Entertainment industrialised: the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Cambridge studies in economic history
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXI, 449 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521898546 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Entertainment industrialised |b the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 |c Gerben Bakker |
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| adam_text | Entertainment
industrialised is the first study to
compare the emergence and economic development
of the film industries in Britain, France and the
united States between
1890
and
1940. Gerben
Bakker
investigates the commercialisation and
industrialisation of live entertainment in the
nineteenth century and analyses the subsequent
arrival of motion pictures, revealingthattheir
emergence triggered a process of incessant creative
destruction, development and productivity growth
that continues in the entertainment industry today,
не
argues that cinema industrialised live
entertainment by automating it, standardising it
and making it tradeable, a process that was largely
demand-led, and that a quality race between firms
changed the structure of the international
entertainment market, while a hundred years ago,
European enterprises were supplying half of all films
shown in the USA, the quality race resulted in
today s industry, in which a handful of American
companies dominate the global entertainment
business.
Titel: Entertainment industrialised
Autor: Bakker, Gerben
Jahr: 2008
Contents
List of figures page viii
List of tables xii
Acknowledgements xv
Prologue xix
1 Introduction 1
Part I The rise of entertainment 11
2 The emergence of national entertainment markets 17
3 The increase in demand for entertainment 72
4 The structure of household entertainment expenditure 110
Part II The rise of the international film industry 153
5 The emergence of cinema 159
6 The quality race 185
7 Europe s failure to catch up 229
8 How films became branded products 272
Part III Entertainment Industrialised 315
9 International market integration: firms versus trade 319
10 Industrialising the discovery process 341
11 At the origins of increased productivity growth in services 371
12 Epilogue: after television 404
Bibliography 413
Index 440
vii
Figures
2.1 Number of resident theatre stock companies founded
in the US, by type, per decade, and annual number
of travelling companies, 1740-1979 page 24
2.2 Annual copyright registrations for drama, music
and motion pictures in the US, 1878-1945 32
2.3 The number of road productions on tour in the US,
Broadway productions and Broadway theatre weeks,
1899-1945 33
2.4 Number of newly constructed theatres in London
per decade, and hypothetical cumulative, 1650-1950 37
2.5 Capital stock invested in music hall companies, total
and average per music hall company, 1860-1912,
in current pounds 38
2.6 The number of cinemas and live entertainment venues
in France during the transition to sound, 1925-1939 48
2.7 The number of West End productions with over
100 performances, 1840-1900, per decade 54
2.8 Average length of run of productions at selected Paris
theatres, in number of performances per production,
1875-1911 55
2.9 Number of actors per 100,000 inhabitants, US,
Britain and France, 1870-1950 67
3.1 Annual hours worked per person employed and
GDP per hour worked (in 1990 dollars per hour),
US, Britain and France, 1870-1938 76
3.2 Real wages in France, various time series, 1820-1938 81
3.3 Number of passengers transported on US, British
and French railways, per year, 1843-1934 85
3.4 US consumer expenditure on spectator entertainment,
in 1913 dollars per capita, 1909-1945 100
viii
List of figures ix
3.5 Real consumer expenditure on various entertainment
items, Britain, 1881-1938, in 1913 pounds 101
3.6 Real annual per capita expenditure on spectator
entertainment in France, in 1929 francs, 1914-1938 103
3.7 Real entertainment expenditure per capita, US,
Britain and France, 1881-1938 (1914=100) 104
3.8 Share of live entertainment expenditure in total
spectator entertainment expenditure, US, Britain
and France, 1909-1951 106
4.1 Expenditure on amusements and vacations across
different income classes, for the US, Britain and France,
in times average income, 1889-1890 114
4.2 Likelihood of positive expenditure of households
on amusements and vacations, US, Britain and France,
1889-1890 114
4.3 Leisure and related expenditure of US industrial
families, per member, 1889-1890 115
4.4 Leisure and related expenditure of British industrial
families as a percentage of income, 1889-1890 116
4.5 Leisure and related expenditure of French industrial
families, 1889-1890 120
4.6 Ticket price versus cumulative ticket-selling
capacity for entertainment venues in Boston in 1909
($ and number of tickets) 122
4.7 Ticket price versus cumulative selling capacity for
entertainment venues in Boston in 1909 (dollars and
dollars or utils) 128
4.8 Leisure and related expenditure as a percentage of income
of US families, by aggregate category, 1934-1936 135
4.9 Expenditure on plays and concerts, spectator sports,
movies and radio as a percentage of income of
US families, 1934-1936 135
4.10 Expenditure on selected disaggregated leisure items as a
percentage of income of US families, 1934-1936 136
4.11 Annual leisure and related expenditure of British
working- and middle-class families, 1937-1939 137
4.12 Annual leisure and related expenditure of 92 French
families in Toulouse, 1936-1938 140
4.13 Entertainment expenditure across income groups, in share
of average income, US, Britain and France, late 1930s 141
x List of figures
4.14 Cinema expenditure across income groups, in share
of average income, US, Britain and France, late 1930s 142
4.15 Live entertainment expenditure across income groups,
in share of average income, US, Britain and France,
late 1930s 143
4.16 Live vs. filmed entertainment quantities consumed and
budget constraints, average per capita, US, Britain and
France, 1938 144
5.1 Total released film negative length, US, Britain, France
and Italy, in metres, 1893-1922 173
5.2 Total released film negative length and cinema seats,
US, Britain, France and Italy, in metres, 1893-1922 174
5.3 The value chain in the motion picture industry 180
6.1 Market shares of national film industries, US, Britain
and France, 1893-1930 188
6.2 Number of feature films produced in Britain, France and
the US, 1911-1925 191
6.3 Estimated average number of shots, set-ups and
inter-titles per film, American Film Manufacturing
Company, 1911-1919 201
6.4 Annual production costs/gross rentals ratio for various
US film companies, 1913-1927 203
6.5 Total annual production outlays for various US film
companies, 1913-1927, in constant 1913 dollars 204
6.6 Film market index of homogeneity, US, Britain and
France, 1910-1920 (total negative length of features as
percentage of all releases) 206
6.7 Four-firm concentration ratio versus real market
size for production, US film market, 1897-1930
(C4 vs. dollars of 1913) 208
6.8 Four-firm concentration ratios for the motion picture
market, US, Britain and France, 1895-1927 209
7.1 Real average cost and real gross rentals of major US
producer-distributors (1927 dollars), 1914-1950 232
7.2 Average cost as percentage of gross rentals of three
major US producers-distributors, 1914-1950 233
7.3 Four-firm concentration ratio in number of film releases,
in dollar revenue, and market size, US, 1920-1950 237
7.4 Four-firm concentration ratio, 1/n ratio and total
number of feature films released, Britain, 1920-1940 239
List of figures xi
7.5 The share of the four largest cinema circuits
of total cinemas in Britain, 1927-1939 241
7.6 Share of foreign films in US releases, by major and
independent distributors, 1927-1950 244
7.7 National origin of films released in Britain as share
of total releases, 1927-1939 246
7.8 National origin of films released in France as share
of total releases, 1926-1937 247
8.1 Age of the annual top-ten box office earning stars
in the US between 1915 and 1939 299
8.2 Distribution of fame and pay among creative inputs
and films in Britain and the US, 1916-1932:
Lorenz-curves 300
9.1 The world according to Albatros vs. the world
according to Hollywood, late 1920s/early 1930s 326
9.2 Average annual production costs and average annual
revenues for Albatros, Fox Film Corporation, Warner
Bros., MGM and RKO, in constant 1927 dollars,
1914-1940 327
10.1 Awareness among various groupings of US consumers
of a major motion picture released in February 1946,
December 1945-April 1946 362
10.2 Popularity of Clark Gable, James Stewart and Lana
Turner in the US, April 1940-October 1942 364
12.1 Real cinema box office revenue, real ticket price and
number of screens in the US, 1945-2002 406
12.2 Admissions and number of screens in Britain,
1945-2005 408
Tables
2.1 Theatre circuits in the United States, c. 1870-1900 page 28
2.2 Number of theatres, music halls and cinemas
in London, 1891-1929 39
2.3 Capital for selected new French theatre firms,
1792-1845 42
2.4 Organisation and costs of three Paris theatre
management companies, 1848 45
2.5 Entertainment performances in France, except
Paris, 1815-1816, by type 46
2.6 Employment in the US entertainment industry,
1870-1940 58
2.7 Employment in the entertainment industry in England
and Wales, 1881-1951 62
2.8 Employment in the entertainment industry in France,
1886-1946 65
2.9 Management as percentage of all non-creatives in the
French entertainment industry, 1901-1936 66
2.10 Comparison of employment in the entertainment industry,
Britain/US and France/US, 1886-1940, US = 100 68
2.11 Comparison of employment in the entertainment
industry, US, Britain and France, 1886-1940 69
3.1 Average weekly hours and holidays, US, Britain and
France, 1850-1960 74
3.2 Average annual earnings per worker, US (in 1914 dollars) 80
3.3 Indicators of urbanisation for the US, Britain,
France and Germany, 1850-1940 83
3.4 Per capita growth of leisure goods and services,
US, Britain and France, 1832-1950, quantity, real
expenditure, intensity and informal averages 94
3.5 Average annual growth of real entertainment expenditure,
US, Britain and France, 1881-1938 105
xii
List of tables xiii
4.1 Household expenditure on leisure goods and services,
US, Britain and France, 1889-1890 113
4.2 Annual leisure and related expenditure of 28 British
industrial families, per member, 1891-1894 118
4.3 Prices, capacity, sales potential, price elasticity and
consumer surplus for various types of spectator
entertainment venues, Boston, 1909 124
4.4 Leisure and related expenditure of US families,
1917-1919 131
4.5 Leisure and related expenditure of US families,
1934-1936 134
4.6 Leisure and related expenditure of British families,
1889-1890 and 1937-1939 136
4.7 Annual leisure and related expenditure of 92 French
families in Toulouse, 1936-1938 140
4.8 Indicators of the consumption of live and cinema
spectator-hours, Britain, France and the US, 1938 145
4.9 The effect of relative price and quantity elasticity of
substitution on differences in cinema consumption,
US, Britain and France, 1938 146
4.10 Comparison of benchmark year data on entertainment
expenditure, US, Britain and France, various years,
1890-1938 148
6.1 Profits of PatheFreres, in dollars, 1911-1919 224
7.1 Capital invested in the British film industry, 1938 235
7.2 New companies connected with the film industry
registered in Britain, 1927-1938 241
7.3 Number of new companies founded in the British film
industry, 1936-1938 242
7.4 Four-firm concentration ratio in feature film releases,
France, 1925-1934 243
7.5 Chronology of direct foreign distribution subsidiaries
set up by French and US companies, 1902-1927 251
8.1 Case studies of the share of creative inputs in US film
production costs 1917-1937 289
8.2 Case studies of the share of creative inputs in production
costs of six British films, 1931-1936 292
8.3 Case studies of the share of creative inputs in French
film budgets and production costs, 1923-1939 293
xiv List of tables
8.4 Reasons to visit the cinema among school children
in Montclair, US, 1933 296
8.5 Methods used by children to select movies they attend,
Chicago, 1929 297
8.6 Reasons for English filmgoers to visit the cinema, 1927 297
8.7 Distribution of popularity and pay among top creative
inputs and top films, 1916-1941 301
8.8 Preferences of cinema-goers in and around London,
1927 and 1934 304
8.9 Popularity of creative inputs over time, Britain, 1927-1946 305
8.10 The top 15 film stars and their films relative popularity
among cinema-goers in and around London, 1932 306
8.11 Source material of approved feature-length pictures, US,
1935-1945 308
8.12 Prices paid for different kinds of literary properties by
US film studios, 1940 309
8.13 Sources of film scripts, Britain and France, 1929-1939 311
9.1 Costs and revenues for Albatros, juxtaposed against
several Hollywood studios, in current dollars 322
9.2 Relative importance of country groups in Albatros
film revenues, 1924-1931, and US film revenues 325
10.1 Popularity and market segmented by income and age
for top-3 movie stars, around London, 1934 354
10.2 Popularity and market segmented by income and age
for three movie stars, US, 1940-1942 363
11.1 TFP-growth in the entertainment industry in the US,
Britain and France, 1900-1938 375
11.2 TFP-growth in the US spectator entertainment industry,
1900-1938, in per cent per annum 375
11.3 Entertainment prices at PPP ratios and exchange
rates, US, Britain and France, 1900 and 1938 378
11.4 The performance of the entertainment industry,
1900-1938 381
11.5 The growth contribution of cinema technology and
that of general purpose technologies (GPTs) at various
intervals, 1850-2000 385
11.6 Indicators of sectoral shift in the entertainment industry,
US, Britain and France, 1900-1938 393
11.7 Advertising or R D-outlays as percentage of sales
by industry, 1960-1990 397
|
| adam_txt |
Entertainment
industrialised is the first study to
compare the emergence and economic development
of the film industries in Britain, France and the
united States between
1890
and
1940. Gerben
Bakker
investigates the commercialisation and
industrialisation of live entertainment in the
nineteenth century and analyses the subsequent
arrival of motion pictures, revealingthattheir
emergence triggered a process of incessant creative
destruction, development and productivity growth
that continues in the entertainment industry today,
не
argues that cinema industrialised live
entertainment by automating it, standardising it
and making it tradeable, a process that was largely
demand-led, and that a quality race between firms
changed the structure of the international
entertainment market, while a hundred years ago,
European enterprises were supplying half of all films
shown in the USA, the quality race resulted in
today's industry, in which a handful of American
companies dominate the global entertainment
business.
Titel: Entertainment industrialised
Autor: Bakker, Gerben
Jahr: 2008
Contents
List of figures page viii
List of tables xii
Acknowledgements xv
Prologue xix
1 Introduction 1
Part I The rise of entertainment 11
2 The emergence of national entertainment markets 17
3 The increase in demand for entertainment 72
4 The structure of household entertainment expenditure 110
Part II The rise of the international film industry 153
5 The emergence of cinema 159
6 The quality race 185
7 Europe's failure to catch up 229
8 How films became branded products 272
Part III Entertainment Industrialised 315
9 International market integration: firms versus trade 319
10 Industrialising the discovery process 341
11 At the origins of increased productivity growth in services 371
12 Epilogue: after television 404
Bibliography 413
Index 440
vii
Figures
2.1 Number of resident theatre stock companies founded
in the US, by type, per decade, and annual number
of travelling companies, 1740-1979 page 24
2.2 Annual copyright registrations for drama, music
and motion pictures in the US, 1878-1945 32
2.3 The number of road productions on tour in the US,
Broadway productions and Broadway theatre weeks,
1899-1945 33
2.4 Number of newly constructed theatres in London
per decade, and hypothetical cumulative, 1650-1950 37
2.5 Capital stock invested in music hall companies, total
and average per music hall company, 1860-1912,
in current pounds 38
2.6 The number of cinemas and live entertainment venues
in France during the transition to sound, 1925-1939 48
2.7 The number of West End productions with over
100 performances, 1840-1900, per decade 54
2.8 Average length of run of productions at selected Paris
theatres, in number of performances per production,
1875-1911 55
2.9 Number of actors per 100,000 inhabitants, US,
Britain and France, 1870-1950 67
3.1 Annual hours worked per person employed and
GDP per hour worked (in 1990 dollars per hour),
US, Britain and France, 1870-1938 76
3.2 Real wages in France, various time series, 1820-1938 81
3.3 Number of passengers transported on US, British
and French railways, per year, 1843-1934 85
3.4 US consumer expenditure on spectator entertainment,
in 1913 dollars per capita, 1909-1945 100
viii
List of figures ix
3.5 Real consumer expenditure on various entertainment
items, Britain, 1881-1938, in 1913 pounds 101
3.6 Real annual per capita expenditure on spectator
entertainment in France, in 1929 francs, 1914-1938 103
3.7 Real entertainment expenditure per capita, US,
Britain and France, 1881-1938 (1914=100) 104
3.8 Share of live entertainment expenditure in total
spectator entertainment expenditure, US, Britain
and France, 1909-1951 106
4.1 Expenditure on amusements and vacations across
different income classes, for the US, Britain and France,
in times average income, 1889-1890 114
4.2 Likelihood of positive expenditure of households
on amusements and vacations, US, Britain and France,
1889-1890 114
4.3 Leisure and related expenditure of US industrial
families, per member, 1889-1890 115
4.4 Leisure and related expenditure of British industrial
families as a percentage of income, 1889-1890 116
4.5 Leisure and related expenditure of French industrial
families, 1889-1890 120
4.6 Ticket price versus cumulative ticket-selling
capacity for entertainment venues in Boston in 1909
($ and number of tickets) 122
4.7 Ticket price versus cumulative selling capacity for
entertainment venues in Boston in 1909 (dollars and
dollars or utils) 128
4.8 Leisure and related expenditure as a percentage of income
of US families, by aggregate category, 1934-1936 135
4.9 Expenditure on plays and concerts, spectator sports,
movies and radio as a percentage of income of
US families, 1934-1936 135
4.10 Expenditure on selected disaggregated leisure items as a
percentage of income of US families, 1934-1936 136
4.11 Annual leisure and related expenditure of British
working- and middle-class families, 1937-1939 137
4.12 Annual leisure and related expenditure of 92 French
families in Toulouse, 1936-1938 140
4.13 Entertainment expenditure across income groups, in share
of average income, US, Britain and France, late 1930s 141
x List of figures
4.14 Cinema expenditure across income groups, in share
of average income, US, Britain and France, late 1930s 142
4.15 Live entertainment expenditure across income groups,
in share of average income, US, Britain and France,
late 1930s 143
4.16 Live vs. filmed entertainment quantities consumed and
budget constraints, average per capita, US, Britain and
France, 1938 144
5.1 Total released film negative length, US, Britain, France
and Italy, in metres, 1893-1922 173
5.2 Total released film negative length and cinema seats,
US, Britain, France and Italy, in metres, 1893-1922 174
5.3 The value chain in the motion picture industry 180
6.1 Market shares of national film industries, US, Britain
and France, 1893-1930 188
6.2 Number of feature films produced in Britain, France and
the US, 1911-1925 191
6.3 Estimated average number of shots, set-ups and
inter-titles per film, American Film Manufacturing
Company, 1911-1919 201
6.4 Annual production costs/gross rentals ratio for various
US film companies, 1913-1927 203
6.5 Total annual production outlays for various US film
companies, 1913-1927, in constant 1913 dollars 204
6.6 Film market index of homogeneity, US, Britain and
France, 1910-1920 (total negative length of features as
percentage of all releases) 206
6.7 Four-firm concentration ratio versus real market
size for production, US film market, 1897-1930
(C4 vs. dollars of 1913) 208
6.8 Four-firm concentration ratios for the motion picture
market, US, Britain and France, 1895-1927 209
7.1 Real average cost and real gross rentals of major US
producer-distributors (1927 dollars), 1914-1950 232
7.2 Average cost as percentage of gross rentals of three
major US producers-distributors, 1914-1950 233
7.3 Four-firm concentration ratio in number of film releases,
in dollar revenue, and market size, US, 1920-1950 237
7.4 Four-firm concentration ratio, 1/n ratio and total
number of feature films released, Britain, 1920-1940 239
List of figures xi
7.5 The share of the four largest cinema circuits
of total cinemas in Britain, 1927-1939 241
7.6 Share of foreign films in US releases, by major and
independent distributors, 1927-1950 244
7.7 National origin of films released in Britain as share
of total releases, 1927-1939 246
7.8 National origin of films released in France as share
of total releases, 1926-1937 247
8.1 Age of the annual top-ten box office earning stars
in the US between 1915 and 1939 299
8.2 Distribution of fame and pay among creative inputs
and films in Britain and the US, 1916-1932:
Lorenz-curves 300
9.1 The world according to Albatros vs. the world
according to Hollywood, late 1920s/early 1930s 326
9.2 Average annual production costs and average annual
revenues for Albatros, Fox Film Corporation, Warner
Bros., MGM and RKO, in constant 1927 dollars,
1914-1940 327
10.1 Awareness among various groupings of US consumers
of a major motion picture released in February 1946,
December 1945-April 1946 362
10.2 Popularity of Clark Gable, James Stewart and Lana
Turner in the US, April 1940-October 1942 364
12.1 Real cinema box office revenue, real ticket price and
number of screens in the US, 1945-2002 406
12.2 Admissions and number of screens in Britain,
1945-2005 408
Tables
2.1 Theatre circuits in the United States, c. 1870-1900 page 28
2.2 Number of theatres, music halls and cinemas
in London, 1891-1929 39
2.3 Capital for selected new French theatre firms,
1792-1845 42
2.4 Organisation and costs of three Paris theatre
management companies, 1848 45
2.5 Entertainment performances in France, except
Paris, 1815-1816, by type 46
2.6 Employment in the US entertainment industry,
1870-1940 58
2.7 Employment in the entertainment industry in England
and Wales, 1881-1951 62
2.8 Employment in the entertainment industry in France,
1886-1946 65
2.9 Management as percentage of all non-creatives in the
French entertainment industry, 1901-1936 66
2.10 Comparison of employment in the entertainment industry,
Britain/US and France/US, 1886-1940, US = 100 68
2.11 Comparison of employment in the entertainment
industry, US, Britain and France, 1886-1940 69
3.1 Average weekly hours and holidays, US, Britain and
France, 1850-1960 74
3.2 Average annual earnings per worker, US (in 1914 dollars) 80
3.3 Indicators of urbanisation for the US, Britain,
France and Germany, 1850-1940 83
3.4 Per capita growth of leisure goods and services,
US, Britain and France, 1832-1950, quantity, real
expenditure, intensity and informal averages 94
3.5 Average annual growth of real entertainment expenditure,
US, Britain and France, 1881-1938 105
xii
List of tables xiii
4.1 Household expenditure on leisure goods and services,
US, Britain and France, 1889-1890 113
4.2 Annual leisure and related expenditure of 28 British
industrial families, per member, 1891-1894 118
4.3 Prices, capacity, sales potential, price elasticity and
consumer surplus for various types of spectator
entertainment venues, Boston, 1909 124
4.4 Leisure and related expenditure of US families,
1917-1919 131
4.5 Leisure and related expenditure of US families,
1934-1936 134
4.6 Leisure and related expenditure of British families,
1889-1890 and 1937-1939 136
4.7 Annual leisure and related expenditure of 92 French
families in Toulouse, 1936-1938 140
4.8 Indicators of the consumption of live and cinema
spectator-hours, Britain, France and the US, 1938 145
4.9 The effect of relative price and quantity elasticity of
substitution on differences in cinema consumption,
US, Britain and France, 1938 146
4.10 Comparison of benchmark year data on entertainment
expenditure, US, Britain and France, various years,
1890-1938 148
6.1 Profits of PatheFreres, in dollars, 1911-1919 224
7.1 Capital invested in the British film industry, 1938 235
7.2 New companies connected with the film industry
registered in Britain, 1927-1938 241
7.3 Number of new companies founded in the British film
industry, 1936-1938 242
7.4 Four-firm concentration ratio in feature film releases,
France, 1925-1934 243
7.5 Chronology of direct foreign distribution subsidiaries
set up by French and US companies, 1902-1927 251
8.1 Case studies of the share of creative inputs in US film
production costs 1917-1937 289
8.2 Case studies of the share of creative inputs in production
costs of six British films, 1931-1936 292
8.3 Case studies of the share of creative inputs in French
film budgets and production costs, 1923-1939 293
xiv List of tables
8.4 Reasons to visit the cinema among school children
in Montclair, US, 1933 296
8.5 Methods used by children to select movies they attend,
Chicago, 1929 297
8.6 Reasons for English filmgoers to visit the cinema, 1927 297
8.7 Distribution of popularity and pay among top creative
inputs and top films, 1916-1941 301
8.8 Preferences of cinema-goers in and around London,
1927 and 1934 304
8.9 Popularity of creative inputs over time, Britain, 1927-1946 305
8.10 The top 15 film stars and their films' relative popularity
among cinema-goers in and around London, 1932 306
8.11 Source material of approved feature-length pictures, US,
1935-1945 308
8.12 Prices paid for different kinds of literary properties by
US film studios, 1940 309
8.13 Sources of film scripts, Britain and France, 1929-1939 311
9.1 Costs and revenues for Albatros, juxtaposed against
several Hollywood studios, in current dollars 322
9.2 Relative importance of country groups in Albatros
film revenues, 1924-1931, and US film revenues 325
10.1 Popularity and market segmented by income and age
for top-3 movie stars, around London, 1934 354
10.2 Popularity and market segmented by income and age
for three movie stars, US, 1940-1942 363
11.1 TFP-growth in the entertainment industry in the US,
Britain and France, 1900-1938 375
11.2 TFP-growth in the US spectator entertainment industry,
1900-1938, in per cent per annum 375
11.3 Entertainment prices at PPP ratios and exchange
rates, US, Britain and France, 1900 and 1938 378
11.4 The performance of the entertainment industry,
1900-1938 381
11.5 The growth contribution of cinema technology and
that of general purpose technologies (GPTs) at various
intervals, 1850-2000 385
11.6 Indicators of sectoral shift in the entertainment industry,
US, Britain and France, 1900-1938 393
11.7 Advertising or R D-outlays as percentage of sales
by industry, 1960-1990 397 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035108138 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PN1993 |
| callnumber-raw | PN1993.5.A1 |
| callnumber-search | PN1993.5.A1 |
| callnumber-sort | PN 41993.5 A1 |
| callnumber-subject | PN - General Literature |
| classification_rvk | AP 58000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)221147631 (DE-599)BVBBV035108138 |
| dewey-full | 791.4309 |
| dewey-hundreds | 700 - The arts |
| dewey-ones | 791 - Public performances |
| dewey-raw | 791.4309 |
| dewey-search | 791.4309 |
| dewey-sort | 3791.4309 |
| dewey-tens | 790 - Recreational and performing arts |
| discipline | Allgemeines |
| discipline_str_mv | Allgemeines |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1890-1940 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1890-1940 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Großbritannien Frankreich USA |
| id | DE-604.BV035108138 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:16:33Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:22:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521898546 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008023220 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016776015 |
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| physical | XXI, 449 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| spelling | Bakker, Gerben Verfasser aut Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 Gerben Bakker 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XXI, 449 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in economic history Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1890-1940 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Motion picture industry History Filmwirtschaft (DE-588)4154384-1 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Frankreich (DE-588)4018145-5 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Filmwirtschaft (DE-588)4154384-1 s Geschichte 1890-1940 z DE-604 Frankreich (DE-588)4018145-5 g USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Digitalisierung UB Augsburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016776015&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016776015&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bakker, Gerben Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 Geschichte Motion picture industry History Filmwirtschaft (DE-588)4154384-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4154384-1 (DE-588)4022153-2 (DE-588)4018145-5 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 |
| title_auth | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 |
| title_exact_search | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 |
| title_full | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 Gerben Bakker |
| title_fullStr | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 Gerben Bakker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 Gerben Bakker |
| title_short | Entertainment industrialised |
| title_sort | entertainment industrialised the emergence of the international film industry 1890 1940 |
| title_sub | the emergence of the international film industry, 1890 - 1940 |
| topic | Geschichte Motion picture industry History Filmwirtschaft (DE-588)4154384-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Motion picture industry History Filmwirtschaft Großbritannien Frankreich USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016776015&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016776015&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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