Treaty interpretation:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford Uni. Press
2008
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Oxford international law library
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIX, 407 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199277919 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137949532520448 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword by Sir Michael Wood
xiii
Preface
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
Note on Citations
xxi
Table of Cases
xxiii
Table of Treaties and Legislation
xxx
і
PART I. OVERVIEW, HISTORY, MATERIALS,
AND DRAMATIS
PERSONAE
The Vienna Rules
3
1.
A Single Set of Rules of Interpretation
5
1.
Introduction
5
1.1
Guide to analytical approach
9
2.
Applicability of the Vienna Rules Generally
12
2.1
History of recognition by the ICJ of the Vienna rules
13
2.2
Express endorsement of the Vienna rules by the ICJ
15
2.3
Endorsement of the Vienna rules by other international courts
and tribunals
17
2.4
Endorsement of the Vienna rules by national courts
18
3.
Definitions and Key Concepts
19
3.1
Treaty
20
3.2
Party, signatory, etc
22
3.3
Treaty relations
23
3.4
Preparatory work
24
3.5
Intertemporal
law
25
3.6
Interpretation and application
26
4.
The Process of Interpretation and the Nature of the Rules
29
4.1
The process of interpretation and the principle
of autonomous interpretation
29
4.2
Ageneral rule and mles ofinterpretation
33
4.3
Are the Vienna rules rules ?
36
5.
Four Examples
38
5.1
Interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights
—
a typical
approach
39
5.2
An interpretation by an arbitral tribunal of the International
Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
(ICSID)-
—
interpretation and application
41
5.3
Interpretation within a national legal system
—
contrasting
application of Vienna rules and domestic precedent
45
5.4
Interpretation within a national legal system
—
increasing awareness
of the Vienna rules in courts in the UK
48
2.
Development of Rules of Interpretation
51
1.
Introduction
51
2.
Treaty Interpretation in the Greco-Roman Era
54
3.
Grotius, Pufendorf, Vattel, and Canons of Interpretation
55
4.
The Harvard Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties
56
5.
The Permanent Court of International Justice
59
6.
Restrictive Interpretation and Effectiveness
60
7. Institut de
Droit
International
62
8.
The Practice of the International Court of Justice
Before the Vienna Convention
63
9.
The New Haven School and World Public Order
65
10.
The Work of the International Law Commission
and the Vienna Conference
69
3.
Interpretative Material Generated in Making Treaties
74
1.
Introduction
7
A
2.
Making Treaties
75
2.1
Who initiates and negotiates treaties?
75
2.2
Negotiating and drawing up a treaty
75
2.2.1
Negotiation and full powers
76
2.3
Adoption and authentication of a treaty text
77
2.4
Concluded and other instruments
78
2.4.1
Final acts and protocols
79
2.4.2
Distinguishing treatiesfrom other instruments
80
3.
Statements or Declarations by States Affecting Interpretation
of Treaties
84
3.1
Reservations
84
3.2
Interpretative declarations
86
3.3
Differentiating between reservations and interpretative
declarations
87
3.4
Wrinkles in the distinction
87
3.5
Confusing terminology
88
3.6
Significance of how the maker characterizes a statement
or declaration
89
3.7
Conditional declarations
90
3.8
Other declarations
91
3.9
Statements in response to declarations
92
3.10
Effects of responses to interpretative declarations
93
3.11
Effects of interpretative declarations
94
3.12
Decisions of courts and tribunals on interpretative declarations
95
3.13
Conclusion on interpretative declarations
98
4.
Preparatory Materials
99
4.1
How far does preparatory work trace history?
99
4.1.1
What illuminates a common understanding?
100
4.1.2
Tracing a historical line
101
4.1.3
Looking at the main source
101
4.1.4
Using all material available to negotiators
103
4.2
Whether preparatory work can be differentially admissible
104
4.3
Documents associated with treaty negotiations
105
4.4
Admissibility of documents from a unilateral source
106
4.
Who Uses the Vienna Convention to Interpret Treaties?
109
1.
Introduction
109
2.
International Organizations 111
2.1
General interpretative competence in international organizations 111
2.2
The two Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties
112
2.3
The United Nations and other organizations
113
2.4
The European Community and European Union
113
3.
International Courts and Tribunals
114
3.1
International Court of Justice
114
3.2
Arbitration
115
3.3
The World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Understanding
116
3.4
The International Centre for Settlement
of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
119
3.5
The European Court of Human Rights
119
3.6
The European Court of Justice
120
3.6.1
The treaties founding the Community
121
3.6.2
Treaties to which the Community is a party
with non-member states
122
3.6.3
Community instruments giving effect to treaties
with non-members
124
3.7
Other international courts and tribunals
126
4.
National Legal Systems
126
4.1
Implementation of treaties
126
4.2
Judicial interpretation within national legal systems
128
4.2.1
Parties to the Vienna Convention generally
128
4.2.2
The common law tradition
129
4.2.3
States which are not parties to the Vienna Convention
ЪЪ
PART II. INTERPRETATION APPLYING THE VIENNA
CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES
A. The General Rule
5.
The General Rule:
(1)
The Treaty, its Terms, and their
Ordinary Meaning
141
1.
A Treaty
142
1.1
The treaty and its terms
144
1.2
The sound of silence
—
absent and implied terms
145
2.
Good Faith
147
2.1
History and preparatory work relating to good faith
148
2.2
Ordinary meaning of good faith
150
2.3
Good faith in context and in the light of the Convention s object
and purpose
152
2.4
Issues and practice
152
2.4.1
Goodfaith generally
152
2.4.2
Goodfaith meaning reasonableness
157
2.4.3
Goodfaith limitinginterpretationofapower
157
2.4.4
Goodfaith requiring babncing of treaty elements
158
2.4.5
Goodfaith and the principle of effectiveness
(ut res magis valeat
quam pereat)
159
3.
Ordinary Meaning
161
3.1
History and preparatory work
162
3.2
Ordinary meaning of ordinary meaning to be given to the terms
of the treaty
163
3.3
Issues and practice
165
3.3.1
Role of ordinary meaning
165
3.3.2
Dictionaries and other sources of definitions
166
3.3.3
Literal meanings of single terms
169
3.3.4
No ordinary meaning
orno
single one?
170
3.3.5
Generic terms
172
3.3.6
Ordinary to whom?
173
3.3.7
Treaty language and terms
174
3.3.8
Terms and concepts
176
4.
Context
177
4.1
Background and context
178
4.2
Issues and practice
178
4.2.1
Immediate context
—
grammar and syntax
178
4.2.2
Title, headings, and
chapeaux
180
4.2.3
Context showing structure or scheme
182
4.2.4
Related and contrasting provisions
185
4.2.5
Preamble
186
4.2.6
Punctuation and syntax
187
5.
Object and Purpose
189
5.1
History and preparatory work relating to object and purpose
190
5.2
Ordinary Meaning of object and purpose in context
191
5.3
Issues and practice
194
5.3.1
Singular object and purpose
194
5.3.2
Finding object and purpose from preamble
and substantive provisions
196
5.3.3
Can the object and purpose be used to counter
clear substantive provisions?
197
5.3.4
Object and purpose identifyinggeneralscope of treaty
199
5.3.5
Object and purpose in a particularprovision
200
5-3.6
Principle of effectiveness (general)
200
6.
Conclusions
202
6.
The General Rule:
(2)
Agreements as Context, Subsequent
Agreements, and Subsequent Practice
203
1.
Introduction
203
1.1
The linking notion of agreement
203
1.2
Substantial identity of effect of subsequent agreements
on interpretation as of those at time of conclusion
204
1.3
Interpretative agreement in subsequent practice
208
2.
Agreements and Instruments Made in Connection
with Conclusion of a Treaty
209
2.1
Conclusion of a treaty
209
2.2
Interpretative role of agreements connected
with conclusion of a treaty
212
2.3
Interpretative role of instruments made by one or more parties
214
2.3.1
Instruments covered by article 31(2)(b)
of the Vienna Convention
214
2.3.2
Role of unilateral instruments covered by article 31(2)(b)
215
3.
Subsequent Agreements
216
3.1
Fact of agreement, not form, is the key factor
216
3.1.1
History and analysis
217
3.1.2 1С]
looksforfactofagreement, not form
218
3.2
Less formal or informal agreement
220
3.3
Effect of amending agreements
222
4.
Subsequent Practice
225
4.1
Elements of subsequent practice
226
4.1.1
History and development of the provision
226
4.1.2
Meaning of subsequentpractice
226
4.1.3
Practice to be concordant, common, and consistent
227
4.1.4
Practice may consist of executive, kgislative, and judicial acts
228
4.1.5
Subsequentpractice and subsequent conduct distinguished
230
4.1.6
Practice in the application of the treaty
232
4.2
Deduction from absence of subsequent practice
232
4.3
Parties participating in the practice
■ 235
4.3.1
Practice must be attributable to parties
235
4.3.2
Agreement, not practice, of all parties is required
2ЪЬ
4.3.3
Practice of some parties only does not interpret a treaty
inter
se
unless so agreed
236
4.3.4
Practice ofsomeparties in absence
ofthat
of others
237
4.4
Establishing agreement
239
4.5
Subsequent practice linked with informal agreement,
understandings, or other instruments
241
4.6
Subsequent practice and evolutive interpretation distinguished
242
4.7
Subsequent practice and amendment differentiated
243
4.8
Subsequent practice in international organizations
246
4.8.1
Whose practice in the organization?
246
4.8.2
Practice in relation to treaty establishing an organization
247
4.8.3
Practice in relation to treaty provisions
other than constitutional ones
249
7.
The General Rule:
(3)
Relevant Rules of International Law
and Special Meanings
250
1.
Introduction
250
1.1
The
intertemporal
rule in general international law
252
1.2
Time factors in treaty interpretation
253
2.
History and Preparatory Work of Article 31(3)(c)
256
3.
Ordinary Meaning of Article 31(3)(c) in Context, etc
259
3.1
There shall be taken into account, together with the context
... 259
3.2
Relevant rules of international law
260
3.2.1
Relevance
260
3.2.2
Rubs of international law
260
3.3
Which are the parties ?
263
4.
Issues and Practice
265
4.1
Terms
266
4.1.1
Extent ofreUvant international law
266
4.1.2
Rules
268
4.1.3
Applicable in the relations between which parties ?
269
4.2
Intertemporal
and temporal issues
276
4.3
Clarifying meaning by reference to international law
278
4.4
Reference to other treaties
281
4.4.1
Reference to international law stated in common form treaties
282
4.4.2
Reference to the same word as used in other treaties
283
4.4.5
Reference to terms or phrases used in treaties
on the same subject
283
4.5
Filling gaps by reference to general international law
284
4.6
Parallel and conflicting obligations
288
4.7
Taking account of international law developments
289
5.
Special Meanings
291
5.1
Introduction
291
5.2
History and preparatory work
291
5.3
Issues and practice
294
5.3.1
Special meaning and ordinary meaning distinguished
294
5.3.2
Burden of establishing a special meaning
ТЭЪ
5.3.3
Evidence required to establish a special meaning
296
5.3.4
Special meanings and special regimes
297
B. Supplementary Means of Interpretation
8.
Supplementary Means of Interpretation
301
1.
Introduction
301
2.
History and Preparatory Work
303
2.1
Separating supplementary means from the general rule
303
2.2
Ready reference to preparatory work distinguished from basing
interpretations on it alone
306
2.3
Distinction between use of supplementary means to confirm
and to determine the meaning
307
3.
Meaning of Recourse and Supplementary
310
3.1
Recourse
310
3.2
Supplementary
ЗП
3.3
Further supplementary means
311
4.
Issues and Practice
312
4.1
Systematic use of gateways, unsystematic use, and by-passing them
312
4.1.1
Explicit reference to the qualifying gateway
312
4.1.2
Reachingthepreparatory work informally
313
4.1.3
Incidental use of supplementary means
315
4.1.4
Admitting preparatoryworkintroduced byparties
316
4.2
Confirming meaning
316
4.2.1
Role of confirming when not determining
316
4.2.2
Confirminga clear meaning
323
4.2.3
Using supplementary means to confirm intention
324
4.2.4
Using supplementary means to reinforce an interpretation
326
4.2.5
Using preparatorywork as generalsupport
327
4.2.6
Reciting and usingpreparatory work contrasted
327
4.3
Determining meaning
328
4.3.1
Qualifying conditions: ambiguous or obscure or
manifestly absurd or unreasonable
328
4.3.2
Ambiguous by reference to
avaüability
of another word
having one of the claimed meanings
330
A A Modalities of use of supplementary means
331
4.4.1
Usingandconstruingpreparatory work
331
4.4.2
Readingpreparatory work to show agreement to exclude
ЪЪЪ
4.4.3
Deduction from absence from preparatory work
òòA
4.4.4
Change of word orwords during negotiation of treaty
356
4.4.5
Exclusion of preparatory work from consideration
ЪЪ7
4.4.6
May preparatory work be deployed as context?
339
4.4.7
Usingpreparatory work to identify or confirm object
andpurpose
340
4.4.8
Effectof interpretation recorded in preparatorywork
341
4.4.9
Readingpreparatory work in combination
with other supplementary means
342
4.5
Circumstances of conclusion and other supplementary means
343
4.5-1
Meaning of circumstances ofconclusion
343
4.5.2
Comparison with provisions in other treaties
or associated material as a circumstance of conclusion
Ъ45
4.5-3
Commentaries, expfanatory reports, academic writing, etc
346
4.5.4
Other supplementary means
349
9.
Languages
353
1.
Introduction
353
2.
History and Preparatory Work
354
3.
Ordinary Meaning of Terms in Article
33 359
4.
Issues and Practice
360
4.1
Interpretation by reference first to only one of several languages
360
4.2
Use of versions , official and other texts
362
4.3
Presumption of the same meaning in all authentic texts
363
4.4
How many languages must be considered if there is a need
to reconcile texts?
364
4.5
Is the original language of a treaty particularly significant
for interpretation?
366
4.6
Translation of terms and legal concepts in different languages
369
4.7
Reconciliation where one or more texts are clear but another
is ambiguous
375
4.8
Different punctuation in different languages
377
4.9
Reconciliation of language differences by reference
to object and purpose
380
4.10
Using preparatory work in reconciling differences
between languages
384
Bibliography
387
Index
397
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Foreword by Sir Michael Wood
xiii
Preface
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
Note on Citations
xxi
Table of Cases
xxiii
Table of Treaties and Legislation
xxx
і
PART I. OVERVIEW, HISTORY, MATERIALS,
AND DRAMATIS
PERSONAE
The Vienna Rules
3
1.
A Single Set of Rules of Interpretation
5
1.
Introduction
5
1.1
Guide to analytical approach
9
2.
Applicability of the Vienna Rules Generally
12
2.1
History of recognition by the ICJ of the Vienna rules
13
2.2
Express endorsement of the Vienna rules by the ICJ
15
2.3
Endorsement of the Vienna rules by other international courts
and tribunals
17
2.4
Endorsement of the Vienna rules by national courts
18
3.
Definitions and Key Concepts
19
3.1
Treaty
20
3.2
Party, signatory, etc
22
3.3
Treaty relations
23
3.4
Preparatory work
24
3.5
Intertemporal
law
25
3.6
'Interpretation'and'application'
26
4.
The Process of Interpretation and the Nature of the Rules
29
4.1
The process of interpretation and the principle
of autonomous interpretation
29
4.2
Ageneral'rule'and'mles'ofinterpretation
33
4.3
Are the Vienna rules'rules'?
36
5.
Four Examples
38
5.1
Interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights
—
a typical
approach
39
5.2
An interpretation by an arbitral tribunal of the International
Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
(ICSID)-
—
interpretation and application
41
5.3
Interpretation within a national legal system
—
contrasting
application of Vienna rules and domestic precedent
45
5.4
Interpretation within a national legal system
—
increasing awareness
of the Vienna rules in courts in the UK
48
2.
Development of Rules of Interpretation
51
1.
Introduction
51
2.
Treaty Interpretation in the Greco-Roman Era
54
3.
Grotius, Pufendorf, Vattel, and Canons of Interpretation
55
4.
The Harvard Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties
56
5.
The Permanent Court of International Justice
59
6.
Restrictive Interpretation and Effectiveness
60
7. Institut de
Droit
International
62
8.
The Practice of the International Court of Justice
Before the Vienna Convention
63
9.
The New Haven School and World Public Order
65
10.
The Work of the International Law Commission
and the Vienna Conference
69
3.
Interpretative Material Generated in Making Treaties
74
1.
Introduction
7
A
2.
Making Treaties
75
2.1
Who initiates and negotiates treaties?
75
2.2
Negotiating and drawing up a treaty
75
2.2.1
Negotiation and full powers
76
2.3
Adoption and authentication of a treaty text
77
2.4
Concluded and other instruments
78
2.4.1
Final acts and protocols
79
2.4.2
Distinguishing treatiesfrom other instruments
80
3.
Statements or Declarations by States Affecting Interpretation
of Treaties
84
3.1
Reservations
84
3.2
Interpretative declarations
86
3.3
Differentiating between reservations and interpretative
declarations
87
3.4
Wrinkles in the distinction
87
3.5
Confusing terminology
88
3.6
Significance of how the maker characterizes a statement
or declaration
89
3.7
'Conditional declarations'
90
3.8
Other declarations
91
3.9
Statements in response to declarations
92
3.10
Effects of responses to interpretative declarations
93
3.11
Effects of interpretative declarations
94
3.12
Decisions of courts and tribunals on interpretative declarations
95
3.13
Conclusion on interpretative declarations
98
4.
Preparatory Materials
99
4.1
How far does preparatory work trace history?
99
4.1.1
What illuminates a common understanding?
100
4.1.2
Tracing a historical line
101
4.1.3
Looking at the main source
101
4.1.4
Using all material available to negotiators
103
4.2
Whether preparatory work can be differentially admissible
104
4.3
Documents associated with treaty negotiations
105
4.4
Admissibility of documents from a unilateral source
106
4.
Who Uses the Vienna Convention to Interpret Treaties?
109
1.
Introduction
109
2.
International Organizations 111
2.1
General interpretative competence in international organizations 111
2.2
The two Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties
112
2.3
The United Nations and other organizations
113
2.4
The European Community and European Union
113
3.
International Courts and Tribunals
114
3.1
International Court of Justice
114
3.2
Arbitration
115
3.3
The World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Understanding
116
3.4
The International Centre for Settlement
of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
119
3.5
The European Court of Human Rights
119
3.6
The European Court of Justice
120
3.6.1
The treaties founding the Community
121
3.6.2
Treaties to which the Community is a party
with non-member states
122
3.6.3
Community instruments giving effect to treaties
with non-members
124
3.7
Other international courts and tribunals
126
4.
National Legal Systems
126
4.1
Implementation of treaties
126
4.2
Judicial interpretation within national legal systems
128
4.2.1
Parties to the Vienna Convention generally
128
4.2.2
The common law tradition
129
4.2.3
States which are not parties to the Vienna Convention \
ЪЪ
PART II. INTERPRETATION APPLYING THE VIENNA
CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES
A. The General Rule
5.
The General Rule:
(1)
The Treaty, its Terms, and their
Ordinary Meaning
141
1.
A'Treaty'
142
1.1
The'treaty'and its'terms'
144
1.2
The sound of silence
—
absent and implied terms
145
2.
'Good Faith'
147
2.1
History and preparatory work relating to'good faith'
148
2.2
Ordinary meaning of'good faith'
150
2.3
'Good faith' in context and in the light of the Convention's object
and purpose
152
2.4
Issues and practice
152
2.4.1
'Goodfaith'generally
152
2.4.2
'Goodfaith' meaning reasonableness
157
2.4.3
'Goodfaith'limitinginterpretationofapower
157
2.4.4
'Goodfaith' requiring babncing of treaty elements
158
2.4.5
'Goodfaith' and the principle of effectiveness
(ut res magis valeat
quam pereat)
159
3.
'Ordinary Meaning'
161
3.1
History and preparatory work
162
3.2
Ordinary meaning of 'ordinary meaning to be given to the terms
of the treaty'
163
3.3
Issues and practice
165
3.3.1
Role of ordinary meaning
165
3.3.2
Dictionaries and other sources of definitions
166
3.3.3
Literal meanings of single terms
169
3.3.4
No ordinary meaning
orno
single one?
170
3.3.5
Generic terms
172
3.3.6
Ordinary'to whom?
173
3.3.7
Treaty language and terms
174
3.3.8
Terms and concepts
176
4.
'Context'
177
4.1
Background and context
178
4.2
Issues and practice
178
4.2.1
Immediate context
—
grammar and syntax
178
4.2.2
Title, headings, and
chapeaux
180
4.2.3
Context showing structure or scheme
182
4.2.4
Related and contrasting provisions
185
4.2.5
Preamble
186
4.2.6
Punctuation and syntax
187
5.
Object and Purpose'
189
5.1
History and preparatory work relating to'object and purpose'
190
5.2
Ordinary Meaning of'object and purpose'in context
191
5.3
Issues and practice
194
5.3.1
Singular object and purpose
194
5.3.2
Finding object and purpose from preamble
and substantive provisions
196
5.3.3
Can the object and purpose be used to counter
clear substantive provisions?
197
5.3.4
Object and purpose identifyinggeneralscope of'treaty
199
5.3.5
Object and purpose in a particularprovision
200
5-3.6
Principle of effectiveness (general)
200
6.
Conclusions
202
6.
The General Rule:
(2)
Agreements as Context, Subsequent
Agreements, and Subsequent Practice
203
1.
Introduction
203
1.1
The linking notion of agreement
203
1.2
Substantial identity of effect of subsequent agreements
on interpretation as of those at time of conclusion
204
1.3
Interpretative agreement in subsequent practice
208
2.
Agreements and Instruments Made in Connection
with Conclusion of a Treaty
209
2.1
'Conclusion'of a treaty
209
2.2
Interpretative role of agreements connected
with conclusion of a treaty
212
2.3
Interpretative role of instruments made by one or more parties
214
2.3.1
Instruments covered by article 31(2)(b)
of the Vienna Convention
214
2.3.2
Role of unilateral instruments covered by article 31(2)(b)
215
3.
Subsequent Agreements
216
3.1
Fact of agreement, not form, is the key factor
216
3.1.1
History and analysis
217
3.1.2 1С]
'looksforfactofagreement, not form
218
3.2
Less formal or informal agreement
220
3.3
Effect of amending agreements
222
4.
Subsequent Practice
225
4.1
Elements of subsequent practice
226
4.1.1
History and development of the provision
226
4.1.2
Meaning of'subsequentpractice'
226
4.1.3
Practice to be concordant, common, and consistent
227
4.1.4
Practice may consist of executive, kgislative, and judicial acts
228
4.1.5
'Subsequentpractice'and 'subsequent conduct'distinguished
230
4.1.6
Practice 'in the application of the treaty
232
4.2
Deduction from absence of subsequent practice
232
4.3
Parties participating in the practice
■ 235
4.3.1
Practice must be attributable to parties
235
4.3.2
Agreement, not practice, of all parties is required
2ЪЬ
4.3.3
Practice of some parties only does not interpret a treaty
'inter
se'
unless so agreed
236
4.3.4
Practice ofsomeparties in absence
ofthat
of others
237
4.4
'Establishing'agreement
239
4.5
Subsequent practice linked with informal agreement,
understandings, or other instruments
241
4.6
Subsequent practice and 'evolutive' interpretation distinguished
242
4.7
Subsequent practice and amendment differentiated
243
4.8
Subsequent practice in international organizations
246
4.8.1
Whose practice in the organization?
246
4.8.2
Practice in relation to treaty establishing an organization
247
4.8.3
Practice in relation to treaty provisions
other than constitutional ones
249
7.
The General Rule:
(3)
Relevant Rules of International Law
and Special Meanings
250
1.
Introduction
250
1.1
The
intertemporal
rule in general international law
252
1.2
Time factors in treaty interpretation
253
2.
History and Preparatory Work of Article 31(3)(c)
256
3.
Ordinary Meaning of Article 31(3)(c) in Context, etc
259
3.1
There shall be taken into account, together with the context
. 259
3.2
Relevant rules of international law
260
3.2.1
Relevance
260
3.2.2
Rubs of international law
260
3.3
Which are'the parties'?
263
4.
Issues and Practice
265
4.1
Terms
266
4.1.1
Extent ofreUvant'international law'
266
4.1.2
'Rules'
268
4.1.3
Applicable in the relations between which 'parties'?
269
4.2
Intertemporal
and temporal issues
276
4.3
Clarifying meaning by reference to international law
278
4.4
Reference to other treaties
281
4.4.1
Reference to international law stated in common form treaties
282
4.4.2
Reference to the same word as used in other treaties
283
4.4.5
Reference to terms or phrases used in treaties
on the same subject
283
4.5
Filling gaps by reference to general international law
284
4.6
Parallel and conflicting obligations
288
4.7
Taking account of international law developments
289
5.
Special Meanings
291
5.1
Introduction
291
5.2
History and preparatory work
291
5.3
Issues and practice
294
5.3.1
Special meaning and ordinary meaning distinguished
294
5.3.2
Burden of establishing a special meaning
ТЭЪ
5.3.3
Evidence required to establish a special meaning
296
5.3.4
Special meanings and special regimes
297
B. Supplementary Means of Interpretation
8.
Supplementary Means of Interpretation
301
1.
Introduction
301
2.
History and Preparatory Work
303
2.1
Separating supplementary means from the general rule
303
2.2
Ready reference to preparatory work distinguished from basing
interpretations on it alone
306
2.3
Distinction between use of supplementary means 'to confirm'
and 'to determine' the meaning
307
3.
Meaning of'Recourse' and 'Supplementary'
310
3.1
'Recourse'
310
3.2
'Supplementary'
ЗП
3.3
Further supplementary means
311
4.
Issues and Practice
312
4.1
Systematic use of gateways, unsystematic use, and by-passing them
312
4.1.1
Explicit reference to the qualifying gateway
312
4.1.2
Reachingthepreparatory work informally
313
4.1.3
Incidental use of supplementary means
315
4.1.4
Admitting preparatoryworkintroduced'byparties
316
4.2
Confirming meaning
316
4.2.1
Role of'confirming'when not'determining'
316
4.2.2
Confirminga clear meaning
323
4.2.3
Using supplementary means to confirm 'intention
324
4.2.4
Using supplementary means to'reinforce'an interpretation
326
4.2.5
Using preparatorywork as generalsupport
327
4.2.6
Reciting and usingpreparatory work contrasted
327
4.3
Determining meaning
328
4.3.1
Qualifying conditions: 'ambiguous or obscure'or
'manifestly absurd or unreasonable'
328
4.3.2
Ambiguous by reference to
avaüability
of another word
having one of the claimed meanings
330
A A Modalities of use of supplementary means
331
4.4.1
Usingandconstruingpreparatory work
331
4.4.2
Readingpreparatory work to show agreement to exclude
ЪЪЪ
4.4.3
Deduction from absence from preparatory work
òòA
4.4.4
Change of word orwords during negotiation of'treaty
356
4.4.5
Exclusion of preparatory work from consideration
ЪЪ7
4.4.6
May preparatory work be deployed as context?
339
4.4.7
Usingpreparatory work to identify or confirm object
andpurpose
340
4.4.8
Effectof interpretation recorded'in preparatorywork
341
4.4.9
Readingpreparatory work in combination
with other supplementary means
342
4.5
Circumstances of conclusion and other supplementary means
343
4.5-1
Meaning of'circumstances ofconclusion'
343
4.5.2
Comparison with provisions in other treaties
or associated material as a circumstance of conclusion
Ъ45
4.5-3
Commentaries, expfanatory reports, academic writing, etc
346
4.5.4
Other supplementary means
349
9.
Languages
353
1.
Introduction
353
2.
History and Preparatory Work
354
3.
Ordinary Meaning of Terms in Article
33 359
4.
Issues and Practice
360
4.1
Interpretation by reference first to only one of several languages
360
4.2
Use of 'versions', 'official' and other texts
362
4.3
Presumption of the same meaning in all authentic texts
363
4.4
How many languages must be considered if there is a need
to reconcile texts?
364
4.5
Is the 'original' language of a treaty particularly significant
for interpretation?
366
4.6
Translation of terms and legal concepts in different languages
369
4.7
Reconciliation where one or more texts are clear but another
is ambiguous
375
4.8
Different punctuation in different languages
377
4.9
Reconciliation of language differences by reference
to object and purpose
380
4.10
Using preparatory work in reconciling differences
between languages
384
Bibliography
387
Index
397 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Gardiner, Richard K. |
| author_facet | Gardiner, Richard K. |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| spelling | Gardiner, Richard K. Verfasser aut Treaty interpretation Richard K. Gardiner 1. publ. New York, NY Oxford Uni. Press 2008 XXXIX, 407 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Oxford international law library Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 Mai 23 (DE-588)4307841-2 gnd rswk-swf Traités - Interprétation Treaties Interpretation and construction Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 gnd rswk-swf Auslegung (DE-588)4069008-8 gnd rswk-swf Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 Mai 23 (DE-588)4307841-2 u Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 s Auslegung (DE-588)4069008-8 s DE-604 Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016691803&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Gardiner, Richard K. Treaty interpretation Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 Mai 23 (DE-588)4307841-2 gnd Traités - Interprétation Treaties Interpretation and construction Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 gnd Auslegung (DE-588)4069008-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4307841-2 (DE-588)4063283-0 (DE-588)4063696-3 (DE-588)4069008-8 |
| title | Treaty interpretation |
| title_auth | Treaty interpretation |
| title_exact_search | Treaty interpretation |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Treaty interpretation |
| title_full | Treaty interpretation Richard K. Gardiner |
| title_fullStr | Treaty interpretation Richard K. Gardiner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Treaty interpretation Richard K. Gardiner |
| title_short | Treaty interpretation |
| title_sort | treaty interpretation |
| topic | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 Mai 23 (DE-588)4307841-2 gnd Traités - Interprétation Treaties Interpretation and construction Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 gnd Auslegung (DE-588)4069008-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 Mai 23 Traités - Interprétation Treaties Interpretation and construction Vertragsrecht Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag Auslegung |
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