Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China:
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English German |
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Kiel
Inst. für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Univ. Kiel
2007
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| Series: | Schriftenreihe / Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel
74 |
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | IX, 85 S. graph. Darst. |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Krümmelbein, Julia |d 1976- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)136538460 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China |c Julia Krümmelbein |
| 264 | 1 | |a Kiel |b Inst. für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Univ. Kiel |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a IX, 85 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Schriftenreihe / Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel |v 74 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in dt. Sprache | ||
| 502 | |a Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2007 | ||
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| adam_text |
I Table of contents
I Table of contents.i
II List of figures.jv
III List of tables.yi
IV List of abbreviations .yi
V Summary - Zusammenfasung.viii
Summary .viii
Zusammenfassung .ix
1 General Introduction .1
1.1 Introduction .1
1.2 Objectives.9
1.3 References .11
2 Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability, soil
structure and water balance of grassland soils in Inner
Mongolia, P.R.China.22
2.1 Abstract .22
2.2 Introduction .23
2.3 Material and methods.23
2.4 Results and discussion .24
2.4.1 Precompression stress ._._.24
2.4.2 Bulk density .„._.25
2.4.3 Shear resistance ._.26
2.4.4 Saturated hydraulic conductivity _27
2.4.5 Anisotropy of saturated hydraulic conductivity_.28
2.5 Conclusion _._.30
2.6 References _._._.32
3 Determination of precompression stress of a variously grazed
steppe soil under static and cyclic loading _34
3.1 Abstract 34
11
3.2 Introduction .36
3.3 Material and methods .37
3.3.1 Soil and experimental area .37
3.3.2 Determination of precompression stress 38
3.3.3 Statistical analyses .39
3.4. Results .39
3.5 Discussion .43
3.6 Conclusions .47
3.7 References .48
4 Grazing induced alterations in soil hydraulic properties and
functions in Inner Mongolia, P.R. China .53
4.1 Abstract.53
4.2 Introduction 54
4.3 Material and methods 55
4.3.1 Site description, soils, sampling.55
4.3.2 Laboratory measurements.56
4.3.3 Statistical analyses .57
4.3.4 Modelling .57
4.4. Results .57
4.4.1 Texture and carbon content .57
4.4.2 Water retention, pore size distribution .58
4.4.3 van Genuchten Parameters 6r, 9s, a, n and m.59
4.4.4 Repellency index.60
4.4.5 Contact angle .61
4.4.5.1 Calculated values „.61
4.4.5.1 Measured values .61
4.4.6 Exemplary modelling results .62
4.5 Discussion .63
4.6 References ._67
5 General discussion and conclusions _._._73
5.1 General .73
5.2 Grazing effects on soil mechanical properties 73
5.3 Grazing effects on soil hydraulic properties and
functions.77
5.4 Conclusions .81
5.5 References .82
6 Danksagung .86
7 Lebenslauf . 87
II List of figures
Figure 2.1: Precompression value [kPa] for Ungrazed since 1979 (UG79),
Ungrazed since 1999 (UG99), Winter Grazing (WG) and Overgrazed
(OG) sites. (1) denotes the first and (2) the second depth. The error
bars show the standard deviation.25
Figure 2.2: Bulk density [g/cm3] for Ungrazed since 1979 (UG79), Ungrazed
since 1999 (UG99), Winter Grazing (WG) and Overgrazed (OG) sites.
(1) denotes the first and (2) the second depth. The error bars show
the standard deviation.26
Figure. 2.3: Mohr-Coulomb failure line for the topsoil of the winter grazed site
(WG) (a) and the ungrazed site (UG79) (b). Cohesion=38,8 kPa,
angle of internal friction=24,9° for WG (a) and 14,2 kPa and 40,4° for
UG79 (b), respectively. .27
Figure 2.4: Influence of grazing on saturated hydraulic conductivity [cm/d]. 1; 2;
3; 4 denote the four different depths. The error bars show the
standard deviation. 27
Figure. 2.5: Saturated hydraulic conductivity [cm/d] for the winter grazed site
(WG) (left) and the ungrazed site (UG79) (right) as afunction of
sampling direction. Vertical stripes = vertical saturated hydraulic
conductivity, horizontal stripes = horizontal saturated hydraulic
conductivity. The error bars show the standard deviation.29
Figure 2.6: Saturated hydraulic conductivity [cm/d] for the heavily grazed site
(OG) as a function of sampling direction. Vertical stripes = vertical
saturated hydraulic conductivity, horizontal stripes = horizontal
saturated hydraulic conductivity. The error bars show the standard
deviation. .29
Figure 3.1: Schematic diagram showing the loading paths for the standard and
modified oedometer test. (Left) Static loading path; (right) dynamic
loading path.38
Figure 3.2: Values of precompression stress determined from static oedometer
tests as a function of grazing intensity. UG79: ungrazed since 1979;
UG99: ungrazed since 1999; winter grazing: WG and heavily grazed:
HG. Sampling depth 4-7cm. Error bars show standard deviation.39
Figure 3.3: Values of precompression stress [kPa]; dynamic determination, a)
after the first loading cycle (light grey), b) after the 20th loading cycle
(dark grey) and static determination (striped). Sampling depth 4-7cm.
Error bars show standard deviation _.40
Figure 3.4: Black line: matric suction [hPa] during cyclic determination of pre-
compression stress. Grey line: normal stress [kPa] during cyclic
determination of pre-compression stress. _A^
Figure 3.5: Matric suction (black line) and settlement (grey line) during the cyclic
loading test. Sample origins from the UG79 site .41
Figure 3.6: Matric suction (grey line) and settlement (mm) (black line) during
0,06h of cyclic loading test with 150kPa.42
Figure 3.7: stress-strain relation. Rhombi: Cyclic determination, settlement after
the first loading cycle. White squares: Cyclic determination,
settlement after the 20th loading cycle. Black squares: static loading
(10mins/loading step). Triangles: matric suction during the cyclic
loading measurement. .42
Figure 4.1: Water retention curves of ungrazed since 1979 (UG79 (circles)) and
heavily grazed site (HG (squares)), 4-8cm depth. .58
Figure 4.2: Pore size distribution of the various grazing intensities (ungrazed
since 1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99, winter grazing=WG
and heavily grazed=HG). Air Capacity: pF1,8; Field Capacity: pF1,8-
4,2; Permanent Wilting Point: pF 4,2. Error bars show standard
deviation. .59
Figure 4.3: Water repellency index R of soil aggregate surfaces from a depth of
2-20 m for the four different grazing intensities (ungrazed since
1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99, winter grazing=WG and
heavily grazed=HG). Classification of R: RS1: totally non repellent;
1 R 1,95: non repellent; R 1,95: sub critically water repellent. Error
bars show standard deviation. .60
Figure 4.4: Contact angles [°], calculated from the water repellency index R
measured on the surface of soil aggregates from a depth of 2-20 cm
for the four different grazing intensities (ungrazed since 1979=UG79,
ungrazed since 1999=UG99, winter grazing=WG and heavily
grazed=HG)at a suction of -30kPa (dark grey) and oven dried at 40°C
(light grey). Error bars show standard deviation. .61
Figure 4.5: Contact angles measured with Wilhelmy plate method, oven dried
(40°C) and homogenised samples of the four different grazing
intensities (ungrazed since 1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99,
winter grazing=WG and heavily grazed=HG). Error bars show
standard deviation, 4-8 cm depth. .62
Figure 5.1: Schematic: water menisci between soil particles, a) original state
with stabilising, concave water menisci; b) under compression, the
water menisci become convex, thus destabilising; c) application of
compressive and shearing force, due to the orientation of water
menisci particle mobility is enhanced.76
Figure 5.2: Schematic: Changes of water retention curve in dependence of the
applied stress. Solid line: original water retention curve before stress
application, dotted line: after medium stress application, dashed line:
after high stress application ._.78
Ill List of tables
Table 4.1: Texture and total C-content of the four sites, depth: 4-7cm.57
Table 4.2: The van Genuchten Parameters a (a=reciprocal value of air entry), n
(n=measure for the smoothness of pore size distribution) and a(m-1)
(m= 1-1/n) and saturated hydraulic conductivity for the various grazing
intensities (ungrazed since 1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99,
winter grazing=WG and heavily grazed=HG), 4-8 cm depth.60
Table 4.3: Results of the HYDRUS-1D modelling of the actual
evapotranspiration, transpiration and evaporation for the UG79 and the
HG site during the vegetation period of the years 2004, 2005 and 2006.
62 |
| adam_txt |
I Table of contents
I Table of contents.i
II List of figures.jv
III List of tables.yi
IV List of abbreviations .yi
V Summary - Zusammenfasung.viii
Summary .viii
Zusammenfassung .ix
1 General Introduction .1
1.1 Introduction .1
1.2 Objectives.9
1.3 References .11
2 Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability, soil
structure and water balance of grassland soils in Inner
Mongolia, P.R.China.22
2.1 Abstract .22
2.2 Introduction .23
2.3 Material and methods.23
2.4 Results and discussion .24
2.4.1 Precompression stress ._._.24
2.4.2 Bulk density .„._.25
2.4.3 Shear resistance ._.26
2.4.4 Saturated hydraulic conductivity _27
2.4.5 Anisotropy of saturated hydraulic conductivity_.28
2.5 Conclusion _._.30
2.6 References _._._.32
3 Determination of precompression stress of a variously grazed
steppe soil under static and cyclic loading _34
3.1 Abstract 34
11
3.2 Introduction .36
3.3 Material and methods .37
3.3.1 Soil and experimental area .37
3.3.2 Determination of precompression stress 38
3.3.3 Statistical analyses .39
3.4. Results .39
3.5 Discussion .43
3.6 Conclusions .47
3.7 References .48
4 Grazing induced alterations in soil hydraulic properties and
functions in Inner Mongolia, P.R. China .53
4.1 Abstract.53
4.2 Introduction 54
4.3 Material and methods 55
4.3.1 Site description, soils, sampling.55
4.3.2 Laboratory measurements.56
4.3.3 Statistical analyses .57
4.3.4 Modelling .57
4.4. Results .57
4.4.1 Texture and carbon content .57
4.4.2 Water retention, pore size distribution .58
4.4.3 van Genuchten Parameters 6r, 9s, a, n and m.59
4.4.4 Repellency index.60
4.4.5 Contact angle .61
4.4.5.1 Calculated values „.61
4.4.5.1 Measured values .61
4.4.6 Exemplary modelling results .62
4.5 Discussion .63
4.6 References ._67
5 General discussion and conclusions _._._73
5.1 General .73
5.2 Grazing effects on soil mechanical properties 73
5.3 Grazing effects on soil hydraulic properties and
functions.77
5.4 Conclusions .81
5.5 References .82
6 Danksagung .86
7 Lebenslauf . 87
II List of figures
Figure 2.1: Precompression value [kPa] for Ungrazed since 1979 (UG79),
Ungrazed since 1999 (UG99), Winter Grazing (WG) and Overgrazed
(OG) sites. (1) denotes the first and (2) the second depth. The error
bars show the standard deviation.25
Figure 2.2: Bulk density [g/cm3] for Ungrazed since 1979 (UG79), Ungrazed
since 1999 (UG99), Winter Grazing (WG) and Overgrazed (OG) sites.
(1) denotes the first and (2) the second depth. The error bars show
the standard deviation.26
Figure. 2.3: Mohr-Coulomb failure line for the topsoil of the winter grazed site
(WG) (a) and the ungrazed site (UG79) (b). Cohesion=38,8 kPa,
angle of internal friction=24,9° for WG (a) and 14,2 kPa and 40,4° for
UG79 (b), respectively. .27
Figure 2.4: Influence of grazing on saturated hydraulic conductivity [cm/d]. 1; 2;
3; 4 denote the four different depths. The error bars show the
standard deviation. 27
Figure. 2.5: Saturated hydraulic conductivity [cm/d] for the winter grazed site
(WG) (left) and the ungrazed site (UG79) (right) as afunction of
sampling direction. Vertical stripes = vertical saturated hydraulic
conductivity, horizontal stripes = horizontal saturated hydraulic
conductivity. The error bars show the standard deviation.29
Figure 2.6: Saturated hydraulic conductivity [cm/d] for the heavily grazed site
(OG) as a function of sampling direction. Vertical stripes = vertical
saturated hydraulic conductivity, horizontal stripes = horizontal
saturated hydraulic conductivity. The error bars show the standard
deviation. .29
Figure 3.1: Schematic diagram showing the loading paths for the standard and
modified oedometer test. (Left) Static loading path; (right) dynamic
loading path.38
Figure 3.2: Values of precompression stress determined from static oedometer
tests as a function of grazing intensity. UG79: ungrazed since 1979;
UG99: ungrazed since 1999; winter grazing: WG and heavily grazed:
HG. Sampling depth 4-7cm. Error bars show standard deviation.39
Figure 3.3: Values of precompression stress [kPa]; dynamic determination, a)
after the first loading cycle (light grey), b) after the 20th loading cycle
(dark grey) and static determination (striped). Sampling depth 4-7cm.
Error bars show standard deviation _.40
Figure 3.4: Black line: matric suction [hPa] during cyclic determination of pre-
compression stress. Grey line: normal stress [kPa] during cyclic
determination of pre-compression stress. _A^
Figure 3.5: Matric suction (black line) and settlement (grey line) during the cyclic
loading test. Sample origins from the UG79 site .41
Figure 3.6: Matric suction (grey line) and settlement (mm) (black line) during
0,06h of cyclic loading test with 150kPa.42
Figure 3.7: stress-strain relation. Rhombi: Cyclic determination, settlement after
the first loading cycle. White squares: Cyclic determination,
settlement after the 20th loading cycle. Black squares: static loading
(10mins/loading step). Triangles: matric suction during the cyclic
loading measurement. .42
Figure 4.1: Water retention curves of ungrazed since 1979 (UG79 (circles)) and
heavily grazed site (HG (squares)), 4-8cm depth. .58
Figure 4.2: Pore size distribution of the various grazing intensities (ungrazed
since 1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99, winter grazing=WG
and heavily grazed=HG). Air Capacity: pF1,8; Field Capacity: pF1,8-
4,2; Permanent Wilting Point: pF 4,2. Error bars show standard
deviation. .59
Figure 4.3: Water repellency index R of soil aggregate surfaces from a depth of
2-20 m for the four different grazing intensities (ungrazed since
1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99, winter grazing=WG and
heavily grazed=HG). Classification of R: RS1: totally non repellent;
1 R 1,95: non repellent; R 1,95: sub critically water repellent. Error
bars show standard deviation. .60
Figure 4.4: Contact angles [°], calculated from the water repellency index R
measured on the surface of soil aggregates from a depth of 2-20 cm
for the four different grazing intensities (ungrazed since 1979=UG79,
ungrazed since 1999=UG99, winter grazing=WG and heavily
grazed=HG)at a suction of -30kPa (dark grey) and oven dried at 40°C
(light grey). Error bars show standard deviation. .61
Figure 4.5: Contact angles measured with Wilhelmy plate method, oven dried
(40°C) and homogenised samples of the four different grazing
intensities (ungrazed since 1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99,
winter grazing=WG and heavily grazed=HG). Error bars show
standard deviation, 4-8 cm depth. .62
Figure 5.1: Schematic: water menisci between soil particles, a) original state
with stabilising, concave water menisci; b) under compression, the
water menisci become convex, thus destabilising; c) application of
compressive and shearing force, due to the orientation of water
menisci particle mobility is enhanced.76
Figure 5.2: Schematic: Changes of water retention curve in dependence of the
applied stress. Solid line: original water retention curve before stress
application, dotted line: after medium stress application, dashed line:
after high stress application ._.78
Ill List of tables
Table 4.1: Texture and total C-content of the four sites, depth: 4-7cm.57
Table 4.2: The van Genuchten Parameters a (a=reciprocal value of air entry), n
(n=measure for the smoothness of pore size distribution) and a(m-1)
(m= 1-1/n) and saturated hydraulic conductivity for the various grazing
intensities (ungrazed since 1979=UG79, ungrazed since 1999=UG99,
winter grazing=WG and heavily grazed=HG), 4-8 cm depth.60
Table 4.3: Results of the HYDRUS-1D modelling of the actual
evapotranspiration, transpiration and evaporation for the UG79 and the
HG site during the vegetation period of the years 2004, 2005 and 2006.
62 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Krümmelbein, Julia 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)136538460 |
| author_facet | Krümmelbein, Julia 1976- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Krümmelbein, Julia 1976- |
| author_variant | j k jk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035129147 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)455622584 (DE-599)HBZHT015433999 |
| dewey-full | 631.495177 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 631 - Techniques, equipment & materials |
| dewey-raw | 631.495177 |
| dewey-search | 631.495177 |
| dewey-sort | 3631.495177 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| discipline_str_mv | Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Mongolei (DE-588)4040056-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mongolei |
| id | DE-604.BV035129147 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:24:01Z |
| indexdate | 2025-03-28T17:06:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016796677 |
| oclc_num | 455622584 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-634 |
| physical | IX, 85 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Inst. für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Univ. Kiel |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Schriftenreihe / Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel |
| spelling | Krümmelbein, Julia 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)136538460 aut Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China Julia Krümmelbein Kiel Inst. für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Univ. Kiel 2007 IX, 85 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriftenreihe / Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel 74 Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2007 Bodengefüge (DE-588)4112798-5 gnd rswk-swf Ziegenhaltung (DE-588)4067736-9 gnd rswk-swf Mongolei (DE-588)4040056-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Bodengefüge (DE-588)4112798-5 s Ziegenhaltung (DE-588)4067736-9 s Mongolei (DE-588)4040056-6 g DE-604 Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel Schriftenreihe 74 (DE-604)BV001898129 74 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016796677&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krümmelbein, Julia 1976- Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China Bodengefüge (DE-588)4112798-5 gnd Ziegenhaltung (DE-588)4067736-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4112798-5 (DE-588)4067736-9 (DE-588)4040056-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China |
| title_auth | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China |
| title_exact_search | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China |
| title_full | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China Julia Krümmelbein |
| title_fullStr | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China Julia Krümmelbein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China Julia Krümmelbein |
| title_short | Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in Inner Mongolia, PR China |
| title_sort | influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability and water balance of a steppe soil in inner mongolia pr china |
| topic | Bodengefüge (DE-588)4112798-5 gnd Ziegenhaltung (DE-588)4067736-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bodengefüge Ziegenhaltung Mongolei Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016796677&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001898129 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krummelbeinjulia influenceofvariousgrazingintensitiesonsoilstabilityandwaterbalanceofasteppesoilininnermongoliaprchina |