, 70, 90 Neurath, Konstantin von, 44 New Zealand, 121 Nir, Arye, 318-21 NKVD (Soviet secret service), 30 Nordhausen concentration camp, 16 Nuremberg Laws, 33, 99 Nuremberg trials, 43-48,57, 63, 65,70, 240, 303, 312 Ober-Dachstetten (Germany), 42, 43, 48-50, 56, 62, 63,84 Oberländer, Theodore, 127-28 Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 39~4τ> 53 See Љ CIA Ohrdurf concentration camp, 14,16,17 Olivos neighborhood (Buenos Aires), 86, 87, 91-92,109,122 Eichmann s house in, 95,106-7, ні-іЗі 115,122,132-33,136-38,141,144. 279 OSS. See Office of Strategic Services Palestine Jewish emigration to, as answer to Jewish problem, 10,33,90,261, 315 Great Britain and, 30,40,102,103, 130-31,153-54.169 Eichmann travels to, 33, 261 rumors of Eichmann s birth in, 39,41, 58,104,114 Jews emigrating to, after World War II, 40,51-53, 134> 173. 2.01. З09 Jews emigrating to, before World War II, 102,130-31,160,170 kibbutzim in, 102,130,131,153,161, 309 killing of youths from, 325 See also Brichah; Haganah; Israel; Jewish Brigade Palmach (Haganah strike force), 153—54 Papen, Franz von, 44 Paperclip capture operation, 16 Partisan s Song, 229 INDEX 385 Passports Eichmann s, from Red Cross, 72,122 Vera Eichmanns, 79, 81,135 for capture team, 165, 202, 277 forging of, in Buenos Aires, 201-3, 259> 277 Patton, George, 16 Peleg, Adi, 181-82, 252, 253, 273, 281, 283, 290 Perón, Eva, 79, 80 Perón, Juan and ex-Nazis, 69-72, 76, 89, 91,152 terrorist groups linked to, 168,189, 201, 247, 265, 354П Photographs (of Eichmann), 4, 42 difficulty of finding, 4, 42, 47, 57-61 distribution of, 61, 64 Mösenbacher s, 61, 64,104,135,164,167 on his Red Cross passport, 72 Wiesenthal s copy of, 83,135 Bauer s copy of, 95,96 as a Nazi officer, 104-5 Mossad s interest in obtaining new, 109, 112,154-59 older, as basis of comparison with current Eichmann, 135,151,164,167 Aharoni takes new, 154—59,164,167 Mossad s taking of, for passport, 259 Photographs (of Klaus Nick Eichmann), 112 Photographs (of Vera Eichmann), 146-47 Pier, Arthur (Ben-Natan, Asher), 51-54, 57-59. 61, 65,104,120, 337η Pilecki, Witold, 15 Pius XII (pope), 9,71 Plaszow concentration camp, 40 Poland Jewish uprisings in, 2,90 Jewish genocide in, 3, 34,197,313 Red Army advancing to, 12 resistance movement in, 15, 59 Germany s occupation of, 33-34,39,170 See also Auschwitz-Birkenau concentra¬ tion camp Pollard, Jonathan, 325 Pooch, Hileľ (sayan), 2.57-58,264,278 Pooch, Neomi (sayan), 257-58 POWs German, 31, 65, 245 Eichmann as, 36-38, 49, 59, 239 Polish, 52 Prague, 10,19, 63, 64 See aho Theresienstadt concentration camp Press on concentration camps, 16-17 on Eichmanns deeds, 56, 79-80, 92, 149. 235 on war crimes trials, 62, 92,120,128, 315, 322-23 rumors about Eichmann s location in, 62-63, 12.0-21, 128,149 on anti-Semitism in Buenos Aires, 76 on flight for Israel s anniversary visit to Argentina, 180 on fresh search for Eichmann, 241 capture team looking for news that Eichmanns capture was revealed in, 247, 258, 276, 293 on Eichmann s capture and presence in Israel, 300 on who should try Eichmann, 303-4, 306 on Hermann, 324 Priebke, Erich, 71 Rademacher, Franz, 114 Radom (Poland), 51-53 Raeder, Erich, 44 Ramim (safe house), 215-18 Raphael, Gideon, 40, 337η Recife (Brazil), 182, 263, 269-71, 273, 282, 286, 288-89 Red Army approaches Hungary, 2,5, 8, 10-11 approaches Poland, 12 rescues Sapir, 13, 309 approaches Germany, 14,19 liberates Auschwitz, 17 seizes Budapest, 17-18 seizes Berlin, 20 Nazi war criminals treatment by, 30-31 386 INDEX Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), 19-23.35. 46-47.49.117 See ако Department IVB4 Reid, John, 231 Remer, Otto, 94 Rendi {sayan), 157-58 Reparations treaty (between West Germany and Israel), 98-99,145 Rettenbach-Alm (Austria), 23-24, 26-27 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 30,44,45,123 Roberto (sayan), 132-33,157 Romania, 3, 8,10, 22, 76 Rome (Italy), 182,263, 294, 295 Ronen, Azriel, 274 Roosevelt, Franklin, 8,9,15 Roschmann, Eduard, 71 Rosen, Pinhas, 164 Rosenberg, Alfred, 44 RSHA. See Reich Security Main Office Rudel, Hans-Ulrich, 89 Russians. See Red Army; Soviet Union Safe houses for Eichmann and Mossad agents, 153, 212, 217 renting, 166,172 capture team gathers at, 176, 215-16 heightened security when moving Eichmann to and from, 180,189 search for, 184-85,189-91,194-95 need to switch, 209, 210 getting ready to leave, 277,293 See aho Doron; Maoz; Ramim; Tira Salta (ship), j^ San Fernando neighborhood (Buenos Aires) Eichmann builds new house in, 115-16 identification of, as Eichmann s new neighborhood, 137,138 Aharoni locates Eichmann s house in, 141-45 land records for Eichmann s house in, 146-48 See also Garibaldi Street Sapir, Zeev, 4-7, 11-14, 309-10,313—15, 334η Sassen, Saskia, 90, 250 Sassen, Willem as recorder of Eichmanns memories, 87-91,117,149, 316, 317, 359η background of, 88 Eichmanns sons visit, 242, 250-51 sells rights to Eichmann s autobiogra¬ phy, 307 as possible informant, 346η Sauckel, Fritz, 29-30, 44 Sayanim, 132-33,135-43,146-48,155-58, 234-35, 2.57-58. 264, 277, 278, 304 Schacht, Hjalmar, 44 Scheide, Rudolf, 37, 63 Schirach, Baldur von, 44, 45 Schmidt, Francisco, 111-13 Schoegl, Richard, 53 Schröder, Gerhard, 128 Schule, Erwin, 119,123,128-29, гіг Schwammberger, Josef, 71 Scientists (Nazi), 16, 69, 345η SD unit (Nazi Party), 21, 27, 32-34, 205, 338η Servatius, Robert, 308, 315 Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 44 Shalom, Avraham background of, 160-61 on capture team, 160-63,165,167,173, 183-85,195-96, 208,215,218,237, 264 on Malkin, 169-70 in charge of safe houses and routes in Buenos Aires, 172,189-90,195-96, 203-4,2.19, 234, 244, 265, 271, Z73, ^■77-79 in Buenos Aires, 176-79,183-85, 189-91,195-96,206 in capture operation, 216, 221, 223, 225, 227-29 with Eichmann in Tira, 230-32 in charge of getting Eichmann from safe house to airplane, 244,252-53 and Mengele plan, 254 waits for Eichmann s arrival at airport, 281-83,285 leaves Buenos Aires, 293 INDEX 387 hears announcement of Eichmann s arrival in Israel, 300-301 after Eichmann s death, 325, 327 Shaul, Shaul, 263, 270, 274, 282, 286-88, 291-95 Shimoni, Yehuda, 171,181,185,186,195, 201 background of, 173 briefs Klein on his Buenos Aires duties, 191-93 coordinates El Al s departure from Israel, 214, 263, 272 Shin Bet (Israeli internal security service) Harel as head of, 103,104,134,187 Aharoni as chief interrogator for, 124, 131, 231, 301 Gat as agent of, 134 Eitan as administrator in, 153 Shalom as agent of, 160-63 capture teams connections with, 163 legal advice sought by, for capture operation, 164 Malkin as agent of, 166-71 Eichmann detained by, in Israel, 296 recognition of role of, in capture operation, 324-26 informers for, 344η Strinar, Felix, 98-100,105 Ships (to transport Eichmann from Argentina to Israel), 171,184, 244, 253 Sima, Horia, 22, 26 Slavic people, 128 Sobibor concentration camp, 90, 312 Socialists, 86,94, ç>ç> Solingen (Germany), 32,233 Soviet Union and extermination of Jews, 15, 34,312 interest of, in German scientists, 16 Nazi war criminals sent to, 30,71 at Nuremberg trials, 44,45 Eichmann tells friend he s leaving for, 66 and cold war, 67,85,161 softening of Stalin s policies in, 104 See ako Allies; Red Army Spain, 172, 251 Speer, Albert, 29,44 Stalin, Joseph, 15, 30,104 Der Stern, 307 Stern Gang (Jewish extremist group), 102, 103 Streicher, Julius, 30, 44 Suez War, 104,113 Sweden, 9, 94 Syria, 84,113 Taboada, Diogenes, 304-5 Tabor, Moshe on capture team, 162-63,167-69,173, 194,199, 203, 219-20 background of, 167-68 at first meeting of capture team, 167-69 as capture team s handyman, 203-6, 215, 234, 259, 277 in capture operation, 208-9, 216, 221-25, 227, 228 with Eichmann in Tira, 237, 245, 274 in trip to airport with Eichmann, 280, 285 with Eichmann in Israel, 296 does not tell about role in capture, 301 after Eichmann s death, 325-326 Tacuara (organization), 251, 265, 305, 354η Tattoos for concentration camp inmates, 12, 315, 320 for SS members, 36,49, 231 Theresienstadt concentration camp, 18-20 Tira (safe house), 194, 203, 211-12, 217, 218, 224 room for hiding Eichmann in, 211-12, 215, 219 Eichmann taken to, 228-29 Eichmanns stay in, 230-34, 236-41, 244-48,255-57, 260-61,266-69, 274-75 contingency plans for police attack on or Eichmami s escape from, 237-38 emotional difficulty of teams caring for Eichmann at, 244-48,255-60,266 Harel visits Eichmann at, 255-57 388 INDEX Tira (safe house) {cont.) preparations at, to get Eichmann to plane, 258-60, 276-77, 279-80 cleaning and leaving of, 293 Tirosh, Baruch, 181,182 Tohar, Zvi (El Al pilot) and flight from Israel to Argentina, 181-82, 244, 263-64, 269-74 on flight from Argentina to Israel, 281-82, 284-88, 290-96, 324 Trains. See Deportation (of Jews to concentration camps) TransAer, 200, 214 Transporting (of Eichmann from Argentina to Israel) plans for, 128,153,171-73,180-83, 19З-95. M3-44» 2.73-74 Harel in charge of, 168,171-73,191, 193-95. 213-15» 234-З5. 243-44. 27З-74. 77-79> 282, 283, 285-88, 290, 292, 294, 295-98 dates for, 191,195, 200, 237,264, 273-74 sedating of Eichmann for, 253, 271, 276, 279-80, 292, 294 description of, 282-85,290-95 See ako Έλ Μ Treblinka concentration camp, 312, 313 Trial (Eichmanns) following orders as defense in, 32, 74, 90,105,117-18, 241, 260-61, 266, 303, 315-16,319, 324 as opportunity to educate the world about the Holocaust, 128,153, 173-74» 216,267,304,313-16, 322-23,326 in Israel, 311-17 verdict, sentencing, appeals, and execution related to, 317-19 international impact of, 322-23 sons view of, 324 Tucumán (Argentina) Eichmann s work in, 78,80,89,91,122, 142 Dieter Eichmann says father is in, 139, 144,146,148,151,157 Ulm (West Germany), 120 United Arab Republic, 113 United Jewish Appeal, 156 United Nations, 28, 305, 358η United States rumors about Eichmann being in postwar, viii on calls for punishment of war criminals, 8,15 postwar interest of, in former Nazis, i6, 71,114 at Nuremberg trials, 44,45 and cold war, 67, 85 Jews resetding in, 81, 324η Bauer asks for assistance from, in extraditing Nazi war criminals, 146 civilian airlines of, 263 war archives in, 308 See ако Allies; CIA; CIC United States Army, 14-17, 26 See ab Allies; CIC University of Buenos Aires, 305 Vardi, Yitzhak (financier), 156-57 Vatican. See Catholic Church and ofEdals Vicente López district (Buenos Aires), 86, 136, 255,264, 278 Vienna (Austria) Eichmann in, 33,42, 54, 58,196-97, 297 Friedman in, 51,52, 57-61, 65-66,81, 82 Diamant in, 59-60 Volk, Luba as El Al representative in Buenos Aires, 185-86,193, 251-52,272,281 as ignorant of flight s purpose, 201 flees Buenos Aires, 305-6 War Crimes Unit, 40 War criminals Allies call to punish, 8,15 Eichmann s concern about being identified among, 10, 24,42-43, 48-49,56-57 lists of, 10,15-16, 24, 28, 31, 40, 48, 63-64 trials called for, 15,53,126, 298 INDEX 389 Kaltenbrunner s erTorts to dissociate himself from, 22 Allies search for, 27-31 Jews searching for Nazi, 30-31, 51-56, 60, 62-66, 80-85, 134~3б, 167-68, 262-63 trials for, in Germany, 43-48, 57, 63, 65, 70, 92-95,120,128, 303, 312, 323 cold war s impact on hunt for, 65, 66, 85,114 estimate of numbers of Nazi, 65 Catholic officials not accepting term of, 70-71 smuggling of, by United States, 71,114 number of, in Buenos Aires, 76 West Germany s claim of jurisdiction over, 84,126,144,164, 303-4 West Germany s lack of interest in pursuing, 84-85, 98-99,115,122-23, 164 hunting, as not Israels main priority, 101,113,170,187 trials for, in Israel, 101,107,311-23 Israel s interest in bringing Eichmann to trial as, 126,166,173-74, 216, 298-99, 358η United States asked for help in extraditing, 146 Eichmann tried as, in Israel, 311-17 continuing search for, after Eichmanns death, 323, 325 See also names of specific war criminak Warsaw (Poland), 2,59, 90 Wedeles, Shmuel, 263, 269, 274, 280-81, 284, 290 Der Weg (Nazi newspaper), 89,115 Weiden (Germany), 37-38 Weisl, Joseph, 57-59, 339η Weiss, Kurt, 114 Weizmann, Chaim, 171 West German Office for the Prosecution of National Socialist Criminals, 120 West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) rumors about Eichmann being in postwar, viii, 113 as having jurisdiction over war criminals, 84,126,144,164, 303-4 lack of interest in pursuing war criminals by, 84—85, 98—99,115, 122-23,127-28,164, 345η war crimes trials in, 92-95,120,128, 323 constitution of, 93, 94 reparations treaty of, with Israel, 98-99, 145 former Nazis in government of, 9Ç), 115, 127-28,145,157, 306-7, 316, 323, 343η, 345П as not following up on rumors about Eichmann s location, 114-15 Eichmann prefers to be tried in, 117, 241 Bauer seeks Eichmann s extradition to, 125,126 neo-Nazi outbreaks in, 127-29,145 silence about Holocaust in, 128 Mossad tries to interview Eichmann and Liebl families in, 133-36 Israels first diplomatic meeting with, HS reaction in, to news of Eichmann s capture and forthcoming trial, 306-7 war archives in, 308, 313 Vera Eichmann returns to, after Eichmann s death, 324 See ако specific pUces and people in Wiesel, Elie, 322 Wiesenthal, Pauline, 308 Wiesenthal, Simon search for Eichmann by, viii, 63-66, 80-85,115, 212-13 background of, 39-40, 85 learns about Eichmann, 39-41, 61 works with other Nazi-hunters, 60, 134-36 stamp collecting by, 81, 82 learns that Eichmann is in Argentina, 82-83 Eichmann file of, 85,104,164, 308 urges Israel to offer reward for locating Eichmann, 135 impact of capture operation on, 323 390 INDEX Wisliceny, Dieter, 46-48, 58, 335η Yitzhaki, Haim, 297-98 World Jewish Congress, 83,121, 212 Yossef, 132,139,155, 277 World War I, 32 Zichroni, 259, 277 Yad Vashem, 82, 85,104,118,308 Zinn, Georg-August, 99, 343η Yardén (boat), 320-21 Zionism, 33, 101-2 Yemen, 171 See aho Israel; Palestine Yiddish, 40,41 Zorea, Meir, 262
adam_txt	Index Adenauer, Konrad, 84-85, 98-99, 127,145, 306-7, 316 Aerolíneas Argentinas, 200, 214, 252, 273, 292 Agami, Moshe, 297,302 Aharoni, Zvi meets with Bauer in Israel, 123-25,128, 146 background of, 130 arrives in Argentina, 130-31,176,178-79 learns that Eichmann has moved from Chacabuco Street, 132-33,138, 141-42 locates Eichmanns San Fernando house, 136-45 identifies Eichmann visually, 151-52, 154» 179 takes photos of Eichmann, 154-59 returns to Israel to discuss Eichmann's capture, 158-59,163-64 on capture team, 159,162,163,167-68, 173,176,183-85,196,207-10, 2.15, 219 surveillance of Eichmann by, 197-98, 204 in capture operation, 216,221-29 interrogates Eichmann, 230-34,239-41, 254-56, 279-80, 353η efforts of, to get Eichmann to sign agreement to stand trial in Israel, 241,255, 267-68, 356η at El Al's arrival in Buenos Aires, 271,273 chauffeurs Eichmann to airplane, 2.77, 279,282-86 hears Ben-Gurion's announcement about Eichmann's capture, 298-99 after Eichmann's death, 325 spots Mengele in Brazil, 325 Allies approach Hungary, 2, 9 bomb Budapest, γ -Ç) draw up war criminal lists, 10,15-16, 24, 28,31, 48, 63-64 liberate concentration camps, I4-I7> 39 Eichmann's escapes from, 19, 24-27, 31-32,35-37,48-50, 56, 62-63, 71-75, 84, 239 search for ex-Nazis, 25-31, 4i~43> 4^ occupy Germany, 27-31 hold war crimes trials, 43-48,57. 63. <>5> 70, 240, 303,312 smuggle Nazi war criminals out of Germany, 71,114, 345η See ab France; Great Britain; Soviet Union; United States Alps, viii, 22-27, З^З2 See ako specific places in Altaussee (Austria) Eichmann family members in, 19-22, 24-26,31,47, 54-55, 6o, 63, 80, 336η Amadeo, Mario, 305 INDEX 371 Anti-Semitism in Europe, 5, 30,32,102 Eichmanns, 25, 32-35, 62, 88,196-97, 260, 318 in Argentina, 70,76, 83, 86-87, 93,152, 251,305 Klaus Eichmann's, 86, 92-93,157, 207, 305 Eichmann denies his, go, 260-61 West German outbreaks of, 127-29,145 See also Final Solution; Jews; Nazis Antonio, Jorge, 116 Arendt, Hannah, 323, 337η Argentina diplomatic issues with Mossad capture operation in, viii, 152,164, 207, 304-6 Eichmann is smuggled into, 66-69, 71-75, 91,122, 340П government officials' support for ex-Nazis in, 6g, 83, 93,123,152,157 anti-Semitism in, 70, 76, 83, 86-87, 93> 152, 251, 305 Jewish community in, 70,107,186, 272, 305 description of, 73-74, 77 150th anniversary independence celebration in, 172,173,180,181-82, 185,186, 244, 247 heightened security in, during anniversary celebrations and period of Eichmann's capture, 180,189, 196,201, 203-4,2.64-65, 271,276 Ministry of Aviation of, 201, 252,272, 281 See ako Buenos Aires; Coronel Suárez; Tucumán Argentinisches Tageblatt, 92,149 Assassination (Mossad considers, as a possibility for Eichmann), 126, 167-68,199, 237 Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp Sapir in, 7, II-I2, 314 extermination of Jews at, 8-9, 256, 30г, 312-14, 320 news from, 15,16-17 Eichmann at, 19 survivors of, 52,59,170,192,309-10, 322 Mengele's role at, 65,122,188,240, 254, 257 trials of war criminals from, 323 See aho Höss, Rudolf Austria deportation operations in, 3, 39 forced march of Hungarian Jews to, 11 as Eichmann's native country, 19, 35 Germany's occupation of, 33 former Nazis in, 81 Jewish avenger groups in, 168 See also specific places in Avivi, Mordechai, 273 Bach, Gabriel, 313-14 Баку, László, 9 Baromi, Joel, 306 "Barth, Adolf," 31,36, 74 Bauer, Fritz background of, 93-95,128 learns that Eichmann is in Argentina, 93-9Î» "3 launches search for Eichmann, 95,109, 343η prods Israelis to search for Eichmann, 98-100,105-7,121-25,146, 212 learns of Israel's halt in search for Eichmann, 113-14 new source of Eichmann information for, 121-23,125,126,132,139, 346η learns that Eichmann has been captured, 297-98 capture operation's impact on, 323 Bauer, Kurt, 49, 56 Belgium, 3, 70, 96 Belzec concentration camp, 66,312 Ben-Ari, Mordechai, 172-73, 296 Ben-Gurion, David on hunting war criminals, 53,145, 304 as Israeli prime minister, 83,262,326 Middle East concerns of, 113 Harel as reporting to, 116,124,125-27, 235,248-49, Z96-ţ>7 Friedman beseeches, to search for Eichmann, 121 372 INDEX Ben-Gurion, David {cont.) authorizes search, capture, and transport of Eichmann to Israel, 126,128,129,187-88, 207 offers legal justification for capture of German on foreign soil, 144-45, 3°4 learns of Eichmanns capture, 248-49 learns of Eichmann's arrival in Israel, 296-97 announces Eichmann's capture and detention, 298-301, 303-8,323 on significance of Eichmann trial, 313 Ben-Natan, Asher. See Pier, Arthur Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 14, 16-17, 66, 90, 202 Berlin (Germany), 14,17-21, 33, 71 Blaa-Alm (Austria), 22-24, 26 Blanc, Shimon, 274, 291 Bloch, Michael, 133-35 Bohne, Gerhard, 71 Boldt, Gerhard, 116-17 Bormann, Martin, 21, 44, 240, 325 Bower, Tom, 338η Bradley, Omar, 16 Brand, Joel, 27, 334η Brandt, Willy, 94 Brazil, 81,216 El Al landing in, 182, 263,269-71, 273, 282,286, 288-89 Brichah (Jewish underground group), 40, 51-54,309 Britannia airplanes El Al's, 173,182,186,214, 244, 273-74, 277,282, 288, 289 other airlines flying, 200-201 El Al's, on flight to Argentina, 262-64, 269-73 El Al's, on flight to Israel, 290-95 Buchenwald concentration camp, 16 Budapest (Hungary), i, 3-4,7-10,37-38, 46,71, 256,309 Buenos Aires (Argentina) Eichmann capture operation in, vi, vii— viii, 221-29 as Eichmann's destination, 6ç>, 71-75 German community in, 6^, 76-77, 86-87,117,152,224,242 ex-Nazi network and supporters in, 69-72, 75, j6, 87-93,116,125,152, 157, 224, 237, 240-41, 250-51, 265-66, 276, 285, 288-89 Jewish community in, 70,107,186, 272, 305 description of, 74, 77 Eichmann living in, 89,91-92 Mossad agents look for Eichmann on Chacabuco Street in, 106-7, ni-13, 115,132-33,136-39 Friedman learns that Eichmann lives in, 121 anniversary flight as El Al's first to, 171, i8o, 200, 264, 271 capture team starts to gather in, 175-79 heightened security in, during period of Eichmann capture, 180,189,196, 201, 203-4, 264-65,271, 276 harbor of, 184, 244, 253 See ако Capture operation; Ezeiza Airport; Olivos neighborhood; San Fernando neighborhood Bureau 06 (Israel), 302,308-10, 319 Burger, Anton, 22, 23, 26, 59 Bus 203, vi, vii-ix, 183,207,220,222-29 Camp Iyar, 301-3,317,319 Capital punishment, 317 CAPRI (company), 78, 89,122,157 Capture operation (in Buenos Aires) map of, vi description of, vii-ix, 221-29 difficulties associated with, 152-53 importance of keeping Eichmann alive during, 153,174,188, 222, 228 agents involved in, 153-54, I55>> 160-63 plans for team's Argentina journey and stay during, 164-66 team for, meets for first time, 166-71 three different possibilities for, 168 team for, starts to gather in Buenos Aires, 175-209 date for, 191,195,200, MO-ii, 213 finalizing of plans for, 206-12 contingencies outlined for, 216-18 team waits for appointed time in, 219-20 INDEX 373 Eichmann's glasses lost during, 236, 243, 250 team's silence about, in later years, 300-301 See also Cars; Garibaldi Street; Safe houses; Transporting (of Eichmann from Argentina to Israel) Caroz, Yaakov, 248 Cars in capture operation, vi, vii— viii, 189, 20(3-9, 21<Э> 221-29 rental of, 166,172,190,191, 204, 234 trapdoor in, 203, 215, 234 repairing and polishing of, 212, 215, 219 for taking Eichmann to plane, 277, 282-83 return of, 285, 293 See also License plates Catholic Church and officials, 9, 68—72, 75,91,122,305 Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (crowcass), 28, 48 Cesarani, David, 337η Chacabuco Street (Olivos neighborhood) Eichmann's former residence on, 95, 106-7, Ш-13, 115, 122,132-33, 136-38,141,144, 279 Chełmno concentration camp, 312 Choter-Ischai (Jewish Brigade captain), 39.40 Churchill, Winston, 15,30 CIA, 39,84-85,104,114-15,231,307, 345η See ako Office of Strategic Services CIC (Counter Intelligence Corps, U.S. Army), 26, 28-31, 42--43.47~49> 63-66, 342η Cohen, Benno, 297,302 Cohen, Haim, 122,124-26,212,297-98, 346η on legal justification for capture of German on foreign soil, 144-45, 164 on getting signed statement from Eichmann agreeing to stand trial in Israel, 241 Cold war, 65, 66, 85,114 Communists, 32,34,70-71,104,114 Concentration camps conditions in, 2, 7, 11-13, 16-17, 34) 38 tattoos in, 12, 315, 320 liberation of, 14—17, 39 survivors of, 39-40, 51-52, 59, 85, 93-94, 98-99, I70, I92, 2O6, 274, 292,296,309 Eichmanns low visibility in, 42,266 Eichmann's involvement with, 62,167, 307 doctors associated with, 65,122,188, 240, 254, 257 forgers in, 162, 202 See also Final Solution; specific concen¬ tration camps, victims, and survivors Coronel Suárez (Argentina), 92—94,108, 121 Czechoslovakia, 3,10,19, 31,33, 39, 63, 64, 70,171 See ако Theresienstadt concentration camp Dachau concentration camp, 86,274 Dachsgrube coal mines, n-12, 310,314 Dakar (Senegal), 182,183, 263, 273-74, 282, 289, 291, 293-95 Damascus (Syria), 84,113 Dani, Shalom on capture team, 162,173,177,195, 201-3, aI5' 234. 2.59-60, 293 background of, 202 after Eichmanns death, 326 Darom, Shaul, 105-7 Denmark, 2,3,94 Department IVB4 (Third Reich Security), viii, 2, 31,47,90 Deportation (of Jews to concentration camps) Eichmann's deception concerning, 3-4, 6,9,13.90. 256.310 as Eichmann's specialty, 3-4, 6,8-10,13, 15,18,19,33-35» 9°> i°4-5> и8, 192, 256, 2бб, зю, 312,315-17 Deportation (of Poles), 34 Diamant, Manus, 59-61, 64-65,104 Diplomatic pouches, 131-32,155,165-66 374 INDEX Disguises capture teams use of, 219 for Eichmann and kidnappers as they board plane, 243-44, 253,259, 273, 276-77, 279, 280,284 Dömöter, Edoardo, 72 Dönitz, Karl, 24, 29,44 Doppi (Austria), 58, 60-61 Doron (safe house), 194-95, 203, 205-9, 211 Drori, Moshe, 296 Dulles, Allen, 114, 307 Eban, Abba, 262, 272 "Eckmann, Otto," 36-38,42-43, 6г, 63,74 Eden, Anthony, 15, 28 Egypt, 49 Israel's tensions with, 83,167, 294-95, 326 Suez War with, 104,113 Eichmann, Adolf capture of, vii— ix, 225-29 real identity hidden by, in Argentina, viii, 69, 72, 7Ч-79, 87,91,96,122, 132, 224, 251 role of, in Nazi genocide of Jews, viii, 1-4, 6-11,35,41,45-48, 62, 90,92, 100-101,104-5,121,168, 218, 245, 256, 298,308,312-13 deportation as Nazi specialty of, 3-4, 6, 8-ю, 13,15,18,19,33-35,90,104-5, 118,192, 256,266,310,312,315-17 in Munkács, 6,13, 309-10 concern of, about being identified as a war criminal, 10, 24, 42-43, 48-49, mistresses of, 10, 25, 58-61, 256 postwar plans of, 18-19, г7 destruction of files of, 19 escapes from Allies, 19,24-27, 31-32, 35-37.48-50, 56, 62-63, 66-69, 71-75,84, 239 establishes Nazi resistance group in Austria, 21-23, 26-27 background and marriage of, 24-26, 32-35 anti-Semitism of, 25,32-35, 62, 88, 196-97, 260, 318 musical interests of, 25, 57, 213 postwar poverty of, 25, 78, 91-92,106, 112-13,115-16, 144,183-84, 230, 336η lack of guilt experienced by, 32, 88, 117-18, 197, 239, 241, 261, 266,307, 315-16, 318 spiritual views of, 32, 75, 317—19 SS tattoo of, 36, 49, 231 as German POW, 36-38, 49, 59, 239 as having kept a low profile among Jewish victims, 42 personal characteristics of, 43,47,58, 78, 88-89, 96,109,117 Jewish avengers' search for, 54—56 smuggled out of Europe, 66-69, 71— 75> 91, 122, З4ОП Argentine jobs held by, 77-78, 89, 91-92,109,116,122,149,157, 220, 242-43 as brooding over Germany's loss, 78, 88, 89, 116-18, 149, 221 appearance of, in postwar years, 79,92, 96,151-52,155,167,197,203, 225, 256 posing of, as sons' uncle, 79, 87, 96 autobiographies of, 87-91, 117-18,149> 307-9,316, 317, 345η West German arrest warrant for, 94 Sylvia Hermann meets, 95-97. 343η plastic surgery rumors about, 109,112 rumors about, not followed up on, 114-15 Nazi-hunters as learning alias of, 12г, 124, 1^6 Mossad considers assassinating, 126, 167-68,199, 237 learns he's being sought in Argentina, 148-50 Mossad's concerns about ability of, to defend himself or escape, 152-53. 205,237-38 capture team recognizes, 178-79 on day of capture, 220-21 I N D K X 375 as resigned to his iate once caught, 228-30, 245, 255, 280, 292, 302-3 as captive in Buenos Aires safe house, 230-34, 236-41, 244-48, 255-57, 260-61, 266-69, 2.74-75 Mossads interrogation of, in Buenos Aires, 230-34, 239-41, 254-56, 353η Mossads efforts to obtain signed agreement from, to stand trial, 241, 255, 267-6S, 304, 356η Israeli charges against, 297, 312 interrogations of, in Israel, 302-3, 308 international reaction to capture and forthcoming trial of, 304-6 trial and execution of, 311-17 ashes of, 320-21 See aho Capture operation; Deporta¬ tion; Final Solution; Garibaldi Street; Identity(ies); Photographs; Transporting; Trial; names of relatives, associates, and specific people searching for Eichmann, Adolf Karl (Eichmann's rather), 19, 32,41-42,312 Eichmann, Dieter ("Dito," Eichmanns son) during World War II, 24-26, 42 names of, 48, 80, 232 Nazi-hunters' involvement with, 64-65 in Argentina, 78-82,95,115,121,138-41, 149,150,155,158,305 search for Eichmann by, 224, 236, 237, 240, 241-43, 250-51,265-66 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 after Eichmann's death, 324 Eichmann, Horst (Eichmann's son) during World War II, 24-26,42 Nazi-hunters' involvement with, 64-65 in Argentina, 78-82,115,121 and merchant marine, 92,149, 242 political views of, 157, 207,324 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 Eichmann, Klaus ("Nick," Eichmann's son) during World War II, 24-26, 4г Nazi-hunters' involvement with, 64-65 with rather in Argentina, 78-82, 92,115, 121 keeps original surname, 80, 240 anti-Semitism of, 86, 92-93,157, 207, 305 description of, 86 Mossad s use of, to learn Eichmann's identity and location, 86-87, 92~93> 95-97' io8, 141-42,150 wife of, 147-49, 2I3 search for Eichmann by, 224, 236, 237, 240, 241-43, 250-51, 265-66, 354η learns Eichmann was taken to Israel, 288-89 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 after Eichmann's death, 324 Eichmann, Margarita (Nicks wife), 147-49, Щ Eichmann, Nick. See Eichmann, Klaus ("Nick") Eichmann, Otto (Adolf's brother), 54-55, 135.164 Eichmann, Ricardo Francisco (Eichmann's youngest son), vii, 95,121, 318, 324 birth of, in Argentina, 91,144,149 Nazi-hunters observe, in San Fernando, 143-44,155, 203, 260 Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Liebl efforts of, to declare husband legally dead, vii, 63-64 with husband in Argentina, vii, 78-80, 121, 213 Eichmann leaves behind, after the war, 10, 24-26, 73 locations of, during World War II, 10, 21,24 marriage of, 24-25,40,42,80,92 declines to join Nazi Party, 25 denies having contact with husband after war, 47, 60 Nazi-hunters knowledge of location of, 54-55» 59 Nazi-hunters' involvement with, 60, 64-65 Nazi-hunters lose trail of, 80-84 376 INDEX Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Liebl {cont.) remarriage claims about, 92-93,105, 109,134-35.148 Nazi-hunters renew search for, 95,105, 134-35.139.143-44 Nazi-hunters find, in San Fernando, 143-44,146-48,151 Mossad's surveillance of, 196 nightmare of, 2.13, 220 and Eichmanns capture, 224-25, 235-37. 2.4°. 242-43, 305,306 grants permission for sale of rights to Eichmann's memories, 307 Eichmann writes final letter to, 318 after Eichmann's death, 324 Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 323 Einsatzgruppen, 34, 55, 65 Eisenhower, Dwight, 14,16,17, 29 Eitan, Ran background of, 153-54 as part of Mossad capture team, 153-54, 173,174,199-200,2.04-6, 216-17, 219-20 and Shalom, 161,162-63 in charge of tactical plans for Eich¬ mann's capture, 165-66,172,179, 205,208,264 and Malkin, 166-68 arrives in Buenos Aires, 195-97 heads team meeting at Maoz, 199-200 and finalization of capture plans, 209-12 in capture operation, 221-25,227-29 with Eichmann in Tira, 234, 237-38, 246,255,257,260,268-69, 274-75. 277 and Mengele plan, 254 on trip to airport with Eichmann, 280, 283-85 leaves Buenos Aires, 293,300 witnesses Eichmann's execution, 319, 320 after Eichmann's death, 326 El Al first flight of, to Buenos Aires, 171,180, 200,264,271 choosing, for transporting Eichmann to Israel, 171-73 Argentine anniversary celebration as cover for transporting Eichmann on, 172,173,180,181-82, 244 "monkey business crews" on, 172, 263 crew selection for, 173,180-82, 244 employees of, summoned to Buenos Aires, 185-86 dates for flights of, 191,195, 200, 237, 264, 273-74 finding parking place for plane at airport, 201, 214, 252, 273 contingency plans for, 204 Eichmann dressed in uniform of, 243, 253, 259,273,279, 280,284 private passengers booked for special flight on, 251-52,272, 273 flight from Israel to Argentina by, 262-64, 2(%>-73 arrival of, in Argentina, 271-73 return crew for, 274, 279, 280-81, 283-86,295-96 flight plans of, for trip from Buenos Aires to Israel, 282, 286-88, 294 return flight of, to Israel, 285-88, 290-95 recognition of role of, in capture operation, 324 See also Britannia airplanes England. See Great Britain Eshel, Arie, 83 Eytan, Walter, 100 Ezeiza Airport (near Buenos Aires) Aharoni arrives at, 130-31 Gat arrives at, 175-76,179 Klein arranges for Eichmann's departure from, 200-201, 213-15, 243-44, 2.52-53, 259, 271-72, 279, 281, 284-88 El Al flight arrives at, 271-73 capture team prepares for flight from, 277-78,280-82,300 El Al's departure from, 285-88, 290-95 See also El Al; Klein, Yosef; Volk, Luba INDEX 377 Feiersleben, Hans, 49, 57, 67 Final Solution (Holocaust) Eichmanns role in, viii, 1—4,7-й, 35, 41,45-48, 62,90,92, loo-ioi, 104-5, 12·ΐ> 168, 218,245, 2.56, 298, 3θ8, 312-13 Jewish Mossad agents and officials having lost families Kvviii, 65,107, 131,134,162,170,173,182,192,197, 202, 206, 245, 259, 263, 268, 302, 320 Himmlers order to begin, 2,10, 46 deportation as Eichmanns specialty in, 3-4, 6, 8-ю, 13,15,18,19, 33-35, 90, 104-5,118,192,256, 266,310, 312, 315-17 Sapir as survivor of, 4-7, 11-14, 309-10, 314-15. 334П revelation of, to world, 14-17,44-45, 128,153,174, 216,304, 313-16, 322-23,326 Eichmann's estimate of number of Jews killed in, 19 Eichmann's role in, not immediately recognized by Allies, 31, 45-49 survivors of, 39-40, 51-52, 59, 85, 93-94,98-99,170,192, 206, 274, 292, 296,309 meaning of term, 46, 312 Eichmann as wanting to set the record straight on, 89, 267 West Germany's compensation to Jewish survivors of, 98-99,145 number of survivors of, in Israel, 101 survivors' early silence about, 101, 304, 309,322 Israel's existence as linked to, 104 as causing Jews to lose their faith, 124 West Germany's silence about, 128 and selection of Eichmann's Israeli guards, 302 See also Concentration camps; Deportation; Yad Vashem "Following orders" as Eichmann's defense, 32,74,90,105, 117-18, 241, 260-61, 266,303, 315-16,319,324 Catholic officials on, 70-71 Eichmann denies, 80 Malkin enlists Eichmann's cooperation by urging, 280 France, з, 8, 39,44,45, 70, 96 Frank, Hans, 30, 44 Frankfurt (Germany), 92, 93,105,128,146 Freemasons, 32,71 Freude, Rodolfo, 70 Frick, Wilhelm, 44 Friedman, Anna (Tuviah's wife), 81-82, 118,120 Friedman, Arye, 273, 292 Friedman, Bella, 51,52 Friedman, Tuviah ("Tadek") Holocaust experiences of, 51-52 enlistment of, in effort to find Eichmann, 51-54 search for Eichmann by, 57-61, 65-66, 81-82, 85,118-21,123, 212 Eichmann file kept by, 82,104,120, 308 on Eichmann's whereabouts, 118-21, 128-29,149 urges reward for locating Eichmann, 120,135 impact of capture operation on, 323, 324 Fritzsche, Hans, 44 Frondizi, Arturo, 152, 304-5 Fuldner, Carlos, 70,76-78,242, 251, 354η Fuldner Company, 122,139,146 Funk, Walter, 44 Garibaldi Street (San Fernando neighbor¬ hood) Eichmann's capture on, vii-ix, 221-29 Mossad surveillance of Eichmann's house on, 151-52, Г54-59, 178-79» 183-84,190-91,194-200, 203-6, 219 routes to and from, 172,189-91, 194~95> 2O3-4> 207-8, 212 team plans for capture on, 199-200, 207-8, 216 378 INDEX Garibaldi Street (cont.) Eichmann asked for directions on, 213 Eichmann's lost glasses on, 236, 243, 250 Gas chambers in Auschwitz, 8-9,12,15, 62, 90 in other concentration camps, 90,105, 121, 292, 307, 320 Gat, Yaakov interviews Eichmann and Liebl families in Germany, 133-36,144 background of, 134 on capture team, 158-59,163,173,175, 178-79,184,189-90,194, 215, 217, 219, 300-301 in capture operation, 216, 221, 223, 225, 227, 228 with Eichmann in Tira, 233, 237, 239, 268 with Eichmann en route to Buenos Aires airport, 282-84 with Eichmann on flight to Israel, 294 with Eichmann in Israel, 296 after Eichmann's death, 325 Gehlen, Reinhard, 114,307 Germany deportation operations in, 3 Allies as driving toward, 8,14 scientists from, 16, 69, 345η surrender of, 24 Allied occupation of, 27-31 POWsfrom,3i Eichmann born in, 32,42, 233 Eichmann returns to, after World War II, 35-36, 49, 56-57, 62-63, 2.39 war crimes trials held in, 43-48, 57, 63, 65,70,92-95,120,128,303, 312, 323 Eichmann leaves, for last time, 68 rumors that Vera Eichmann moved to, 81 Kristallnacht in, 87,130,160-61 interviews with Vera Eichmann's family in, 105,128,133-34,144 Jewish avenger groups in, 168 See aho Hitler, Adolf; Nazis; War criminals; West Germany Giovanna С (ship), 73-74,78 Glasses (Eichmann's), 236, 243, 250 Gleiwitz concentration camp, 13 Globke, Hans, 99,115,127-28,145, 306-7, 316, 323, 343η, 345П Globocnik, Odilo, 34 Goebbels, Joseph, 21,114 Goettsch, Werner, 338η Goggles (for Eichmann), 227, 231, 237-38, 255-56,267,268,292 Goldmann, Michael, 319, 320 Goldmann, Nahum, 83-85 Goni, Uki, 340η Goren, Yoel, 106-7,112-13, 279, 280, 284 Göring, Hermann, 20, 29, 44. 45> З^ Great Britain, viii on Holocaust, 15 concentration camp liberation by, 16 search for ex-Nazi war criminals by, 28, 30, 48,67 and Palestine, 30,40,102,103,130-31, 153-54,169 at Nuremberg trials, 44,45 See aho Allies Greece, 39, 295, 343η Haganah killing of ex-Nazis by, 30-31 search for Eichmann by, 51-54. 57~6i disbanding of, 65 members of, 102-4,120,153-54.161, 169, 263 airplanes used for, 171 Halevi, Emanuel, 297, 358η Harel, Isser (head of Mossad) learns about Eichmann, 100-105 as Mossad and Shin Bet chief, 100-105, 131,134,185,187, 300 background of, 101-4 and Bauer, 105-6,124-25, 345η calls ofF early Eichmann search in Argentina, 112-14, 122 Ben-Gurion as boss of, 116,124,125-27, 235,248-49, zç)6-Ç)7 renews search for Eichmann in Argentina, 125-29,132 INDEX 379 learns that Klement is likely Eichmann, 138,144, 152, 155, 159,164 learns where Eichmann is living, 144 capture mission concerns of, 152-54, 164-66,170 goes to Buenos Aires to oversee capture, 153,166,177,180,186-87,190-91. 245-46 orders Aharoni to return to Tel Aviv for debriefing, 158 puts capture team together, 160-63, 169, 202 in charge of transporting Eichmann to Israel, 168,171-73,191,193-95, 213-15, 234-35, 243-44. 273-74. 277-79, 282, 283, 285-88, 290,292, 294, 295-98 motivational talks by, 173-74, 215-16, 252 "go" order for capture operation from, 178-79 receives Ben-Gurions blessing for mission, 187-88, 207 Mengele search by, while in Buenos Aires, 188-89, 24°> 2,54—55, 2.57-58, 264-65,274,278-79 meets with team members in Buenos Aires, 190-91, 206,207-12, 215-16 illness of, during capture operation, 206-7,2.24-25 learns of capture operation's success, 234-35 sees Eichmann at Tira, 255-57 and date for announcement of Eichmann's capture, 293,297 hears Ben-Gurion's announcement about Eichmann's capture, 298-99 after Eichmann's death, 325, 326 Hassin, Gady, 270,274, 28г, 294-95 Hausner, Gideon, 312-13, 315, 316 Hebrew language, 33,40,41, 58,130,233, 312 Helmut, Gregor, 264 See abo Mengele, Josef "Heninger, Otto," 49,56-57, 67, 74, гіг, 239 Hermann, Lothar learns of Eichmann's presence in Argentina, 86-87,115 reports from, on Eichmann's location, 92-95, 98,121-23,129,133, 212 searches for Eichmann in Argentina, 95, 97, Ш-14 Israelis' interest in identity of, 105-7 Hofštetter's interview with, 108-10, 302, 324 Israeli dismissal of reports from, 112-14, 124-25 after Eichmann's trial, 323-24 Hermann, Sylvia and search for Eichmann's true identity, 86-87, 92-93, 95-97,111-12,122, 133, 240, 343η after Eichmann's trial, 324 Heydrich, Reinhard, 19, 32, 34-35, 205, 307 Himmler, Heinrich order from, to begin Final Solution, 2, 10,46 other orders from, 11,18-20, 22, 23, 29 death of, 29 associates of, 70 Hitler, Adolf Hungary's occupation by forces under, 1-4, 9,10 Eichmann's responsibilities under, 2-3, 266 genocidal aims of, 15, 32-34, 46 death of, 20-22 supporters of, 27,70, 73,76, 87, 93,94, 102, 116-17, 251 West German textbooks on, 128 See aho Final Solution; Nazis Hitler: The Last Ten Days (Boldt), 116-17 Hitler Youth, 26, 27,45,73 Hofer, Franz, 19 Hofstetter, Ephraim ("Karl Huppert"), 107-10,112,302-3, 308, 324 Holocaust. See Final Solution Horthy, Miklós, 9-11, 15 Hoss, Rudolf, 8-9,11, 44> 45> 62,313 Höttl, Wilhelm, 335η, 336η, зз8п 380 INDEX Hudal, Alois, 70-71 Hull, William, 317-21 Hungary Eichmann's determination to remove Jews from, 1-11,35,39, 54, 256, 314-16 Nazi support in, 4,5,8,9 Eichmann's visibility in, 42,192, 309-10, 314 Jewish sabotage in, 59 See also Budapest; Munkács Hünsche, Otto, 26 "Huppert, Karl." See Hofstetter, Ephraim ICRC, 72,122 Identity(ies) Eichmanns use of false, in Argentina, viii, 69, 72, 78-79,87,91, 96,122, 132,224, 251 other former Nazis' use of false, 17-18, 57-58 Eichmann's use of false, in Europe, 31-32, 36-38,42,48,49,62-63, 67-69,74 Nazi-hunters' use of false, 52,135, 152 Eichmann's use of false, with women, 56 Jews' use of false, under Nazis, 59 exposure of some of Eichmanns false, 62-63,41-32,239 prevalence of false, in postwar Europe, 71 Israelis' interest in Lothar Hermann's, 105-7 Mossad agents' use of false, 108,130, 135, ИЗО, IŐ2, IÓ5, 172, 2О2, 2Об, 276 Mossad agents' efforts to discover Eichmann's Argentine, 109-10, 131-ЗЗ. 135-44.146-48,151-52, 154-59» 163-64,216 rumors about Eichmann's possible, "3-15 of Bauer's source on Eichmann, 122, 123,125, 346η establishing true, of Nick Eichmann, 136-38,141-42,150 witnesses on Eichmann's true, 164,297, 302,308-10,314 Eichmann admits to true, 228, 231-32, 268, 297 Eichmann's false, for flight to Israel, 259, 277 Mengele's false, in Argentina, 264 See abo Disguises; Passports Hani, Ephraim (Mossad agent), 107-8, no, 113 on capture team, 163,168,173 as Buenos Aires expert, 168 in Buenos Aires, 175, 17& 79> l84> 19З. 194, 215, 234-35. 257. 2-93 Inbau, Fred, 231 Innsbruck (Austria), 19, 68, 82 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 72,122 International Military Tribunal (Nurem¬ berg). See Nuremberg trials Interpol, 95, 99, 149 Irgun Qewish extremist group), 102,103, 131 Iron Guard (Romania), 22,76 Israel rumors about Eichmann being in postwar, viii, 63,114 War of Independence in, 65,131,153, 161,169,173,181, 245, 263, 309 Jews resettling in, 81-82,118-20 significance of trying Eichmann in, 82, 126,128,153,173-74.188,194. 252-53, 267, 304, 313-16,322, 326-27 Nazi-hunters prod, to search for Eichmann, 82-85, 98-100,105-7, 121-25,135,146, 212 West Germany's reparations treaty with, 98-99,145 legal justification for prosecuting Nazis in, 101,126, i44-45> l<>4> 3°3~4· 358n Nazi-hunting as not primary activity of, 101,113,170,187 war crimes trials in, 101,107,311-23 existence of, linked to Holocaust, 104 West Germany's first diplomatic meeting with, 145 invited to attend Argentina's 150th INDEX 381 anniversary celebration, 172, 184-86,195, 244 ambassador to Argentina from, 206-7, 213, 265,304-5 Eichmann knows he's been captured by, 233 Mossad s erForts to get Eichmann to sign agreement to stand trial in, 241, 255, 267-68, 304, 356η Eichmann agrees to go to, to stand trial, 268 Eichmann's arrival in, 295-97 number of Holocaust survivors in, 304 Eichmann's trial and sentencing in, 311-19 capital punishment in, 317 See also Ben-Gurion, David; Capture operation; Knesset; Mossad; Palestine; Transporting; Trial Israel Mission, 98—100 Italy, 3, 8 Eichmanns smuggled to Argentina via, 68,72-73,79, 91,122 El Al refueling in, 182, 263,294,295 Jackson, Robert, 45 Jänisch, Rudolf, 22, 27,31, 36-37,42,48, 62 Jaworzno concentration camp, 11-13,40 Jerusalem. See Israel Jewish Agency for Palestine, 40,53, 297 Jewish Brigade, 30, 39,167 Jewish Settlement Police, 130 Jews avengers against ex-Nazis among, viii, 30-31, 54-56, 62-63, 85,167-68, 262-63 Eichmann's determination to eliminate, 1-11, 17-20,34-35 numbers of, in Hungary before World War II, 2 confiscation of wealth of, by Nazis, 3,6, 25, юб, z$6, 312 deportation of, to concentration camps, 3-9.13. 1?. 18,19.33— 35> 90. iO4-5> n8, 192, 206, 266,310,312,315-17 ghettoization of, by Nazis, 3, 4-5, 9, 34, 51,192, 202, 256, 309-10, 312, 314 strictures on, in Nazi-controlled areas, 3. 5.9. 33.35. 93-94. 99> rái, 256, 312 numbers of Hungarian, deported by Eichmann, 8, 46 extermination of, by Nazis, 8-9,12-13, 15-17, 34,45, 46, 64, 85, 86, 88,197, 302, 312-14, 320 as bargaining chips for Germany late in war, 10,18-20 number of, exterminated in Holocaust, 19,48, 2j6, 313 Eichmann denies killing any, 32, 80, 90, 117-18 number of, targeted for extermination, 35.88 number of, in Argentina, 76 as responsible for their fate under Nazis, 90 war crimes compensation for, 98-99, 145 immigration of Moroccan, to Israel, 104, 202, 245 Holocaust as causing loss of faith of, 124 as Mossad volunteers, 132-33,135-43, 146-48,155-58, 234-35, 157-58. 264, 277, 278, 304 See ако Anti-Semitism; Concentration camps; Deportation; Final Solution; Palestine Jodl, Alfred, 29,44 "Juan" (sayan), 136-43 Junkers, Werner, 123 Jurmann (German landlady), 255, 257 Kabiri, Oved, 274 Kalmanowitz, Abraham, 84-85 Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 19-23,26, 28-29, 31,44,239 "Kaplan, Maurice" (Dr.) on capture team, 163,195,220,246, 282 arrives in Buenos Aires, 206 in capture operation, 216,221,227 examines Eichmann, 230-31,279 382 INDEX "Kaplan, Maurice" (Dr.) {cont.) sedates Eichmann, 253, 276, 279-80, 292,294 on airplane with Eichmann, 284 Kasztner, Rezső, 101,107, 256, 344η Keitel, Wilhelm, 29,44 Khrushchev, Nikita, 104 Kibbutzim Polish, 52, 53 Latvian, 101-2 in Palestine, 102,130,131,153,161,309 Kistaresa internment camp (Hungary), 9 Klein, Yosef, 173 summoning of, to Buenos Aires, 185—86 learns of Buenos Aires duties, 191—95 background of, 192 makes airport arrangements for transporting Eichmann, 200—201, 213-15,243-44,2-52.-53.159.2-71-72·» 279, 281, 284-88 returns to New York, 292-93 "Klement, Nikolas," 136-38,141-42,150 See also Eichmann, Klaus ("Nick") "Klement, Ricardo" as Eichmann's Argentine identity, 69, 72, 74-75,78-79,231, 232, 242 identified as former Chacabuco Street resident, in, 122 rumors about, as Eichmann's Argentine identity, 115 Bauer learns true identity of, 122,124, 126 Mossad's attempts to confirm real identity of, 132-42,144 moves away from Chacabuco Street, 133.138 Mossad tries to discover new address for, 136-38 Mossad considers possibility that Eichmann is not, 216 admits true identity under interroga¬ tion, 230—34 See also Eichmann, Adolf; Identity(ies) Knesset, 128,129,298-99,308,325,326 Kops, Reinhard, γι, γι Krawietz, Nellie, 49,56-57, 62,66, (η Kristallnacht, 87,130,160-61 Krupp, Gustav, 44 Kuhlmann, Herbert, 73, 78, 91 Kuwait, viii, 120,121,123,128,149 Landau, Moshe, 312,315,316-17 Latvia, 101-2, 312 "Lavi, Meir" {sayan), 235,278 Leers, Johannes von, 114 Less, Avner, 302-3, 308, 313, 317 Levavi, Arye, 207, 265, 304-5 Ley, Robert, 30,44 License plates, 203, 205, 215, 228, 234 Lidice (Poland), 312 Liebl, Vera (Vera Eichmann's maiden name) Vera's use of, to travel, 79, 81,139 See also Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Liebl Liebl family, 64,105,128,133—34,144 Life magazine, 88, 307 Lindhorst, Anna, 66, 6y Linz (Austria) Eichmann raised in, 19,21, 24-25,32, 41-42 Wiesenthal in, 39, 60, 64, 80, 83 Diamant in, 59-61 rumors of Eichmann's death in, 85 Lithuania, 312 Lodz (Poland), 34 "Lorenzo" {ѕауап), 138 Lühr, Heinz, 78 Lukas, Karl, 63, 64 Lüneburg Heath (Germany), 54-55> 62-63, 66,71 Lvov (Poland), 85 Madagascar, 34, 261 Majdanek concentration camp, 307, 312 Malkin, Frutna, 170,197,247,327 Malkin, Peter on capture team, 163,166-71, Г73> 199-200, 203-6, 210-11, 285 reads Eichmann file, 168,170,196 fears Eichmann, 168-69,218 background of, 169-70 and capture plans, 194,208-10, 215,216, 219-20 INDEX 383 arrives in Buenos Aires, 195-97 mother of, 197, 301, 326-27 in capture operation, 221—28 with Eichmann in Tira, 231, 237, 246-47, 260-61, 266-69, 274, 276, 279-80, 355η searches for Eichmanrís missing glasses, 236 sketches Eichmann, 246-47, 266,325 leaves Buenos Aires, 293 returns to Israel, 300 after Eichmanns trial, 325, 326-27 Manor, Amos, 164,170, 254 Maoz (safe house), 184-85,190-91, 201-3, 259, 273, 274, 277 Map (of capture operation), vi Margaret (princess), 292-93 Mast, Baron, 82—83 Matteson, Robert, 28-29, 31 Mauthausen concentration camp, I, 2, 39-40 Medad, Yaakov, 172,177,184, 203, 285 searches for safe houses, 189-91,194, 204 searches for cars, 204 with Eichmann at Tira, 229, 237, 267, 268,274 "wife" of, 245-47 Meding, Holger, 340η Meir, Golda, 173, 235, 248,299,305,324 Mengele, Josef Nazi deeds of, 65,123,188, 240, 254, 257 smuggling of, out of Europe, 71 in Argentina, 91 West German arrest warrant for, 123 Harel hopes to seize, 188-89, 24°> 254-55, 257-59, 264-65, 274, 278-79.32-5 Eichmann denies knowing whereabouts of, 240, 254-55 speculation about location of, 263, 272 alias of, 264 rumor that Hermann was, 324 spotted in Brazil, 325 Mercedes-Benz factory (Buenos Aires), иб, ад, гг0> 242~43 "Michael" (sayan), 146-48 Mildenstein, Edler von, 32—33 Minsk (Soviet Union), 34 ■ Mohnke, Wilhelm, 73 Momm, Eberhard, 114 Mösenbacher, Maria, 58, 60-61, 64 Mossad in Eichmanns capture, vii-ix, 221-29 agents who lost families to Holocaust, viii, 131,134,170,173,182,197, 202, 245, 259 Harel as chief of, 100-105, 44 early search for Eichmann in Argentina by, 100-114 Nazi-hunting as not primary activity of, 101,113,170,187 false identities used by, 108,130,135, 160,162,165,172, 202, 206, 276 Ben-Gurion as authorizing, to search for, capture, and transport Eichmann, 126,128,129,187-88, 207 considers assassinating Eichmann, 126, 167-68,199, 237 Eichmann files of, 131-32 sayanim use by, 132-33,135-42,146-48, 155-58» 234-35.257-58. 2.64, 277, 278,304 tries to interview Eichmann and Liebl families in West Germany, 133-36 surveillance of Garibaldi Street house by, 151-52,154-59,178-79,183-84, 190-91,194,195-200,203-6, 219 consequences for, if Eichmann capture fails, 152,187,217 significance of Eichmann's capture to, 15З holds Eichmann in Buenos Aires safe house, 230-34,236-41, 244-48, 255-57.260-61,266-69, 274-75 efforts of, to get Eichmann to sign agreement to stand trial, 241, 255, 267-68,304, 356η transports Eichmann to Israel, 282-95 as not revealing role in Eichmann's capture, 300-301 and publication of Eichmann's memoirs, 307 384 INDEX Mossad {cont.) recognition of role of, in capture, 324-26 See also Capture operation; Harel, Isser; Safe houses; Transporting; names of specific agents Müller, Heinrich, 18,33, 35, 65, 325 Munkács (Hungary), 4-8,13, 309, 310, 314 Mussolini, Benito, 69, 251, 305 Nagar, Shlomo, 320 Nazis Eichmanns role among, viii, 1-4, 6—11, 35,41,45-48, 62, 90,92, ioo-ioi, 104-5,121,168, 218,245, 256,298, 308, 312-13 occupation and removal of Jews from Hungary by, i-n, 35,39, 54, 256, 314-16 confiscation of Jewish wealth by, 3, 6, 25,106, 256, 312 Roosevelt's call to punish, 8,15 scientists among, 16, 69, 345η postwar life plans of, 17-18 SO unit of, 21,27,32-34, 205, 338η Allied search for former, 25-31,41-43, 48 branches o£ 27 Eichmann's rise among, 32-35 Einsatzgruppen and, 34, 55, 65 Friedman's search for former, 51-54, 57-61, 65-66 number of, involved in war crimes, 65 smuggling of former, out of Europe, 66-69, S>i> hi, 191 Buenos Aires network of supporters and former, 69-72, 75-78, 87-93, 116,125,152,157, 224,237, 240-41, 250-51,265-66,276,285, Z88-89 Eichmann's ID number among, 232,233 See also Concentration camps; Deportation; Final Solution; Kristallnacht; Neo-Nazis; War criminals; names of specific Nazis Neo-Nazis, 127-29,157,324 Nesiahu, Judith, 245-46,268,280,293 Netherlands, 3, 70, 90 Neurath, Konstantin von, 44 New Zealand, 121 Nir, Arye, 318-21 NKVD (Soviet secret service), 30 Nordhausen concentration camp, 16 Nuremberg Laws, 33, 99 Nuremberg trials, 43-48,57, 63, 65,70, 240, 303, 312 Ober-Dachstetten (Germany), 42, 43, 48-50, 56, 62, 63,84 Oberländer, Theodore, 127-28 Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 39~4τ> 53 See Љ CIA Ohrdurf concentration camp, 14,16,17 Olivos neighborhood (Buenos Aires), 86, 87, 91-92,109,122 Eichmann's house in, 95,106-7, ні-іЗі 115,122,132-33,136-38,141,144. 279 OSS. See Office of Strategic Services Palestine Jewish emigration to, as answer to "Jewish problem," 10,33,90,261, 315 Great Britain and, 30,40,102,103, 130-31,153-54.169 Eichmann travels to, 33, 261 rumors of Eichmann's birth in, 39,41, 58,104,114 Jews emigrating to, after World War II, 40,51-53, 134> 173. 2.01. З09 Jews emigrating to, before World War II, 102,130-31,160,170 kibbutzim in, 102,130,131,153,161, 309 killing of youths from, 325 See also Brichah; Haganah; Israel; Jewish Brigade Palmach (Haganah strike force), 153—54 Papen, Franz von, 44 "Paperclip" capture operation, 16 "Partisan's Song," 229 INDEX 385 Passports Eichmann's, from Red Cross, 72,122 Vera Eichmanns, 79, 81,135 for capture team, 165, 202, 277 forging of, in Buenos Aires, 201-3, 259> 277 Patton, George, 16 Peleg, Adi, 181-82, 252, 253, 273, 281, 283, 290 Perón, Eva, 79, 80 Perón, Juan and ex-Nazis, 69-72, 76, 89, 91,152 terrorist groups linked to, 168,189, 201, 247, 265, 354П Photographs (of Eichmann), 4, 42 difficulty of finding, 4, 42, 47, 57-61 distribution of, 61, 64 Mösenbacher's, 61, 64,104,135,164,167 on his Red Cross passport, 72 Wiesenthal's copy of, 83,135 Bauer's copy of, 95,96 as a Nazi officer, 104-5 Mossad's interest in obtaining new, 109, 112,154-59 older, as basis of comparison with current Eichmann, 135,151,164,167 Aharoni takes new, 154—59,164,167 Mossad s taking of, for passport, 259 Photographs (of Klaus "Nick" Eichmann), 112 Photographs (of Vera Eichmann), 146-47 Pier, Arthur (Ben-Natan, Asher), 51-54, 57-59. 61, 65,104,120, 337η Pilecki, Witold, 15 Pius XII (pope), 9,71 Plaszow concentration camp, 40 Poland Jewish uprisings in, 2,90 Jewish genocide in, 3, 34,197,313 Red Army advancing to, 12 resistance movement in, 15, 59 Germany's occupation of, 33-34,39,170 See also Auschwitz-Birkenau concentra¬ tion camp Pollard, Jonathan, 325 "Pooch, Hileľ (sayan), 2.57-58,264,278 "Pooch, Neomi" (sayan), 257-58 POWs German, 31, 65, 245 Eichmann as, 36-38, 49, 59, 239 Polish, 52 Prague, 10,19, 63, 64 See aho Theresienstadt concentration camp Press on concentration camps, 16-17 on Eichmanns deeds, 56, 79-80, 92, 149. 235 on war crimes trials, 62, 92,120,128, 315, 322-23 rumors about Eichmann's location in, 62-63, 12.0-21, 128,149 on anti-Semitism in Buenos Aires, 76 on flight for Israel's anniversary visit to Argentina, 180 on fresh search for Eichmann, 241 capture team looking for news that Eichmanns capture was revealed in, 247, 258, 276, 293 on Eichmann's capture and presence in Israel, 300 on who should try Eichmann, 303-4, 306 on Hermann, 324 Priebke, Erich, 71 Rademacher, Franz, 114 Radom (Poland), 51-53 Raeder, Erich, 44 Ramim (safe house), 215-18 Raphael, Gideon, 40, 337η Recife (Brazil), 182, 263, 269-71, 273, 282, 286, 288-89 Red Army approaches Hungary, 2,5, 8, 10-11 approaches Poland, 12 rescues Sapir, 13, 309 approaches Germany, 14,19 liberates Auschwitz, 17 seizes Budapest, 17-18 seizes Berlin, 20 Nazi war criminals' treatment by, 30-31 386 INDEX Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), 19-23.35. 46-47.49.117 See ако Department IVB4 Reid, John, 231 Remer, Otto, 94 "Rendi" {sayan), 157-58 Reparations treaty (between West Germany and Israel), 98-99,145 Rettenbach-Alm (Austria), 23-24, 26-27 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 30,44,45,123 "Roberto" (sayan), 132-33,157 Romania, 3, 8,10, 22, 76 Rome (Italy), 182,263, 294, 295 Ronen, Azriel, 274 Roosevelt, Franklin, 8,9,15 Roschmann, Eduard, 71 Rosen, Pinhas, 164 Rosenberg, Alfred, 44 RSHA. See Reich Security Main Office Rudel, Hans-Ulrich, 89 Russians. See Red Army; Soviet Union Safe houses for Eichmann and Mossad agents, 153, 212, 217 renting, 166,172 capture team gathers at, 176, 215-16 heightened security when moving Eichmann to and from, 180,189 search for, 184-85,189-91,194-95 need to switch, 209, 210 getting ready to leave, 277,293 See aho Doron; Maoz; Ramim; Tira Salta (ship), j^ San Fernando neighborhood (Buenos Aires) Eichmann builds new house in, 115-16 identification of, as Eichmann's new neighborhood, 137,138 Aharoni locates Eichmann's house in, 141-45 land records for Eichmann's house in, 146-48 See also Garibaldi Street Sapir, Zeev, 4-7, 11-14, 309-10,313—15, 334η Sassen, Saskia, 90, 250 Sassen, Willem as recorder of Eichmanns memories, 87-91,117,149, 316, 317, 359η background of, 88 Eichmanns sons visit, 242, 250-51 sells rights to Eichmann's autobiogra¬ phy, 307 as possible informant, 346η Sauckel, Fritz, 29-30, 44 Sayanim, 132-33,135-43,146-48,155-58, 234-35, 2.57-58. 264, 277, 278, 304 Schacht, Hjalmar, 44 Scheide, Rudolf, 37, 63 Schirach, Baldur von, 44, 45 Schmidt, Francisco, 111-13 Schoegl, Richard, 53 Schröder, Gerhard, 128 Schule, Erwin, 119,123,128-29, гіг Schwammberger, Josef, 71 Scientists (Nazi), 16, 69, 345η SD unit (Nazi Party), 21, 27, 32-34, 205, 338η Servatius, Robert, 308, 315 Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 44 Shalom, Avraham background of, 160-61 on capture team, 160-63,165,167,173, 183-85,195-96, 208,215,218,237, 264 on Malkin, 169-70 in charge of safe houses and routes in Buenos Aires, 172,189-90,195-96, 203-4,2.19, 234, 244, 265, 271, Z73, ^■77-79 in Buenos Aires, 176-79,183-85, 189-91,195-96,206 in capture operation, 216, 221, 223, 225, 227-29 with Eichmann in Tira, 230-32 in charge of getting Eichmann from safe house to airplane, 244,252-53 and Mengele plan, 254 waits for Eichmann's arrival at airport, 281-83,285 leaves Buenos Aires, 293 INDEX 387 hears announcement of Eichmann's arrival in Israel, 300-301 after Eichmann's death, 325, 327 Shaul, Shaul, 263, 270, 274, 282, 286-88, 291-95 Shimoni, Yehuda, 171,181,185,186,195, 201 background of, 173 briefs Klein on his Buenos Aires duties, 191-93 coordinates El Al's departure from Israel, 214, 263, 272 Shin Bet (Israeli internal security service) Harel as head of, 103,104,134,187 Aharoni as chief interrogator for, 124, 131, 231, 301 Gat as agent of, 134 Eitan as administrator in, 153 Shalom as agent of, 160-63 capture teams connections with, 163 legal advice sought by, for capture operation, 164 Malkin as agent of, 166-71 Eichmann detained by, in Israel, 296 recognition of role of, in capture operation, 324-26 informers for, 344η Strinar, Felix, 98-100,105 Ships (to transport Eichmann from Argentina to Israel), 171,184, 244, 253 Sima, Horia, 22, 26 Slavic people, 128 Sobibor concentration camp, 90, 312 Socialists, 86,94, ç>ç> Solingen (Germany), 32,233 Soviet Union and extermination of Jews, 15, 34,312 interest of, in German scientists, 16 Nazi war criminals sent to, 30,71 at Nuremberg trials, 44,45 Eichmann tells friend he's leaving for, 66 and cold war, 67,85,161 softening of Stalin's policies in, 104 See ako Allies; Red Army Spain, 172, 251 Speer, Albert, 29,44 Stalin, Joseph, 15, 30,104 Der Stern, 307 Stern Gang (Jewish extremist group), 102, 103 Streicher, Julius, 30, 44 Suez War, 104,113 Sweden, 9, 94 Syria, 84,113 Taboada, Diogenes, 304-5 Tabor, Moshe on capture team, 162-63,167-69,173, 194,199, 203, 219-20 background of, 167-68 at first meeting of capture team, 167-69 as capture team's handyman, 203-6, 215, 234, 259, 277 in capture operation, 208-9, 216, 221-25, 227, 228 with Eichmann in Tira, 237, 245, 274 in trip to airport with Eichmann, 280, 285 with Eichmann in Israel, 296 does not tell about role in capture, 301 after Eichmann's death, 325-326 Tacuara (organization), 251, 265, 305, 354η Tattoos for concentration camp inmates, 12, 315, 320 for SS members, 36,49, 231 Theresienstadt concentration camp, 18-20 Tira (safe house), 194, 203, 211-12, 217, 218, 224 room for hiding Eichmann in, 211-12, 215, 219 Eichmann taken to, 228-29 Eichmanns stay in, 230-34, 236-41, 244-48,255-57, 260-61,266-69, 274-75 contingency plans for police attack on or Eichmami's escape from, 237-38 emotional difficulty of teams caring for Eichmann at, 244-48,255-60,266 Harel visits Eichmann at, 255-57 388 INDEX Tira (safe house) {cont.) preparations at, to get Eichmann to plane, 258-60, 276-77, 279-80 cleaning and leaving of, 293 Tirosh, Baruch, 181,182 Tohar, Zvi (El Al pilot) and flight from Israel to Argentina, 181-82, 244, 263-64, 269-74 on flight from Argentina to Israel, 281-82, 284-88, 290-96, 324 Trains. See Deportation (of Jews to concentration camps) TransAer, 200, 214 Transporting (of Eichmann from Argentina to Israel) plans for, 128,153,171-73,180-83, 19З-95. M3-44» 2.73-74 Harel in charge of, 168,171-73,191, 193-95. 213-15» 234-З5. 243-44. 27З-74. 77-79> 282, 283, 285-88, 290, 292, 294, 295-98 dates for, 191,195, 200, 237,264, 273-74 sedating of Eichmann for, 253, 271, 276, 279-80, 292, 294 description of, 282-85,290-95 See ako Έλ Μ Treblinka concentration camp, 312, 313 Trial (Eichmanns) "following orders" as defense in, 32, 74, 90,105,117-18, 241, 260-61, 266, 303, 315-16,319, 324 as opportunity to educate the world about the Holocaust, 128,153, 173-74» 216,267,304,313-16, 322-23,326 in Israel, 311-17 verdict, sentencing, appeals, and execution related to, 317-19 international impact of, 322-23 sons' view of, 324 Tucumán (Argentina) Eichmann's work in, 78,80,89,91,122, 142 Dieter Eichmann says father is in, 139, 144,146,148,151,157 Ulm (West Germany), 120 United Arab Republic, 113 United Jewish Appeal, 156 United Nations, 28, 305, 358η United States rumors about Eichmann being in postwar, viii on calls for punishment of war criminals, 8,15 postwar interest of, in former Nazis, i6, 71,114 at Nuremberg trials, 44,45 and cold war, 67, 85 Jews resetding in, 81, 324η Bauer asks for assistance from, in extraditing Nazi war criminals, 146 civilian airlines of, 263 war archives in, 308 See ако Allies; CIA; CIC United States Army, 14-17, 26 See ab Allies; CIC University of Buenos Aires, 305 "Vardi, Yitzhak" (financier), 156-57 Vatican. See Catholic Church and ofEdals Vicente López district (Buenos Aires), 86, 136, 255,264, 278 Vienna (Austria) Eichmann in, 33,42, 54, 58,196-97, 297 Friedman in, 51,52, 57-61, 65-66,81, 82 Diamant in, 59-60 Volk, Luba as El Al representative in Buenos Aires, 185-86,193, 251-52,272,281 as ignorant of flight's purpose, 201 flees Buenos Aires, 305-6 War Crimes Unit, 40 War criminals Allies' call to punish, 8,15 Eichmann's concern about being identified among, 10, 24,42-43, 48-49,56-57 lists of, 10,15-16, 24, 28, 31, 40, 48, 63-64 trials called for, 15,53,126, 298 INDEX 389 Kaltenbrunner 's erTorts to dissociate himself from, 22 Allies' search for, 27-31 Jews searching for Nazi, 30-31, 51-56, 60, 62-66, 80-85, 134~3б, 167-68, 262-63 trials for, in Germany, 43-48, 57, 63, 65, 70, 92-95,120,128, 303, 312, 323 cold war's impact on hunt for, 65, 66, 85,114 estimate of numbers of Nazi, 65 Catholic officials not accepting term of, 70-71 smuggling of, by United States, 71,114 number of, in Buenos Aires, 76 West Germany's claim of jurisdiction over, 84,126,144,164, 303-4 West Germany's lack of interest in pursuing, 84-85, 98-99,115,122-23, 164 hunting, as not Israels main priority, 101,113,170,187 trials for, in Israel, 101,107,311-23 Israel's interest in bringing Eichmann to trial as, 126,166,173-74, 216, 298-99, 358η United States asked for help in extraditing, 146 Eichmann tried as, in Israel, 311-17 continuing search for, after Eichmanns death, 323, 325 See also names of specific war criminak Warsaw (Poland), 2,59, 90 Wedeles, Shmuel, 263, 269, 274, 280-81, 284, 290 Der Weg (Nazi newspaper), 89,115 Weiden (Germany), 37-38 Weisl, Joseph, 57-59, 339η Weiss, Kurt, 114 Weizmann, Chaim, 171 West German Office for the Prosecution of National Socialist Criminals, 120 West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) rumors about Eichmann being in postwar, viii, 113 as having jurisdiction over war criminals, 84,126,144,164, 303-4 lack of interest in pursuing war criminals by, 84—85, 98—99,115, 122-23,127-28,164, 345η war crimes trials in, 92-95,120,128, 323 constitution of, 93, 94 reparations treaty of, with Israel, 98-99, 145 former Nazis in government of, 9Ç), 115, 127-28,145,157, 306-7, 316, 323, 343η, 345П as not following up on rumors about Eichmann's location, 114-15 Eichmann prefers to be tried in, 117, 241 Bauer seeks Eichmann's extradition to, 125,126 neo-Nazi outbreaks in, 127-29,145 silence about Holocaust in, 128 Mossad tries to interview Eichmann and Liebl families in, 133-36 Israels first diplomatic meeting with, HS reaction in, to news of Eichmann's capture and forthcoming trial, 306-7 war archives in, 308, 313 Vera Eichmann returns to, after Eichmann's death, 324 See ако specific pUces and people in Wiesel, Elie, 322 Wiesenthal, Pauline, 308 Wiesenthal, Simon search for Eichmann by, viii, 63-66, 80-85,115, 212-13 background of, 39-40, 85 learns about Eichmann, 39-41, 61 works with other Nazi-hunters, 60, 134-36 stamp collecting by, 81, 82 learns that Eichmann is in Argentina, 82-83 Eichmann file of, 85,104,164, 308 urges Israel to offer reward for locating Eichmann, 135 impact of capture operation on, 323 390 INDEX Wisliceny, Dieter, 46-48, 58, 335η Yitzhaki, Haim, 297-98 World Jewish Congress, 83,121, 212 "Yossef," 132,139,155, 277 World War I, 32 "Zichroni," 259, 277 Yad Vashem, 82, 85,104,118,308 Zinn, Georg-August, 99, 343η Yardén (boat), 320-21 Zionism, 33, 101-2 Yemen, 171 See aho Israel; Palestine Yiddish, 40,41 Zorea, Meir, 262
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spellingShingle	Bascomb, Neal 1971- Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi Eichmann, Adolf 1906-1962 Eichmann, Adolf 1906-1962 (DE-588)118529447 gnd Israel Mossad (DE-588)4040350-6 gnd War criminals Germany Biography Fugitives from justice Argentina Biography Secret service Israel Entführung (DE-588)4121200-9 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)118529447 (DE-588)4040350-6 (DE-588)4121200-9 (DE-588)4006804-3
title	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi
title_auth	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi
title_exact_search	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi
title_exact_search_txtP	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi
title_full	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi Neal Bascomb
title_fullStr	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi Neal Bascomb
title_full_unstemmed	Hunting Eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi Neal Bascomb
title_short	Hunting Eichmann
title_sort	hunting eichmann how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world s most notorious nazi
title_sub	how a band of survivors and a young spy agency chased down the world's most notorious Nazi
topic	Eichmann, Adolf 1906-1962 Eichmann, Adolf 1906-1962 (DE-588)118529447 gnd Israel Mossad (DE-588)4040350-6 gnd War criminals Germany Biography Fugitives from justice Argentina Biography Secret service Israel Entführung (DE-588)4121200-9 gnd
topic_facet	Eichmann, Adolf 1906-1962 Israel Mossad War criminals Germany Biography Fugitives from justice Argentina Biography Secret service Israel Entführung Argentinien Deutschland Biografie
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