WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Paris
OIE
2005
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 101 - 139 |
| Physical Description: | XII, 139 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9290446560 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis |c ed.: K. D. Murrell |
| 264 | 1 | |a Paris |b OIE |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 139 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 101 - 139 | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Cysticercosis |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Taeniasis |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Disease Prevention |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Disease Surveys |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Disease Control |2 cabt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Murrell, K. D. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 710 | 2 | |a FAO |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)2010460-1 |4 oth | |
| 710 | 2 | |a International Office of Epizootics |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)2035386-8 |4 oth | |
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Contents
CONTENTS
Foreword I
authors Ill
Contents V
Introduction XI
CHAPTER 1: BIOLOGY OF TAENIA SOLJUM, TAENIA SAGINATA AND TAENIA
SAGINATA ASIÁTICA 1
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Morphology 1
1.2. life cycles 5
1.3. Systematics 7
1.4. Host immune responses 8
CHAPTER 2: CLINICAL CYSTICERCOSIS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 11
2. Introduction 11
2.2. Natural history and disease 12
2.2.1. Correlation of imaging and pathology 12
2.2.2. Chronic (inactive) cysticercosis associated with brain calcifications 13
2.2.3. Patterns of presentation and type of involvement 14
2.2.3.1. Solitary cysticercus granuloma 14
2.2.3.2. Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis 14
2.2.3.3. Massive infection 15
2.2.3.4. Involvement of other organs 15
2.3. Diagnosis 15
2.3.1. Overall assessment and available diagnostic tools 15
2.3.2. Diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis 17
2.3.2.1. Introduction 17
2.3.2.2. Definition of diagnostic criteria 17
2.3.2.3. Degrees of diagnostic certainty 20
2.4. Treatment of neurocysticercosis 20
2.4.1. Introduction 20
2.4.2. Symptomatic medication 21
2.4.3. Anthelminthic medications-indications and use 22
2.4.4. Management in field conditions 24
2.4.5. Screening and treatment of tapeworms 24
CHAPTER 3: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TAENIOSIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS 27
3. Introduction 27
3.1. Global distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis 27
3.1.1. Africa 27
3.1.2. Latin America 29
3.1.3. Europe 30
3.1.4. Asia 31
3.1.5. United States of America: The impact of immigration and travel 32
3.2. Global distribution and occurrence of taeniosis/cysticercosis due to Taenia saginata 33
WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Taeniosis/Cysticercosis V
Contents
3.2.1. Taeniosis 33
3.2.2. Bovine cysticercosis 33
3.3. Global distribution and occurrence of Taenia saginata asiática (Asian Taenia) 33
3.4. Factors affecting transmission of taeniid cestodes 33
3.4.1. Taenia solium 34
3.4.1.1. Transmission from pigs to humans 34
3.4.1.2. Transmission from humans to pigs 34
3.4.1.3. Person to person transmission 35
3.4.2. Taenia saginata 35
3.4.2.1. Transmission from cattle to humans 35
3.4.2.2. Transmission from humans to cattle 36
3.4.3. Extrinsic factors affecting taeniid egg survival and dispersal 37
3.4.3.1. Egg output 37
3.4.3.2. Egg dispersal agents 37
3.4.3.3. Factors affecting egg viability and survival 39
3.4.4. Intrinsic factors affecting transmission 40
3.4.4.1. Immunological mechanisms 40
3.4.5. The role of livestock management in transmission 42
3.5. Summary of risk factors for taeniosis and cysticercosis 42
3.5.1. Taenia solium 42
3.5.2. Taenia saginata 43
3.5.3. Taenia saginata asiática 43
CHAPTER 4: DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS 45
4. Introduction 45
4.1. Diagnosis of taeniosis 45
4.1.1. Diagnosis based on morphological criteria 45
4.1.2. Differentiation based on enzyme electrophoresis 45
4.1.3. Differentiation based on molecular techniques 46
4.1.4. Questioning of tapeworm carriers 46
4.1.5. Coprological examinations 46
4.1.5.1. Conventional fecal examinations 46
4.1.5.2. Peri-anal swabs 47
4.1.5.3. Coproantigen detection 47
4.1.5.4. Copro-PCR 47
4.1.6. Serological tests 47
4.2. Diagnosis oí Taenia solium cysticercosis in humans 47
4.2.1. Parasitological diagnosis 47
4.2.2. Imaging 48
4.2.3. Serological diagnosis 48
4.2.3.1. Antibody detection methods 48
4.2.3.2. Antigen detection methods 48
4.2.3.3. Immunodiagnosis in epidemiological studies 49
4.2.3.4. Immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis 49
4.2.3.5. Limitations of immunodiagnosis 49
4.3. Diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis 49
4.3.1. Porcine cysticercosis due to Taenia solium 49
4.3.1.1. Tongue inspection 49
VI WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Taeniosis/Cysticercosis
Contents
4.3.1.2. Meat inspection 50
4.3.1.3. Serological techniques 50
4.3.2. Porcine cysticercosis due to Taenia saginata asiática 51
4.3.2.1. Parasitological diagnosis 51
4.3.2.2. Serological diagnosis 51
4.4. Diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in cattle 51
4.4.1. Meat inspection 51
4.4.2. Serological techniques 51
Annex 4.5.: Application of molecular techniques for identification of human taenia spp 52
4.5.1. Methods for identification 52
4.5.1.1. Molecular identification of specimens collected from patients or domestic animals 52
4.5.1.2. Principles of methods 52
4.5.1.3. Restriction fragment length polymorphism 52
4.5.1.4. Comparison of PCR-amplified DNA sequences 53
4.5.1.5. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) 53
4.5.1.6. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) 53
4.5.1.7. Multiplex-PCR .' 53
4.5.2. Comments on the taxonomy and population structure of the human Taenia spp 54
4.5.3. Selected laboratories experienced in using DNA techniques for identification of Taenia
taxa 55
CHAPTER 5: PREVENTION OF TAENIOSIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS 57
5. Introduction 57
5.1. Prevention of taeniosis in humans 57
5.1.1. Marketing of pigs and cattle for slaughter 58
5.1.2. Development of safe slaughtering facilities in village communities and undeveloped
rural areas 58
5.1.3. Meat inspection, meat treatment and development of safe slaughtering facilities 60
5.1.4. Pre-slaughter drug treatment of pigs 62
5.2. Prevention of cysticercosis in animals and humans 63
5.2.1. Basic sanitation 63
5.2.2. Urban sanitation, waste treatment and disposal 63
5.2.2.1. Biological and physical sewage treatment methods 64
5.2.2.2. Egg-dispersal from sewage works 65
5.2.3. Guidelines for agricultural utilization of sewage and sludge contaminated with taeniid
eggs 65
5.2.4. Other sanitation measures to prevent cysticercosis 66
5.2.5. Improved animal husbandry practices 66
5.2.6. Vaccination of pigs and cattle 67
5.3. Health education 68
5.3.1. Target groups 69
5.3.2. Training of professionals - 'training of trainers' 69
5.3.3. Training of the public 70
5.3.4. Exploiting media for local education programs 71
5.4 Conclusions 72
CHAPTER 6: CONTROL MEASURES FOR TAENIOSIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS 73
6. Introduction 73
WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Taeniosis/Cysticercosis VII
Contents
6.1. Evolution of control measures 73
6.1.1. History of control measures 73
6.1.2. The growing scientific interest in control measures 73
6.1.3. International Task Force for Disease Eradication statement 74
6.1.4. Towards more active approaches in control measures 75
6.1.5. Conclusions 75
6.2. Justification for control of taeniosis/cysticercosis 75
6.2.1. Medical and economic justification 75
6.2.2. Epilepsy is common and prevention is the most effective intervention 76
6.2.3. Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis 76
6.2.4. Anthelminthic treatment may reduce epilepsy 77
6.2.5. Conclusions 77
6.3. New tools for control of taeniosis 77
6.3.1. Diagnosis of taeniosis in humans 78
6.3.2. Taeniid coproantigen detection 78
6.3.3. Field study using coproantigen test 79
6.3.4. Practical issues of coproantigen testing 80
6.3.5. Drugs for treating human carriers: older taeniacide drugs 80
6.3.6. Currently used drugs for treating taeniosis in human carriers (see also Chapter 2) 81
6.3.6.1. Nidosamide 81
6.3.6.2. Praziquantel 81
6.3.6.3. Albendazole 82
6.3.6.4. Nitazoxanide 82
6.3.7. Conclusions 82
6.4. Implementation of control measures 83
6.4.1. Focus of control measures 83
6.4.2. Objectives of control measures 83
6.4.3. Strategies for Taenia solium infection control 84
6.4.4. The categories and timing of various control programs 85
6.4.4.1. Long-term programs 86
6.4.4.2. Short term programs 87
6.4.4.3. Alternative programs 87
6.4.5. Scope of a control program 87
6.4.6. Optimal choice of a control strategy 88
6.4.7. Evaluation of the control program 89
6.4.8. Conclusions 89
6.5. A summary of research and logistic needs 90
6.5.1. Basic research needs 90
6.5.2. Operational research 90
6.5.3. General logistics and management of control programs 90
6.6. Support for the implementation of Taenia solium control measures 91
6.6.1. World Health Organization (WHO) 91
6.6.2. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 91
6.6.3. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) 92
6.6.4. Donor agencies 92
6.6.5. Non-governmental agencies 92
6.6.6. Local communities 92
yIII WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Taeniosis/Cysticercosis
Contents
Annex 6.7. Current control programs and agencies involved 93
Annex 6.7.1. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) long-term control protocol 93
Annex 6.7.2. Cysticercosis Working Group in Eastern and Southern Africa (CWGESA)
long-term control program 94
Annex 6.7.3. PAHO short-term control project 95
Annex 6.7.4. The new Peruvian control project 95
Annex 6.7.5. Standards and management of human taeniosis control measures 96
REFERENCES 101
WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Tafiosis/Cysticercosis IX |
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| spelling | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis ed.: K. D. Murrell Paris OIE 2005 XII, 139 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 101 - 139 Cysticercosis cabt Taeniasis cabt Disease Prevention cabt Disease Surveys cabt Disease Control cabt Murrell, K. D. Sonstige oth Weltgesundheitsorganisation Sonstige (DE-588)1007857-5 oth FAO Sonstige (DE-588)2010460-1 oth International Office of Epizootics Sonstige (DE-588)2035386-8 oth application / pdf http://library.vetmed.fu-berlin.de/resources/global/contents/oie-taeniosis.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022106557&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Cysticercosis cabt Taeniasis cabt Disease Prevention cabt Disease Surveys cabt Disease Control cabt |
| title | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis |
| title_auth | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis |
| title_exact_search | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis |
| title_full | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis ed.: K. D. Murrell |
| title_fullStr | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis ed.: K. D. Murrell |
| title_full_unstemmed | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis ed.: K. D. Murrell |
| title_short | WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis |
| title_sort | who fao oie guidelines for the surveillance prevention and control of taeniosis cysticercosis |
| topic | Cysticercosis cabt Taeniasis cabt Disease Prevention cabt Disease Surveys cabt Disease Control cabt |
| topic_facet | Cysticercosis Taeniasis Disease Prevention Disease Surveys Disease Control |
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