The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Göttingen
Cuvillier
2007
|
| Edition: | 1. Aufl. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 245 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3867273286 9783867273282 |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804145574847447040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
THE CHALLENGE OF IMPLEMENTING
THE OVERLAPPING REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS IN EGYPT
INAUGURAL - DI S SERTATION IN DER PHILOSOPHISCHEN FAKULTAT I
(PHILOSOPHIC GESCHICHTE, SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN) DER
FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAT
ERLANGEN-NIIRNBERG
VORGELEGT VON
TAMER MOHAMED AHMED AFIFI
AUS
AGYPTEN
D29
IMAGE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS I
LIST OF TABLES VIII
LIST OF FIGURES XII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XII
GERMAN SUMMARY XV
ABSTRACT XVIII
INTRODUCTION 1
1. EGYPT AS A MEMBER OF DIFFERENT RTAS 1
2. A BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RTAS 2
3. RESEARCH PROBLEM 3
4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 4
5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4
6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 4
7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5
8. TIME, GEOGRAPHIC AND PRODUCT COVERAGE OF THE RESEARCH 5
9. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 6
CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 7
1.1. DEGREES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 7
1.2. THE STATIC EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE RTAS 8
1.3. THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE RTAS 10
1.4. THE OVERLAPPING RTAS 10
1.4.1. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERLAPPING RTAS 10
1.4.2. RULES OF ORIGIN 11
1.4.2.1. THE FUNCTIONS OF ROO 12
1.4.2.2. THE ROLE OF ROO IN FREE TRADE AREAS AND CUSTOMS UNIONS 12
1.4.2.3. BILATERAL VERSUS DIAGONAL CUMULATION OF ROO 13
1.4.2.4. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ROO 13
1.5. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 15
IMAGE 3
CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS AND THEIR
STATUS OF
IMPLEMENTATION 19
2.1. INTRODUCTION 19
2.2. THE GREATER ARAB FREE TRADE AREA (GAFTA) 19
2.2.1. OVERVIEW 19
2.2.2. THE TRADE FLOWS BETWEEN EGYPT AND THE GAFTA COUNTRIES 20
2.2.3. THE GAFTA STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION 21
2.2.3.1. TARIFF REDUCTIONS 21
2.2.3.2. EXCEPTION LISTS FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS (NEGATIVE LISTS) AND
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
(ROZNAMA) 22
2.2.3.3. COHERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL RULES 24
2.2.3.4. RULES OF ORIGIN 24
2.2.3.5. CUSTOMS 26
2.2.3.6. TRADE-RELATED DOMESTIC REGULATIONS 26
2.2.3.7. TRADE IN SERVICES 27
2.2.3.8. COUNTRY SPECIFIC PROBLEMS AND NTBS WITHIN GAFTA 27
2.2.4. GAFTA AND THE ARAB BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH EGYPT 29
2.2.4.1. OVERVIEW 29
2.2.4.2. COUNTRY SPECIFIC PROBLEMS AND NTBS WITHIN THE ARAB BILATERAL
TRADE
AGREEMENTS WITH EGYPT 30
2.3. THE COMMON MARKET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA (COMESA) 31
2.3.1. OVERVIEW 31
2.3.2. THE TRADE FLOWS BETWEEN EGYPT AND THE COMESA COUNTRIES 32
2.3.3. THE COMESA STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION 34
2.3.3.1. TARIFF REDUCTIONS 35
2.3.3.2. PRODUCT COVERAGE AND EXEMPTIONS 37
2.3.3.3. CUSTOMS 37
2.3.3.4. RULES OF ORIGIN 38
2.3.3.5. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS AND TRADE REMEDIES 40
2.3.3.6. TRADE-RELATED DOMESTIC REGULATIONS 41
2.3.3.7. TRADE FACILITATION 41
2.3.3.8. TRADE IN SERVICES 41
2.4. THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (EURO-MED) 42
2.4.1. OVERVIEW 42
IMAGE 4
2.4.2. THE TRADE FLOWS BETWEEN EGYPT AND THE EU COUNTRIES 45
2.4.3. THE EGYPTIAN-EUROPEAN PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT STATE OF
IMPLEMENTATION 46
2.4.3.1. PRODUCT COVERAGE 46
2.4.3.2. RULES OF ORIGIN 47
2.4.3.3. TRADE IN SERVICES 48
2.5. THE AGHADIR AGREEMENT 48
2.5.1. OVERVIEW 48
2.5.2. THE TRADE FLOWS BETWEEN EGYPT AND THE AGHADIR COUNTRIES 49
2.5.3. THE AGHADIR STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION 50
2.6. A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE
COMMITMENTS OF THE
EGYPTIAN RTAS 51
2.6.1. PRODUCT COVERAGE OF MERCHANDISE TRADE 51
2.6.1.1. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 51
2.6.1.2. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 52
2.6.2. SERVICES 52
2.6.3. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR) 53
2.6.4. STANDARDS 53
2.6.5. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS 54
2.6.6. COMPETITION POLICIES 54
2.6.7. CUSTOMS COORDINATION 56
2.6.8. TRADE REMEDIES (INCLUDING SAFEGUARDS, COUNTERVAILING MEASURES,
AND AD) 57
2.6.9. GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENTS 57
2.6.10. DUTY DRAWBACK 58
2.6.11. STANDARDIZATION AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT 58
2.7. SUMMARY AND MAIN FINDINGS 58
CHAPTER 3: EGYPT S EXPECTED GAINS FROM IMPLEMENTING ITS REGIONAL TRADE
AGREEMENTS 60
3.1. INTRODUCTION 60
3.2. FREE TRADE AREAS 60
3.2.1. THE EXPECTED STATIC EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE RTAS 60
3.2.1.1. THE PRODUCTION AND EXPORT STRUCTURES OF THE MEMBER COUNTRIES 61
3.2.1.2. THE PRE-FTA TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG MEMBER
COUNTRIES 71
3.2.1.3. THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MEMBER COUNTRIES 72
3.2.1.4. THE SIZE OF THE FT AS 73
3.2.1.5. THE PRE-FTA TRADE BARRIERS BETWEEN MEMBER COUNTRIES 73
IMAGE 5
3.2.1.6. OTHER HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS 75
3.2.2. THE EXPECTED DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE RTAS 77
3.2.2.1. STIMULUS TO INVESTMENT 77
3.2.2.2. INCREASED COMPETITION 79
3.2.2.3. ECONOMIES OF SCALE 81
3.2.3. THE EXPECTED INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS AFTER IMPLEMENTING THE RTAS 82
3.2.3.1. COMPETITION POLICY RULES 83
3.2.3.2. HARMONIZATION OF NON-BORDER MEASURES 84
3.3. SUMMARY AND MAIN FINDINGS 85
CHAPTER 4: THE INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH EGYPT AND ITS RTAS
87
4.1. INTRODUCTION 87
4.2. THE EGYPTIAN EXPORTERS 89
4.2.1. EGYPT AS A TEMPORAL CHANNEL BETWEEN EU AND COMESA 89
4.2.2. EU AS A PROVIDER FOR MACHINES, CAPITAL GOODS AND INVESTMENTS FOR
EGYPT AND THE REST
OF THE GAFTA COUNTRIES 90
4.2.3. EGYPT S COMPETITORS ABROAD 90
4.2.4. NEW STANDARDS AND TERMS OF TRADE OF THE GULF COUNTRIES 91
4.2.5. CUSTOMS PROBLEMS IN OTHER GAFTA COUNTRIES 92
4.2.6. INFORMATION SYSTEMS 93
4.2.7. GUARANTEES SYSTEM 94
4.2.8. FREIGHT AND TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS 95
4.2.9. COMPETITION AMONG GAFTA MEMBERS 96
4.2.10. OBSTACLES WITHIN THE BORDERS 96
4.2.11. PROBLEMS IN THE EGYPTIAN CUSTOMS OUTLETS 98
4.3. THE IMPORTERS 100
4.3.1. INTERNAL IMPEDIMENTS 100
4.3.2. TAXATION PROBLEMS 101
4.3.3. GAFTA AND OTHER RTAS 102
4.3.4. CUSTOMS PROBLEMS 102
4.3.5. FREIGHT COSTS 103
4.4. THE LOCAL PRODUCERS 103
4.4.1. EXTERNAL COMPETITION 103
4.4.2. COLLECTIVE ACTION 104
4.4.3. OPENING NEW MARKETS ABROAD 105
IMAGE 6
4.4.4. INTERNAL IMPEDIMENTS 105
4.4.5. THE MISSING SUPPORT 106
4.4.6. THE MISSING COMMITMENT 107
4.5. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS 107
4.5.1. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRES 107
4.5.1.1. EURO-MED VERSUS GAFTA AND COMESA 107
4.5.1.2. NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LIBERALIZATION 109
4.5.1.3. CORRUPTION 110
4.5.1.4. ENFORCEABILITY OF CONTRACTS 110
4.5.1.5. INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES ILL
4.5.2. CUSTOMS OFFICIALS 112
4.5.2.1. CUSTOMS PROBLEMS 112
4.5.2.2. FIELD TEAMS IN THE ARAB CUSTOMS 112
4.5.3. MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND FOREIGN TRADE 113
4.5.3.1. PROBLEMS OCCURRING IN EGYPT IN SPITE OF THE GOVERNMENT CONTROL
113
4.5.3.2. LOW QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN EGYPT 114
4.5.3.3. EGYPTIAN COMMERCIAL DELEGATIONS ABROAD 114
4.5.3.4. THE LOBBYING SYSTEM IN EGYPT 115
4.5.3.5. THE RESPONSE OF THE LOCAL MARKET TO THE RTAS 115
4.6. COMMON PROBLEMS FACING EGYPTIAN IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS 115
4.7. SUMMARY AND MAIN FINDINGS 117
CHAPTER 5: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS WITHIN THE
EGYPTIAN RTAS: A GRAVITY
MODEL APPROACH 118
5.1. INTRODUCTION 118
5.2. EMPIRICAL WORK 118
5.2.1. THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTITUTIONS IN TRADE 118
5.2.2. OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING TRADE BETWEEN COUNTRIES 122
5.3. THE GRAVITY MODEL 123
5.3.1. PAST STUDIES USING THE GRAVITY MODEL 124
5.3.2. THE RATIONALE AND STEPS OF THE GRAVITY MODEL USED IN THIS STUDY
125
5.4. THE REGRESSION RESULTS 127
5.4.1. COMESA 127
5.4.1.1. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL 127
5.4.1.1.1. EXPORTS 127
IMAGE 7
5.4.1.1.2. IMPORTS 129
5.4.1.2. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL IN
ADDITION TO THE
LANDMASS OR POPULATION OF THE IMPORTING COUNTRY 130
5.4.1.2.1. EXPORTS 130
5.4.1.2.2. IMPORTS 132
5.4.1.3. DROPPING THE INSTITUTIONAL VARIABLES IN THE IMPORTING COUNTRIES
FROM THE
REGRESSIONS 134
5.4.1.3.1. EXPORTS 134
5.4.1.3.2. IMPORTS 135
5.4.1.4. ADDING THE COMPLEMENTARY VARIABLES TO THE REGRESSIONS 137
5.4.1.4.1. EXPORTS 137
5.4.1.4.2. IMPORTS 139
5.4.2. EURO-MED 141
5.4.2.1. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL 142
5.4.2.1.1. EXPORTS 142
5.4.2.1.2. IMPORTS 143
5.4.2.2. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL IN
ADDITION TO THE
LANDMASS OR POPULATION OF THE IMPORTING COUNTRY 144
5.4.2.2.1. EXPORTS 145
5.4.2.2.2. IMPORTS 146
5.4.2.3. ADDING THE COMPLEMENTARY VARIABLES TO THE REGRESSIONS 147
5.4.2.3.1. EXPORTS 147
5.4.2.3.2. IMPORTS 149
5.4.3.1. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL 152
5.4.3.1.1. EXPORTS 152
5.4.3.1.2. IMPORTS 152
5.4.3.2. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL IN
ADDITION TO THE
LANDMASS OR POPULATION OF THE IMPORTING COUNTRY 153
5.4.3.2.1. EXPORTS 153
5.4.3.2.2. IMPORTS 154
5.4.3.3. ADDING THE COMPLEMENTARY VARIABLES TO THE REGRESSIONS 156
5.4.3.3.1. EXPORTS 156
5.4.3.3.2. IMPORTS 158
5.4.4. EGYPT AND THE WTO 160
IMAGE 8
5.4.4.1. USING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VARIABLES OF A GRAVITY MODEL 160
5.4.4.1.1. EXPORTS 161
5.4.4.1.2. IMPORTS 161
5.4.4.2. ADDING DUMMIES FOR THE MEMBERSHIP IN THE RTAS 162
5.4.4.2.1. EXPORTS 162
5.4.4.2.2. IMPORTS 163
5.4.4.3. ADDING THE SIZE OF THE IMPORTING COUNTRY 164
5.4.4.4. INCLUDING ALL THE COMPLEMENTARY VARIABLES IN THE REGRESSIONS
166
5.5. SUMMARY AND MAIN FINDINGS 169
CHAPTER 6: PROBLEMS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EGYPTIAN RTAS RESULTING
FROM OVERLAPPING
RULES OF ORIGIN 172
6.1. INTRODUCTION 172
6.2. EMPIRICAL WORK 173
6.3. THE HARMONIZED COMMODITY CODING SYSTEM 174
6.4. EGYPT AS A MEMBER OF THREE RTAS 175
6.4.1. EURO-MED 176
6.4.2. COMESA 189
6.4.3. GAFTA 199
6.5. SUMMARY AND MAIN FINDINGS 209
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUDING REMARKS 211
A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE 214
APPENDIX I: LIST OF BILATERAL ARAB PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
CONCLUDED BETWEEN EGYPT AND
A NUMBER OF ARAB COUNTRIES 223
APPENDIX II 224
REFERENCES 236
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Afifi, Tamer Mohamed Ahmed |
| author_facet | Afifi, Tamer Mohamed Ahmed |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Afifi, Tamer Mohamed Ahmed |
| author_variant | t m a a tma tmaa |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV026935392 |
| classification_rvk | MI 12910 QM 230 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)723792644 (DE-599)DNB985259280 |
| dewey-full | 382.962 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 382 - International commerce (Foreign trade) |
| dewey-raw | 382.962 |
| dewey-search | 382.962 |
| dewey-sort | 3382.962 |
| dewey-tens | 380 - Commerce, communications, transportation |
| discipline | Politologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. Aufl. |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV026935392 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:21:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3867273286 9783867273282 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022457062 |
| oclc_num | 723792644 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 |
| physical | XIX, 245 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Cuvillier |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Afifi, Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Verfasser aut The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt von Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Afifi 1. Aufl. Göttingen Cuvillier 2007 XIX, 245 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2007 Region (DE-588)4049029-4 gnd rswk-swf Handelsabkommen (DE-588)4158980-4 gnd rswk-swf Implementierung Informatik (DE-588)4026663-1 gnd rswk-swf Ägypten (DE-588)4000556-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Ägypten (DE-588)4000556-2 g Handelsabkommen (DE-588)4158980-4 s Region (DE-588)4049029-4 s Implementierung Informatik (DE-588)4026663-1 s 1\p DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022457062&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Afifi, Tamer Mohamed Ahmed The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt Region (DE-588)4049029-4 gnd Handelsabkommen (DE-588)4158980-4 gnd Implementierung Informatik (DE-588)4026663-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049029-4 (DE-588)4158980-4 (DE-588)4026663-1 (DE-588)4000556-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt |
| title_auth | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt |
| title_exact_search | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt |
| title_full | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt von Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Afifi |
| title_fullStr | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt von Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Afifi |
| title_full_unstemmed | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt von Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Afifi |
| title_short | The challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in Egypt |
| title_sort | the challenge of implementing the overlapping regional trade agreements in egypt |
| topic | Region (DE-588)4049029-4 gnd Handelsabkommen (DE-588)4158980-4 gnd Implementierung Informatik (DE-588)4026663-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Region Handelsabkommen Implementierung Informatik Ägypten Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022457062&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT afifitamermohamedahmed thechallengeofimplementingtheoverlappingregionaltradeagreementsinegypt |