Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja: iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Russian English |
| Published: |
Simferopolʹ
Tarpan
2006
|
| Series: | Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe
1 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract |
| Item Description: | Teilw. in kyrill. Schr., russ. - Text russ. und engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 139 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. 30 cm |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mordvinceva, Valentina Ivanovna |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja |b iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region |c Valentina Mordvinceva ; Natalija Chabarova |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| 264 | 1 | |a Simferopolʹ |b Tarpan |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a 139 S. |b zahlr. Ill., Kt. |c 30 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe |v 1 | |
| 500 | |a Teilw. in kyrill. Schr., russ. - Text russ. und engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej |0 (DE-588)1035736-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a Goldwork, Sarmatian / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Silverwork, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jewelry, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Goldwork, Sarmatian - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jewelry, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Silverwork, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Volga River Region (Russia) - Antiquities | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Funde | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schmuck |0 (DE-588)4052945-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sarmaten |0 (DE-588)4105355-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Toreutik |0 (DE-588)4138917-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Volga River Region (Russia) / Antiquities | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Toreutik |0 (DE-588)4138917-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Schmuck |0 (DE-588)4052945-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Sarmaten |0 (DE-588)4105355-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej |0 (DE-588)1035736-1 |D b |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chabarova, Natalija V. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1035736-1 |4 oth | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804138018128265216 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SUMMARY
43
In the last decades of the
XIX
century the region of
Tsaritsyn was invaded by gold-rushes
-
and the territory
was explored for clandestine excavations undertaken by
local people to find ancient treasures. Information about such
robberies became known to the Imperial Archaeological
Commission and in
1895
the noted scientist A. A. Spitsyn
started excavations in the Kamyshin district near the vil¬
lages Lebiazhie, Novaia
Norka
and Ust-Griaznukha. Mate¬
rials from these field works were given to the Commission
and are kept in the Imperial Hermitage, S.-Petersburg.
Museum of local lore was founded in the city of Tsaritsyn
(later called as Stalingrad, now Volgograd) in
1914.
Archaeo¬
logical collections of the new museum were collected by
local scientists and students of local lore.
In the 1920-30-s a remarkable group of research fel¬
lows was working in the Museum of local lore of Stalingrad
-T. M. Minaeva, P. I. Shishkin, A. I. Il inaand others. Their
field activity assisted in the replenishment of the collections
of the Museum and were important in spreading knowlege
of ancient history among local people.
Internal political events in Soviet Union during the sec¬
ond half of 30-s resulted in vast repression among archae¬
ologists of the Volga-Don region. Most of them perished in
labour camps in Stalin s times. Archaeological research
was headed then by I. V. Sinitsyn
-
the only survivor from
the group of the Saratov Academic Archive Commission.
In
1937
he directed the excavation of the necropolis near
Avilovskiy khutor on the Ilovlia river.
The main part of the material kept now in the Museum
of Local Lore of Volgograd was collected after the Second
World War.
In 50-60-s of the XX century the expedition of the Insti¬
tute of Archaeology of the USSR Academy of Science
(Leningrad branch) directed by V. P. Shilov, was doing field-
work in the Volgograd region. In this team were working ar¬
chaeologists
-
1. P. Zasetskaya, L. la. Malovitskaya, A. S. Skripkin
and V. I. Mamontov (at this time research fellow of
Volgograd Museum). These broad fieldworks have resulted
in numerous investigated graves with plenty of important
material that came into the funds of the Museum. World-
known are the archaeological assemblages from the Zhutovo
and Verkhnepogromnoe
necropoli
investigated by this team.
Скрипкин
1995,107-110.
The Leningrad team influenced the growth of the study
of archaeology in the Volgograd region. Intensification of
excavation works was caused by building of large irrigative
systems in the Volgograd region .
The archaeological laboratory of Volgograd State Peda¬
gogical Institute (V. I. Mamontov, A. S. Skripkin,
I. P. Lisitsyn, A. V. Lukashov) was a centre of fieldworks in
70-s. Works of this Institution are continued now by
A. V. Kiyashko, V. I. Mamontov, E. P. Mys kov and
N.
B. Skvortsov.
After the foundation of Volgograd State University in
1980
fieldworks were broadened. Archaeological excava¬
tions are conducted now by the archaeological laboratory
of the University and by the Archaeological Institute of
Lower Volga Region (A. S. Skripkin, A.
N.
Diachenko,
B. F. Zhelezchikov, V. M. Klepikov, V. A. Kriger,
A. V. Lukashov, I. V. Sergatskov).
During the last decade more institutions started to un¬
dertake their own investigations. Among them are worthy
to note the Regional Scientific Centre for Guarding the
Monuments of History and Culture (A. A. Nazarov,
P. E. Zakharov, L. V. Gurenko), the Culture Commettee of
the Administration of Volgograd Region (A. V. Sitnikov)
and Volzhskiy State Humanitarian Institute (A. A. Glukhov).
At present in the collections of the Volgograd Museum
of Local Lore there is kept significant collection of antiqui¬
ties of the Sarmatian Culture, among them unique and rare
items made of gold and silver by ancient craftsmen for bar¬
barian kinglets and nobility. These precious items are wit¬
nesses of the ancient history of the
Volgo-Don
region and
remind us the traditions of our ancestors.
In this volume are published all items made of precious
metals from graves of the Sarmatian Culture, which are kept
in the collections of the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore.
The main part of this volume is the complete Catalogue of
such items prepared by V. Mordvintseva and
N.
Khabarova.
It is followed by an essay devoted to some categories of
jewellery and toreutics (V. Mordvintseva).
Authors feel a deep gratitude to O. Lokhova, the Head
Keeper of the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore for her price¬
less help. It is worthy to note the help of D. Sharapov and
A. Gritsaeva in selecting archive materials for the Catalogue.
44
Валентина МОРДВИНЦЕВА, Наталья ХАБАРОВА
All drawings were done by V. Mordvintseva. Photos are
made by V. Mordvintseva,
N.
Khabarova and A. Severianov.
Authors are grateful to Mr. John Roberts for his kind help
in correcting Summary, which was written in English by
V. Mordvintseva.
Great help in studying jewellery and jewellery literature
was received by V. Mordvintseva during the work in co¬
operation with M. Treister on the investigative project
Zwischen technischer und künstlerischer Innovation und
Beharren in lokalen Traditionen. Zu toreutischen Werken
und Schmuckgegenständen im nördlichen Schwarz¬
meergebiet 2
headed by
Frau Dr. F. Fless.
We are cordially
grateful to
H.
Parzinger,
F.
Fless,
H.
von Hesberg,
H. Salskov
Roberts
for their help and for the possibility of working in
the libraries of Berlin, Cologne, and Copenhagen.
Jewellery studies in Russia (modern state of research).
Up to the present time academic literature on jewellery in
the West is numerous and various. Nearly all important col¬
lections of ancient jewellery are published, observed in spe¬
cial surveys, and included in typologies. However, there still
remain the questions of local centres of provenance, re¬
gional chronologies built on the basis of context material
and the problem of definition of originals and forgeries.
The situation with academic literature on the territory of
former Soviet Union is different. Most numerous are publi¬
cations of complexes with jewellery3.
Among museums only the collection of jewellery from
Chersonesos, kept in State Historical Museum (Moscow)
was published4. This monography was for a long time the
only special work on antique jewellery, and it became a
handbook for several generations of Soviet archaeologists.
At the same time this book was responsible for number of
myths in the science of our country, including opinions about
large scale import of jewellery from Syria and Middle Asia
to the North
Pontic
region (without notes on source of such
information)5, or theories about the late date for jewellery
inlayed with stones (not earlier than I-III
с
A.D.)6.
Of great importance was the publication of «Greek
Gold» by J. Ogden and D. Williams in the Russian language7.
In this volume were published essays on the
technikš
of
ancient goldsmiths and on centres of jewellery production.
However, this catalogue consisted of mainly well-known
artefacts from the Metropolitan Museum, the British Mu¬
seum and the State Hermitage. The chronological frame of
the book (IV-III
с
B.C.) is also too limited for students of
Barbarian cultures of the North
Pontic
region and Eastern
European Steppes.
The great number of professional surveys of jewellery
are published mainly abroad8. It has meant in a low level of
jewellery knowlege in our country. At the same time inter¬
est in ancient jewellery and toreutics is growing. Many new
2
Project was supported by Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft.
3
Ковпаненко
1986;
Прохорова, Гугуев
1992,142-161;
Гущина, Засецкая
1989; 1994;
Симоненко, Лобай
1991
Loboda,
Puzdrovskij, Zajcev
2002;
Mordvintseva, Zaytsev
2003,
etc.
4
Пятышева
1956.
5
Пятышева
1956, 17.
6
Пятышева
1956,19.
7
Уильяме, Огден
1995.
8
Treister
1996,172-184; 2001; 2002;
2002а;
2003,295-304; 2004;
Tonkova
1995.
9
See for example:
Вольвах, Подвысоцкая
2003,18-20;
Зайцев
2004,47-50;
Мордвинцева
2004, 64-66
Подвысоцкая, Черняков
2004,81-83;
Русяева2003,
99-102;
Стоянов
2003,118-121.
10
Стоянов
2004;
2004а; Архипов, Симоненко
2004.
ДРЕВНЕЕ ЗОЛОТО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ
articles and essays on this theme have appeared. A special
conference on «Jewellery Art and Material Culture» is held
in the State Hermitage twice a year, with published volume
of every meeting9.
Apart from these articles other kinds of works on
jewellery have become a sign of modern times. In recent
years many collectors of ancient artefacts have appeared in
Russia and Ukraine. Huge-scale demands for antiquities
have resulted in a huge amount of forgeries. Some of them
have already been declared as originals by professional ar¬
chaeologists10. The desire of collectors to see their collec¬
tions published is understandable. In this way objects be¬
come recognizable by scientists and moreover get better
price. To publish a private item without proper context it is
worth remembering that such material is «second hand» and
should be examined critically. When forgeries are already
published it is hard to improve the situation.
Of course not all objects from private collections are of
modern production. A great misfortune for archaeology and
for humanity are the large-scale clandestine excavations
throughout South Russia (Kuban region) and Ukraine (the
Crimea in particular).
Thus, the contemporary situation with jewellery studies
in Russia could be characterized as corresponding to the
state of science in the West in 60-s of the XX century: a
large amount of finds having no identification papers have
appeared in museums and private collections, with discus¬
sions concerning their authenticity, the search for methods
to define forgeries, the growth of interest to build typology
and the chronology of this category of material.
Short characteristic of the jewellery collection
2
с
B.C. - 4
с.
A.D.
of the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore.
All objects being discussed in this volume were found in an
archaeological context giving proofs of their originality.
Items made of precious metals played a distinctive role
in the history of mankind as objects of prestige and signs of
high social position. In this capacity jewellery and toreutics
were placed in the Sarmatian graves.
To the first chronological period (III
—
I c. B.C.) belong
objects from
38
complexes: Baranovka-I,
10-9;
Belokamenka,
1-3,6-5,7-3;
Berdia
1-7;
Býkovo
11-3,2-3,
5-7;
Varlamov
2-5;
Vengelovka
2-4;
Verkhnepogromnoe
1-12,6-5,7-6,14-11 ;
Verkhny Balykley
7-2;
Volzhsky
8-6;
Zheltukhin
1-1;
Zhurov
2-5;
Zhutovo
27
(votive deposi¬
tion in mound),
27-4,27-5,30-1;
Zapadnye
Mogiły
18-2,
18-7, 21-2;
Zaplavnoe
8-9;
Ilyevka
4-2;
Koroli
4-1;
Oktyabrsky-V
1-1, 1-2, 3-1;
Pervomaisky-I
13-3;
Pervomaisky-VII
42—4;
Pisarevka-II
6-2;
Priozernoe
2-8;
Pyatnadtsaty poselok
5-3;
Khimkombinat-B
4-5;
Tsarev
23-4.
In this number
9
of
38
graves were robbed.
45
To the second chronological period (I
-
first half of II
с
A.D.)
belong objects from
36
complexes:
Antonov
5-1;
Baranovka-I
1-1,3-1,4-1,14-1;
Berdia
3-1, 5-1,6-1, 8-2;
Verbovsky-I
6-1,
Verbovsky-II
4-1;
Verbovsky-III
2-1;
Vetyutnev
1 -1 ;
Zhutovo
67-2,71-1, 82-1 ;
Zakanalny
2-1,
10-1, 11-1;
Zapadnye
Mogiły
22-1;
Kilyakovka
3-8;
Kolobovka
5-7;
Koroleva
Mogiła
1-І;
Malaya Vorobtsovka
3-1 ;
Novy
Rogachik
6-1 ;
Oktyabrsky-1
1-1 ;
Oktyabrsky-II
1-2, 2-1, 3-1;
Pervomaisky-I
1-2;
Pervomaisky-VII
14-1;
Pervomaisky-IX
4-1;
Peregruznoe
5-1;
Politotdelskoe
2-7;
Primorsky-I
6-1;
Razdol e
2-2.
In this number
28
of
36
graves were robbed.
To the third chronological period (second half of
П
-IV
с
A.D.)
belong objects from
7
complexes with jewellery ob¬
jects: Abganerovo-II
13-1, 33-1;
Býkovo
3-1;
Veselý-
VI
1-1;
Ivanovka
2-1;
Nagavsky-II
11-1;
Solyanka-I
3-2.
In
this number
2
of
7
graves were robbed.
This chronological disproportions in the number of buri¬
als with jewellery and objects of toreutic in different peri¬
ods were caused by general changes in the Sarmatian cul¬
ture. It is particularly obvious for burials of the third chro¬
nological period. Standardization of the burial rite in times
of the so-called Late Sarmatian Culture was followed by
relatively small number of objects of social prestige. The
same situation could be observed in other Barbarian territo¬
ries of Eastern Europe, for example in the Crimea from the
second half of the II to the first half of the III
с
A.D.
The majority of graves containing jewellery and toreutics
is dated to the I c. B.C.
-
1 c.
A.D.
Unfortunately those graves
were mostly robbed. Perhaps robbers were aware of the rich¬
ness of the burials, which usually were made in graves of
square or broad rectangular shape.
For different periods of the Sarmatian Culture there are
tendencies to use peculiar categories of jewellery and
toreutics.
For the graves of the 1st chronological period (II-I
с
B.C.) daggers plated with golden foil are characteristic (Cat.
20,
Cat.
25,
Cat.
61,
Cat.
77).
Most of them were not the
proper weapon but substitutes used for ritual purposes or to
show social status.
Jewellery objects
-
temple pendants or earrings, brace¬
lets, torques
-
in this period are mainly made of gold wire
curled in several coils. Some of earrings are supplemented
with granulation.
Another group of objects show long narrow platings with
representations of animals (Cat.
214,
Cat.
77,
Cat.
134,
Cat.
18,
Cat.
181).
The are dated from the I c. B.C. to the first
half of the I c.
A.D.
Most likely these items functioned as a
kind of ritual baton. They were found exclusively in the
graves of warriors of high social rank. In the grave these
batons were put on the most meaningful places: swords,
arrow-cases, left hand of the buried.
From the I c. B.C. and in the I c.
A.D.
the burials of
highest rank are accompanied with sets of precious vessels.
Set of silverware was found in Oktyabrsky-V
1-1 :
a bea¬
ker with the handle in the shape of hare (Cat.
163),
a hemi¬
spherical bowl with long petals and central rosette on the
bottom (Cat.
164),
conical beaker (Cat.
165)
and a low coni¬
cal phiala (Cat.
166).
In the grave of the burial
4
of Verbovsky-II necropolis
were found a vessel with lid and two handles in the shape of
wolves (Cat.
52)
and a cup with internal medallion repre¬
senting
Gorgona
Medusa (Cat.
53).
Two compexes with silver vessels originated from the
Berdia necropolis. One is represented by a beaker of coni¬
cal shape (Cat.
42),
another
-
by two hemispherical cups
with handles shaped as griffins (Cat
27).
Frequent finds in the Sarmatian graves of the first cen¬
turies
A.D.
are sewn appliques or tubes for necklaces. They
have been found quite often, and nearly in every grave con¬
taining jewellery objects. Other jewellery items are repre¬
sented more rarely, due to many of robbed complexes. In
this period new types of jewellery ornaments appeared.
Among them are earrings with pendants on chains, amulet-
pendants, buckles and other objects.
Prestigious objects of the 3rd chronological period (sec¬
ond half of the II—IV
с
A.D.)
are represented by belt fittings
(buckles, tips) and some jewellery objects
-
mainly found
in rich graves of the second half of the II
с
A.D.
(Nagavsky
and
Veselý).
Publication of jewellery and toreutic objects from the
Volgograd Museum of Local Lore is only the first step in
the research of jewellery of the Sarmatian Culture. It pro¬
vides material for a future comparative study.
|
| adam_txt |
SUMMARY
43
In the last decades of the
XIX
century the region of
Tsaritsyn was invaded by "gold-rushes"
-
and the territory
was explored for clandestine excavations undertaken by
local people to find ancient treasures. Information about such
robberies became known to the Imperial Archaeological
Commission and in
1895
the noted scientist A. A. Spitsyn
started excavations in the Kamyshin district near the vil¬
lages Lebiazhie, Novaia
Norka
and Ust-Griaznukha. Mate¬
rials from these field works were given to the Commission
and are kept in the Imperial Hermitage, S.-Petersburg.
Museum of local lore was founded in the city of Tsaritsyn
(later called as Stalingrad, now Volgograd) in
1914.
Archaeo¬
logical collections of the new museum were collected by
local scientists and students of local lore.
In the 1920-30-s a remarkable group of research fel¬
lows was working in the Museum of local lore of Stalingrad
-T. M. Minaeva, P. I. Shishkin, A. I. Il'inaand others. Their
field activity assisted in the replenishment of the collections
of the Museum and were important in spreading knowlege
of ancient history among local people.
Internal political events in Soviet Union during the sec¬
ond half of 30-s resulted in vast repression among archae¬
ologists of the Volga-Don region. Most of them perished in
"labour camps" in Stalin's times. Archaeological research
was headed then by I. V. Sinitsyn
-
the only survivor from
the group of the Saratov Academic Archive Commission.
In
1937
he directed the excavation of the necropolis near
Avilovskiy khutor on the Ilovlia river.
The main part of the material kept now in the Museum
of Local Lore of Volgograd was collected after the Second
World War.
In 50-60-s of the XX century the expedition of the Insti¬
tute of Archaeology of the USSR Academy of Science
(Leningrad branch) directed by V. P. Shilov, was doing field-
work in the Volgograd region. In this team were working ar¬
chaeologists
-
1. P. Zasetskaya, L. la. Malovitskaya, A. S. Skripkin
and V. I. Mamontov (at this time research fellow of
Volgograd Museum). These broad fieldworks have resulted
in numerous investigated graves with plenty of important
material that came into the funds of the Museum. World-
known are the archaeological assemblages from the Zhutovo
and Verkhnepogromnoe
necropoli
investigated by this team.
'Скрипкин
1995,107-110.
The Leningrad team influenced the growth of the study
of archaeology in the Volgograd region. Intensification of
excavation works was caused by building of large irrigative
systems in the Volgograd region'.
The archaeological laboratory of Volgograd State Peda¬
gogical Institute (V. I. Mamontov, A. S. Skripkin,
I. P. Lisitsyn, A. V. Lukashov) was a centre of fieldworks in
70-s. Works of this Institution are continued now by
A. V. Kiyashko, V. I. Mamontov, E. P. Mys'kov and
N.
B. Skvortsov.
After the foundation of Volgograd State University in
1980
fieldworks were broadened. Archaeological excava¬
tions are conducted now by the archaeological laboratory
of the University and by the Archaeological Institute of
Lower Volga Region (A. S. Skripkin, A.
N.
Diachenko,
B. F. Zhelezchikov, V. M. Klepikov, V. A. Kriger,
A. V. Lukashov, I. V. Sergatskov).
During the last decade more institutions started to un¬
dertake their own investigations. Among them are worthy
to note the Regional Scientific Centre for Guarding the
Monuments of History and Culture (A. A. Nazarov,
P. E. Zakharov, L. V. Gurenko), the Culture Commettee of
the Administration of Volgograd Region (A. V. Sitnikov)
and Volzhskiy State Humanitarian Institute (A. A. Glukhov).
At present in the collections of the Volgograd Museum
of Local Lore there is kept significant collection of antiqui¬
ties of the Sarmatian Culture, among them unique and rare
items made of gold and silver by ancient craftsmen for bar¬
barian kinglets and nobility. These precious items are wit¬
nesses of the ancient history of the
Volgo-Don
region and
remind us the traditions of our ancestors.
In this volume are published all items made of precious
metals from graves of the Sarmatian Culture, which are kept
in the collections of the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore.
The main part of this volume is the complete Catalogue of
such items prepared by V. Mordvintseva and
N.
Khabarova.
It is followed by an essay devoted to some categories of
jewellery and toreutics (V. Mordvintseva).
Authors feel a deep gratitude to O. Lokhova, the Head
Keeper of the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore for her price¬
less help. It is worthy to note the help of D. Sharapov and
A. Gritsaeva in selecting archive materials for the Catalogue.
44
Валентина МОРДВИНЦЕВА, Наталья ХАБАРОВА
All drawings were done by V. Mordvintseva. Photos are
made by V. Mordvintseva,
N.
Khabarova and A. Severianov.
Authors are grateful to Mr. John Roberts for his kind help
in correcting Summary, which was written in English by
V. Mordvintseva.
Great help in studying jewellery and jewellery literature
was received by V. Mordvintseva during the work in co¬
operation with M. Treister on the investigative project
"Zwischen technischer und künstlerischer Innovation und
Beharren in lokalen Traditionen. Zu toreutischen Werken
und Schmuckgegenständen im nördlichen Schwarz¬
meergebiet"2
headed by
Frau Dr. F. Fless.
We are cordially
grateful to
H.
Parzinger,
F.
Fless,
H.
von Hesberg,
H. Salskov
Roberts
for their help and for the possibility of working in
the libraries of Berlin, Cologne, and Copenhagen.
Jewellery studies in Russia (modern state of research).
Up to the present time academic literature on jewellery in
the West is numerous and various. Nearly all important col¬
lections of ancient jewellery are published, observed in spe¬
cial surveys, and included in typologies. However, there still
remain the questions of local centres of provenance, re¬
gional chronologies built on the basis of context material
and the problem of definition of originals and forgeries.
The situation with academic literature on the territory of
former Soviet Union is different. Most numerous are publi¬
cations of complexes with jewellery3.
Among museums only the collection of jewellery from
Chersonesos, kept in State Historical Museum (Moscow)
was published4. This monography was for a long time the
only special work on antique jewellery, and it became a
handbook for several generations of Soviet archaeologists.
At the same time this book was responsible for number of
myths in the science of our country, including opinions about
large scale import of jewellery from Syria and Middle Asia
to the North
Pontic
region (without notes on source of such
information)5, or theories about the late date for jewellery
inlayed with stones (not earlier than I-III
с
A.D.)6.
Of great importance was the publication of «Greek
Gold» by J. Ogden and D. Williams in the Russian language7.
In this volume were published essays on the
technikš
of
ancient goldsmiths and on centres of jewellery production.
However, this catalogue consisted of mainly well-known
artefacts from the Metropolitan Museum, the British Mu¬
seum and the State Hermitage. The chronological frame of
the book (IV-III
с
B.C.) is also too limited for students of
Barbarian cultures of the North
Pontic
region and Eastern
European Steppes.
The great number of professional surveys of jewellery
are published mainly abroad8. It has meant in a low level of
jewellery knowlege in our country. At the same time inter¬
est in ancient jewellery and toreutics is growing. Many new
2
Project was supported by Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft.
3
Ковпаненко
1986;
Прохорова, Гугуев
1992,142-161;
Гущина, Засецкая
1989; 1994;
Симоненко, Лобай
1991'
Loboda,
Puzdrovskij, Zajcev
2002;
Mordvintseva, Zaytsev
2003,
etc.
4
Пятышева
1956.
5
Пятышева
1956, 17.
6
Пятышева
1956,19.
7
Уильяме, Огден
1995.
8
Treister
1996,172-184; 2001; 2002;
2002а;
2003,295-304; 2004;
Tonkova
1995.
9
See for example:
Вольвах, Подвысоцкая
2003,18-20;
Зайцев
2004,47-50;
Мордвинцева
2004, 64-66'
Подвысоцкая, Черняков
2004,81-83;
Русяева2003,
99-102;
Стоянов
2003,118-121.
10
Стоянов
2004;
2004а; Архипов, Симоненко
2004.
ДРЕВНЕЕ ЗОЛОТО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ
articles and essays on this theme have appeared. A special
conference on «Jewellery Art and Material Culture» is held
in the State Hermitage twice a year, with published volume
of every meeting9.
Apart from these articles other kinds of works on
jewellery have become a sign of modern times. In recent
years many collectors of ancient artefacts have appeared in
Russia and Ukraine. Huge-scale demands for antiquities
have resulted in a huge amount of forgeries. Some of them
have already been declared as originals by professional ar¬
chaeologists10. The desire of collectors to see their collec¬
tions published is understandable. In this way objects be¬
come recognizable by scientists and moreover get better
price. To publish a private item without proper context it is
worth remembering that such material is «second hand» and
should be examined critically. When forgeries are already
published it is hard to improve the situation.
Of course not all objects from private collections are of
modern production. A great misfortune for archaeology and
for humanity are the large-scale clandestine excavations
throughout South Russia (Kuban region) and Ukraine (the
Crimea in particular).
Thus, the contemporary situation with jewellery studies
in Russia could be characterized as corresponding to the
state of science in the West in 60-s of the XX century: a
large amount of finds having no identification papers have
appeared in museums and private collections, with discus¬
sions concerning their authenticity, the search for methods
to define forgeries, the growth of interest to build typology
and the chronology of this category of material.
Short characteristic of the jewellery collection
2
с
B.C. - 4
с.
A.D.
of the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore.
All objects being discussed in this volume were found in an
archaeological context giving proofs of their originality.
Items made of precious metals played a distinctive role
in the history of mankind as objects of prestige and signs of
high social position. In this capacity jewellery and toreutics
were placed in the Sarmatian graves.
To the first chronological period (III
—
I c. B.C.) belong
objects from
38
complexes: Baranovka-I,
10-9;
Belokamenka,
1-3,6-5,7-3;
Berdia
1-7;
Býkovo
11-3,2-3,
5-7;
Varlamov
2-5;
Vengelovka
2-4;
Verkhnepogromnoe
1-12,6-5,7-6,14-11 ;
Verkhny Balykley
7-2;
Volzhsky
8-6;
Zheltukhin
1-1;
Zhurov
2-5;
Zhutovo
27
(votive deposi¬
tion in mound),
27-4,27-5,30-1;
Zapadnye
Mogiły
18-2,
18-7, 21-2;
Zaplavnoe
8-9;
Ilyevka
4-2;
Koroli
4-1;
Oktyabrsky-V
1-1, 1-2, 3-1;
Pervomaisky-I
13-3;
Pervomaisky-VII
42—4;
Pisarevka-II
6-2;
Priozernoe
2-8;
Pyatnadtsaty poselok
5-3;
Khimkombinat-B
4-5;
Tsarev
23-4.
In this number
9
of
38
graves were robbed.
45
To the second chronological period (I
-
first half of II
с
A.D.)
belong objects from
36
complexes:
Antonov
5-1;
Baranovka-I
1-1,3-1,4-1,14-1;
Berdia
3-1, 5-1,6-1, 8-2;
Verbovsky-I
6-1,
Verbovsky-II
4-1;
Verbovsky-III
2-1;
Vetyutnev
1 -1 ;
Zhutovo
67-2,71-1, 82-1 ;
Zakanalny
2-1,
10-1, 11-1;
Zapadnye
Mogiły
22-1;
Kilyakovka
3-8;
Kolobovka
5-7;
Koroleva
Mogiła
1-І;
Malaya Vorobtsovka
3-1 ;
Novy
Rogachik
6-1 ;
Oktyabrsky-1
1-1 ;
Oktyabrsky-II
1-2, 2-1, 3-1;
Pervomaisky-I
1-2;
Pervomaisky-VII
14-1;
Pervomaisky-IX
4-1;
Peregruznoe
5-1;
Politotdelskoe
2-7;
Primorsky-I
6-1;
Razdol'e
2-2.
In this number
28
of
36
graves were robbed.
To the third chronological period (second half of
П
-IV
с
A.D.)
belong objects from
7
complexes with jewellery ob¬
jects: Abganerovo-II
13-1, 33-1;
Býkovo
3-1;
Veselý-
VI
1-1;
Ivanovka
2-1;
Nagavsky-II
11-1;
Solyanka-I
3-2.
In
this number
2
of
7
graves were robbed.
This chronological disproportions in the number of buri¬
als with jewellery and objects of toreutic in different peri¬
ods were caused by general changes in the Sarmatian cul¬
ture. It is particularly obvious for burials of the third chro¬
nological period. Standardization of the burial rite in times
of the so-called Late Sarmatian Culture was followed by
relatively small number of objects of social prestige. The
same situation could be observed in other Barbarian territo¬
ries of Eastern Europe, for example in the Crimea from the
second half of the II to the first half of the III
с
A.D.
The majority of graves containing jewellery and toreutics
is dated to the I c. B.C.
-
1 c.
A.D.
Unfortunately those graves
were mostly robbed. Perhaps robbers were aware of the rich¬
ness of the burials, which usually were made in graves of
square or broad rectangular shape.
For different periods of the Sarmatian Culture there are
tendencies to use peculiar categories of jewellery and
toreutics.
For the graves of the 1st chronological period (II-I
с
B.C.) daggers plated with golden foil are characteristic (Cat.
20,
Cat.
25,
Cat.
61,
Cat.
77).
Most of them were not the
proper weapon but substitutes used for ritual purposes or to
show social status.
Jewellery objects
-
temple pendants or earrings, brace¬
lets, torques
-
in this period are mainly made of gold wire
curled in several coils. Some of earrings are supplemented
with granulation.
Another group of objects show long narrow platings with
representations of animals (Cat.
214,
Cat.
77,
Cat.
134,
Cat.
18,
Cat.
181).
The are dated from the I c. B.C. to the first
half of the I c.
A.D.
Most likely these items functioned as a
kind of ritual baton. They were found exclusively in the
graves of warriors of high social rank. In the grave these
batons were put on the most meaningful places: swords,
arrow-cases, left hand of the buried.
From the I c. B.C. and in the I c.
A.D.
the burials of
highest rank are accompanied with sets of precious vessels.
Set of silverware was found in Oktyabrsky-V
1-1 :
a bea¬
ker with the handle in the shape of hare (Cat.
163),
a hemi¬
spherical bowl with long petals and central rosette on the
bottom (Cat.
164),
conical beaker (Cat.
165)
and a low coni¬
cal phiala (Cat.
166).
In the grave of the burial
4
of Verbovsky-II necropolis
were found a vessel with lid and two handles in the shape of
wolves (Cat.
52)
and a cup with internal medallion repre¬
senting
Gorgona
Medusa (Cat.
53).
Two compexes with silver vessels originated from the
Berdia necropolis. One is represented by a beaker of coni¬
cal shape (Cat.
42),
another
-
by two hemispherical cups
with handles shaped as griffins (Cat
27).
Frequent finds in the Sarmatian graves of the first cen¬
turies
A.D.
are sewn appliques or tubes for necklaces. They
have been found quite often, and nearly in every grave con¬
taining jewellery objects. Other jewellery items are repre¬
sented more rarely, due to many of robbed complexes. In
this period new types of jewellery ornaments appeared.
Among them are earrings with pendants on chains, amulet-
pendants, buckles and other objects.
Prestigious objects of the 3rd chronological period (sec¬
ond half of the II—IV
с
A.D.)
are represented by belt fittings
(buckles, tips) and some jewellery objects
-
mainly found
in rich graves of the second half of the II
с
A.D.
(Nagavsky
and
Veselý).
Publication of jewellery and toreutic objects from the
Volgograd Museum of Local Lore is only the first step in
the research of jewellery of the Sarmatian Culture. It pro¬
vides material for a future comparative study. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Mordvinceva, Valentina Ivanovna Chabarova, Natalija V. |
| author_facet | Mordvinceva, Valentina Ivanovna Chabarova, Natalija V. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Mordvinceva, Valentina Ivanovna |
| author_variant | v i m vi vim n v c nv nvc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035070186 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644582659 (DE-599)BVBBV035070186 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Volga River Region (Russia) / Antiquities Wolga-Gebiet (DE-588)4066888-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Volga River Region (Russia) / Antiquities Wolga-Gebiet |
| id | DE-604.BV035070186 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:03:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:21:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1035736-1 |
| language | Russian English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016738601 |
| oclc_num | 644582659 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-12 |
| physical | 139 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. 30 cm |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Tarpan |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe |
| series2 | Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe |
| spelling | Mordvinceva, Valentina Ivanovna Verfasser aut Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region Valentina Mordvinceva ; Natalija Chabarova The ancient gold of the Volga region Simferopolʹ Tarpan 2006 139 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe 1 Teilw. in kyrill. Schr., russ. - Text russ. und engl. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej (DE-588)1035736-1 gnd rswk-swf Goldwork, Sarmatian / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Goldwork, Sarmatian - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Volga River Region (Russia) - Antiquities Funde Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 gnd rswk-swf Sarmaten (DE-588)4105355-2 gnd rswk-swf Toreutik (DE-588)4138917-7 gnd rswk-swf Volga River Region (Russia) / Antiquities Wolga-Gebiet (DE-588)4066888-5 gnd rswk-swf Wolga-Gebiet (DE-588)4066888-5 g Toreutik (DE-588)4138917-7 s Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 s Sarmaten (DE-588)4105355-2 s Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej (DE-588)1035736-1 b DE-604 Chabarova, Natalija V. Verfasser aut Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej Sonstige (DE-588)1035736-1 oth Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe 1 (DE-604)BV023386900 1 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016738601&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Mordvinceva, Valentina Ivanovna Chabarova, Natalija V. Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region Ancient toreutics and jewellery in Eastern Europe Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej (DE-588)1035736-1 gnd Goldwork, Sarmatian / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Goldwork, Sarmatian - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Volga River Region (Russia) - Antiquities Funde Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 gnd Sarmaten (DE-588)4105355-2 gnd Toreutik (DE-588)4138917-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1035736-1 (DE-588)4052945-9 (DE-588)4105355-2 (DE-588)4138917-7 (DE-588)4066888-5 |
| title | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| title_alt | The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| title_auth | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| title_exact_search | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| title_full | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region Valentina Mordvinceva ; Natalija Chabarova |
| title_fullStr | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region Valentina Mordvinceva ; Natalija Chabarova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region Valentina Mordvinceva ; Natalija Chabarova |
| title_short | Drevnee zoloto Povolžʹja |
| title_sort | drevnee zoloto povolzʹja iz fondov volgogradskogo oblastnogo kraevedceskogo muzeja the ancient gold of the volga region |
| title_sub | iz fondov Volgogradskogo Oblastnogo Kraevedčeskogo Muzeja = The ancient gold of the Volga region |
| topic | Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej (DE-588)1035736-1 gnd Goldwork, Sarmatian / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Goldwork, Sarmatian - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Volga River Region (Russia) - Antiquities Funde Schmuck (DE-588)4052945-9 gnd Sarmaten (DE-588)4105355-2 gnd Toreutik (DE-588)4138917-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Volgogradskij Oblastnoj Kraevedčeskij Muzej Goldwork, Sarmatian / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient / Russia (Federation) / Volga River Region Goldwork, Sarmatian - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Jewelry, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Silverwork, Ancient - Russia (Federation) - Volga River Region Volga River Region (Russia) - Antiquities Funde Schmuck Sarmaten Toreutik Volga River Region (Russia) / Antiquities Wolga-Gebiet |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016738601&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023386900 |
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