Holdings: From bulk to nano :: THWS Bibkatalog

From bulk to nano: the many sides of magnetism

This text addresses the relationship between apparently unconnected topics in magnetism. Less obvious relationships are revealed among individual fields on various scales, making them better understandable.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Stefanita, Carmen-Gabriela (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008
Series:	Springer series in materials science 117
Subjects:	Bulk solids > Magnetic properties Magnetism Nanostructured materials > Magnetic properties Magnetismus
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Summary:	This text addresses the relationship between apparently unconnected topics in magnetism. Less obvious relationships are revealed among individual fields on various scales, making them better understandable.
Physical Description:	XX, 171 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9783540705475

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adam_text	CARMEN-GABRIELA STEFANITA FROM BULK TO NANO THE MANY SIDES OF MAGNETISM WITH 53 FIGURES 4Y SPRINGER CONTENTS SYMBOLS XVII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 REVIEW OF CERTAIN HISTORIC MAGNETIC CONCEPTS 2 1.1.1 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 2 1.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 3 1.1.3 THE CONCEPT OF MAGNETIC POLE 5 1.1.4 MAGNETIC DIPOLES 6 1.2 ORIGINS OF MAGNETISM ON AN ATOMIC SCALE 6 1.2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM 7 1.2.2 MAGNETIC MOMENT OF A SAMPLE OF N ATOMS 8 1.2.3 CRYSTAL FIELD VS. SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING 9 1.2.4 MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY 10 1.2.5 MAGNETOSTRICTION 10 1.3 STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT MICROMAGNETISM , 11 1.3.1 DIVISION INTO MAGNETIC DOMAINS 12 1.3.2 FORMATION OF DOMAIN WALLS 12 1.3.3 TYPES OF DOMAIN WALLS 13 1.3.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF MAGNETIC DOMAINS AND DOMAIN WALLS . . 14 1.4 TOWARDS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS 15 1.4.1 DESIGN OF NEW MAGNETIC MATERIALS 15 1.4.2 MAGNETIC QUANTUM DOTS 15 REFERENCES 16 2 BARKHAUSEN NOISE AS A MAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUE 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION , 19 2.2 A BASIC DEFINITION OF MAGNETIC BARKHAUSEN NOISE 20 2.2.1 TYPES OF MBN EXPERIMENTS 20 2.2.2 WHERE DOES MBN ORIGINATE? 21 2.2.3 FORMATION OF MAGNETIC DOMAINS 22 2.2.4 MBN AND 180 DOMAIN WALLS 23 XII CONTENTS 2.3 STRESS EFFECTS 24 2.3.1 ELASTIC STRESS CAUSES CHANGES IN BULK MAGNETIZATION .. 24 2.3.2 MAGNETIC DOMAINS RESPOND TO STRESS 24 2.3.3 MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY AND MBN 25 2.3.4 SOME PARAMETERS USED IN MBN ANALYSIS 25 2.3.5 ELASTIC STRESS INFLUENCES ON MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 27 2.3.6 PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 27 2.3.7 EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL STRESSES 28 2.3.8 INFLUENCE OF DISLOCATIONS 30 2.3.9 SELECTIVE WALL ENERGY INCREASES AT PINNING SITES 30 2.3.10 ROLL MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 31 2.3.11 LIMITS IN MBN SIGNAL INCREASETWITH PLASTIC STRESS 32 2.4 EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON MBN 33 2.4.1 VARIATIONS IN GRAIN SIZE 33 2.4.2 COMPOSITIONAL AND PHASE INFLUENCES 34 2.4.3 MBN BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT MATERIALS 34 2.5 COMPETITIVENESS OF MBN IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION 36 2.5.1 USEFULNESS OF MBN FOR MFL 36 2.5.2 NEED FOR CALIBRATION OF MBN AS NDT 37 REFERENCES 38 3 COMBINED PHENOMENA IN NOVEL MATERIALS 41 3.1 THE INTEREST IN MAGNETO-OPTICAL MEDIA 41 3.1.1 CONVENTIONAL VS. CONTINUOUS MEDIA 42 3.1.2 THE BASIS OF MAGNETO-OPTICAL EFFECTS 43 3.1.3 COMPOSITE FILMS USED IN MAGNETO-OPTICAL RECORDING .. 43 3.1.4 MAGNETIC RECORDING AND OPTICAL READOUT 44 3.1.5 QUALITY OF MAGNETIC RECORDING 44 3.1.6 OVERCOMING NOISE PROBLEMS 45 3.1.7 THE MO SONY DISK 46 3.1.8 MAGNETICALLY INDUCED SUPER RESOLUTION 47 3.1.9 NONDESTRUCTIVE OPTICAL READOUT 47 3.1.10 DOUBLE AND MULTILAYER MO DISKS 48 3.1.11 DOMAIN WALL DISPLACEMENT DETECTION 49 3.1.12 MAGNETIC BUBBLE DOMAINS 50 3.1.13 GENERATION OF A BUBBLE BIT OF MEMORY 50 3.1.14 DRIVING FORCE FOR WALL DISPLACEMENT 50 3.2 MAGNETOELECTRIC MATERIALS . 51 3.2.1 THE MAGNETOELECTRIC EFFECT 51 3.2.2 OXIDES, BORACITES, PHOSPHATES, ETC 52 3.2.3 LAYERED COMPOSITE MATERIALS 52 3.2.4 PRODUCT, SUM AND COMBINATION PROPERTIES 53 3.2.5 PZT AND MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS 53 3.2.6 AVOIDING FERRITES 54 3.2.7 UNDESIRED EFFECTS OF SINTERING 54 CONTENTS XIII 3.2.8 VARIATIONS IN SIGNAL DUE TO MECHANICAL COUPLING 55 3.2.9 LAMINATED COMPOSITES 55 3.2.10 VOLTAGE COEFFICIENT A 56 3.2.11 OBTAINING IMPROVED VOLTAGE COEFFICIENTS 57 3.2.12 ME AND NANOSTRUCTURES 57 3.2.13 EFFECTS ON A NANOSCALE 58 3.2.14 RESIDUAL STRESSES AND STRAINS IN NANOSTRUCTURES 60 3.2.15 MULTIFERROICS 61 3.2.16 USING TERFENOL-D 61 3.2.17 MULTIFERROIC TRANSFORMERS 61 3.2.18 MULTIFERROIC SENSORS FOR VORTEX MAGNETIC FIELDS 63 3.2.19 ENHANCING MULTIFERROICITY THROUGH MATERIAL DESIGN .... 63 3.2.20 IDENTIFYING MULTIFERROICS 64 REFERENCES . 64 MAGNETORESISTANCE AND SPIN VALVES 7 1 4.1 INTRODUCTION 71 4.2 A SIMPLE WAY OF QUANTIFYING MAGNETORESISTANCE 72 4.3 WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GMR? 72 4.4 DESKSTAR 16 GP 73 4.5 SPIN-DOWN VS. SPIN-UP SCATTERING: MAGNETIC IMPURITIES ... 73 4.6 FABRICATION OF GMR MULTILAYERS: THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES 74 4.7 SPIN VALVES 75 4.8 THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE BIAS 75 4.9 NI-FE ALLOYS 76 4.10 TERNARY ALLOYS 77 4.11 NI-FE ALLOYS WITH HIGHER FE CONTENT 77 4.12 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STORING INFORMATION MAGNETICALLY 78 4.13 MATERIALS FOR SPIN VALVE SENSORS 80 4.14 THE NEED FOR PROPER SENSOR DESIGN 81 4.15 MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 82 4.16 ANISOTROPIC MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSORS 82 4.17 EXTRAORDINARY MAGNETORESISTANCE 83 4.18 GMR SENSORS WITH CPP GEOMETRY 83 4.19 DUAL SPIN VALVES 84 4.20 SOME GMR MULTILAYER MATERIAL COMBINATIONS 85 4.21 FERROMAGNETIC/NONMAGNETIC INTERFACES 86 4.22 THE NONMAGNETIC SPACER .. 86 4.23 MAGNETIC TUNNELING 87 4.24 THE MAGNETIC TUNNEL TRANSISTOR 87 4.25 SOME SPECIAL TYPES OF FERROMAGNETS 88 4.26 COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE 89 4.27 CPP GEOMETRY PREFERRED IN SENSORS 90 4.28 SPIN VALVES IN COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 91 REFERENCES 93 XIV CONTENTS 5 SOME BASIC SPINTRONICS CONCEPTS 99 5.1 ENCODING INFORMATION: EMERGENCE OF SPINTRONICS 99 5.2 SPIN INJECTION 100 5.2.1 MINORITY VS. MAJORITY SPIN CARRIERS 100 5.2.2 SPIN INJECTION RATE 100 5.2.3 SPIN POLARIZATION AND SPIN TRANSFER 101 5.2.4 CPP VS. CIP GEOMETRY 102 5.2.5 SPIN ACCUMULATION, SPIN RELAXATION, AND SPIN DIFFUSION LENGTH 103 5.2.6 NO SPIN ACCUMULATION IN CIP GEOMETRY 103 5.2.7 HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS 104 5.2.8 SOME EPITAXIAL GROWTH TECHNIQUES 104 5.2.9 ME MATERIALS AND SPINTRONICS. . . . S._ 105 5.2.10 SPONTANEOUS BAND SPLITTING 106 5.2.11 SPIN VALVES 106 5.2.12 POOR INJECTION EFFICIENCY 107 5.2.13 ADDITIONAL LAYER BETWEEN FERROMAGNET AND SPACER .... 107 5.2.14 III-V MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS 107 5.2.15 OBTAINING SPIN-POLARIZED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS .... 108 5.2.16 LIGHT VS. ELECTRIC-FIELD-INDUCED CARRIER ENHANCEMENT. . 108 5.2.17 GIANT PLANAR HALL EFFECT 109 5.2.18 MAINTAINING SPIN POLARIZATION 109 5.2.19 THE FUTURE OF SPIN INJECTION ILL 5.3 CONTROL OF SPIN TRANSPORT ILL 5.3.1 THE NEED FOR LONG SPIN RELAXATION TIMES ILL 5.3.2 ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR SPACERS 112 5.3.3 SPIN TRANSPORT IN ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR SPIN VALVES . 113 5.3.4 NANOSCALE EFFECTS AT FERROMAGNET/ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE 113 5.3.5 CARBON NANOTUBES 114 5.3.6 GMR VS. TMR 114 5.3.7 THE PARALLEL RESISTOR MODEL 116 5.3.8 EFFECTS AT ADJACENT INTERFACES IN GMR 116 5.3.9 SCATTERING AT BLOCH WALLS 117 5.3.10 IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS .CHOICE 118 5.3.11 SPIN CONTROL THROUGH ELECTRIC FIELDS 118 5.4 SPIN SELECTIVE DETECTION 119 5.4.1 DETECTING SINGLE SPINS , 119 5.4.2 DETECTING SPIN POLARIZATION OF AN ENSEMBLE OF SPINS . . . 119 5.4.3 THE DATTA AND DAS SPIN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR 121 5.4.4 THE FUTURE OF SPINTRONICS DEVICES 121 REFERENCES 121 CONTENTS XV 6 TRENDS IN MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIA 129 6.1 THE POPULARITY OF MAGNETIC TAPES 129 6.1.1 QUALITY OF MAGNETIC TAPES 130 6.1.2 THE PRESSURE FOR HIGHER CAPACITY MAGNETIC TAPES 131 6.1.3 CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY THERMAL STABILITY 131 6.1.4 FORMING A BIT 132 6.1.5 INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 133 6.1.6 CHOICE OF MATERIALS 133 6.2 BIT PATTERNED MAGNETIC MEDIA 134 6.2.1 BIT-CELLS 134 6.2.2 MINIMIZING ERRORS 135 6.2.3 SOME DISADVANTAGES OF PATTERNED^BITS 136 6.2.4 SOLUTIONS FOR PATTERNING BITS EFFICIENTLY 136 6.2.5 MATERIALS FOR BIT PATTERNED MAGNETIC MEDIA 137 6.2.6 MAINTAINING COMPETITIVENESS 138 6.2.7 GOING NANO AND BEYOND 138 6.3 SELF-ASSEMBLY AND MAGNETIC MEDIA * 139 6.3.1 ALUMINA TEMPLATES 139 6.3.2 GUIDED SELF-ASSEMBLY AS A SOLUTION TO LONG-RANGE ORDERING 142 6.3.3 CHEMICALLY VS. TOPOGRAPHICALLY GUIDED SELF-ASSEMBLY . . 144 6.3.4 BIOLOGICAL SELF-ASSEMBLED TEMPLATES 144 6.3.5 THE VERSATILITY OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS 144 6.3.6 INORGANIC TEMPLATES MAY STILL BE COMPETITIVE 145 6.4 PRESENT ALTERNATIVES FOR DISCRETE MEDIA PRODUCTION 145 6.4.1 PATTERNING WITH STAMPERS AND MASKS 145 6.4.2 CLEANLINESS CONCERNS 146 6.4.3 OBTAINING HIGH ASPECT RATIOS 147 6.4.4 TYPES OF NANOPATTERNING PROCESSES 147 6.4.5 EMERGING FABRICATION TECHNIQUES 148 6.4.6 DISCRETE TRACK MEDIA 149 6.4.7 IDENTIFYING TRACK LOCATIONS 149 6.4.8 PARALLEL WRITING OF DATA 150 6.4.9 MAGNETIC LITHOGRAPHY FOR MASS DATA REPLICATION 150 6.4.10 MAGNETIC DISK DRIVES VS. SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING. . . . 151 6.4.11 HEAD PERFORMANCE , 151 6.4.12 SPIN VALVES AND GIANT MAGNETORESISTIVE HEADS 152 6.4.13 LOOKING BACK AND INTO THE FUTURE 152 REFERENCES 153 7 CONCLUDING REMARKS , 161 REFERENCE 161 INDEX 163
adam_txt	CARMEN-GABRIELA STEFANITA FROM BULK TO NANO THE MANY SIDES OF MAGNETISM WITH 53 FIGURES 4Y SPRINGER CONTENTS SYMBOLS XVII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 REVIEW OF CERTAIN HISTORIC MAGNETIC CONCEPTS 2 1.1.1 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 2 1.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 3 1.1.3 THE CONCEPT OF MAGNETIC POLE 5 1.1.4 MAGNETIC DIPOLES 6 1.2 ORIGINS OF MAGNETISM ON AN ATOMIC SCALE 6 1.2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM 7 1.2.2 MAGNETIC MOMENT OF A SAMPLE OF N ATOMS 8 1.2.3 CRYSTAL FIELD VS. SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING 9 1.2.4 MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY 10 1.2.5 MAGNETOSTRICTION 10 1.3 STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT MICROMAGNETISM , 11 1.3.1 DIVISION INTO MAGNETIC DOMAINS 12 1.3.2 FORMATION OF DOMAIN WALLS 12 1.3.3 TYPES OF DOMAIN WALLS 13 1.3.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF MAGNETIC DOMAINS AND DOMAIN WALLS . . 14 1.4 TOWARDS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS 15 1.4.1 DESIGN OF NEW MAGNETIC MATERIALS 15 1.4.2 MAGNETIC QUANTUM DOTS 15 REFERENCES 16 2 BARKHAUSEN NOISE AS A MAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUE 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION , 19 2.2 A BASIC DEFINITION OF MAGNETIC BARKHAUSEN NOISE 20 2.2.1 TYPES OF MBN EXPERIMENTS 20 2.2.2 WHERE DOES MBN ORIGINATE? 21 2.2.3 FORMATION OF MAGNETIC DOMAINS 22 2.2.4 MBN AND 180 DOMAIN WALLS 23 XII CONTENTS 2.3 STRESS EFFECTS 24 2.3.1 ELASTIC STRESS CAUSES CHANGES IN BULK MAGNETIZATION . 24 2.3.2 MAGNETIC DOMAINS RESPOND TO STRESS 24 2.3.3 MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY AND MBN 25 2.3.4 SOME PARAMETERS USED IN MBN ANALYSIS 25 2.3.5 ELASTIC STRESS INFLUENCES ON MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 27 2.3.6 PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 27 2.3.7 EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL STRESSES 28 2.3.8 INFLUENCE OF DISLOCATIONS 30 2.3.9 SELECTIVE WALL ENERGY INCREASES AT PINNING SITES 30 2.3.10 ROLL MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 31 2.3.11 LIMITS IN MBN SIGNAL INCREASETWITH PLASTIC STRESS 32 2.4 EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON MBN 33 2.4.1 VARIATIONS IN GRAIN SIZE 33 2.4.2 COMPOSITIONAL AND PHASE INFLUENCES 34 2.4.3 MBN BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT MATERIALS 34 2.5 COMPETITIVENESS OF MBN IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION 36 2.5.1 USEFULNESS OF MBN FOR MFL 36 2.5.2 NEED FOR CALIBRATION OF MBN AS NDT 37 REFERENCES 38 3 COMBINED PHENOMENA IN NOVEL MATERIALS 41 3.1 THE INTEREST IN MAGNETO-OPTICAL MEDIA 41 3.1.1 CONVENTIONAL VS. CONTINUOUS MEDIA 42 3.1.2 THE BASIS OF MAGNETO-OPTICAL EFFECTS 43 3.1.3 COMPOSITE FILMS USED IN MAGNETO-OPTICAL RECORDING . 43 3.1.4 MAGNETIC RECORDING AND OPTICAL READOUT 44 3.1.5 QUALITY OF MAGNETIC RECORDING 44 3.1.6 OVERCOMING NOISE PROBLEMS 45 3.1.7 THE MO SONY DISK 46 3.1.8 MAGNETICALLY INDUCED SUPER RESOLUTION 47 3.1.9 NONDESTRUCTIVE OPTICAL READOUT 47 3.1.10 DOUBLE AND MULTILAYER MO DISKS 48 3.1.11 DOMAIN WALL DISPLACEMENT DETECTION 49 3.1.12 MAGNETIC BUBBLE DOMAINS 50 3.1.13 GENERATION OF A BUBBLE BIT OF MEMORY 50 3.1.14 DRIVING FORCE FOR WALL DISPLACEMENT 50 3.2 MAGNETOELECTRIC MATERIALS '. 51 3.2.1 THE MAGNETOELECTRIC EFFECT 51 3.2.2 OXIDES, BORACITES, PHOSPHATES, ETC 52 3.2.3 LAYERED COMPOSITE MATERIALS 52 3.2.4 PRODUCT, SUM AND COMBINATION PROPERTIES 53 3.2.5 PZT AND MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS 53 3.2.6 AVOIDING FERRITES 54 3.2.7 UNDESIRED EFFECTS OF SINTERING 54 CONTENTS XIII 3.2.8 VARIATIONS IN SIGNAL DUE TO MECHANICAL COUPLING 55 3.2.9 LAMINATED COMPOSITES 55 3.2.10 VOLTAGE COEFFICIENT A 56 3.2.11 OBTAINING IMPROVED VOLTAGE COEFFICIENTS 57 3.2.12 ME AND NANOSTRUCTURES 57 3.2.13 EFFECTS ON A NANOSCALE 58 3.2.14 RESIDUAL STRESSES AND STRAINS IN NANOSTRUCTURES 60 3.2.15 MULTIFERROICS 61 3.2.16 USING TERFENOL-D 61 3.2.17 MULTIFERROIC TRANSFORMERS 61 3.2.18 MULTIFERROIC SENSORS FOR VORTEX MAGNETIC FIELDS 63 3.2.19 ENHANCING MULTIFERROICITY THROUGH MATERIAL DESIGN . 63 3.2.20 IDENTIFYING MULTIFERROICS 64 REFERENCES \. 64 MAGNETORESISTANCE AND SPIN VALVES 7 1 4.1 INTRODUCTION 71 4.2 A SIMPLE WAY OF QUANTIFYING MAGNETORESISTANCE 72 4.3 WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GMR? 72 4.4 DESKSTAR 16 GP 73 4.5 "SPIN-DOWN" VS. "SPIN-UP" SCATTERING: MAGNETIC IMPURITIES . 73 4.6 FABRICATION OF GMR MULTILAYERS: THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES 74 4.7 SPIN VALVES 75 4.8 THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE BIAS 75 4.9 NI-FE ALLOYS 76 4.10 TERNARY ALLOYS 77 4.11 NI-FE ALLOYS WITH HIGHER FE CONTENT 77 4.12 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STORING INFORMATION MAGNETICALLY 78 4.13 MATERIALS FOR SPIN VALVE SENSORS 80 4.14 THE NEED FOR PROPER SENSOR DESIGN 81 4.15 MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 82 4.16 ANISOTROPIC MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSORS 82 4.17 EXTRAORDINARY MAGNETORESISTANCE 83 4.18 GMR SENSORS WITH CPP GEOMETRY 83 4.19 DUAL SPIN VALVES 84 4.20 SOME GMR MULTILAYER MATERIAL COMBINATIONS 85 4.21 FERROMAGNETIC/NONMAGNETIC INTERFACES 86 4.22 THE NONMAGNETIC SPACER .' 86 4.23 MAGNETIC TUNNELING 87 4.24 THE MAGNETIC TUNNEL TRANSISTOR 87 4.25 SOME SPECIAL TYPES OF FERROMAGNETS 88 4.26 COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE' 89 4.27 CPP GEOMETRY PREFERRED IN SENSORS 90 4.28 SPIN VALVES IN COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 91 REFERENCES 93 XIV CONTENTS 5 SOME BASIC SPINTRONICS CONCEPTS 99 5.1 ENCODING INFORMATION: EMERGENCE OF SPINTRONICS 99 5.2 SPIN INJECTION 100 5.2.1 MINORITY VS. MAJORITY SPIN CARRIERS 100 5.2.2 SPIN INJECTION RATE 100 5.2.3 SPIN POLARIZATION AND SPIN TRANSFER 101 5.2.4 CPP VS. CIP GEOMETRY 102 5.2.5 SPIN ACCUMULATION, SPIN RELAXATION, AND SPIN DIFFUSION LENGTH 103 5.2.6 NO SPIN ACCUMULATION IN CIP GEOMETRY 103 5.2.7 HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS 104 5.2.8 SOME EPITAXIAL GROWTH TECHNIQUES 104 5.2.9 ME MATERIALS AND SPINTRONICS. . . . S._ 105 5.2.10 SPONTANEOUS BAND SPLITTING 106 5.2.11 SPIN VALVES 106 5.2.12 POOR INJECTION EFFICIENCY 107 5.2.13 ADDITIONAL LAYER BETWEEN FERROMAGNET AND SPACER . 107 5.2.14 III-V MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS 107 5.2.15 OBTAINING SPIN-POLARIZED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS . 108 5.2.16 LIGHT VS. ELECTRIC-FIELD-INDUCED CARRIER ENHANCEMENT. . 108 5.2.17 GIANT PLANAR HALL EFFECT 109 5.2.18 MAINTAINING SPIN POLARIZATION 109 5.2.19 THE FUTURE OF SPIN INJECTION ILL 5.3 CONTROL OF SPIN TRANSPORT ILL 5.3.1 THE NEED FOR LONG SPIN RELAXATION TIMES ILL 5.3.2 ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR SPACERS 112 5.3.3 SPIN TRANSPORT IN ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR SPIN VALVES . 113 5.3.4 NANOSCALE EFFECTS AT FERROMAGNET/ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE 113 5.3.5 CARBON NANOTUBES 114 5.3.6 GMR VS. TMR 114 5.3.7 THE PARALLEL RESISTOR MODEL 116 5.3.8 EFFECTS AT ADJACENT INTERFACES IN GMR 116 5.3.9 SCATTERING AT BLOCH WALLS 117 5.3.10 IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS .CHOICE 118 5.3.11 SPIN CONTROL THROUGH ELECTRIC FIELDS 118 5.4 SPIN SELECTIVE DETECTION 119 5.4.1 DETECTING SINGLE SPINS' , 119 5.4.2 DETECTING SPIN POLARIZATION OF AN ENSEMBLE OF SPINS . . . 119 5.4.3 THE DATTA AND DAS SPIN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR 121 5.4.4 THE FUTURE OF SPINTRONICS DEVICES 121 REFERENCES ' 121 CONTENTS XV 6 TRENDS IN MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIA 129 6.1 THE POPULARITY OF MAGNETIC TAPES 129 6.1.1 QUALITY OF MAGNETIC TAPES 130 6.1.2 THE PRESSURE FOR HIGHER CAPACITY MAGNETIC TAPES 131 6.1.3 CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY THERMAL STABILITY 131 6.1.4 FORMING A BIT 132 6.1.5 INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY 133 6.1.6 CHOICE OF MATERIALS 133 6.2 BIT PATTERNED MAGNETIC MEDIA 134 6.2.1 BIT-CELLS 134 6.2.2 MINIMIZING ERRORS 135 6.2.3 SOME DISADVANTAGES OF PATTERNED^BITS 136 6.2.4 SOLUTIONS FOR PATTERNING BITS EFFICIENTLY 136 6.2.5 MATERIALS FOR BIT PATTERNED MAGNETIC MEDIA 137 6.2.6 MAINTAINING COMPETITIVENESS 138 6.2.7 GOING NANO AND BEYOND 138 6.3 SELF-ASSEMBLY AND MAGNETIC MEDIA * 139 6.3.1 ALUMINA TEMPLATES 139 6.3.2 GUIDED SELF-ASSEMBLY AS A SOLUTION TO LONG-RANGE ORDERING 142 6.3.3 CHEMICALLY VS. TOPOGRAPHICALLY GUIDED SELF-ASSEMBLY . . 144 6.3.4 BIOLOGICAL SELF-ASSEMBLED TEMPLATES 144 6.3.5 THE VERSATILITY OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS 144 6.3.6 INORGANIC TEMPLATES MAY STILL BE COMPETITIVE 145 6.4 PRESENT ALTERNATIVES FOR DISCRETE MEDIA PRODUCTION 145 6.4.1 PATTERNING WITH STAMPERS AND MASKS 145 6.4.2 CLEANLINESS CONCERNS 146 6.4.3 OBTAINING HIGH ASPECT RATIOS 147 6.4.4 TYPES OF NANOPATTERNING PROCESSES 147 6.4.5 EMERGING FABRICATION TECHNIQUES 148 6.4.6 DISCRETE TRACK MEDIA 149 6.4.7 IDENTIFYING TRACK LOCATIONS 149 6.4.8 PARALLEL WRITING OF DATA 150 6.4.9 MAGNETIC LITHOGRAPHY FOR MASS DATA REPLICATION 150 6.4.10 MAGNETIC DISK DRIVES VS. SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING. . . . 151 6.4.11 HEAD PERFORMANCE , 151 6.4.12 SPIN VALVES AND GIANT MAGNETORESISTIVE HEADS 152 6.4.13 LOOKING BACK AND INTO THE FUTURE 152 REFERENCES 153 7 CONCLUDING REMARKS , 161 REFERENCE 161 INDEX 163
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id	DE-604.BV035028867
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T21:49:05Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:20:34Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9783540705475
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016697875
oclc_num	233788996
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-20 DE-703 DE-634 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR
owner_facet	DE-20 DE-703 DE-634 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR
physical	XX, 171 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2008
publishDateSearch	2008
publishDateSort	2008
publisher	Springer
record_format	marc
series	Springer series in materials science
series2	Springer series in materials science
spelling	Stefanita, Carmen-Gabriela Verfasser aut From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism Carmen-Gabriela Stefanita Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008 XX, 171 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series in materials science 117 This text addresses the relationship between apparently unconnected topics in magnetism. Less obvious relationships are revealed among individual fields on various scales, making them better understandable. Bulk solids Magnetic properties Magnetism Nanostructured materials Magnetic properties Magnetismus (DE-588)4037021-5 gnd rswk-swf Magnetismus (DE-588)4037021-5 s DE-604 Springer series in materials science 117 (DE-604)BV000683335 117 HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016697875&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Stefanita, Carmen-Gabriela From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism Springer series in materials science Bulk solids Magnetic properties Magnetism Nanostructured materials Magnetic properties Magnetismus (DE-588)4037021-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4037021-5
title	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism
title_auth	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism
title_exact_search	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism
title_exact_search_txtP	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism
title_full	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism Carmen-Gabriela Stefanita
title_fullStr	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism Carmen-Gabriela Stefanita
title_full_unstemmed	From bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism Carmen-Gabriela Stefanita
title_short	From bulk to nano
title_sort	from bulk to nano the many sides of magnetism
title_sub	the many sides of magnetism
topic	Bulk solids Magnetic properties Magnetism Nanostructured materials Magnetic properties Magnetismus (DE-588)4037021-5 gnd
topic_facet	Bulk solids Magnetic properties Magnetism Nanostructured materials Magnetic properties Magnetismus
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016697875&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV000683335
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefanitacarmengabriela frombulktonanothemanysidesofmagnetism

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