Hair growth and disorders: with 85 tables
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| Other Authors: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2008
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXVI, 564 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9783540469087 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Hair growth and disorders |b with 85 tables |c Ulrike Blume-Peytavi ... (eds.) |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 564 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| _version_ | 1804145229675102208 |
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| adam_text | 1 Biology of the Hair Follicle 1
Annika Vogt, Kevin ]. McElwee,
Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 History 1
1.3 Hair Follicle Morphogenesis 2
1.4 Molecular Mediation of Hair Follicle
Morphogenesis 3
1.5 Anatomy of the Mature
Pilosebaceous Unit 5
1.6 Hair Fiber Properties 6
1.7 Hair Follicle Types 9
1.7.1 Lanugo Hair 9
1.7.2 VellusHair 9
1.7.3 Intermediate Hair 10
1.7.4 Terminal Hair 10
1.8 Hair Cycling 10
1.8.1 Anagen 11
1.8.2 Catagen 12
1.8.3 Telogen 12
1.8.4 Exogen 12
1.8.5 Kenogen 12
1.8.6 Duration of the Hair Cycle 12
1.8.7 Hair Growth and Cycle Regulation
Potential of the Dermal Papilla .... 13
1.8.8 Developmental Pathways,
Cytokines, Growth Factors,
and Neuroendocrine Factors 13
1.9 Hair Growth Changes with Age 14
1.10 Specialized Hair Follicle
Compartments 15
1.10.1 Stem Cells 15
1.10.2 Immunology 16
1.10.3 Neuroimmunological
and Neuroendocrine Interactions 17
1.10.4 Melanocytes 17
1.11 Experimental Techniques 17
1.12 Clinical Relevance 18
1.13 Outlook - Future Developments ... 19
Summary for the Clinician 19
2 The Endocrine Control
of the Hair Follicle 23
Valerie A. Randall
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 History 24
2.3 Structure and Function of Hair
Follicles 25
2.3.1 Function 25
2.3.2 Changing the Type of Hair
by the Hair Follicle Growth Cycle .. 27
2.4 Endocrine Regulation of Seasonal
Changes in Hair Growth 27
2.4.1 Animals 27
2.4.2 Seasonal Variations in Human
Hair Growth 28
2.5 Hormonal Regulation of Human
Hair Growth 28
2.5.1 Effects of Pregnancy 28
2.5.2 The Paradoxical Effects of
Androgens on Human
Hair Follicles 28
2.5.3 How Do Androgens Carry Out
These Changes? 31
2.5.3.1 Current Model for the Action
of Androgens in Hair Follicles 31
2.5.3.2 Mechanism of Androgen Action
in Hair Follicles 32
2.5.4 Support for the Dermal Papilla-
Based Model of Androgen Action .. 33
2.5.5 Paracrine Factors in Mesenchymal-
Epithelial Interactions in Androgen-
Regulated Hair Follicles 33
2.5.6 Experimental Techniques 35
2.6 Clinical Relevance and Conclusions,
Outlook - Future Developments .. 36
Summary for the Clinician 36
3 Neuroimmunology
of the Hair Follicle 41
Eva M. J. Peters,
Vladimir A. Botchkarev
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 History 42
3.3 Neuro-Immuno-Epithelial
Interactions in Normal
and Pathological Hair Growth 42
3.4 Structure and Function of HF
Innervation 43
3.5 Neuroimmune Regulatory Network
Around Normal HFs 44
3.6 Neuroimmune Interactions
in Stress-Mediated Hair Growth
Inhibition 45
3.7 Neuroimmunological Interactions
in Autoimmune Hair Loss 46
3.8 Experimental Techniques 47
3.9 Clinical Relevance 47
3.10 Outlook - Future Developments ... 48
Summary for the Clinician 48
4 Biology of Hair Follicle
Pigmentation 51
Desmond]. Tobin
4.1 Introduction 52
4.2 History 53
4.3 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments ... 53
4.3.1 Origin and Development of the Hair
Follicle Pigmentary Unit 53
4.3.2 Comparative Biology of Epidermal
and Hair Follicle Melanocytes 54
4.3.3 The Fate of Hair Follicle
Melanocytes During
the Hair Growth Cycle 55
4.3.4 Regulation of Pigmentation
in the Hair Follicle 60
4.3.5 Aging of the Follicle Melanocytes
and Hair Graying (Canities) 61
4.3.5.1 Histopathology of Canities 62
4.3.5.2 Impact of Melanocyte Loss
on the Hair Follicle 64
4.3.5.3 Spontaneous Re-Pigmentation
of Hair in Canities 64
4.4 Clinical Relevance
of Hair Pigmentation 64
4.4.1 Disorders Affecting the Hair Follicle
Pigmentary Unit 66
4.4.1.1 Alopecia Areata 66
4.4.1.2 Vitiligo 66
4.4.1.3 Circumscribed Poliosis 66
4.4.1.4 Genetic Poliosis 67
4.5 Experimental Techniques 67
4.5.1 Hair Follicle Melanocyte Culture .. 67
4.5.2 Whole-Organ Hair follicle
Ex Vivo Culture 67
4.5.3 Delivery of Agents to the Hair
Follicle 69
4.6 Outlook - Future Developments ... 69
4.6.1 Is Canities Reversible? 69
Summary for the Clinician 71
5 Hair Follicle Vascularization
and Innervation 75
Maria Hordinsky, Mama Ericson
5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 History 76
5.3 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments ... 76
5.3.1 Substance P 77
5.3.2 Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ... 78
5.3.3 Neurotrophins 78
5.4 Nerves, Blood Vessels,
and Lymphatic Capillares 78
5.5 Experimental Techniques 78
5.5.1 Alopecia Areata Mouse Model/
Other Animal Models 78
5.5.2 Hair Follicle Stem Cells
and Regenerative Medicine 78
5.5.3 Topical Capsaicin 79
5.5.4 Botulinum Toxin A 79
5.5.5 Topical Neurotrophic Agents 79
5.5.6 Neurometer 80
5.6 Clinical Relevance 80
5.7 Outlook - Future Developments ... 80
Summary for the Clinician 81
6 Molecular Genetics
of Human Hair Diseases 85
Yutaka Shimomura,
Abraham Zlotogorski,
Angela M. Christiano
6.1 Introduction 86
6.2 History 87
6.2.1 Eda-Al/Edar/Edaradd/NF-KB
Signaling 87
6.2.1.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments ... 87
6.2.1.2 Experimental Techniques 88
6.2.1.3 Clinical Relevance 88
6.3 Hairless 88
6.3.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 88
6.3.2 Experimental Techniques 89
6.3.3 Clinical Relevance 89
6.4 FOXN1 and Hair Keratins 90
6.4.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 90
6.4.2 Experimental Techniques 90
6.4.3 Clinical Relevance 90
6.5 Classical Cadherins 91
6.5.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 91
6.5.2 Experimental Techniques 92
6.5.3 Clinical Relevance 92
6.6 Desmosomal Cadherins 92
6.6.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 92
6.6.2 Experimental Techniques 94
6.6.3 Clinical Relevance 94
6.7 Plakophilin 1 94
6.7.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 94
6.7.2 Experimental Techniques 94
6.7.3 Clinical Relevance 94
6.8 Plakoglobin and Desmoplakin ... 94
6.8.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 94
6.8.2 Experimental Techniques 95
6.8.3 Clinical Relevance 95
6.9 Corneodesmosin 96
6.9.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 96
6.9.2 Experimental Techniques 96
6.9.3 Clinical Relevance 96
6.10 Gap Junction Proteins 96
6.10.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 96
6.10.2 Experimental Techniques 97
6.10.3 Clinical Relevance 97
6.11 LipaseH 98
6.11.1 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 98
6.11.2 Experimental Techniques 98
6.11.3 Clinical Relevance 98
6.12 P2RY5 100
6.13 Outlook - Future Developments .. 100
Summary for the Clinician 100
7 Histology of the Human
Hair Follicle 107
David A. Whiting
7.1 Introduction 108
7.2 History 108
7.3 Structure and Function 108
7.4 Normal Hair Growth Cycle 108
7.5 Biopsies of Human Scalp 109
7.5.1 Vertical Section 109
7.5.2 Horizontal Section 109
7.6 Follicular Anatomy 109
7.6.1 Terminal Anagen Hair 109
7.6.2 Hair Bulb 109
7.6.3 Isthmus 114
7.6.4 Follicular Units 114
7.6.5 Vellus Hairs 114
7.6.6 Catagen and Telogen Phase 114
7.6.6.1 Terminal Catagen Hair 114
7.6.6.2 Terminal Telogen Hair 119
7.6.7 Follicular Counts and Image
Analysis 121
7.7 Experimental Techniques 121
7.8 Clinical Relevance 122
7.9 Outlook - Future Developments .. 122
Summary for the Clinician 122
8 Hair Growth Assessment
Techniques 125
Ulrike tilume-Pcytuvi, Kathrin
Hillmann, Marcella Cuurrera
8.1 Introduction 126
8.2 History 126
8.3 Hair Measurement Scores 127
8.3.1 Scalp Hair Distribution 127
8.3.2 Body Hair Distribution 127
8.3.2.1 Ferriman and Gallwey Score 129
8.4 Hair Growth 130
8.4.1 Hair Pull Test 130
8.4.1.1 Introduction 130
8.4.1.2 Technology 130
8.4.2 Wash Test (Modified) 132
8.4.2.1 Introduction 132
8.4.2.2 Technology 132
8.4.3 Hair Weighing 132
8.4.3.1 Introduction 132
8.4.3.2 Technology 132
8.4.4 Global Photographs 133
8.4.4.1 Introduction 133
8.4.4.2 Technology 134
8.4.5 Unit Area Trichogram 134
8.4.5.1 Introduction 134
8.4.5.2 Technology 134
8.4.6 Trichogram 135
8.4.6.1 Introduction 135
8.4.6.2 Technology 135
8.4.7 Phototrichogram (PTG) 136
8.4.7.1 Conventional and Contrast-
Enhanced (CE) PTG 137
8.4.7.2 Automated PTG: TrichoScan 138
8.4.8 Videodermoscopy 140
8.4.8.1 Introduction 140
8.4.8.2 Technology 141
8.5 Structural and Functional
Investigation 142
8.5.1 Mechanical Test of Hair Quality
(Elasticity, Strength, Fragility) .... 142
8.5.1.1 Introduction 142
8.5.1.2 Mechanical Properties 142
8.5.1.3 Technique 142
8.5.2 Optical Light
and Polarizing Microscopy 142
8.5.2.1 Introduction 142
8.5.2.2 History 142
8.5.2.3 Technology 142
8.5.3 Confocal Laser Scanning
Microscopy (CLSM) 143
8.5.3.1 Introduction 143
8.5.3.2 Technology 144
8.5.4 Electron Microscopy 144
8.5.4.1 Introduction 144
8.5.4.2 Technology 146
8.5.5 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 146
8.5.5.1 Introduction 146
8.5.5.2 Indication 146
8.5.5.3 Technical Procedure 146
8.5.5.4 Complications 146
8.5.5.5 Combination Possibilities
and Practical Advice 146
8.5.6 Optical Coherence Tomography .. 148
8.5.6.1 Introduction 148
8.5.6.2 Technology 148
8.5.7 Hair Analysis Methods 148
8.5.7.1 Introduction 148
8.5.7.2 Technology 149
8.5.8 Scalp Biopsy 151
8.5.8.1 Introduction 151
8.5.8.2 Technology 151
8.5.8.3 Horizontal sectioning 152
8.5.8.4 Vertical Sectioning 153
Summary for the Clinician 154
9 Male Androgenetic Alopecia 159
Andrew Messenger
9.1 Introduction 160
9.2 History 160
9.3 Aetiology 161
9.3.1 Androgens 161
9.3.2 Genetics 161
9.3.3 Age 162
9.4 Clinical Features 163
9.4.1 Prevalence 164
9.5 Pathophysiology of Male Balding 164
9.5.1 Histopathology 165
9.6 Psychosocial Effects
of Male Balding 165
9.7 Associated Pathologies 165
9.7.1 Coronary Heart Disease 165
9.7.2 Prostate Cancer 165
9.8 Management 166
9.8.1 Counselling 166
9.8.2 Medical Treatments 166
9.8.2.1 Minoxidil 166
9.8.2.2 Finasteride 167
9.8.2.3 Minoxidil versus Finasteride 167
9.8.3 Surgery 167
9.8.4 Cosmetics 168
Summary for the Clinician 168
10 Female Pattern Hair Loss 171
Elise A. Olsen
10.1 Introduction 172
10.2 History 172
10.3 Epidemiology 173
10.4 Pathophysiology 173
10.4.1 Androgens 173
10.4.2 Estrogens 175
10.4.3 Genetics 176
10.5 Clinical Features 176
10.6 Histopathology 177
10.7 Differential Diagnosis 177
10.8 Evaluation 178
10.9 Medical Treatment 179
10.9.1 Topical Minoxidil 179
10.9.2 Antiandrogens 180
10.9.3 Spironolactone 180
10.9.4 Flutamide 181
10.9.5 Cyproterone Acetate 181
10.9.6 Other Antiandrogens 182
10.9.7 5ct-Reductase Inhibitors 182
10.9.8 Estrogens 182
10.9.9 Estrogen Receptor Antagonist .... 182
10.9.10 Melatonin 182
10.10 Surgical Treatment 183
Summary for the Clinician 183
11 Primary Cicatricial Alopecia 187
Elizabeth Katrina Ross, Jerry Shapiro
11.1 Approach to the Patient with
Cicatricial Alopecia 189
11.2 Classification 189
11.3 Lymphocytic Disorders 189
11.3.1 Lichen Planopilaris 189
11.3.1.1 Classic Lichen Planopilaris 190
11.3.2 Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia 193
11.3.2.1 History 193
11.3.2.2 Epidemiology 193
11.3.2.3 Pathogenesis 193
11.3.2.4 Clinical Features 193
11.3.2.5 Pathology 194
11.3.2.6 Differential Diagnosis 194
11.3.2.7 Treatment 194
11.3.3 Piccardi-Lassueur-Graham
Little Syndrome 195
11.3.3.1 History 195
11.3.3.2 Epidemiology 195
11.3.3.3 Pathogenesis 195
11.3.3.4 Clinical Features 195
11.3.3.5 Pathology 195
11.3.3.6 Differential Diagnosis 195
11.3.3.7 Treatment 195
11.3.4 Fibrosing Alopecia
in a Pattern Distribution 195
11.3.5 Pseudopelade of Brocq 196
11.3.5.1 History 196
11.3.5.2 Epidemiology 196
11.3.5.3 Pathogenesis 197
11.3.5.4 Clinical Features 197
11.3.5.5 Pathology 198
11.3.5.6 Differential Diagnosis 198
11.3.5.7 Treatment 198
11.3.6 Central Centrifugal Cicatricial
Alopecia 198
11.3.6.1 History 198
11.3.6.2 Epidemiology 199
11.3.6.3 Pathogenesis 199
11.3.6.4 Clinical Features 199
11.3.6.5 Pathology 199
11.3.6.6 Differential Diagnosis 199
11.3.6.7 Treatment 200
11.3.7 Alopecia Mucinosa 200
11.3.7.1 History 200
11.3.7.2 Epidemiology 200
11.3.7.3 Pathogenesis 200
11.3.7.4 Clinical Features 201
11.3.7.5 Differential Diagnosis 201
11.3.7.6 Pathology 201
11.3.7.7 Treatment 202
11.3.8 Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa
Decalvans (KFSD) 202
11.3.8.1 History 202
11.3.8.2 Epidemiology 203
11.3.8.3 Pathogenesis 203
11.3.8.4 Clinical Features 203
11.3.8.5 Differential Diagnosis 204
11.3.8.6 Pathology 204
11.3.8.7 Treatment 204
11.3.9 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus 205
11.3.9.1 History 205
11.3.9.2 Epidemiology 205
11.3.9.3 Pathogenesis 205
11.3.9.4 Clinical Features 205
11.3.9.5 Pathology 206
11.3.9.6 Differential Diagnosis 207
11.3.9.7 Treatment 207
11.4 Neutrophilic Disorders 208
11.4.1 Folliculitis Decalvans 208
11.4.1.1 History 208
11.4.1.2 Epidemiology 208
11.4.1.3 Pathogenesis 208
11.4.1.4 Clinical Features 208
11.4.1.5 Pathology 208
11.4.1.6 Differential Diagnosis 209
11.4.1.7 Treatment 209
11.4.2 Perifolliculitis Abscedens
etSuffodiens 211
11.4.2.1 History 211
11.4.2.2 Epidemiology 211
11.4.2.3 Pathogenesis 211
11.4.2.4 Clinical Features 212
11.4.2.5 Pathology 213
11.4.2.6 Differential Diagnosis 213
11.4.2.7 Treatment 213
11.5 Mixed Cicatricial Alopecia 214
11.5.1 Acne Keloidalis 214
11.5.1.1 History 214
11.5.1.2 Epidemiology 214
11.5.1.3 Pathogenesis 214
11.5.1.4 Clinical Features 215
11.5.1.5 Pathology 215
11.5.1.6 Differential Diagnosis 215
11.5.1.7 Treatment 215
11.5.2 Acne Necrotica 216
11.5.2.1 History 217
11.5.2.2 Epidemiology 217
11.5.2.3 Pathogenesis 217
11.5.2.4 Clinical Features 217
11.5.2.5 Pathology 217
11.5.2.6 Differential Diagnosis 217
11.5.2.7 Treatment 217
11.5.3 Erosive Pustular Dermatosis 218
11.5.3.1 History 218
11.5.3.2 Epidemiology 218
11.5.3.3 Pathogenesis 218
11.5.3.4 Clinical Features 218
11.5.3.5 Pathology 219
11.5.3.6 Differential Diagnosis 219
11.5.3.7 Treatment 219
11.6 Surgical Correction of Burnt-Out
Cicatricial Alopecia 219
11.7 General Measures for Management
of Cicatricial Alopecia 219
Summary for the Clinician 220
12 Secondary Cicatricial
and other Permanent Alopecias 227
Andreas M. Firmer, Jerry Shapiro
12.1 Introduction 228
12.2 Genodermatoses and Developmental
Defects with Alopecia 230
12.2.1 Ectodermal Dysplasias 230
12.2.2 Aplasia Cutis Congenita 230
12.2.2.1 Introduction 230
12.2.2.2 History 231
12.2.2.3 Epidemiology 231
12.2.2.4 Pathogenesis 231
12.2.2.5 Clinical Features 231
12.2.2.6 Pathology 231
12.2.2.7 Differential Diagnosis 231
12.2.2.8 Treatment 232
12.2.3 Incontinentia Pigmenti 232
12.2.3.1 Introduction 232
12.2.3.2 History 232
12.2.3.3 Epidemiology 232
12.2.3.4 Pathogenesis 232
12.2.3.5 Clinical Features 232
12.2.3.6 Treatment 232
12.2.4 Ichthyosis 233
12.2.4.1 Introduction 233
12.2.4.2 Epidemiology 233
12.2.4.3 Pathogenesis 233
12.2.4.4 Clinical Features 233
12.2.4.5 Treatment 233
12.2.5 X-Chromosomal Chondrodysplasia
Punctata 234
12.2.6 Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa
(EB) ... 234
12.2.6.1 Introduction 235
12.2.6.2 Epidemiology 235
12.2.6.3 Pathogenesis 235
12.2.6.4 Clinical Features 235
12.2.6.5 Pathology 235
12.2.6.6 Differential Diagnosis 235
12.2.6.7 Treatment 235
12.2.7 PorokeratosisofMibelli 235
12.2.8 Meningoceles 236
12.2.9 Generalized Hamartoma 236
12.2.10 True Epidermal
and Organoid Epidermal Nevi ... 236
12.2.10.1 Introduction 236
12.2.10.2 Epidemiology 236
12.2.10.3 Pathogenesis 236
12.2.10.4 Clinical Features 236
12.2.10.5 Pathology 237
12.2.10.6 Differential Diagnosis 237
12.2.10.7 Treatment 237
12.2.11 Vascular Malformations 237
12.2.12 Dyskeratosis Follicularis 237
12.2.13 Fibrodysplasias 238
12.3 Physical and Chemical Injury 238
12.3.1 Mechanical Trauma 238
12.3.1.1 Introduction 238
12.3.1.2 Epidemiology 238
12.3.1.3 Pathogenesis 238
12.3.1.4 Clinical Features 238
12.3.1.5 Pathology 238
12.3.1.6 Prophylaxis 239
12.3.2 Burns 239
12.3.2.1 Introduction 239
12.3.2.2 Treatment 239
12.3.3 Freezing 239
12.3.4 Chemical Injury 240
12.3.4.1 Introduction 240
12.3.4.2 Clinical Features 240
12.3.4.3 Treatment 240
12.3.5 Scratching 240
12.3.6 Insect Bites 240
12.3.7 Radiation 240
12.3.7.1 Introduction 240
12.3.7.2 History 241
12.3.7.3 Clinical Features 241
12.3.7.4 Pathology 242
12.3.7.5 Treatment 242
12.4 Infections 242
12.4.1 Bacterial 242
12.4.1.1 Carbuncle 242
12.4.1.2 Leprosy 242
12.4.1.3 Tertiary Syphilis 242
12.4.1.4 Cutaneous Tuberculosis 242
12.4.2 Viral 242
12.4.2.1 Zoster and Varicella 242
12.4.3 Fungal 243
12.4.3.1 Tinea Capitis 243
12.5 Inflammatory Dermatoses 246
12.5.1 Psoriasis 246
12.5.2 Pityriasis Amiantacea 246
12.5.3 Giant Cell Arteritis 246
12.5.4 Pyoderma Gangrenosum 247
12.5.5 Graft-Versus-Host Disease
(GVHD) 247
12.5.6 Morphea and Facial Hemiatrophy 248
12.5.6.1 Introduction 248
12.5.6.2 Epidemiology 248
12.5.6.3 Pathogenesis 249
12.5.6.4 Clinical Features 249
12.5.6.5 Pathology 250
12.5.6.6 Differential Diagnosis 250
12.5.6.7 Treatment 250
12.5.7 Lichen Sclerosus and Atrophicus 250
12.5.8 Cicatricial Pemphigoid 250
12.5.9 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda 251
12.5.9.1 Introduction 251
12.5.9.2 Epidemiology 251
12.5.9.3 Pathogenesis 251
12.5.9.4 Clinical Features 251
12.5.9.5 Pathology 251
12.5.9.6 Treatment 251
12.5.10 Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita .. 251
12.5.11 Sarcoidosis 251
12.5.11.1 Introduction 252
12.5.11.2 History 252
12.5.11.3 Epidemiology 252
12.5.11.4 Pathogenesis 252
12.5.11.5 Clinical Features 252
12.5.11.6 Pathology 252
12.5.11.7 Differential Diagnosis 252
12.5.11.8 Treatment 252
12.6 Drugs 253
12.6.1 Drug-induced Permanent
Hair Loss 253
12.6.1.1 Introduction 253
12.6.1.2 Pathogenesis 253
12.6.1.3 Clinical Features 253
12.6.1.4 Treatment 253
12.7 Neoplasms 253
Summary for the Clinician 253
13 Diffuse Hair Loss 259
Ralph M. Triieb
13.1 Introduction 260
13.2 History 260
13.3 Pathogenesis 260
13.3.1 Hair Follicle Cycling 260
13.3.2 Pathologic Dynamics of Hair Loss 261
13.3.2.1 Dystrophic Anagen Effluvium 261
13.3.2.2 Functional Types of Telogen
Effluvium 261
13.4 Clinical Features 262
13.4.1 Anagen Effluvium 262
13.4.1.1 Dystrophic Anagen Effluvium .... 262
13.4.1.2 Loose Anagen Hair 264
13.4.2 Telogen Effluvium 264
13.4.2.1 Acute Telogen Effluvium 264
13.4.2.2 Chronic Telogen Effluvium 264
13.4.3 Quantitating Hair Loss 265
13.5 Differential Diagnosis 268
13.5.1 Androgenetic Alopecia 268
13.5.1.1 Female Pattern Hair Loss 268
13.5.2 Psychogenic Pseudoeffluvium 268
13.5.2.1 Alopeciaphobia 268
13.5.2.2 Telogen Mania 268
13.5.2.3 Delusion of Alopecia/Body
Dysmorphic Disorder 268
13.5.3 Alopecia Areata 268
13.5.3.1 Diffuse Alopecia Areata 269
13.5.3.2 Chronic Diffuse Alopecia Areata/
Diffuse Alopecia with Stem Cell
Folliculitis 269
13.6 Treatment 269
Summary for the Clinician 270
14 Hair Loss in Children 273
Natalie (larcia Burtels,
Ulrike Hlume-Peytavi
14.1 Hair Shaft Defects Simulating Hair
Loss 276
14.1.1 Trichorrhexis Nodosa Congenita 276
14.1.1.1 Introduction 277
14.1.1.2 History 277
14.1.1.3 F.pidcmiology 278
14.1.1.4 Pathogenesis 278
14.1.1.5 Clinical Features 278
14.1.1.6 Pathology 278
14.1.1.7 Differential Diagnosis 278
14.1.1.8 Treatment 278
14.1.2 Monilethrix 278
14.1.2.1 Introduction 278
14.1.2.2 History 279
14.1.2.3 Epidemiology 279
14.1.2.4 Pathogenesis 279
14.1.2.5 Clinical Features 279
14.1.2.6 Pathology 280
14.1.2.7 Differential Diagnosis 280
14.1.2.8 Treatment 280
14.1.3 Pseudomonilfthrix 280
14.1.3.1 Introduction 280
14.1.3.2 History 280
11.1.3.3 F.pidemiology 281
14.1.3.4 Pathogenesis 281
14.1.3.5 Clinical Features 281
14.1.3.6 Pathology 281
14.1.3.7 Differential Diagnosis 281
14.1.3.8 Treatment 281
14.1.4 PiliTorti 281
14.1.4.1 Introduction 281
14.1.4.2 History 281
14.1.4.3 Fpidemiology 281
14.1.4.4 Pathogenesis 282
14.1.4.5 Clinical Features 282
14.1.4.6 Pathology 282
14.1.4.7 Differential Diagnosis 282
14.1.4.8 Treatment 283
14.1.5 Menkes Disease 283
14.1.5.1 Introduction 283
14.1.5.2 History 283
14.1.5.3 Epidemiology 283
14.1.5.4 Pathogenesis 283
14.1.5.5 Clinical Features 284
14.1.5.6 Pathology 284
14.1.5.7 Differential Diagnosis 284
14.1.5.8 Treatment 284
14.1.6 Netherton Syndrome 284
14.1.6.1 Introduction 284
14.1.6.2 History 284
14.1.6.3 Epidemiology 284
14.1.6.4 Pathogenesis 285
14.1.6.5 Clinical Features 285
14.1.6.6 Pathology 285
14.1.6.7 Differential Diagnosis 286
14.1.6.8 Treatment 286
14.1.7 Trichothiodystrophy 286
14.1.7.1 Introduction 286
14.1.7.2 History 286
14.1.7.3 Epidemiology 286
14.1.7.4 Pathogenesis 286
14.1.7.5 Clinical Features 287
14.1.7.6 Pathology 287
14.1.7.7 Differential Diagnosis 287
14.1.7.8 Treatment 287
14.1.8 Ectodermal Dysplasia 287
14.1.8.1 Introduction 287
14.1.8.2 History 288
14.1.8.3 Epidemiology 288
14.1.8.4 Pathogenesis 288
14.1.8.5 Clinical Features 288
14.1.8.6 Pathology 289
14.1.8.7 Differential Diagnosis 289
14.1.8.8 Treatment 289
14.1.9 Acquired Hair Shaft Defects
with Fractures: Weathering 290
14.1.9.1 Introduction 290
14.1.9.2 History 290
14.1.9.3 Epidemiology 290
14.1.9.4 Pathogenesis 290
14.1.9.5 Clinical Features 290
14.1.9.6 Pathology 290
14.1.9.7 Differential Diagnosis 291
14.1.9.8 Treatment 291
14.2 Localized Hair Loss 291
14.2.1 Non-Scarring Alopecia 291
14.2.1.1 Alopecia Areata 291
14.2.1.2 Tinea Capitis 292
14.2.1.3 Trichotillomania 293
14.2.1.4 Traction Alopecia 294
14.2.1.5 Triangular Alopecia 295
14.2.2 Scarring Alopecia 296
14.2.2.1 Congenital Aplasia Cutis 296
14.3 Diffuse Hair Loss 297
14.3.1 Non-Scarring Alopecia 297
14.3.1.1 Telogen Effluvium 298
14.3.1.2 Alopecia Areata Diffusa,
Totalis or Universalis 299
14.3.1.3 Loose Anagen Hair 299
14.3.1.4 Hypotrichosis Simplex 301
14.3.1.5 Congenital Hypotrichia
Marie Unna 301
14.3.1.6 Atrichia with Papular Lesions 302
14.3.2 Scarring Alopecia 303
14.3.2.1 Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa
Decalvans 303
14.3.2.2 PseudopeladeofBrocq 304
Summary for the Clinician 305
15 Alopecia Areata 311
Pia Freyschmidt-Paul,
Rolf Hoffmann, Kevin J. McElwee
15.1 Introduction 312
15.2 History 312
15.3 Epidemiology 312
15.4 Pathogenesis 312
15.4.1 Genetics 312
15.4.1.1 Rodent Models 313
15.4.1.2 Humans 313
15.4.2 Immunology 315
15.4.2.1 Susceptibility Modifying
and Causal Factors in A A 315
15.4.2.2 Disease Activation Mechanisms
inAA 316
15.4.2.3 Modes of Immune System Action
on Hair Follicles Leading
to Hair Loss 317
15.4.2.4 Modes of Hair Follicle Response
to Immune Activity Leading to Hair
Loss 318
15.5 Clinical Features 320
15.6 Pathology 322
15.7 Differential Diagnosis 322
15.8 Treatment 322
15.8.1 Immunosuppressive Treatments .. 323
15.8.1.1 Corticosteroids 323
15.8.1.2 Topical Corticosteroids 323
15.8.1.3 Intralesional Corticosteroids 324
15.8.1.4 Systemic Corticosteroids 324
15.8.2 Psoralen UV A Therapy 325
15.8.2.1 The 308-nm Excimer Laser 325
15.8.3 Immunomodulatory Treatments .. 325
15.8.3.1 Diphenylcyclopropenone
and Squaric Acid Dibutylester ... 325
15.8.3.2 Treatment 325
15.8.3.3 Side-Effects 325
15.8.3.4 Studies 326
15.8.3.5 Mode of Action 326
15.8.4 Other Treatments 328
15.8.4.1 Irritant Contact
Dermatitis - Anthralin 328
15.8.4.2 Minoxidil 328
15.8.4.3 Biologies 328
Summary for the Clinician 328
16 Hypertrichosis 333
Francisco M. Camacho-Martinez
16.1 Introduction 334
16.2 Clinical Features 334
16.3 Generalized Hypertrichosis 334
16.3.1 Congenital Hypertrichosis
Lanuginosa 334
16.3.1.1 Introduction 334
16.3.1.2 History 334
16.3.1.3 Clinical Features 335
16.3.2 Acquired Hypertrichosis
Lanuginosa 335
16.3.2.1 Introduction 335
16.3.2.2 History 335
16.3.2.3 Clinical Features 335
16.3.2.4 Pathogenesis 336
16.3.3 Universal Hypertrichosis 336
16.3.3.1 Introduction and History 336
16.3.3.2 Clinical Features 336
16.3.4 Prepubertal Hypertrichosis 336
16.4 Localized Hypertrichosis 336
16.4.1 Congenital Localized
Hypertrichosis 336
16.4.1.1 Melanocytic Nevus 336
16.4.1.2 Beckers Nevus 338
16.4.1.3 Nevoid Hypertrichosis 339
16.4.1.4 Spinal Dysraphism 342
16.4.2 Acquired Localized Hypertrichosis 343
16.5 Symptomatic Hypertrichosis 344
16.5.1 Hypertrichosis in Congenital
and Hereditary Diseases 344
16.5.1.1 Lipoatrophy
(Lawrence-Seip Syndrome) 344
16.5.1.2 Cornelia de Lange Syndrome 344
16.5.1.3 Craniofacial Dysostosis 345
16.5.1.4 Winchester Syndrome 345
16.5.1.5 Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome 345
16.5.1.6 Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) ... 345
16.5.1.7 Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa 345
16.5.1.8 Porphyrias 346
16.5.1.9 Osteochondrodysplasia 347
16.5.1.10 Gingival Fibromatosis
(OMIN: 135400) 347
16.5.1.11 Globoid Leukodystrophy
(Krabbe Disease) 347
16.5.1.12 Piebaldism 347
16.5.1.13 Waardenburg s Syndrome 347
16.5.1.14 Hammersehlag-Telfer Syndrome .. 347
16.5.1.15 Districhiasis-Lymphedema
Syndrome 347
16.5.1.16 Oliver-McFarlane s Syndrome
(Trichomegaly Syndrome) 347
16.5.1.17 Itos Type Incontinentia Pigmenti
Achromians 347
16.5.2 Acquired Hypertrichosis 347
16.5.2.1 Symptomatic Porphyria Cutanea
Tarda 348
16.5.2.2 Cerebral Alterations 348
16.5.2.3 Syringomyelia and Other
Neurological Lesions 348
16.5.2.4 Anorexia Nervosa 348
16.5.2.5 Malnutrition 348
16.5.2.6 Acrodynia 348
16.5.2.7 Dermatomyositis 348
16.5.2.8 Hypothyroidism 349
16.5.2.9 Pretibial Myxedema 349
16.5.2.10 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 349
16.5.2.11 POEMS Syndrome 349
16.5.2.12 Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) 349
16.5.3 Iatrogenic Hypertrichosis 349
16.5.3.1 Antibiotics 350
16.5.3.2 Anti-inflammatory Drugs 351
16.5.3.3 Vasodilators 351
16.5.3.4 Diuretics 351
16.5.3.5 Anticonvulsants 351
16.5.3.6 Immunosuppressives 352
16.5.3.7 Psoralens 352
16.5.3.8 Antiseptic Agents 352
16.5.3.9 Chelators 352
16.5.3.10 Anti-glaucoma Agents 353
16.5.3.11 Biologic Response Modifiers 353
16.5.3.12 Paradoxical Hypertrichosis
after Laser Epilation 353
16.6 Treatment of Hypertrichosis 353
Summary for the Clinician 353
17 Hirsutism 357
Francisco M. Camacho-Martinez
17.1 Introduction 358
17.2 Epidemiology 358
17.3 Classification 358
17.4 Clinical Features 359
17.4.1 Constitutional or Dermatological
Hirsutism (SAHA Syndrome) 359
17.4.1.1 Excess Ovarian Androgen Release
Syndrome (Ovarian SAHA
Syndrome) 359
17.4.1.2 Persistent Adrenarche Syndrome
(Adrenal SAHA Syndrome) 359
17.4.1.3 Hyperprolactinemic SAHA
Syndrome 360
17.4.1.4 Familial Hirsutism 360
17.4.1.5 Familial Virilization (SAHA Type
HAIRAN Syndrome) 360
17.4.2 Adrenal Hirsutism 361
17.4.2.1 Non-Tumoral Adrenal Hirsutism 361
17.4.2.2 Tumoral Adrenal Hirsutism 362
17.4.3 Ovarian Hirsutism 362
17.4.3.1 Non-Tumoral Ovarian Hirsutism 362
17.4.3.2 Tumoral Ovarian Hirsutism 364
17.4.4 Pituitary or Hypophyseal
Hirsutism 364
17.4.5 Hepatic Hirsutism 365
17.4.6 Iatrogenic Hirsutism 365
17.4.7 Hirsutism due to Ectopic
Hormones 365
17.4.8 Hirsutism due to the Alteration
of the Peripheral Conversion
of Androgens to Estrogens 365
17.5 Diagnosis of Hirsutism 365
17.6 Treatment of Hirsutism 367
17.6.1 Systemic Treatment 367
17.6.1.1 Constitutional, Adrenal, Ovarian
and Pituitary Hirsutism 367
17.6.1.2 Iatrogenic Hirsutism 373
17.6.1.3 Other Types of Hirsutism 373
17.6.2 Topical Therapy 373
17.6.2.1 Familial Hirsutism 373
17.6.2.2 Hirsutism of SAHA Syndromes
and Hyperandrogenisms 373
17.6.3 Dermato-Cosmetical Therapy 373
17.6.3.1 Chemical and Physical Depilation 373
Summary for the Clinician 374
18 ScalpTumors 379
Antonella Tosti, Massimiliano
Pazzaglia, Bianca Maria Piraccini
18.1 Introduction 380
18.2 Tumors of the Pilosebaceous Unit
on the Scalp [22] 380
18.2.1 Trichoepithelioma 380
18.2.1.1 Treatment Options 380
18.2.2 Pilomatrixoma 380
18.2.2.1 Treatment Options 380
18.3 Sebaceous Nevus 381
18.4 Actinic Keratosis 381
18.4.1 Treatment Options 382
18.5 Basal Cell Carcinoma 382
18.5.1 Treatment Options 382
18.6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 383
18.6.1 Treatment Options 383
18.7 Primary Melanoma of the Scalp ... 383
18.7.1 Lentigo Maligna 384
18.7.2 Desmoplastic Melanoma 384
18.7.3 Treatment Options 384
18.8 Angiosarcoma 384
18.8.1 Treatment Options 384
18.9 Scalp Metastases 384
18.9.1 Scalp Metastases from Lung
Cancer 385
18.9.2 Scalp Metastases from Breast
Cancer 385
18.9.3 Scalp Metastases from Colon
Cancer 385
18.9.4 Scalp Metastases from Gastric
Cancer 385
18.9.5 Scalp Metastases from Renal
Cancer 385
18.9.6 Scalp Metastases from Esophageal
Carcinoma 385
18.9.7 Treatment Options 385
18.10 Metastatic Carcinoma of the Scalp 385
18.10.1 Treatment Options 385
18.11 Lymphomas 386
18.11.1 Non-Hodgkin s Lymphomas 386
18.11.2 Mycosis Fungoides, Follicular
Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary
Syndrome 386
18.11.3 Follicular Mucinosis 386
18.12 Scalp Hemangiomas 387
18.13 Epidermoid Cyst 387
Summary for the Clinician 387
19 Disorders of the Scalp 389
Rodney Sinclair, Yee Jen Tai
19.1 Tinea Capitis 390
19.1.1 Introduction 390
19.1.2 History 390
19.1.3 Epidemiology 390
19.1.4 Pathogenesis 390
19.1.5 Clinical Features 390
19.1.6 Pathology 391
19.1.7 Differential Diagnosis 391
19.1.8 Treatment 391
19.2 Pediculosis Capitis 392
19.2.1 Introduction 392
19.2.2 History 392
19.2.3 Epidemiology 392
19.2.4 Pathogenesis 392
19.2.5 Clinical Features 393
19.2.6 Pathology 393
19.2.7 Differential Diagnosis 393
19.2.8 Treatment 393
19.3 Seborrheic Dermatitis 394
19.3.1 Introduction 394
19.3.2 History 394
19.3.3 Epidemiology 394
19.3.4 Pathogenesis 394
19.3.5 Clinical Features 394
19.3.6 Pathology 395
19.3.7 Differential Diagnosis 395
19.3.8 Treatment 395
19.4 Psoriasis 396
19.4.1 Introduction 396
19.4.2 History 396
19.4.3 Epidemiology 396
19.4.4 Pathogenesis 396
19.4.5 Clinical Features 396
19.4.6 Pathology 397
19.4.7 Differential Diagnosis 397
19.4.8 Treatment 397
19.5 Atopic Dermatitis of the Scalp
and Lichen Simplex Chronicus ... 398
19.5.1 Introduction 398
19.5.2 History 398
19.5.3 Epidemiology 398
19.5.4 Pathogenesis 398
19.5.5 Clinical Features 398
19.5.6 Pathology 399
19.5.7 Differential Diagnosis 399
19.5.8 Treatment 399
19.6 Contact Dermatitis 399
19.6.1 Introduction 399
19.6.2 History 399
19.6.3 Epidemiology 399
19.6.4 Pathogenesis 400
19.6.5 Clinical Features 400
19.6.6 Pathology 400
19.6.7 Differential Diagnosis 400
19.6.8 Treatment 401
19.7 Pustular Conditions of the Scalp .. 401
19.7.1 Introduction 401
19.7.2 History 401
19.7.3 Epidemiology 401
19.7.4 Pathogenesis 401
19.7.5 Clinical Features 401
19.7.6 Pathology 402
19.7.7 Treatment 402
19.8 Pruritus and Burning of the Scalp 402
19.8.1 Introduction 402
19.8.2 Epidemiology 402
19.8.3 Pathogenesis 402
19.8.4 Clinical Features and Differential
Diagnosis 402
19.8.5 Treatment 403
Summary for the Clinician 403
20 Psychocutaneous Disorders
of Hair and Scalp 407
Ralph M. Trueb, Uwe Gieler
20.1 Introduction 408
20.2 History 408
20.3 Epidemiology 409
20.4 Categorizing Psychocutaneous
Disorders 409
20.5 Underlying Psychopathologic
Conditions 410
20.5.1 Psychophysiological Disorders 410
20.5.2 Primary Psychiatric Disorders .... 410
20.5.2.1 Generalized Anxiety Disorder .... 411
20.5.2.2 Depressive Disorder 411
20.5.2.3 Delusional Disorder 411
20.5.2.4 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder .. 412
20.5.3 Cutaneous Sensory Disorders 412
20.5.3.1 Conversion Disorder 412
20.5.3.2 Hypochondriacal Disorder
and Body Dysmorphic Disorder .. 413
20.5.3.3 Somatization Disorder 413
20.5.3.4 Somatoform Pain Disorder 413
20.5.4 Secondary Psychiatric Disorders .. 414
20.6 Dermatologic Presentations 414
20.6.1 Trichotillomania 414
20.6.1.1 Pathogenesis 414
20.6.1.2 Clinical Features 415
20.6.1.3 Differential Diagnosis 415
20.6.1.4 Treatment 416
20.6.1.5 Prognosis 417
20.6.2 Neurotic Scalp Excoriations 417
20.6.2.1 Pathogenesis 417
20.6.2.2 Clinical Features 417
20.6.2.3 Differential Diagnosis 417
20.6.2.4 Treatment 418
20.6.2.5 Prognosis 419
20.6.3 Factitial Dermatitis of the Scalp ... 419
20.6.3.1 Pathogenesis 419
20.6.3.2 Clinical Features 420
20.6.3.3 Differential Diagnosis 420
20.6.3.4 Treatment 420
20.6.3.5 Prognosis 421
20.6.4 Delusions of Parasitosis 421
20.6.4.1 Pathogenesis 421
20.6.4.2 Clinical Features 421
20.6.4.3 Differential Diagnosis 421
20.6.4.4 Treatment 422
20.6.4.5 Prognosis 422
20.6.5 Scalp Dysesthesia 422
20.6.5.1 Pathogenesis 422
20.6.5.2 Clinical Features 422
20.6.5.3 Differential Diagnosis 423
20.6.5.4 Treatment 423
20.6.5.5 Prognosis 423
20.6.6 Psychogenic Pseudoeffluvium 423
20.6.6.1 Pathogenesis 423
20.6.6.2 Clinical Features 423
20.6.6.3 Differential Diagnosis 424
20.6.6.4 Treatment 424
20.6.6.5 Prognosis 425
Summary for the Clinician 425
21 Photoepilation 427
Christine C. Dierickx
21.1 Introduction 428
21.2 History 428
21.3 Technology 428
21.3.1 Mechanisms of Hair Follicle
Destruction 428
21.3.2 Photothermal Destruction 428
21.3.3 Photomechanical Destruction 429
21.3.4 Photochemical Destruction 429
21.4 Treatment Approach 429
21.4.1 Patient History 430
21.4.2 Physical Examination 430
21.4.3 Preoperative Care 431
21.4.3.1 Six Weeks before Laser Treatment 431
21.4.3.2 Day before Laser Treatment 431
21.4.3.3 Day of Treatment 431
21.4.4 Laser and Light Source Selection .. 431
21.4.4.1 Endogenous Chromophore 431
21.4.4.2 Exogenous Chromophore 438
21.4.5 Treatment Technique 439
21.4.6 Post-Operative Considerations ... 439
21.5 Subsequent Treatments 439
21.5.1 Expected Benefits 439
21.5.2 Side-Effects and Managements
of Complications 442
21.6 Future Directions 443
Summary for the Clinician 444
22 Surgical Treatment of Hair Loss 447
Walter P. Unger, Robin H. Unger
22.1 Introduction 448
22.2 History 448
22.3 Technology 448
22.3.1 Planning 448
22.3.1.1 Male Patients 448
22.3.1.2 Female Patients 451
22.3.1.3 The Hairline 452
22.3.1.4 Alopecia Reduction 453
22.3.2 Preoperative Instructions
and Anesthesia 454
22.3.3 The Donor Site 455
22.3.4 Graft Preparation 456
22.3.5 The Recipient Area 457
22.3.5.1 Follicular Unit Hair Transplanting
(FUT) 458
22.3.5.2 FUT Combined with MUGs 459
22.3.5.3 Hair Restoration Surgery
in the Vertex Area 460
22.3.6 Insertion of Grafts 461
22.3.7 Bandaging and Postoperative Care 462
22.3.8 Postoperative Course
and Complications 462
22.3.9 Alopecia Reduction 463
22.3.10 Flap Surgery 463
22.3.11 Cicatricial Alopecia 463
Summary for the Clinician 463
23 Tropical Dermatoses
of the Scalp 467
Mohsen Soliman,
Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr.
23.1 Bacterial Infections of the Scalp ... 467
23.1.1 Pyodermas 467
23.1.1.1 Introduction 468
23.1.1.2 Epidemiology 468
23.1.1.3 Clinical Features 468
23.1.1.4 Differential Diagnosis 469
23.1.1.5 Treatment 469
23.1.2 Tuberculosis Cutis 469
23.1.2.1 Introduction 470
23.1.2.2 Classification of Cutaneous
Tuberculosis 470
23.1.2.3 History 470
23.1.2.4 Epidemiology 470
23.1.2.5 Clinical Features 470
23.1.2.6 Differential Diagnosis 471
23.1.2.7 Pathology 471
23.1.2.8 Treatment 471
23.1.3 Leprosy 472
23.1.3.1 History 472
23.1.3.2 Introduction 472
23.1.3.3 Epidemiology 472
23.1.3.4 Pathogenesis 472
23.1.3.5 Clinical Presentation 472
23.1.3.6 Differential Diagnosis 473
23.1.3.7 Histopathology 473
23.1.3.8 Treatment 473
23.1.4 Syphilis 474
23.1.4.1 Introduction 474
23.1.4.2 History 474
23.1.4.3 Epidemiology 474
23.1.4.4 Pathogenesis 474
23.1.4.5 Laboratory Examination 474
23.1.4.6 Clinical Features 474
23.1.4.7 Treatment 475
23.1.5 Deep Mycosis and Leishmaniosis 475
23.1.5.1 Introduction 476
23.1.5.2 History 476
23.1.5.3 Pathogenesis 476
23.1.5.4 Clinical Features 476
23.1.5.5 Pathology 476
23.1.5.6 Differential Diagnosis 477
23.1.5.7 Treatment 477
23.1.6 Piedras 477
23.1.6.1 White Piedra 477
23.1.6.2 Black Piedra 478
23.2 Nutritional Disorders 479
23.2.1 Pellagra 479
23.2.1.1 Introduction 480
23.2.1.2 Clinical Presentation 480
23.2.1.3 Differential Diagnosis 480
23.2.1.4 Treatment 480
Summary for the Clinician 480
24 African Hair 483
Nonhlanhla P. Khumalo,
Valerie D. Callender
24.1 Introduction 484
24.2 History 484
24.3 Structure and Function/
Pathophysiology/Developments .. 484
24.4 Experimental Techniques 485
24.5 Clinical Relevance 485
24.6 Outlook - Future Developments .. 486
24.7 Dissecting Cellulitis 486
24.7.1 Introduction 486
24.7.2 History 486
24.7.3 Epidemiology 487
24.7.4 Pathogenesis 487
24.7.5 Clinical Features 487
24.7.6 Pathology 487
24.7.7 Differential Diagnosis 488
24.7.8 Treatment 488
24.8 Acne Keloidalis Nuchae 488
24.8.1 Introduction 488
24.8.2 History 488
24.8.3 Epidemiology 488
24.8.4 Pathogenesis 489
24.8.5 Clinical Features 489
24.8.6 Pathology 489
24.8.7 Differential Diagnosis 490
24.8.8 Treatment 490
24.9 Central Centrifugal Cicatricial
Alopecia 490
24.9.1 Introduction 490
24.9.2 History 490
24.9.3 Epidemiology 491
24.9.4 Pathogenesis 491
24.9.5 Clinical Features 491
24.9.6 Pathology 491
24.9.7 Differential Diagnosis 491
24.9.8 Treatment 491
24.10 Traction Alopecia 492
24.10.1 Introduction 492
24.10.2 History 492
24.10.3 Epidemiology 492
24.10.4 Pathogenesis 492
24.10.5 Clinical Features 492
24.10.6 Pathology 492
24.10.7 Differential Diagnosis 492
24.10.8 Treatment 493
24.11 Pseudofolliculitis Barbae 493
24.11.1 Introduction 494
24.11.2 History 494
24.11.3 Epidemiology 494
24.11.4 Pathogenesis 494
24.11.5 Clinical Features 494
24.11.6 Pathology 494
24.11.7 Differential Diagnosis 494
24.11.8 Treatment 494
Summary for the Clinician 495
25 Hair Cosmetics 499
Zoe Diana Draelos
25.1 Introduction 500
25.2 Shampoos 500
25.2.1 History 500
25.2.2 Technology 500
25.2.3 Anionic Detergents 500
25.2.4 Nonionic Detergents 502
25.2.5 Amphoteric Detergents 502
25.3 Conditioners 502
25.3.1 History 502
25.3.2 Technology 503
25.4 Styling Aids 503
25.4.1 Technology 503
25.4.1.1 Spray 503
25.4.1.2 Gel 504
25.4.1.3 Wax 504
25.4.1.4 Mousse 504
25.4.1.5 Pomade 505
25.4.1.6 Brilliantine 505
25.4.1.7 Oil Sheen Spray 505
25.4.1.8 Gel Curl Activator 505
25.5 Dyeing 505
25.5.1 History 505
25.5.2 Technology 505
25.5.3 Gradual 506
25.5.4 Temporary 507
25.5.5 Semipermanent 507
25.5.6 Permanent 507
25.6 Permanent Waving 508
25.6.1 History 508
25.6.2 Technology 508
25.6.3 Alkaline Permanent Waves 509
25.6.4 Buffered Alkaline Permanent
Waves 510
25.6.5 Exothermic Permanent Waves 510
25.6.6 Self-Regulated Permanent Waves 510
25.6.7 Acid Permanent Waves 510
25.6.8 Sulfite Permanent Waves 510
25.7 Permanent Hair Straightening 510
25.7.1 History 510
25.7.2 Technology 511
Summary for the Clinician 512
26 Natural Products for Hair
Care and Treatment 515
Wilma F. Bergfeld, F. Alan Andersen
26A Natural Products for Hair Care
and Treatment 516
26.2 Important Natural Ingredients
that Possibly Promote
Hair Growth 518
26.2.1 Hair Promoters 518
26.2.1.1 Asiasari 518
26.2.1.2 Proanthocyanidins 518
26.2.1.3 GinkgoBiloba 518
26.2.1.4 Aloe 518
26.2.1.5 Proteins 519
26.2.1.6 Bergamot 519
26.2.1.7 Chinese Herb 519
26.2.1.8 Ginseng 519
26.2.1.9 Henna 519
26.2.1.10 Hibiscus Extract 519
26.2.1.11 Hydrangea 519
26.2.1.12 Illicium 520
26.2.1.13 Sorphora 520
26.3 Natural Hair Growth Promoters
with DHT Inhibitory Activity .... 520
26.3.1 Natural Fatty Acids with DHT
Inhibition 520
26.3.2 Saw Palmetto 520
26.4 Natural Ingredients that Retard
Hair Growth 520
26.5 Natural Hair Conditioning -
Repair of Damaged Hair 520
26.5.1 Oligosaccharides 521
26.6 Natural Hair Color 521
26.6.1 Henna 521
26.7 Natural Ingredients for the
Treatment of Seborrheic
Dermatitis 521
26.7.1 Sage 521
26.7.2 Rosemary 521
26.7.3 Thyme 522
26.7.4 Garlic 522
26.7.5 Walnut 522
26.7.6 Tea Tree Oil 522
26.8 Natural Ingredients
for the Treatment of Lice 522
26.9 Contact Dermatitis 522
Summary for the Clinician 523
27 Hair over the Ages and in Art -
The Culture, and Social History
of Hair and its Depiction in Art .. 525
Norbert Haas
27.1 Introduction 525
27.2 Ancient World 525
27.3 Hairstyles in Greek
and Roman Antiquity 526
27.4 The Middle Ages
in the Western World 529
27.5 Renaissance Europe 531
27.6 The Wig s Century 532
27.7 From the Nineteenth
to the Twenty-First Century 533
27.8 Hairstyles in Non-European
Cultures 534
27.9 Conclusion 536
28 Hair in Forensic Medicine 539
Bianca Maria Piraccini,
Massimiliano Pazzaglia,
Antonella Tosti
28.1 Introduction 539
28.2 History 540
28.3 Pathophysiology of Incorporation
of Substances into Hair 540
28.4 Techniques of Analysis [8, 9] 541
28.4.1 Hair Sampling 541
28.4.2 Decontamination, Extraction,
and Detection 541
28.5 Clinical Interpretation 541
28.6 Purposes of Hair Analysis 541
28.6.1 Forensic Investigations 541
28.6.1.1 Drug Abuse and Poisoning 541
28.6.1.2 Rape Cases 541
28.6.2 Doping Controls 541
28.6.3 Occupational Medicine 541
28.6.4 Prenatal Exposure 542
28.6.5 Patients Compliance to Drug
Prescription 542
28.7 Future Developments 542
Summary for the Clinician 542
Subject Index 543
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike |
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| author_facet | Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV026627274 |
| classification_rvk | WW 5039 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)244063994 (DE-599)DNB985089229 |
| dewey-full | 616.546 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 616 - Diseases |
| dewey-raw | 616.546 |
| dewey-search | 616.546 |
| dewey-sort | 3616.546 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Biologie Medizin |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV026627274 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:16:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540469087 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022180041 |
| oclc_num | 244063994 |
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| owner_facet | DE-578 DE-11 |
| physical | XXVI, 564 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| publisher | Springer |
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| spelling | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables Ulrike Blume-Peytavi ... (eds.) 1. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008 XXVI, 564 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Haarkrankheit (DE-588)4128071-4 gnd rswk-swf Haarwuchs (DE-588)7527331-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Haarwuchs (DE-588)7527331-7 s DE-604 Haarkrankheit (DE-588)4128071-4 s Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike (DE-588)112662714 edt HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022180041&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables Haarkrankheit (DE-588)4128071-4 gnd Haarwuchs (DE-588)7527331-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128071-4 (DE-588)7527331-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables |
| title_auth | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables |
| title_exact_search | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables |
| title_full | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables Ulrike Blume-Peytavi ... (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables Ulrike Blume-Peytavi ... (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hair growth and disorders with 85 tables Ulrike Blume-Peytavi ... (eds.) |
| title_short | Hair growth and disorders |
| title_sort | hair growth and disorders with 85 tables |
| title_sub | with 85 tables |
| topic | Haarkrankheit (DE-588)4128071-4 gnd Haarwuchs (DE-588)7527331-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Haarkrankheit Haarwuchs Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022180041&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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