Stress - from molecules to behavior: a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weinheim
Wiley-Blackwell
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Ill., graph. Darst. |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 372 S. |
| ISBN: | 9783527323746 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Stress - from molecules to behavior |b a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |c ed. by Hermona Soreq ... |
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| 300 | |a XXIII, 372 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138315277926400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
XV
List of Contributors
XIX
Part I Systems
Τ
On the Role of Stress in Evolution
3
Lilách Hadany
1.1
Introduction
3
1.2
Stress Through the Gene s Eye: the Evolution of Stress-Induced
Genetic Mixing
3
1.2.1
Stress-Induced Recombination
4
1.2.1.1
Classic Models of the Evolution of Recombination
4
1.2.1.2
The Evolution of Stress-Induced Recombination
4
1.2.1.3
Evidence for Stress-Induced Recombination
6
1.2.2
Stress and Sex
6
1.2.3
Stress and Outcrossing
7
1.2.4
Stress and Dispersal
8
1.3
The Effect of Stress-Induced Variation on the Evolvability of
Complex Traits
9
1.4
Stress-Induced Variation and Pathogen Evolution
10
1.5
Stress-Induced Mortality
10
Summary
12
References
13
2
Catecholamines and Stress
7 9
Esther
L
Sabban
2.1
Rapid Stress-Triggered Changes in Catecholamines
19
2.2
Catecholamines and Stress-Related Disorders
20
2.2.1
Cardiovascular Disease
20
2.2.2
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
21
2.2.3
Depression
21
2.2.4
Immune Disorders
21
VI
Contents
2.2.5
Pain
22
2.3
Stress-Triggered Regulation of Catecholamine Biosynthetic
Enzymes in Different Locations
22
2.3.1
Pathway of Catecholamine Biosynthesis
22
2.3.2
Adrenomedullary Hormonal System
23
2.3.3
Sympathetic Nervous System
27
2.3.4
Noradrenergic Systems in the Brain
28
Summary
30
References
30
3
Stress and the Cholinergic System
37
Mariella De Biasi
3.1
Acetylcholine and Stress
37
3.1.1
Cholinergic
Innervation
of the Brain
38
3.1.2
Brain Cholinergic Receptors
38
3.1.3
AChR Distribution in the CNS
39
3.1.4
The Septohippocampal Pathway and Stress
40
3.1.5
Stress-Induced Molecular Adaptations in the Cholinergic System
41
3.1.5.1
The Nicotinic Cholinergic System and Stress
41
3.2
Contribution of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models to the
Understanding of the Role of Cholinergic Receptors in Stress
42
Summary
43
References
44
Part II Cells and Circuits
4
Effects of Stress on the Function of Hippocampal Cells
55
Marian Joels and
Henk
Karst
4.1
Introduction
55
4.2
Non-Genomic Effects of Corticosterone
57
4.3
Genomic Effects of Corticosterone
58
4.3.1
Ion Currents
59
4.3.2
Amino
Acid Responses
61
4.3.3
Aminergic Responses
62
4.3.4
Implications for Hippocampal Function
64
Summary
66
References
66
5
Stress and Adult Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Central Nervous
System
71
Elizabeth D. Kirby and
Daniela Kaufer
5.1
Introduction
71
5.2
Adult Neurogenesis: a Brief Primer
71
5.3
Measuring Neurogenesis: How to Find New Neurons
72
Contents
VII
5.3.1
Using
DNA
Replication to Detect New Cells
72
5.3.2
Endogenous Markers of Cell Cycle
73
5.3.3
Retroviral Labeling of New Cells
73
5.3.4
Determining Cell Fate
73
5.4
Stress-Induced Alteration in Cell Proliferation
74
5.4.1
Acute Stress
74
5.4.2
Chronic Stress
78
5.4.3
Cell Cycle Arrest Versus Progenitor Death
78
5.5
Stress-Induced Alteration of New Cell Survival
79
5.6
Stress-Induced Alteration of Cell Fate Choice
79
5.7
Mechanism of Stress-Induced Changes in Adult Neurogenesis
81
5.7.1
Direct Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adult Neurogenesis
82
5.7.2
Indirect Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adult Neurogenesis
82
5.7.2.1
Excitatory
Amino
Acids
82
5.7.2.2
Serotonin
83
5.7.2.3
Growth Factors
83
5.7.3
Intracellular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoids Effects
84
5.7.4
An Overall Picture of Mechanism: Putting the Pieces Together
84
5.7.5
Function of Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis by Stress and
Glucocorticoids
84
Summary
85
References
86
6
Individual Differences in Reactivity to Social Stress in the Laboratory
and Its Mediation by Common Genetic Polymorphisms
93
Idan Shalev,
Elad
Lerer,
Salomon Israel, Fiorina Uzefovsky,
Inga
Critsenko, David
Mańkuta,
Marsha Kaitz, and Richard P. Ebstein
6.1 Stressors
and
ΗΡΑ
Axis Regulation: Naturalistic Studies
93
6.2
Trier Social Stress Test
94
6.3
Genes and Regulation of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
95
6.4
Jerusalem Studies
97
6.4.1
Experimental Design
97
6.4.2
Genes Associated with TSST Response
98
6.5
Growth Factors
98
6.5.1
BDNF Gene
98
6.6
Neuropeptides
103
6.6.1
Arginine Vasopressin
la Receptor (AVPRla)
103
6.7
Serotonin Transmission
104
6.7.1
Serotonin Transporter (SLC6A4)
104
6.7.2
Monoamine
Oxidase
A (MAOA)
104
6.8
Sex Steroids
105
6.8.1
Estrogen Receptor Alpha
(ES
Rl)
205
6.8.2
Genes Not Associated with TSST Response
106
Summary
107
References
208
VIII Contents
Part III Cognition and Behavior
7
Corticosteroid Hormones in Stress and Anxiety
-
Role of Receptor
Variants and Environmental Inputs
7 79
Roel
H.
DeRijk, Efihimia Kitraki, and E. Ronald
de Kloet
7.1
Introduction
119
7.2
Corticosteroid Hormones, Fear and the Stress Response
121
7.2.1
Neuroanatomical Basis
121
7.2.2
Role of Corticosteroids and Other Stress Mediators
122
7.2.3
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Stress
124
7.3
Gene Variants and Early life Experiences
125
7.4
MR and GR Gene Structure
126
7.5
Genetic Variants of the MR and GR Genes
127
7.5.1
MR Gene
129
7.5.2
GR Gene
129
7.6
ΗΡΑ
Axis Regulation
131
7.6.1
Basal
Cortisol
Levels
131
7.6.2
Feedback Sensitivity
131
7.6.3
Psychosocial
Challenges
132
7.7
Epigenetic Modifications Affecting GR and MR Actions
133
7.8
Stress-Related Psychopathology
135
7.8.1 Corücosteroid-ControUed
Pathways as Targets for New Therapeutic
Interventions
135
7.9
Early Experience and Psychopathology
236
7.10
Genetic Variants and Psychopathology
137
7.11
Concluding Remarks
140
Summary
141
References
142
8
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) and CRF-Related Peptides
-
a Linkage Between Stress and Anxiety
757
Thomas Blank and Joachim Spiess
8.1
The CRF Family, Its Receptors and ligands
151
8.2
The Role of CRF and CRF-Related Peptides in
Neuroendocrine
Aspects of Stress
153
8.3
The Role of CRF and CRF-Related Peptides in Behavioral Aspects
of Stress
354
8.4
The Role of CRF and CRF-Related Peptides in Anxiety
156
8.5
Crosstalk Between the CRF and Serotonin Systems
158
8.6
Future Directions
359
Summary
359
References
160
Contents
IX
9
Stress, Emotion and Memory:
the Good, the Bad and
the Intriguing
767
Marie-France
Marin, Tania
Elaine Schratnek,
Françoise S. Maheu,
and
Sonia
J. Lupien
9.1
Introduction
167
9.2
The Relativity
of
Stress
168
9.3
Important
Characteristics of
Stress Hormones
169
9.3.1
Stress Hormone
Receptors
169
9.3.2
The Impact
of
Stress Hormones on
Cognition
170
9.4
Effects of GCs on Learning and
Memory
171
9.4.1
Direct
Effects of GCs
172
9.4.2
Modulatory
Effects of GCs
173
9.4.3
Chronic Effects of GCs on Cognition and Brain Integrity
174
9.5
Stress, Emotion and Memory
176
9.5.1
Central Focus Phenomenon
176
9.5.2
Retention Intervals and Emotional Memory
177
9.5.3
Stress Hormones and Emotional Memory
178
9.5.4
Stress Hormone Effects of the Encoding and Consolidation of
Emotional Material
178
9.5.5
Stress Hormone Effects of the Retrieval of Emotional Material
179
9.6
Contextual Effects
180
9.7
New Directions
181
9.8
Conclusion
182
Summary
183
References
183
10
Contribution of Early Life Stress to Anxiety Disorder
189
Marta Weinstock
10.1
Introduction
189
10.2
Organization of the Stress Response
190
10.2.1
Glucocorticoid Receptors
190
10.2.2
CRH and Its Receptors
191
10.2.3
Role of the Amygdala and CRH in Mediating Anxiogenic
Behavior
192
10.3
Alterations in Circulating Hormonal Levels Induced by Chronic
Gestational Stress
192
10.3.1
Experimental Animals
192
10.3.2
Human Subjects
193
10.4
Alterations in the Regulation of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis as a Result of
Prenatal Stress
294
10.4.1
Experimental Animals
Í94
10.4.1.1
Effects on Basal
ΗΡΑ
Axis Activity
194
10.4.1.2
Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Response to Stress of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
194
X
Contents
10.4.2
Human Subjects
195
10.4.2.1
Effects of Prenatal Stress on Basal
ΗΡΑ
Axis Activity
195
10.4.2.2
Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Response to Stress of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
196
10.5
Alterations in the Regulation of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis as a Result of
Postnatal Stress
196
10.5.1
Experimental Animals
196
10.5.2
Human Subjects
197
10.6
Association Between Prenatal Stress and Anxiety Disorder
197
10.6.1
Experimental Animals
197
10.6.2
Human Subjects
199
10.7
Association Between Early Life Stress and Anxiety Disorder
200
10.7.1
Experimental Animals
200
10.7.2
Human Subjects
202
Summary
202
References
203
Part IV Immune Responses
Π
Stress Effects on Immunity in Vertebrates and Invertebrates
209
Michael Shapira
11.1
Introduction
209
11.2
The
Neuroendocrine
Stress Response in Vertebrates and
Invertebrates
210
11.2.1
Stress Responses and Hormones in Invertebrates
211
11.3
The Immune System in Vertebrates and Invertebrates
212
11.3.1
Effects of Acute Stress on Immunity
216
11.3.1.1
Vertebrates
216
11.3.1.2
Invertebrates
218
11.3.2
Effects of Chronic Stress
219
11.3.2.1
Vertebrates
219
11.3.2.2
Invertebrates
220
Summary and Future Prospects
221
References
222
12
Immunity to Self Maintains Resistance to Mental Stress:
Boosting Immunity as a Complement to Psychological Therapy
229
Cil
M.
Lewitus, Osnat Schwartz-Siav, and
Michal
Schwartz
12.1
Introduction
229
12.2
Stress and the Blood-Brain Barrier
230
12.3
Lymphocyte Surveillance of the CN
S
230
12.4
Stress-Induced Lymphocyte Mobilization
231
12.5
Stress Hormones and Lymphocyte Trafficking
232
12.6
The Physiological Relevance of Lymphocytes in the Brain
233
Contents
XI
12.7
Protective Autoimmunity
233
12.8
Behavioral Immunization
235
12.9
Immune Memory to Self Antigens Underlies Resilience to
Mental Stress
235
Summary
237
References
238
13
Brain lnterleukin-1 (IL-1) Mediates Stress-Induced Alterations
in
ΗΡΑ
Activation, Memory Functioning and Neural Plasticity
243
Inbal Coshen and
Raz Yirmiya
13.1
Introduction
243
13.2
The Bi-Directional Interaction Between IL-1 and the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
243
13.3
Stress-Induced
ΗΡΑ
Axis Activation is Regulated by Brain IL-1
246
13.3.1
IL-1 Mediates Immunological Stress-Induced
ΗΡΑ
Axis
Activation
246
13.3.2
Brain IL-1 Mediates Psychological Stress-Induced
ΗΡΑ
Axis
Activation
246
13.4
Stress-Induced Alterations in Memory and Neural Plasticity are
Regulated by Brain IL-1
249
13.4.1
Brain IL-1 Underlies Stress-Induced Memory Impairment by
Modulating Glucocorticoids Secretion
250
13.4.2
Stress-Induced IL-1 Reduces Hippocampal Neurogenesis:
Implications for Memory Impairments
253
Summary
254
References
255
Part V Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
14
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Animal Models
263
Hagit Cohen, Nitzan Koziovsky,
Cai
Richter-Levin, and Joseph Zohar
14.1
Introduction
263
14.2
Animal Models of PTSD
265
14.2.1
Trauma/Stress-Based Models
265
14.2.2
Mechanism-Based Models
266
14.2.2.1
Enhanced Fear Conditioning
267
14.2.2.2
Impaired Extinction
267
14.2.3
Individual Differences in Response to an Exposure to a Traumatic
Experience
268
14.2.4
Behavioral Assessments
268
14.2.5
Classification According to Cut-Off Behavioral Criteria
269
14.3
Selected CBC-Based Studies
271
14.3.1
Behavioral Response Patterns Versus Time
271
14.3.2
Physiological Correlates
272
14.3.3
Strain/Genetic Studies
272
XII
I Contents
14.3.3.1
ΗΡΑ
Axis Response in Lewis and Fischer Rats
273
14.3.3.2
Stress-Induced Behavioral Responses in Inbred Mouse Strains
273
14.3.4
Molecular Neurobiological Correlates
273
14.3.5
Drag Studies
274
14.3.5.1
Early Intervention with an SSRI (Sertraline)
275
14.3.5.2
Early Intervention with
Corticosterone
275
14.3.5.3
Early Intervention with Benzodiazepine (Alprazolam)
276
Summary
276
References
277
15
The Cholinergic Model for PTSD: from Acute Stress to PTSD,
from Neuron to Network and Behavior
283
Alon Friedman and Lev
Pavlovský
15.1
From Acute Stress to PTSD
283
15.2
Stress and Brain Cholinergic Pathways
283
15.3
Anatomical Considerations
284
15.4
Neurophysiological Considerations
285
15.4.1
The Role of ACh in Behavior, Learning and Memory
288
15.5
Stress Induces Cholinergic Dysfunction
288
15.5.1
Stress Event Affects Cholinergic Functions
289
15.5.2
Cholinergic Dysfunction Persists After Stress
289
15.5.3
Cholinergic Dysfunction May Underlie Short- and Long-Term
Clinical Symptoms
290
15.6
The Cholinergic Basis for PTSD: the Model
290
Summary
292
References
292
Part VI Vulnerability to Disease
16
Stress and Neurodegeneration: Adding Insult to Injury?
299
Amit
Berson,
Mor
Hanan, and
Hermona
Soreq
16.1
Abstract
299
16.2
Alzheimer s Disease Shares Phenotypic
Biomarkers
with Stress
Reactions
299
16.3
Molecular Underpinnings of Stress-Induced Cognitive
Impairments
300
16.4
Direct Evidence Linking Stress Reactions and AD
303
16.5
The Cholinergic System Connects Stress Reactions and AD
304
16.6
Chronic Stress Affects Behavior Thorough Chromatin Remodeling
and Alternative Splicing
307
16.7
GCs Regulate
Neuronal
Excitability by Modifying Alternative
Splicing
309
Summary
310
References
310
Contents
ЇХНІ
17
Stress and
Neurotransmission:
Clinical
Evidence
and Therapeutic
Implications
377
Hadar
Shaki/
and Jonathan Cohen
17.1
Introduction
317
17.2
Serotonin
319
17.3
Adrenergic Antagonists
321
17.4
Y-Aminobutyric Acid
323
Summary
325
References
327
18
Metabolic Components of
Neuroendocrine
Allostatic Responses:
Implications in Lifestyle-Related Diseases
331
Ronan M.C. Berg and
Bente Klarlund Pedersen
18.1
Introduction
331
18.2
Neuroendocrine Allostatic Responses and Fat Metabolism
332
18.2.1
Background
332
18.2.2
Effects of GCs on Fat Metabolism and Distribution
333
18.2.3
Effects of Catecholaminergic Signaling on Lipolysis and
Dyslipidemia
334
18.3
Neuroendocrine Allostatic Responses and Glucose Metabolism
335
18.3.1
Background
335
18.3.2
The Effects of GCs on Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Synthesis
335
18.3.3
Effects of Catecholaminergic Signaling on Hepatic Glucose
Metabolism
337
18.3.4
Effects of GCs on Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity
337
18.3.5
Effects of Catecholaminergic Signaling on Peripheral Glucose
Transport
338
18.4
Discussion
339
Summary
342
References
342
19
Environmental Stress is Not Always Vicious: a Lesson from
Heat Acclimation-Mediated
Neuroprotection
After Traumatic
Brain Injury
349
Michal
Horowitz and Either Shohami
19.1
Introduction
349
19.2
TBI Damage
-
Detrimental Signaling and Possible Protective
Pathways
349
19.2.1
Short Background
349
19.2.2
TBI-Induced Tissue and Cellular Stress Response
350
19.2.2.1
Glutamate
350
19.2.2.2
Reactive Oxygen Species
351
19.2.2.3
Neuroinflammation
351
19.2.3
Treatments
352
XIV Contents
19.3
Preconditioning: Inherent Protective Mechanisms Are Induced
by Preceding Sub-Lethal (Multiple)
Stressors 352
19.4
Heat Acclimation and
Neuroprotection
353
19.4.1
Heat Acclimation
353
19.4.2
Heat Acclimation Affords
Neuroprotection
After TBI
354
19.4.2.1
Physiological Evidence
354
19.4.3
Underlying Signaling Pathways
356
19.4.3.1
Oxidative Stress
356
19.4.3.2 HIF-1-Erythropoietin
Pathway
356
19.4.3.3
Acute Inflammatory Response
357
Summary
359
References
359
Index
365
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
XV
List of Contributors
XIX
Part I Systems
Τ
On the Role of Stress in Evolution
3
Lilách Hadany
1.1
Introduction
3
1.2
Stress Through the Gene's Eye: the Evolution of Stress-Induced
Genetic Mixing
3
1.2.1
Stress-Induced Recombination
4
1.2.1.1
Classic Models of the Evolution of Recombination
4
1.2.1.2
The Evolution of Stress-Induced Recombination
4
1.2.1.3
Evidence for Stress-Induced Recombination
6
1.2.2
Stress and Sex
6
1.2.3
Stress and Outcrossing
7
1.2.4
Stress and Dispersal
8
1.3
The Effect of Stress-Induced Variation on the Evolvability of
Complex Traits
9
1.4
Stress-Induced Variation and Pathogen Evolution
10
1.5
Stress-Induced Mortality
10
Summary
12
References
13
2
Catecholamines and Stress
7 9
Esther
L
Sabban
2.1
Rapid Stress-Triggered Changes in Catecholamines
19
2.2
Catecholamines and Stress-Related Disorders
20
2.2.1
Cardiovascular Disease
20
2.2.2
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
21
2.2.3
Depression
21
2.2.4
Immune Disorders
21
VI
Contents
2.2.5
Pain
22
2.3
Stress-Triggered Regulation of Catecholamine Biosynthetic
Enzymes in Different Locations
22
2.3.1
Pathway of Catecholamine Biosynthesis
22
2.3.2
Adrenomedullary Hormonal System
23
2.3.3
Sympathetic Nervous System
27
2.3.4
Noradrenergic Systems in the Brain
28
Summary
30
References
30
3
Stress and the Cholinergic System
37
Mariella De Biasi
3.1
Acetylcholine and Stress
37
3.1.1
Cholinergic
Innervation
of the Brain
38
3.1.2
Brain Cholinergic Receptors
38
3.1.3
AChR Distribution in the CNS
39
3.1.4
The Septohippocampal Pathway and Stress
40
3.1.5
Stress-Induced Molecular Adaptations in the Cholinergic System
41
3.1.5.1
The Nicotinic Cholinergic System and Stress
41
3.2
Contribution of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models to the
Understanding of the Role of Cholinergic Receptors in Stress
42
Summary
43
References
44
Part II Cells and Circuits
4
Effects of Stress on the Function of Hippocampal Cells
55
Marian Joels and
Henk
Karst
4.1
Introduction
55
4.2
Non-Genomic Effects of Corticosterone
57
4.3
Genomic Effects of Corticosterone
58
4.3.1
Ion Currents
59
4.3.2
Amino
Acid Responses
61
4.3.3
Aminergic Responses
62
4.3.4
Implications for Hippocampal Function
64
Summary
66
References
66
5
Stress and Adult Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Central Nervous
System
71
Elizabeth D. Kirby and
Daniela Kaufer
5.1
Introduction
71
5.2
Adult Neurogenesis: a Brief Primer
71
5.3
Measuring Neurogenesis: How to Find New Neurons
72
Contents
VII
5.3.1
Using
DNA
Replication to Detect New Cells
72
5.3.2
Endogenous Markers of Cell Cycle
73
5.3.3
Retroviral Labeling of New Cells
73
5.3.4
Determining Cell Fate
73
5.4
Stress-Induced Alteration in Cell Proliferation
74
5.4.1
Acute Stress
74
5.4.2
Chronic Stress
78
5.4.3
Cell Cycle Arrest Versus Progenitor Death
78
5.5
Stress-Induced Alteration of New Cell Survival
79
5.6
Stress-Induced Alteration of Cell Fate Choice
79
5.7
Mechanism of Stress-Induced Changes in Adult Neurogenesis
81
5.7.1
Direct Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adult Neurogenesis
82
5.7.2
Indirect Effects of Glucocorticoids on Adult Neurogenesis
82
5.7.2.1
Excitatory
Amino
Acids
82
5.7.2.2
Serotonin
83
5.7.2.3
Growth Factors
83
5.7.3
Intracellular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoids Effects
84
5.7.4
An Overall Picture of Mechanism: Putting the Pieces Together
84
5.7.5
Function of Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis by Stress and
Glucocorticoids
84
Summary
85
References
86
6
Individual Differences in Reactivity to Social Stress in the Laboratory
and Its Mediation by Common Genetic Polymorphisms
93
Idan Shalev,
Elad
Lerer,
Salomon Israel, Fiorina Uzefovsky,
Inga
Critsenko, David
Mańkuta,
Marsha Kaitz, and Richard P. Ebstein
6.1 Stressors
and
ΗΡΑ
Axis Regulation: Naturalistic Studies
93
6.2
Trier Social Stress Test
94
6.3
Genes and Regulation of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
95
6.4
Jerusalem Studies
97
6.4.1
Experimental Design
97
6.4.2
Genes Associated with TSST Response
98
6.5
Growth Factors
98
6.5.1
BDNF Gene
98
6.6
Neuropeptides
103
6.6.1
Arginine Vasopressin
la Receptor (AVPRla)
103
6.7
Serotonin Transmission
104
6.7.1
Serotonin Transporter (SLC6A4)
104
6.7.2
Monoamine
Oxidase
A (MAOA)
104
6.8
Sex Steroids
105
6.8.1
Estrogen Receptor Alpha
(ES
Rl)
205
6.8.2
Genes Not Associated with TSST Response
106
Summary
107
References
208
VIII Contents
Part III Cognition and Behavior
7
Corticosteroid Hormones in Stress and Anxiety
-
Role of Receptor
Variants and Environmental Inputs
7 79
Roel
H.
DeRijk, Efihimia Kitraki, and E. Ronald
de Kloet
7.1
Introduction
119
7.2
Corticosteroid Hormones, Fear and the Stress Response
121
7.2.1
Neuroanatomical Basis
121
7.2.2
Role of Corticosteroids and Other Stress Mediators
122
7.2.3
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Stress
124
7.3
Gene Variants and Early life Experiences
125
7.4
MR and GR Gene Structure
126
7.5
Genetic Variants of the MR and GR Genes
127
7.5.1
MR Gene
129
7.5.2
GR Gene
129
7.6
ΗΡΑ
Axis Regulation
131
7.6.1
Basal
Cortisol
Levels
131
7.6.2
Feedback Sensitivity
131
7.6.3
Psychosocial
Challenges
132
7.7
Epigenetic Modifications Affecting GR and MR Actions
133
7.8
Stress-Related Psychopathology
135
7.8.1 Corücosteroid-ControUed
Pathways as Targets for New Therapeutic
Interventions
135
7.9
Early Experience and Psychopathology
236
7.10
Genetic Variants and Psychopathology
137
7.11
Concluding Remarks
140
Summary
141
References
142
8
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) and CRF-Related Peptides
-
a Linkage Between Stress and Anxiety
757
Thomas Blank and Joachim Spiess
8.1
The CRF Family, Its Receptors and ligands
151
8.2
The Role of CRF and CRF-Related Peptides in
Neuroendocrine
Aspects of Stress
153
8.3
The Role of CRF and CRF-Related Peptides in Behavioral Aspects
of Stress
354
8.4
The Role of CRF and CRF-Related Peptides in Anxiety
156
8.5
Crosstalk Between the CRF and Serotonin Systems
158
8.6
Future Directions
359
Summary
359
References
160
Contents
IX
9
Stress, Emotion and Memory:
the Good, the Bad and
the Intriguing
767
Marie-France
Marin, Tania
Elaine Schratnek,
Françoise S. Maheu,
and
Sonia
J. Lupien
9.1
Introduction
167
9.2
The Relativity
of
Stress
168
9.3
Important
Characteristics of
Stress Hormones
169
9.3.1
Stress Hormone
Receptors
169
9.3.2
The Impact
of
Stress Hormones on
Cognition
170
9.4
Effects of GCs on Learning and
Memory
171
9.4.1
Direct
Effects of GCs
172
9.4.2
Modulatory
Effects of GCs
173
9.4.3
Chronic Effects of GCs on Cognition and Brain Integrity
174
9.5
Stress, Emotion and Memory
176
9.5.1
Central Focus Phenomenon
176
9.5.2
Retention Intervals and Emotional Memory
177
9.5.3
Stress Hormones and Emotional Memory
178
9.5.4
Stress Hormone Effects of the Encoding and Consolidation of
Emotional Material
178
9.5.5
Stress Hormone Effects of the Retrieval of Emotional Material
179
9.6
Contextual Effects
180
9.7
New Directions
181
9.8
Conclusion
182
Summary
183
References
183
10
Contribution of Early Life Stress to Anxiety Disorder
189
Marta Weinstock
10.1
Introduction
189
10.2
Organization of the Stress Response
190
10.2.1
Glucocorticoid Receptors
190
10.2.2
CRH and Its Receptors
191
10.2.3
Role of the Amygdala and CRH in Mediating Anxiogenic
Behavior
192
10.3
Alterations in Circulating Hormonal Levels Induced by Chronic
Gestational Stress
192
10.3.1
Experimental Animals
192
10.3.2
Human Subjects
193
10.4
Alterations in the Regulation of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis as a Result of
Prenatal Stress
294
10.4.1
Experimental Animals
Í94
10.4.1.1
Effects on Basal
ΗΡΑ
Axis Activity
194
10.4.1.2
Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Response to Stress of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
194
X
Contents
10.4.2
Human Subjects
195
10.4.2.1
Effects of Prenatal Stress on Basal
ΗΡΑ
Axis Activity
195
10.4.2.2
Effect of Prenatal Stress on the Response to Stress of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
196
10.5
Alterations in the Regulation of the
ΗΡΑ
Axis as a Result of
Postnatal Stress
196
10.5.1
Experimental Animals
196
10.5.2
Human Subjects
197
10.6
Association Between Prenatal Stress and Anxiety Disorder
197
10.6.1
Experimental Animals
197
10.6.2
Human Subjects
199
10.7
Association Between Early Life Stress and Anxiety Disorder
200
10.7.1
Experimental Animals
200
10.7.2
Human Subjects
202
Summary
202
References
203
Part IV Immune Responses
Π
Stress Effects on Immunity in Vertebrates and Invertebrates
209
Michael Shapira
11.1
Introduction
209
11.2
The
Neuroendocrine
Stress Response in Vertebrates and
Invertebrates
210
11.2.1
Stress Responses and Hormones in Invertebrates
211
11.3
The Immune System in Vertebrates and Invertebrates
212
11.3.1
Effects of Acute Stress on Immunity
216
11.3.1.1
Vertebrates
216
11.3.1.2
Invertebrates
218
11.3.2
Effects of Chronic Stress
219
11.3.2.1
Vertebrates
219
11.3.2.2
Invertebrates
220
Summary and Future Prospects
221
References
222
12
Immunity to Self Maintains Resistance to Mental Stress:
Boosting Immunity as a Complement to Psychological Therapy
229
Cil
M.
Lewitus, Osnat Schwartz-Siav, and
Michal
Schwartz
12.1
Introduction
229
12.2
Stress and the Blood-Brain Barrier
230
12.3
Lymphocyte Surveillance of the CN
S
230
12.4
Stress-Induced Lymphocyte Mobilization
231
12.5
Stress Hormones and Lymphocyte Trafficking
232
12.6
The Physiological Relevance of Lymphocytes in the Brain
233
Contents
XI
12.7
Protective Autoimmunity
233
12.8
Behavioral Immunization
235
12.9
Immune Memory to Self Antigens Underlies Resilience to
Mental Stress
235
Summary
237
References
238
13
Brain lnterleukin-1 (IL-1) Mediates Stress-Induced Alterations
in
ΗΡΑ
Activation, Memory Functioning and Neural Plasticity
243
Inbal Coshen and
Raz Yirmiya
13.1
Introduction
243
13.2
The Bi-Directional Interaction Between IL-1 and the
ΗΡΑ
Axis
243
13.3
Stress-Induced
ΗΡΑ
Axis Activation is Regulated by Brain IL-1
246
13.3.1
IL-1 Mediates Immunological Stress-Induced
ΗΡΑ
Axis
Activation
246
13.3.2
Brain IL-1 Mediates Psychological Stress-Induced
ΗΡΑ
Axis
Activation
246
13.4
Stress-Induced Alterations in Memory and Neural Plasticity are
Regulated by Brain IL-1
249
13.4.1
Brain IL-1 Underlies Stress-Induced Memory Impairment by
Modulating Glucocorticoids Secretion
250
13.4.2
Stress-Induced IL-1 Reduces Hippocampal Neurogenesis:
Implications for Memory Impairments
253
Summary
254
References
255
Part V Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
14
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Animal Models
263
Hagit Cohen, Nitzan Koziovsky,
Cai
Richter-Levin, and Joseph Zohar
14.1
Introduction
263
14.2
Animal Models of PTSD
265
14.2.1
Trauma/Stress-Based Models
265
14.2.2
Mechanism-Based Models
266
14.2.2.1
Enhanced Fear Conditioning
267
14.2.2.2
Impaired Extinction
267
14.2.3
Individual Differences in Response to an Exposure to a Traumatic
Experience
268
14.2.4
Behavioral Assessments
268
14.2.5
Classification According to Cut-Off Behavioral Criteria
269
14.3
Selected CBC-Based Studies
271
14.3.1
Behavioral Response Patterns Versus Time
271
14.3.2
Physiological Correlates
272
14.3.3
Strain/Genetic Studies
272
XII
I Contents
14.3.3.1
ΗΡΑ
Axis Response in Lewis and Fischer Rats
273
14.3.3.2
Stress-Induced Behavioral Responses in Inbred Mouse Strains
273
14.3.4
Molecular Neurobiological Correlates
273
14.3.5
Drag Studies
274
14.3.5.1
Early Intervention with an SSRI (Sertraline)
275
14.3.5.2
Early Intervention with
Corticosterone
275
14.3.5.3
Early Intervention with Benzodiazepine (Alprazolam)
276
Summary
276
References
277
15
The Cholinergic Model for PTSD: from Acute Stress to PTSD,
from Neuron to Network and Behavior
283
Alon Friedman and Lev
Pavlovský
15.1
From Acute Stress to PTSD
283
15.2
Stress and Brain Cholinergic Pathways
283
15.3
Anatomical Considerations
284
15.4
Neurophysiological Considerations
285
15.4.1
The Role of ACh in Behavior, Learning and Memory
288
15.5
Stress Induces Cholinergic Dysfunction
288
15.5.1
Stress Event Affects Cholinergic Functions
289
15.5.2
Cholinergic Dysfunction Persists After Stress
289
15.5.3
Cholinergic Dysfunction May Underlie Short- and Long-Term
Clinical Symptoms
290
15.6
The Cholinergic Basis for PTSD: the Model
290
Summary
292
References
292
Part VI Vulnerability to Disease
16
Stress and Neurodegeneration: Adding Insult to Injury?
299
Amit
Berson,
Mor
Hanan, and
Hermona
Soreq
16.1
Abstract
299
16.2
Alzheimer's Disease Shares Phenotypic
Biomarkers
with Stress
Reactions
299
16.3
Molecular Underpinnings of Stress-Induced Cognitive
Impairments
300
16.4
Direct Evidence Linking Stress Reactions and AD
303
16.5
The Cholinergic System Connects Stress Reactions and AD
304
16.6
Chronic Stress Affects Behavior Thorough Chromatin Remodeling
and Alternative Splicing
307
16.7
GCs Regulate
Neuronal
Excitability by Modifying Alternative
Splicing
309
Summary
310
References
310
Contents
ЇХНІ
17
Stress and
Neurotransmission:
Clinical
Evidence
and Therapeutic
Implications
377
Hadar
Shaki/
and Jonathan Cohen
17.1
Introduction
317
17.2
Serotonin
319
17.3
Adrenergic Antagonists
321
17.4
Y-Aminobutyric Acid
323
Summary
325
References
327
18
Metabolic Components of
Neuroendocrine
Allostatic Responses:
Implications in Lifestyle-Related Diseases
331
Ronan M.C. Berg and
Bente Klarlund Pedersen
18.1
Introduction
331
18.2
Neuroendocrine Allostatic Responses and Fat Metabolism
332
18.2.1
Background
332
18.2.2
Effects of GCs on Fat Metabolism and Distribution
333
18.2.3
Effects of Catecholaminergic Signaling on Lipolysis and
Dyslipidemia
334
18.3
Neuroendocrine Allostatic Responses and Glucose Metabolism
335
18.3.1
Background
335
18.3.2
The Effects of GCs on Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Synthesis
335
18.3.3
Effects of Catecholaminergic Signaling on Hepatic Glucose
Metabolism
337
18.3.4
Effects of GCs on Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity
337
18.3.5
Effects of Catecholaminergic Signaling on Peripheral Glucose
Transport
338
18.4
Discussion
339
Summary
342
References
342
19
Environmental Stress is Not Always Vicious: a Lesson from
Heat Acclimation-Mediated
Neuroprotection
After Traumatic
Brain Injury
349
Michal
Horowitz and Either Shohami
19.1
Introduction
349
19.2
TBI Damage
-
Detrimental Signaling and Possible Protective
Pathways
349
19.2.1
Short Background
349
19.2.2
TBI-Induced Tissue and Cellular Stress Response
350
19.2.2.1
Glutamate
350
19.2.2.2
Reactive Oxygen Species
351
19.2.2.3
Neuroinflammation
351
19.2.3
Treatments
352
XIV Contents
19.3
Preconditioning: Inherent Protective Mechanisms Are Induced
by Preceding Sub-Lethal (Multiple)
Stressors 352
19.4
Heat Acclimation and
Neuroprotection
353
19.4.1
Heat Acclimation
353
19.4.2
Heat Acclimation Affords
Neuroprotection
After TBI
354
19.4.2.1
Physiological Evidence
354
19.4.3
Underlying Signaling Pathways
356
19.4.3.1
Oxidative Stress
356
19.4.3.2 HIF-1-Erythropoietin
Pathway
356
19.4.3.3
Acute Inflammatory Response
357
Summary
359
References
359
Index
365 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:48:18Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:26:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527323746 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016962268 |
| oclc_num | 633708614 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-11 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-11 DE-83 |
| physical | XXIII, 372 S. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Wiley-Blackwell |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses ed. by Hermona Soreq ... Weinheim Wiley-Blackwell 2010 XXIII, 372 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ill., graph. Darst. Neuroendokrine Regulation (DE-588)4277113-4 gnd rswk-swf Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd rswk-swf Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 gnd rswk-swf Neurohormon (DE-588)4125626-8 gnd rswk-swf Stress (DE-588)4058047-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 s Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 s DE-604 Stress (DE-588)4058047-7 s Neuroendokrine Regulation (DE-588)4277113-4 s Neurohormon (DE-588)4125626-8 s b DE-604 Soreq, Hermona Sonstige (DE-588)112097820 oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016962268&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses Neuroendokrine Regulation (DE-588)4277113-4 gnd Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 gnd Neurohormon (DE-588)4125626-8 gnd Stress (DE-588)4058047-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4277113-4 (DE-588)4041871-6 (DE-588)4138565-2 (DE-588)4125626-8 (DE-588)4058047-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |
| title_auth | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |
| title_exact_search | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |
| title_full | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses ed. by Hermona Soreq ... |
| title_fullStr | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses ed. by Hermona Soreq ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress - from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses ed. by Hermona Soreq ... |
| title_short | Stress - from molecules to behavior |
| title_sort | stress from molecules to behavior a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |
| title_sub | a comprehensive analysis of the neurobiology of stress responses |
| topic | Neuroendokrine Regulation (DE-588)4277113-4 gnd Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd Stressreaktion (DE-588)4138565-2 gnd Neurohormon (DE-588)4125626-8 gnd Stress (DE-588)4058047-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neuroendokrine Regulation Neurobiologie Stressreaktion Neurohormon Stress Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016962268&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT soreqhermona stressfrommoleculestobehavioracomprehensiveanalysisoftheneurobiologyofstressresponses |