Global positioning: technologies and performance
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Wiley survival guides in engineering and science
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 419 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780471793762 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Global positioning
Autor: Samama, Nel
Jahr: 2008
CONTENTS
Foreword, xiii
Preface, xv
Acknowledgments, xvii
CHAPTER 1
A Brief History of Navigation and Positioning, 1
1.1 The First Age of Navigation, 1
1.2 The Age of the Great Navigators, 5
1.3 Cartography, Lighthouses and Astronomical Positioning, 11
1.4 The Radio Age, 12
1.5 The First Terrestrial Positioning Systems, 15
1.6 The Era of Artificial Satellites, 19
1.7 Real-Time Satellite Navigation Constellations Today, 23
? The GPS system, 23
? The GLONASS system, 24
? The Galileo system, 25
? Other systems, 26
1.8 Exercises, 26
Bibliography, 27
CHAPTER 2
A Brief Explanation of the Early Techniques of Positioning, 29
2.1 Discovering the World, 30
2.2 The First Age of Navigation and the Longitude Problem, 30
2.3 The First Optical-Based Calculation Techniques, 33
2.4 The First Terrestrial Radio-Based Systems, 35
2.5 The First Navigation Satellite Systems: TRANSIT
and PARUS/TSIKADA, 36
2.6 The Second Generation of Navigation Satellite Systems:
GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, 39
2.7 The Forthcoming Third Generation of Navigation
Satellite Systems: QZSS and COMPASS, 40
2.8 Representing the World, 40
? A brief history of geodesy, 40
? Basics of reference systems, 42
? Navigation needs for present and future use, 46
VI Contents
? Modern maps, 53
? Geodesic systems used in modem GNSS, 53
2.9 Exercises, 54
Bibliography, 55
CHAPTER 3
Development, Deployment, and Current Status of
Satellite-Based Navigation Systems, 57
3.1 Strategic, Economic, and Political Aspects, 58
? Federal Communication Commission, 58
? European approach, 58
? International spectrum conference, 60
? Strategic, political, and economic issues for Europe, 61
3.2 The Global Positioning Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, 65
? The global positioning system: GPS, 65
? The GLONASS, 72
? Galileo, 76
3.3 The GNSS1: EGNOS, WAAS, and MSAS, 80
3.4 The Other Satellite-Based Systems, 85
3.5 Differential Satellite-Based Commercial Services, 85
3.6 Exercises, 91
Bibliography, 91
CHAPTER 4
Non-GNSS Positioning Systems and Techniques for Outdoors, 95
4.1 Introduction (Large Area Without Contact or Wireless Systems), 96
4.2 The Optical Systems, 97
The stars, 97
Lighthouses, 97
The ancient classical triangulation, 98
Lasers, 99
Cameras, 100
Luminosity measurements, 101
4.3 The Terrestrial Radio Systems, 101
Amateur radio transmissions, 102
Radar, 102
The LOR AN and Decca systems. I04
ILS, MLS, VOR, and DME, 107
Mobile telecommunication networks, 108
WPAN, WLAN, and WMAN, 114
Use of radio signals of various sources, 114
4.4 The Satellite Radio Systems, 115
The Argos system, 115
The COSPAS-SARSAT system, 117
DORIS, 119
Contents VII
? TheQZSS approach, 119
? GAGAN, 121
? Beidou and COMPASS, 121
4.5 Non-Radio-Based Systems, 123
? Accelerometers, 124
? Gyroscopes, 125
? Odometers, 125
? Magnetometers, 126
? Barometers and altimeters, 126
4.6 Exercises, 127
Bibliography, 128
CHAPTER 5
GNSS System Descriptions, 131
5.1 System Description, 131
? The ground segments, 132
? The space segments, 134
? The user (terminal) segments, 139
? The services offered, 140
5.2 Summary and Comparison of the Three Systems, 142
5.3 Basics of GNSS Positioning Parameters, 142
? Position-related parameters, 143
? Signal-related parameters, 147
? Modernization, 151
5.4 Introduction to Error Sources, 153
5.5 Concepts of Differential Approaches, 153
5.6 SBAS System Description (WAAS and EGNOS), 157
5.7 Exercises, 158
Bibliography, 159
CHAPTER 6
GNSS Navigation Signals: Description and Details, 163
6.1 Navigation Signal Structures and Modulations for
GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, 163
? Structures and modulations for GPS and GLONASS. 164
? Structure and modulations for Galileo, 168
6.2 Some Explanations of the Concepts and Details of the Codes, 171
? Reasons for different codes, 172
? Reasons for different frequencies, 174
? Reasons for a navigation message. 175
? Possible choices for multiple access and modulations schemes. 178
6.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Signals, 180
6.4 Summary and Comparison of the Three Systems, 182
? Reasons for compatibility of frequencies and receivers. 182
? Recap tables, 183
VIII Contents
6.5 Developments, 186
6.6 Error Sources, 187
? Impact of an error in pseudo ranges, 188
? Time synchronization related errors, 189
? Propagation-related errors, 190
? Location-related errors, 193
? Estimation of error budget, 194
? SB AS contribution to error mitigation, 195
6.7 Time Reference Systems, 195
6.8 Exercises, 197
Bibliography, 198
CHAPTER 7
Acquisition and Tracking of GNSS Signals, 201
7.1 Transmission Part, 201
? Introduction, 201
? Structure and generation of the codes, 204
? Structure and generation of the signals, 206
7.2 Receiver Architectures, 208
? The generic problem of signal acquisition, 209
? Possible high level approaches, 212
? Receiver radio architectures, 213
? Channel details, 217
7.3 Measurement Techniques, 223
? Code phase measurements, 223
? Carrier phase measurements, 225
? Relative techniques, 227
? Precise point positioning, 231
7.4 Exercises, 231
Bibliography, 232
CHAPTER 8
Techniques for Calculating Positions, 235
8.1 Calculating the PVT solution, 235
? Basic principles of trilateration, 236
? Coordinate system, 237
? Sphere intersection approach, 239
? Analytical model of hyperboloids, 243
? Angle of arrival-related mathematics, 246
? Least-square method, 248
? Calculation of velocity, 249
? Calculation of time, 251
8.2 Satellite Position Computations, 251
8.3 Quantified Estimation of Errors, 253
8.4 Impact of Pseudo Range Errors on the Computed Positioning, 255
Contents IX
I
8.5 Impact of Geometrical Distribution of Satellites
and Receiver (Notion of DOP), 256
8.6 Benefits of Augmentation Systems, 258
8.7 Discussion on Interoperability and Integrity, 259
? Discussions concerning interoperability, 259
? Discussions concerning integrity, 260
8.8 Effect of Multipath on the Navigation Solution, 262
8.9 Exercises, 269
Bibliography, 270
CHAPTER 9
Indoor Positioning Problem and Main Techniques (Non-GNSS), 273
9.1 General Introduction to Indoor Positioning, 274
? The basic problem: example of the
navigation application, 275
The perceived needs, 276
The wide range of possible techniques, 277
Comments on the best solution, 279
The GNSS constellations and the indoor
positioning problem, 283
9.2 A Brief Review of Possible Techniques, 284
Introduction to measurements used, 284
Comments on the applicability of these
techniques to indoor environments, 285
9.3 Network of Sensors, 287
Ultrasound, 287
Infrared radiation (IR), 287
Pressure sensors, 289
Radio frequency identification (RFID), 290
9.4 Local Area Telecommunication Systems, 291
Introduction, 291
Bluetooth (WPAN), 293
WiFi (WLAN), 294
Ultra wide band (WPAN), 296
WiMax (WMAN), 298
Radio modules, 299
Comments, 299
9.5 Wide-Area Telecommunication Systems, 299
GSM, 300
UMTS, 301
Hybridization, 302
9.6 Inertial Systems, 304
9.7 Recap Tables and Global Comparisons, 305
9.8 Exercises, 305
Bibliography, 306
X Contents
CHAPTER10
GNSS-Based Indoor Positioning and a Summary of
Indoor Techniques, 309
10.1 HS-GNSS, 310
10.2 A-GNSS, 312
10.3 Hybridization, 314
10.4 Pseudolites, 315
10.5 Repeaters, 319
? The clock bias approach, 320
? The pseudo ranges approach, 323
10.6 Recap Tables and Comparisons, 328
10.7 Possible Evolutions with Availability of the Future Signals, 333
? HS-GNSS and A-GNSS, 333
? Pseudolites, 333
? Repeaters, 334
10.8 Exercises, 341
Bibliography, 342
CHAPTER11
Applications of Modern Geographical Positioning Systems, 345
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
Introduction, 345
A Chronological Review of the Past
Evolution of Applications, 346
TRANSIT and military maritime applications, 346
The first commercial maritime applications, 347
Maritime navigation, 347
Time-related applications, 348
Geodesy, 350
Civil engineering, 350
Other terrestrial applications, 350
Individual Applications, 353
Automobile navigation (guidance and services), 354
Tourist information systems, 357
Local guidance applications, 357
Location-based services (LBS), 358
Emergency calls: E911, El 12, 360
Security, 361
Games, 362
Scientific Applications, 362
Atmospheric sciences, 362
Tectonics and seismology, 364
Natural sciences, 364
Applications for Public Regulatory Forces, 365
Safety, 365
Prisoners, 365
Contents XI
I
11.6 Systems Under Development, 366
11.7 Classifications of Applications, 367
11.8 Privacy Issues, 368
11.9 Current Receivers and Systems, 369
? Mass-market handheld receivers, 369
? Application-specific mass-market receivers, 371
? Professional receivers, 372
? Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) receivers, 374
? Chipsets, 375
? Constellation simulators, 375
11.10 Conclusion and Discussion, 375
? Accuracy needed, 376
? Availability and coverage, 377
? Integrity, 377
11.11 Exercises, 377
Bibliography, 378
CHAPTER12
The Forthcoming Revolution, 381
12.1 Time and Space, 382
? A brief history of the evolution of the perception of time, 382
? Comparison with the possible change in our perception of space, 383
? First synthesis, 385
12.2 Development of Current Applications, 386
? Transportation, 386
? Cartography, 388
? Location-based services, 389
12.3 The Possible Revolution of Everybody s Daily Lives, 389
? A student s day, 390
? A district nurse s day, 392
? Objects, 393
? Ideas in development, 394
12.4 Possible Technical Positioning Approaches and Methods
for the Future, 395
12.5 Conclusion, 397
12.6 Exercises, 398
Bibliography, 398
Index, 401
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| spelling | Samama, Nel 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)135627869 aut Global positioning technologies and performance Nel Samama Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2008 XVII, 419 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wiley survival guides in engineering and science GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd rswk-swf Galileo Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4786376-6 gnd rswk-swf Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4202846-2 gnd rswk-swf GLONASS (DE-588)4600234-0 gnd rswk-swf Ortung (DE-588)4172896-8 gnd rswk-swf Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4202846-2 s Ortung (DE-588)4172896-8 s DE-188 GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 s GLONASS (DE-588)4600234-0 s Galileo Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4786376-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022211907&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Samama, Nel 1963- Global positioning technologies and performance GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd Galileo Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4786376-6 gnd Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4202846-2 gnd GLONASS (DE-588)4600234-0 gnd Ortung (DE-588)4172896-8 gnd |
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| title | Global positioning technologies and performance |
| title_auth | Global positioning technologies and performance |
| title_exact_search | Global positioning technologies and performance |
| title_full | Global positioning technologies and performance Nel Samama |
| title_fullStr | Global positioning technologies and performance Nel Samama |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global positioning technologies and performance Nel Samama |
| title_short | Global positioning |
| title_sort | global positioning technologies and performance |
| title_sub | technologies and performance |
| topic | GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd Galileo Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4786376-6 gnd Satellitennavigation (DE-588)4202846-2 gnd GLONASS (DE-588)4600234-0 gnd Ortung (DE-588)4172896-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | GPS Galileo Satellitennavigation Satellitennavigation GLONASS Ortung |
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