Holdings: Agroecological economics

Agroecological economics: sustainability and biodiversity

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Wojtkowski, Paul Anthony 1947- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Acad. Press 2008
Edition:	1. ed.
Subjects:	Landwirtschaft Umwelt Agricultural ecology > Economic aspects Agricultural ecology > Methodology Agriculture > Economic aspects Agriculture > Environmental aspects Agrarökonomie Agrarökologie Nachhaltigkeit Agrarökosystem Biodiversität Aufsatzsammlung
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XXI, 293 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 23cm
ISBN:	0123741173 9780123741172

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Record in the Search Index

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adam_text	AGROECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS SUSTAINABILITY AND BIODIVERSITY PAUL A. WOJTKOWSKI AMSTERDAM * BOSTON * HEIDELBERG * LONDON * NEW YORK * OXFORD PARIS * SAN DIEGO * SAN FRANCISCO * SINGAPORE * SYDNEY * TOKYO ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS IS AN IMPRINT OF ELSEVIER CONTENTS PREFACE XIX ABOUT THE AUTHOR XXI 1 INTRODUCTION 1 ECOLOGY AND AGROECOLOGY 1 A PHILOSOPHICAL POSITIONING 2 AGROECOLOGICAL ABSTRACTIONS 3 TRADITIONAL SUBDIVISIONS 4 THE ECONOMIC SCOPE 5 KEY ABSTRACTIONS 7 MEASUREMENT 8 INTANGIBLES 9 INTUITIVENESS 10 ENDNOTES 10 2 LEAD-UP AGROBIOMONICS 13 ESSENTIAL RESOURCES 13 THE LIMITING RESOURCE 13 NUTRIENT PROFILES 14 AGROECOLOGICAL NICHES 15 GOVERNANCE 15 PLANT-ON-PLANT GOVERNANCE 16 ECOSYSTEM GOVERNANCE 18 ANALYTICAL UNDERPINNINGS 18 BASIC MEASURES 19 LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO 19 PRICE-ADJUSTED LERS 20 COST EQUIVALENT RATIO 21 RVT-ADJUSTED CERS 22 VII VIII CONTENTS ECONOMIC ORIENTATION 22 RISK 24 ENDNOTES 25 3 VECTOR THEORY 27 VECTORS 27 THE BASE 27 AGROECOLOGICAL VECTORS 28 GENETIC IMPROVEMENT 28 VARIETAL 29 MICROBIAL 30 AGROBIODIVERSITY 31 BIODIVERSITY 32 ROTATIONAL 33 CROSS-PLOT 33 V LOCATION 33 PHYSICAL LAND CHANGE 34 EX-FARM INPUTS 34 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 35 ALLYING VECTORS 35 DESIGN 36 DESIGN VARIABLES 36 DESIRABLE AGROECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES 37 AGROTECHNOLOGIES 38 PRINCIPAL MODE 39 AUXILIARY 41 ADD-ONS 41 OBJECTIVES 41 OPTIMIZATION 43 ENDNOTES 43 4 AGROBIODIVERSITY 45 APPLICATIONS 45 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 46 YIELD GAINS 46 COMPETITIVE ACQUISITION (INTERCEPTION GAINS) 47 COMPETITIVE PARTITIONING (CONVERSION GAINS) 48 COST GAINS 49 RISK REDUCTIONS 50 CLIMATE 50 INSECT AND PLANT DISEASES 50 CONTENTS IX RELEVANT GUIDELINES 51 ECONOMIC MEASURES 53 THE PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES CURVE 53 RATIO LINES 53 CURVE DERIVATIONS 53 PRICE-ADJUSTED PPCS 55 DESIGN VARIABLES 55 SPECIES 56 PLANTING DENSITY 56 SPATIAL PATTERN 56 TEMPORAL ADJUSTMENTS 58 DENSITY, DIVERSITY, DISARRAY, AND DURATION 58 THE NON-HARVEST OPTION 59 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 60 MONOCULTURAL VARIATIONS 61 PURE MONOCULTURES 61 VARIETAL/ GENUS MONOCULTURES 61 PRODUCTIVE INTERCROPPING (NON-WOODY) 61 SIMPLE MIXES 62 STRIP CROPPING (SEASONAL) 63 BARRIER OR BOUNDARY 63 COMPLEX AGROECOSYSTEMS (WITHOUT TREES) 64 PRODUCTIVE AGROFORESTRY 65 ISOLATED TREE 65 ALLEY CROPPING (TREEROW) 65 STRIP CROPPING (MIXED TREE) 66 AGROFORESTRY INTERCROPPING 67 SHADE SYSTEMS (LIGHT) 68 AGROFORESTS 68 ENDNOTES 70 5 BIODIVERSITY 73 APPLICATIONS 73 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 73 YIELDS 74 COST REDUCTIONS 75 SUBSTITUTABLE INPUTS 75 DESIRABLE PLANT CHARACTERISTICS 75 CUT-AND-CARRY 76 RISK ABATEMENT 77 RAIN IMPACT 77 CLIMATE 77 CONTENTS INSECTS AND DISEASES 78 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 79 ECONOMIC MEASURES 80 ADJUSTED CER DEMONSTRATED 80 COST FLOORS 80 COST POSSIBILITIES CURVE 81 DESIGN VARIABLES 82 SPECIFIC INTERACTION ZONES 82 SPATIAL PATTERNS 82 TIMING 82 PRUNING 83 WEEDS 84 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 84 PERCEIVED MONOCULTURES 85 FACILITATIVE INTERCROPPING 86 SIMPLE MIXES 86 STRIP CROPPING 87 BOUNDARY 87 COVERCROPS 87 FACILITATIVE AGROFORESTRY 88 PARKLAND 88 PROTECTIVE BARRIER 90 ALLEY CROPPING (HEDGEROW) 90 STRIP CROPPING (MIXED TREE) 92 CROP OVER TREE 92 PHYSICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 93 SHADE SYSTEMS (HEAVY) 94 ENDNOTES 95 6 TEMPORAL ECONOMICS 97 APPLICATIONS 97 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 98 YIELD GAINS 98 TEMPORAL DPCS 98 FALLOWS 99 COST REDUCTIONS 100 RISK ABATEMENT 101 CLIMATE 101 INSECTS AND DISEASES 101 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 102 ECONOMIC MEASURES 102 SUSTAINABILITY 102 CONTENTS XI ORDERING 103 TEMPORAL PPC 105 NET PRESENT VALUE 105 DESIGN VARIABLES 106 DELAYED SOWING 106 PLANTING 107 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 108 SINGLE OR DISCRETE ROTATIONS 108 SERIES ROTATIONS 109 OVERLAPPING CYCLES 109 TAUNGYAS 110 SIMPLE TAUNGYAS 110 EXTENDED TAUNGYAS 111 MULTI-STAGE TAUNGYAS 112 END-STAGE TAUNGYAS 112 CONTINUAL CROPPING 112 ENDNOTES 113 7 GENETIC, VARIETAL AND LOCATIONAL 115 APPLICATIONS 115 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 117 VARIETAL SELECTION 117 LOCATIONAL SELECTION 118 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 119 ECONOMIC MEASURES 119 DESIGN VARIABLES 119 VARIETAL 120 LOCATIONAL 120 MICRO-LOCATION 121 MACRO-LOCATION 121 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 121 ELEVATION 121 SCATTERING 122 ENDNOTES 122 8 LAND MODIFICATIONS 125 APPLICATIONS 125 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 125 WATER DYNAMICS 126 RUNOFF 126 DROUGHT 126 XII CONTENTS FLOODING 127 TEMPERATURES 127 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 127 ECONOMIC MEASURES 128 DESIGN VARIABLES 130 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 130 ABSORPTION HOLES/ INFILTRATION DITCHES 130 INFILTRATION CONTOURS 131 TERRACES 132 STONE 133 EARTHEN 133 PROGRESSIVE 134 PADDIES 134 PONDS 134 GABONS 135 WATERBREAKS 135 CAJETES 136 WATER CHANNELS 137 MOUNDS AND BEDS 137 STONE CLUSTERS 137 ENDNOTES 138 9 CROSS-PLOT INFLUENCES 139 APPLICATIONS 139 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 140 AGROECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES 140 INTERFACE AND SPILLOVER THEORY 141 COST CONTROL 143 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 143 ECONOMIC MEASURES 143 MULTI-PLOT LER 143 DESIGN VARIABLES 144 INTERFACES 144 BUFFER SPECIES 144 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 144 WINDBREAKS 145 ANTI-INSECT BREAKS 146 HABITATS/ CORRIDORS 147 RIPARIAN BUFFERS 147 FIREBREAKS 148 LIVING FENCES 148 ENDNOTES 150 CONTENTS XIII 10 EX-FARM INPUTS 151 APPLICATIONS 151 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 152 YIELD GAINS 152 RISK ABATEMENT 153 CLIMATE 153 INSECTS AND DISEASES 154 ECONOMIC MEASURES 154 MARGINAL GAINS 155 TRUANT INPUTS 155 DESIGN VARIABLES 156 SPOT APPLICATIONS 157 TIMING 157 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 158 IRRIGATION 159 TRAPS 159 ENDNOTES 160 11 MICROBIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 163 APPLICATIONS 163 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 164 YIELD GAINS 165 COST REDUCTIONS 165 RISK ABATEMENT 166 WATER DYNAMICS 166 INSECTS AND PLANT DISEASES 166 TEMPERATURES 166 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 167 ECONOMIC MEASURES 167 DESIGN VARIABLES 167 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 168 COMPOSTING 168 TILLAGE 168 BEEHIVES 168 BIRD AND BATS 169 ENDNOTES 169 12 SINGLE-PLOT DESIGN 171 TASK ORDERING OR LAYERING 171 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS 173 XIV CONTENTS WATER 173 INSECTS 174 WEEDS 174 TEMPERATURES 174 EROSION 175 MULTI-TASKING 175 APPLIED TASKING 175 MARGINAL EFFECTIVENESS 177 IN USE 178 DESIGN ECONOMICS 180 PRINCIPAL-MODE AGROTECHNOLOGIES 181 RATIOS 181 GUIDELINES 181 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 182 ADD-ONS 182 CROSS-HARMONY 182 ECONOMIC ORIENTATION 182 INPUT EFFICIENCY 183 POST-DESIGN SCREENING 184 PROFIT 184 ENVIRONMENT 185 CULTURE 185 ADOPTION 185 CASE STUDIES 185 DIAGNOSIS 186 SUBSTITUTION 187 REDESIGN 188 ENDNOTES 189 13 MULTI-PLOT ANALYSIS 191 PRINCIPAL-MODE AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 192 INTERPLOT COORDINATION 192 REVENUE AND COST ORIENTATION 193 MARGINAL ANALYSIS 194 ECONOMIC SPILLOVER 195 ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY 196 PITFALLS 196 ECONOMIC MEASURES 196 LANDSCAPE LER 197 LANDSCAPE EOR 198 LANDSCAPE-WIDE RISK 198 FARM SPATIAL PATTERNS 199 CONTENTS XV BLOCKS/ CLUSTERS 199 STRIPS 199 GROUPS 201 CENTER PIVOT 201 CIRCULAR 201 SCATTERED 201 BUFFER SPECIES 202 COORDINATED ECOLOGY 203 CULTURAL LANDSCAPES 204 ENDNOTES 205 14 AGROTECHNOLOGICAL EXPANSIONS 207 FEED SYSTEMS 207 SILVOPASTORAL 208 SIMPLE PASTURES 208 TREES OVER PASTURES 208 FORAGE TREES WITH PASTURES 209 FORAGE TREES ALONE 210 AQUA-AGRICULTURE 211 ENTOMO-AGRICULTURE 212 AVIAN AGRICULTURE 212 SEMI-HUSBANDRY 213 SUPPORT SYSTEMS 213 SEASONAL SUPPORT 214 PERENNIAL VINE SUPPORT 214 VINE-OVER-TREE 215 TREE-OVER-VINE 215 VINE WITHIN A CANOPY 215 SUPPLEMENTARY SUPPORT SYSTEMS 215 ROOT SUPPORT 215 RIPARIAN BUFFERS 215 TYPES 216 SIMPLE 216 FINGERED 217 ARM AND HAND 217 DETACHED 217 ECONOMICS 217 COMPLEX AGROECOSYSTEMS 218 NATURAL COMPATIBILITY 219 VARIATIONS 219 HOMEGARDENS 219 SHRUB GARDENS 221 XVI CONTENTS FOREST GARDENS 222 MANAGEMENT 223 ECONOMICS 223 OTHER DIMENSIONS 224 ENDNOTES 224 15 ANALYTICAL REFINEMENTS 227 LER VARIATIONS 227 ROW-BASED LER 228 EVENT-ENUMERATED LER 228 LER PITFALLS 229 CONTINUUMS 229 BEYOND THE PPC 230 SPATIAL CONCERNS 230 SPATIAL THEORY 231 DISARRAY 232 PATTERNED DISARRAY 233 TEMPORAL INCOME GAPS 233 OVERALL RISK 235 MULTI-PARTICIPANT AGROECOSYSTEMS 236 AGROECOLOGICAL MANDATES 237 NATIVE FLORA AND FAUNA 238 ESTHETICS 239 CULTURAL AGROECOLOGY 239 BIOECONOMIC MODELING 241 PARING 242 MULTI-OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS 242 SINGLE EQUATION 243 TIERED ANALYSIS 244 SOLUTIONS 245 SOLUTION THEORY 245 ENDNOTES 246 16 SUMMARY 249 AGRICULTURE AND AGROECOLOGY 250 THE PARADIGM 250 VECTORS 251 POLICY 251 THE AGROTECHNOLOGIES 252 AGROECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS 254 CONTENTS XVII THE AGROTECHNOLOGIES AND THE OUTCOMES 255 RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY 255 PROFITABILITY AND RISK 255 EX-PROFIT VARIABLES 256 MULTI-CRITERION DECISIONS 256 SOLUTIONS 257 STEPS BEYOND 257 CONCLUSION 258 ENDNOTES 259 APPENDIX 261 REFERENCES 269 INDEX 285
adam_txt	AGROECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS SUSTAINABILITY AND BIODIVERSITY PAUL A. WOJTKOWSKI AMSTERDAM * BOSTON * HEIDELBERG * LONDON * NEW YORK * OXFORD PARIS * SAN DIEGO * SAN FRANCISCO * SINGAPORE * SYDNEY * TOKYO ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS IS AN IMPRINT OF ELSEVIER CONTENTS PREFACE XIX ABOUT THE AUTHOR XXI 1 INTRODUCTION 1 ECOLOGY AND AGROECOLOGY 1 A PHILOSOPHICAL POSITIONING 2 AGROECOLOGICAL ABSTRACTIONS 3 TRADITIONAL SUBDIVISIONS 4 THE ECONOMIC SCOPE 5 KEY ABSTRACTIONS 7 MEASUREMENT 8 INTANGIBLES 9 INTUITIVENESS 10 ENDNOTES 10 2 LEAD-UP AGROBIOMONICS 13 ESSENTIAL RESOURCES 13 THE LIMITING RESOURCE 13 NUTRIENT PROFILES 14 AGROECOLOGICAL NICHES 15 GOVERNANCE 15 PLANT-ON-PLANT GOVERNANCE 16 ECOSYSTEM GOVERNANCE 18 ANALYTICAL UNDERPINNINGS 18 BASIC MEASURES 19 LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO 19 PRICE-ADJUSTED LERS 20 COST EQUIVALENT RATIO 21 RVT-ADJUSTED CERS 22 VII VIII CONTENTS ECONOMIC ORIENTATION 22 RISK 24 ENDNOTES 25 3 VECTOR THEORY 27 VECTORS 27 THE BASE 27 AGROECOLOGICAL VECTORS 28 GENETIC IMPROVEMENT 28 VARIETAL 29 MICROBIAL 30 AGROBIODIVERSITY 31 BIODIVERSITY 32 ROTATIONAL 33 CROSS-PLOT 33 V LOCATION 33 PHYSICAL LAND CHANGE 34 EX-FARM INPUTS 34 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 35 ALLYING VECTORS 35 DESIGN 36 DESIGN VARIABLES 36 DESIRABLE AGROECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES 37 AGROTECHNOLOGIES 38 PRINCIPAL MODE 39 AUXILIARY 41 ADD-ONS 41 OBJECTIVES 41 OPTIMIZATION 43 ENDNOTES 43 4 AGROBIODIVERSITY 45 APPLICATIONS 45 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 46 YIELD GAINS 46 COMPETITIVE ACQUISITION (INTERCEPTION GAINS) 47 COMPETITIVE PARTITIONING (CONVERSION GAINS) 48 COST GAINS 49 RISK REDUCTIONS 50 CLIMATE 50 INSECT AND PLANT DISEASES 50 CONTENTS IX RELEVANT GUIDELINES 51 ECONOMIC MEASURES 53 THE PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES CURVE 53 RATIO LINES 53 CURVE DERIVATIONS 53 PRICE-ADJUSTED PPCS 55 DESIGN VARIABLES 55 SPECIES 56 PLANTING DENSITY 56 SPATIAL PATTERN 56 TEMPORAL ADJUSTMENTS 58 DENSITY, DIVERSITY, DISARRAY, AND DURATION 58 THE NON-HARVEST OPTION 59 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 60 MONOCULTURAL VARIATIONS 61 PURE MONOCULTURES 61 VARIETAL/ GENUS MONOCULTURES 61 PRODUCTIVE INTERCROPPING (NON-WOODY) 61 SIMPLE MIXES 62 STRIP CROPPING (SEASONAL) 63 BARRIER OR BOUNDARY 63 COMPLEX AGROECOSYSTEMS (WITHOUT TREES) 64 PRODUCTIVE AGROFORESTRY 65 ISOLATED TREE 65 ALLEY CROPPING (TREEROW) 65 STRIP CROPPING (MIXED TREE) 66 AGROFORESTRY INTERCROPPING 67 SHADE SYSTEMS (LIGHT) 68 AGROFORESTS 68 ENDNOTES 70 5 BIODIVERSITY 73 APPLICATIONS 73 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 73 YIELDS 74 COST REDUCTIONS 75 SUBSTITUTABLE INPUTS 75 DESIRABLE PLANT CHARACTERISTICS 75 CUT-AND-CARRY 76 RISK ABATEMENT 77 RAIN IMPACT 77 CLIMATE 77 CONTENTS INSECTS AND DISEASES 78 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 79 ECONOMIC MEASURES 80 ADJUSTED CER DEMONSTRATED 80 COST FLOORS 80 COST POSSIBILITIES CURVE 81 DESIGN VARIABLES 82 SPECIFIC INTERACTION ZONES 82 SPATIAL PATTERNS 82 TIMING 82 PRUNING 83 WEEDS 84 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 84 PERCEIVED MONOCULTURES 85 FACILITATIVE INTERCROPPING 86 SIMPLE MIXES 86 STRIP CROPPING 87 BOUNDARY 87 COVERCROPS 87 FACILITATIVE AGROFORESTRY 88 PARKLAND 88 PROTECTIVE BARRIER 90 ALLEY CROPPING (HEDGEROW) 90 STRIP CROPPING (MIXED TREE) 92 CROP OVER TREE 92 PHYSICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS 93 SHADE SYSTEMS (HEAVY) 94 ENDNOTES 95 6 TEMPORAL ECONOMICS 97 APPLICATIONS 97 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 98 YIELD GAINS 98 TEMPORAL DPCS 98 FALLOWS 99 COST REDUCTIONS 100 RISK ABATEMENT 101 CLIMATE 101 INSECTS AND DISEASES 101 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 102 ECONOMIC MEASURES 102 SUSTAINABILITY 102 CONTENTS XI ORDERING 103 TEMPORAL PPC 105 NET PRESENT VALUE 105 DESIGN VARIABLES 106 DELAYED SOWING 106 PLANTING 107 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 108 SINGLE OR DISCRETE ROTATIONS 108 SERIES ROTATIONS 109 OVERLAPPING CYCLES 109 TAUNGYAS 110 SIMPLE TAUNGYAS 110 EXTENDED TAUNGYAS 111 MULTI-STAGE TAUNGYAS 112 END-STAGE TAUNGYAS 112 CONTINUAL CROPPING 112 ENDNOTES 113 7 GENETIC, VARIETAL AND LOCATIONAL 115 APPLICATIONS 115 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 117 VARIETAL SELECTION 117 LOCATIONAL SELECTION 118 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 119 ECONOMIC MEASURES 119 DESIGN VARIABLES 119 VARIETAL 120 LOCATIONAL 120 MICRO-LOCATION 121 MACRO-LOCATION 121 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 121 ELEVATION 121 SCATTERING 122 ENDNOTES 122 8 LAND MODIFICATIONS 125 APPLICATIONS 125 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 125 WATER DYNAMICS 126 RUNOFF 126 DROUGHT 126 XII CONTENTS FLOODING 127 TEMPERATURES 127 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 127 ECONOMIC MEASURES 128 DESIGN VARIABLES 130 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 130 ABSORPTION HOLES/ INFILTRATION DITCHES 130 INFILTRATION CONTOURS 131 TERRACES 132 STONE 133 EARTHEN 133 PROGRESSIVE 134 PADDIES 134 PONDS 134 GABONS 135 WATERBREAKS 135 CAJETES 136 WATER CHANNELS 137 MOUNDS AND BEDS 137 STONE CLUSTERS 137 ENDNOTES 138 9 CROSS-PLOT INFLUENCES 139 APPLICATIONS 139 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 140 AGROECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES 140 INTERFACE AND SPILLOVER THEORY 141 COST CONTROL 143 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 143 ECONOMIC MEASURES 143 MULTI-PLOT LER 143 DESIGN VARIABLES 144 INTERFACES 144 BUFFER SPECIES 144 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 144 WINDBREAKS 145 ANTI-INSECT BREAKS 146 HABITATS/ CORRIDORS 147 RIPARIAN BUFFERS 147 FIREBREAKS 148 LIVING FENCES 148 ENDNOTES 150 CONTENTS XIII 10 EX-FARM INPUTS 151 APPLICATIONS 151 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 152 YIELD GAINS 152 RISK ABATEMENT 153 CLIMATE 153 INSECTS AND DISEASES 154 ECONOMIC MEASURES 154 MARGINAL GAINS 155 TRUANT INPUTS 155 DESIGN VARIABLES 156 SPOT APPLICATIONS 157 TIMING 157 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 158 IRRIGATION 159 TRAPS 159 ENDNOTES 160 11 MICROBIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 163 APPLICATIONS 163 UNDERLYING BIODYNAMICS 164 YIELD GAINS 165 COST REDUCTIONS 165 RISK ABATEMENT 166 WATER DYNAMICS 166 INSECTS AND PLANT DISEASES 166 TEMPERATURES 166 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 167 ECONOMIC MEASURES 167 DESIGN VARIABLES 167 ASSOCIATED AGROTECHNOLOGIES 168 COMPOSTING 168 TILLAGE 168 BEEHIVES 168 BIRD AND BATS 169 ENDNOTES 169 12 SINGLE-PLOT DESIGN 171 TASK ORDERING OR LAYERING 171 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS 173 XIV CONTENTS WATER 173 INSECTS 174 WEEDS 174 TEMPERATURES 174 EROSION 175 MULTI-TASKING 175 APPLIED TASKING 175 MARGINAL EFFECTIVENESS 177 IN USE 178 DESIGN ECONOMICS 180 PRINCIPAL-MODE AGROTECHNOLOGIES 181 RATIOS 181 GUIDELINES 181 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 182 ADD-ONS 182 CROSS-HARMONY 182 ECONOMIC ORIENTATION 182 INPUT EFFICIENCY 183 POST-DESIGN SCREENING 184 PROFIT 184 ENVIRONMENT 185 CULTURE 185 ADOPTION 185 CASE STUDIES 185 DIAGNOSIS 186 SUBSTITUTION 187 REDESIGN 188 ENDNOTES 189 13 MULTI-PLOT ANALYSIS 191 PRINCIPAL-MODE AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 192 INTERPLOT COORDINATION 192 REVENUE AND COST ORIENTATION 193 MARGINAL ANALYSIS 194 ECONOMIC SPILLOVER 195 ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY 196 PITFALLS 196 ECONOMIC MEASURES 196 LANDSCAPE LER 197 LANDSCAPE EOR 198 LANDSCAPE-WIDE RISK 198 FARM SPATIAL PATTERNS 199 CONTENTS XV BLOCKS/ CLUSTERS 199 STRIPS 199 GROUPS 201 CENTER PIVOT 201 CIRCULAR 201 SCATTERED 201 BUFFER SPECIES 202 COORDINATED ECOLOGY 203 CULTURAL LANDSCAPES 204 ENDNOTES 205 14 AGROTECHNOLOGICAL EXPANSIONS 207 FEED SYSTEMS 207 SILVOPASTORAL 208 SIMPLE PASTURES 208 TREES OVER PASTURES 208 FORAGE TREES WITH PASTURES 209 FORAGE TREES ALONE 210 AQUA-AGRICULTURE 211 ENTOMO-AGRICULTURE 212 AVIAN AGRICULTURE 212 SEMI-HUSBANDRY 213 SUPPORT SYSTEMS 213 SEASONAL SUPPORT 214 PERENNIAL VINE SUPPORT 214 VINE-OVER-TREE 215 TREE-OVER-VINE 215 VINE WITHIN A CANOPY 215 SUPPLEMENTARY SUPPORT SYSTEMS 215 ROOT SUPPORT 215 RIPARIAN BUFFERS 215 TYPES 216 SIMPLE 216 FINGERED 217 ARM AND HAND 217 DETACHED 217 ECONOMICS 217 COMPLEX AGROECOSYSTEMS 218 NATURAL COMPATIBILITY 219 VARIATIONS 219 HOMEGARDENS 219 SHRUB GARDENS 221 XVI CONTENTS FOREST GARDENS 222 MANAGEMENT 223 ECONOMICS 223 OTHER DIMENSIONS 224 ENDNOTES 224 15 ANALYTICAL REFINEMENTS 227 LER VARIATIONS 227 ROW-BASED LER 228 EVENT-ENUMERATED LER 228 LER PITFALLS 229 CONTINUUMS 229 BEYOND THE PPC 230 SPATIAL CONCERNS 230 SPATIAL THEORY 231 DISARRAY 232 PATTERNED DISARRAY 233 TEMPORAL INCOME GAPS 233 OVERALL RISK 235 MULTI-PARTICIPANT AGROECOSYSTEMS 236 AGROECOLOGICAL MANDATES 237 NATIVE FLORA AND FAUNA 238 ESTHETICS 239 CULTURAL AGROECOLOGY 239 BIOECONOMIC MODELING 241 PARING 242 MULTI-OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS 242 SINGLE EQUATION 243 TIERED ANALYSIS 244 SOLUTIONS 245 SOLUTION THEORY 245 ENDNOTES 246 16 SUMMARY 249 AGRICULTURE AND AGROECOLOGY 250 THE PARADIGM 250 VECTORS 251 POLICY 251 THE AGROTECHNOLOGIES 252 AGROECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS 254 CONTENTS XVII THE AGROTECHNOLOGIES AND THE OUTCOMES 255 RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY 255 PROFITABILITY AND RISK 255 EX-PROFIT VARIABLES 256 MULTI-CRITERION DECISIONS 256 SOLUTIONS 257 STEPS BEYOND 257 CONCLUSION 258 ENDNOTES 259 APPENDIX 261 REFERENCES 269 INDEX 285
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illustrated	Illustrated
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isbn	0123741173 9780123741172
language	English
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spelling	Wojtkowski, Paul Anthony 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)13235103X aut Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity Paul A. Wojtkowski 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Acad. Press 2008 XXI, 293 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 23cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Landwirtschaft Umwelt Agricultural ecology Economic aspects Agricultural ecology Methodology Agriculture Economic aspects Agriculture Environmental aspects Agrarökonomie (DE-588)4704302-7 gnd rswk-swf Agrarökologie (DE-588)4000769-8 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Agrarökonomie (DE-588)4704302-7 s Agrarökologie (DE-588)4000769-8 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s DE-604 Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 s Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s 2\p DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016735108&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
spellingShingle	Wojtkowski, Paul Anthony 1947- Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity Landwirtschaft Umwelt Agricultural ecology Economic aspects Agricultural ecology Methodology Agriculture Economic aspects Agriculture Environmental aspects Agrarökonomie (DE-588)4704302-7 gnd Agrarökologie (DE-588)4000769-8 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4704302-7 (DE-588)4000769-8 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4136995-6 (DE-588)4601495-0 (DE-588)4143413-4
title	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity
title_auth	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity
title_exact_search	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity
title_exact_search_txtP	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity
title_full	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity Paul A. Wojtkowski
title_fullStr	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity Paul A. Wojtkowski
title_full_unstemmed	Agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity Paul A. Wojtkowski
title_short	Agroecological economics
title_sort	agroecological economics sustainability and biodiversity
title_sub	sustainability and biodiversity
topic	Landwirtschaft Umwelt Agricultural ecology Economic aspects Agricultural ecology Methodology Agriculture Economic aspects Agriculture Environmental aspects Agrarökonomie (DE-588)4704302-7 gnd Agrarökologie (DE-588)4000769-8 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd
topic_facet	Landwirtschaft Umwelt Agricultural ecology Economic aspects Agricultural ecology Methodology Agriculture Economic aspects Agriculture Environmental aspects Agrarökonomie Agrarökologie Nachhaltigkeit Agrarökosystem Biodiversität Aufsatzsammlung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016735108&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT wojtkowskipaulanthony agroecologicaleconomicssustainabilityandbiodiversity

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