Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates:
Saved in:
| Other Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Park Ridge, NJ
Noyes
1989
|
| Series: | Noyes series in animal behavior, ecology, conservation and management
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXII, 544 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0815512015 |
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MARC
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| 001 | BV026443564 | ||
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| 008 | 110326s1989 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 0815512015 |9 0-8155-1201-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)635852143 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV026443564 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-188 | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates |c Ed. by Evalyn F. Segal |
| 264 | 1 | |a Park Ridge, NJ |b Noyes |c 1989 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 544 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Noyes series in animal behavior, ecology, conservation and management | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Animal Welfare |2 cabt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Laboratory Animals |2 cabt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Segal, Evalyn F. |4 edt | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022014467&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022014467 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804145012898791424 |
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| adam_text | Housing, Care and
Psychological Wellbeing
of Captive and
Laboratory Primates
Edited by
Evalyn F Segal
San Diego State University
San Diego, California
np NOYES PUBLICATIONS
Park Ridge, New Jersey U S A
Contents
I ORDER: PRIMATES
1 MENTAL WELL-BEING IN ANTHROPOIDS 1
Claud Bramblett
Up from the Anthropoid 1
The Anthropologist s Dilemma 4
Activists and the Consequences 5
How Can an Ethologist Help? (or, Anecdotes from a Guenon
Colony) 7
Specific Recommendations for Housing and Care of Guenons 9
What Now? 10
2 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING? CAN WE KNOW IF
PRIMATES HAVE IT? 12
Roger K Thomas and Rosanne B Lorden
Ontological and Epistemological Considerations 13
Psychological-Physical Well-Being and Mind-Body Dualism 14
Consciousness, Language, and Self-Awareness 16
Self-Awareness in Nonhuman Primates 17
Self-Recognition 18
Being in a Position to be Aware 19
Same and Different Judgments 20
Piaget s Theory Applied to Nonhuman Primates 21
Object Permanence 22
Transitivity ; 23
Conservation 24
Summary 25
Concluding Remarks 25
xxi
xxii Contents
3 RESOLVING ISSUES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND
MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORY NONHUMAN PRIMATES 27
Kathryn Bayne
Problems in Defining Psychological Weil-Being 27
Existing USDA and USPHS Guidelines 28
Approaches to Environmental Enrichment 28
Species-Typical Activities 28
Quality of Human-Animal Interaction 28
Scientific Needs Versus the Needs of the Animals 29
Development of the NIH Management Plan for Nonhuman
Primates 29
Interview Survey 29
Representation by Institute 30
Representation by Primate Species 30
Results from Interviews with NIH Scientists 33
Results from Interviews with Veterinarians 36
Selecting Enrichment Strategies 38
Concluding Remarks 38
II SUBORDER: PROSIMII
Family: Lemuridae (Lemurs), Indriidae (Indris)
4 MAINTENANCE OF PRIMATES IN CAPTIVITY FOR RESEARCH:
THE NEED FOR NATURALISTIC ENVIRONMENTS 40
Michael E Pereira, Joseph M Macedonia, David M Having and
Elwyn L Simons
Primate Natural History and Biomedical Research 41
The Duke University Primate Center 44
Duke Program for Captive Conservation of Sifakas 45
Modifications of the Sifaka Diet 46
Modification of Sifaka Housing Environments 48
The Impact of Naturalistic Conditions 52
Conclusions 57
Biological Dysfunction Under Conditions of Captivity 57
Validity of Biomedical Research with Captive Primates 58
Naturalistic Habitat for Laboratory Primates: General
Principles 58
Advantages of Group Housing 59
Family: Lorisidae (Lorises), Tarsiidae (Tarsiers)
Cebidae (New World Monkeys)—Aotus
5 PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF NOCTURNAL PRIMATES IN
CAPTIVITY 61
Patricia Chappie Wright, David Marsland Hating, Mary Kathryn
Izard, and Elwyn LaVerne Simons
Introduction 61
Aotus 62
Contents xxiii
Natural History 62
Social Grouping and Reproductive Behavior 62
Caging 64
Diet 65
Tarsier 65
Diet and Caging 65
Natural History 67
Galago 69
Natural History 69
Caging 71
Diet 71
Social Groups 72
Reproductive Management 72
Medical Problems 73
Summary 73
III SUBORDER: ANTHROPOIDEA
Family: Callitrichidae (Marmosets and Tamarins)
6 PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF CAPTIVE PRIMATES:
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EXAMPLES FROM
CALLITRICHIDS 75
Charles T Snowdon and Anne Savage
Introduction 75
What Are the Criteria for a Good Captive Environment? 76
Veterinary-Medical Criterion 76
Biological Criterion 76
Behavioral-Ecological Criterion 77
The Ideal Captive Environment 77
Physical Well-Being 77
Dietary Variety 77
Foraging Analogues 78
Caging for Arboreal, Neotropical Primates 79
Exercise Areas 79
Airconditioning Ducting as Tunnels 79
Cage Furnishings 80
Psychological Needs 81
Early Social Experience 81
Parental Care 81
Predator Recognition 82
Communication 82
Development of Sense of Control 83
Designing Noninvasive Research Techniques 84
Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being 87
7 THE PROBLEM OF FORAGING IN CAPTIVE CALLITRICHID
PRIMATES: BEHAVIORAL TIME BUDGETS AND FORAGING
SKILLS 89
Eileen M Molzen and Jeffrey A French
xxiv Contents
Introduction 89
Foraging Skills of Wild Callitrichid Primates 90
Methods 91
Subjects and Housing 91
Standard Husbandry Protocol 92
Alternative Feeding Protocol 92
Behavioral Assessment 95
Statistical Analyses 95
Results 95
Discussion 99
Family: Cebidae (Capuchin-Like Monkeys)
8 FREE-ENVIRONMENT ROOMS AS ALTERNATIVE HOUSING
FOR SQUIRREL MONKEYS 102
James E King and Vicky R Norwood
Introduction 102
Salient Characteristics of Squirrel Monkeys 103
Conventional Housing of Squirrel Monkeys 104
Lack of Exercise 104
High Noise Levels 104
Hosing as a Source of Stress 105
Low Light Levels in Cages 105
Human Proximity 105
Tail Sores 105
Imposed Proximity to Urine and Feces 105
Free-Environment Rooms as an Inexpensive Alternative 106
Fishing as a Source of Environmental Enrichment 110
Conclusions 114
9 A CLOSED COLONY OF SQUIRREL MONKEYS FOR
LABORATORY STUDIES 115
Eric A Salzen
History of the Colony 115
Housing and Handling 116
Housing 116
Cage Furnishings 118
Structuring the Living Space 118
Exercise Pens 119
Handling 120
Group Composition 120
Castration as a Means of Controlling Aggression: Negative
Results 120
Feeding and Growth 122
Breeding 125
Compatibility of Group Members 128
Behaviour 128
Social Grouping and Spacing 128
Contents xxv
Diurnal Activity Pattern 129
Aggression and Displays 129
Hiding and Stealing of Food 131
Locomotor Stereotypy 132
Conclusions 133
Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys)
10 A ROOM WITH A VIEW FOR CAPTIVE PRIMATES: ISSUES,
GOALS, RELATED RESEARCH AND STRATEGIES 135
Peggy O Neill
Public Concerns 135
Concerns of Medical Researchers 135
Concerns of Conservationists 136
Concerns of Psychologists 138
Etiology of Psychopathology in Nonhuman Primates 138
Identifying Psychological Disorders 140
Enrichment or Rehabilitation? 141
Strategies: Environmental Considerations 141
Devices and Cage Enrichment 144
Natural Habitats 145
Human-Animal Communications and Interactions 145
Social Life for Captive Primates 147
Effects of Environmental Manipulations on Behavioral
Disturbances of Surrogate-Reared Juvenile Rhesus 148
Condition 1 (Home Cage) vs Condition 2 (Rayroom) 150
Condition 3: Natural Lighting in the Home Cage and
Condition 4: Concurrent Behavior in the Playroom 153
Condition 5: Outdoor Apparatus-Enriched Housing 153
Condition 6: Return to Indoor Housing 154
Condition 7: Music Stimulation 154
Condition 8: Return to Original Laboratory Room 154
Conclusions 155
Comment: The Long Term Outcome 159
The Present Unfolds into the Future: Research Provides Hope 160
11 ENRICHING THE LIVES OF CAPTIVE PRIMATES: ISSUES AND
PROBLEMS 161
Melinda A Novak and Karla H Drewsen
Defining Psychological Well-Being 162
Types of Environmental Enrichment 165
Physical Environment 165
Social Environment 166
Psychological Environment 167
Interactions 168
Assessment Strategies 168
Enrichment Studies in Social Groups of Captive Monkeys 170
Cage Space Manipulations 171
xxvi Contents
Lighting Manipulations 175
Musical Stimulation 176
Comments 181
Conclusions 182
12 EXAMINING ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT 183
Arnold S Chamove and James R Anderson
Introduction 183
Problems of Containment 184
Cage Size 184
Cage Design 185
Cage Furnishing 185
Floor Covering 185
Branches 186
Range of Behavior 186
Goals of Enrichment 187
Criteria of Desirability 187
Normality 188
Public Acceptability 188
Theoretical Considerations 188
Practical Considerations 188
Psychological Factors in Captivity 189
Control 189
Complexity/Predictability 191
Stress 191
Beneficial Effects of Stress? 192
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Enrichment 192
Cost 192
An Example of an Enrichment Technique 195
The Problem 195
The Technique 195
The Hypothesis 195
Effectiveness 196
Results 196
Conclusion 198
Concluding Remarks 199
13 PRIMATE RESEARCH MODELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENRICHMENT - 203
Hal Markowitz and Scott Line
Introduction 203
Effects of Long-Term Caging Without Activity 204
The Importance of Social Opportunities 205
Primates Are Individuals 207
Sustaining Interest with a Responsive Device 207
Combining Research and Environmental Enrichment 211
Current Research 211
Contents xxvii
14 LONG TERM ANIMAL STUDIES 213
Cynthia L Bennett and Roger T Davis
Animal Models of Aging 213
A Longitudinal Study of Aging in Monkeys 214
How Long Do Rhesus Monkeys l ive in a Laboratory? 214
How Do Changes in Behavior Compare in Aging Humans
and Nonhumans? 214
Pathology of Old Monkeys 215
Designing Studies of Aging Using Animals 217
Estimate Life Span of a Species as Accurately as
Possible 217
Define Aging with Well-Chosen Behavioral and
Biological Markers 217
Establish Baselines of Behavior and Health 217
Optimum Conditions of Housing 217
Treating the Animals Humanely 218
Disease Control 218
Human Contact 218
Feeding 218
Exercise 219
Socialization, Breeding, and Feeding 219
Medication 219
Preparing Lesser Spot-Nosed Guenons for Display in Social
Groups 220
Methods 222
Subjects and Living Conditions 222
, Observational Procedures 223
Data Collection 225
Results 225
Behavioral Taxonomy 225
Activity Profiles 226
Use of Vertical Space 229
Toward Optimal Management 229
Resolving the Interests of Institutions and Captive Primates 229
Insuring Health and Safety of Captive Nonhuman Primates 230
Importance of Conspecific Companionship 231
Design of Housing Appropriate to the Species 232
Management Practices to Broaden Behavioral Diversity 233
15 SOLUTION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT OF THE
ENVIRONMENT FOR THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE 235
William M Blackmore
Introduction 235
Exercise Facilities at USC 235
Room 1 236
Room 2 237
Social Environment 238
Humane Considerations and Goals for the Future 239
xxviii Contents
dose Confinement 239
Halfway House 239
Free-Roaming Environment 240
16 ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT FOR MONKEYS USED IN
BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY STUDIES 244
Steven G Gilbert and Ellen Wrenshall
Introduction 245
The Primate Behavioral Toxicology Program 245
The Laboratory Environment 246
Advantages and Drawbacks of Laboratory Research with
Captive Primates 246
Toxicology Research: Special Needs and Husbandry
Considerations 246
Exercise and Socialization 247
Adverse Effects of Isolate Caging 247
Opportunity for Peer Play and Group Exercise 248
Scheduling Exercise Groups: Coordinating with
Experimental Design 248
Exercise Runs 249
Playrooms 251
A Portable Swimming Pool in the Playroom 251
Play Objects 252
Conclusions 253
17 HOW NOT TO ENLARGE A STABLE GROUP OF STUMPTAILED
MACAQUES (Macaca arctoides) 255
Ramon J Rhine and Roberta L Cox
Introduction 255
Method 257
Animals and Environment 257
Procedure 257
Introduction of Strangers Into the Enclosures 257
Activities Recorded 258
Sampling Procedures 258
Results 259
Focal Animal Observations 259
Residents Reactions to Strangers 259
Differences Between Residents and Strangers 260
Social Interactions of Strangers 262
Overall Group Observations 264
Timing 264
Resident Female Aggressors and Male Protectors 265
Arousal 265
Immatures and Low-Ranking Adult Males 266
Withdrawing the Strangers 266
Discussion 266
Reactions to Introduction of Strangers 266
Contents xxix
Selection for Female Xenophobia 267
How Not to Enlarge a Group 267
Number of Females 268
Age and Experience 268
Cohesiveness 268
Enclosure Experience 269
A Final Word 269
18 INFLUENCE OF PEOPLE ON THE BEHAVIOR OF DISPLAY
PRIMATES 270
John E Fa
Introduction 270
Visitor Behavior in Zoos and Semi-Natural Displays 271
The Impact of Extrinsic on Intrinsic Environment 274
Zoos 275
Semi-Natural Free-Ranging and Enclosed Primate Displays 280
Conclusions 287
19 LANGUR MONKEYS (Presbytis entellus) IN CAPTIVITY 291
Mark A Taff and Phyllis Dolhinow
Introduction 291
Langurs in India 292
The Langur Colony 293
Research Emphasis 293
Group Composition 294
Space and the Captive Monkey 296
Diet 302
Caretaking 303
20 BEYOND CHRONIC CATHETERIZATION IN LABORATORY
PRIMATES 305
Jaylan S Turkkan, Nancy A Ator, Joseph V Brady and
Karen A Craven
Introduction 305
The Measurement of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure 306
Sample Results 309
Further Developments 313
Drug Administration Procedures 313
Oral Drug Self-Administration 315
Sample Results 317
Oral Drug Dosing 317
Sample Results 320
Conclusion 322
Family: Hylobatidae (Gibbons)
21 AN INEXPENSIVE, CLIMATE-CONTROLLED ENCLOSURE FOR
GIBBONS UTILIZING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY 323
Jeremy F Dahl
xxx Contents
Introduction 323
Design Rationale 324
Gibbon Morphology and Posture 324
Usable Space vs Thermoneutrality 325
Existing Enclosures 327
Restraint System 327
Final Design 328
Outdoor Enclosure 328
Indoor Enclosure 328
Restraint System 330
Operation of the Enclosure 331
Winter Operation 331
Summer Operation 331
Urine Collection 332
Medical Examination 332
Discussion 332
Summary 334
Family: Pongidae (Great Apes)
22 FEEDING ENRICHMENT FOR CAPTIVE GREAT APES 336
Mollie A Bloomsmith
Introduction 336
The Feeding of Wild Great Apes as a Model for Captive
Feeding Strategies 337
Feeding Time 337
Description 337
Application 338
Diurnal Patterns in Food Choice 338
Description 338
Application 339
Diversity of Food Items 340
Description 340
Application 341
Food Characteristics 342
Description 342
Application 342
Food Inspection and Preparation 342
Description 342
Application 343
Animal Food Sources 345
Description 345
Application 345
Social Aspects of Feeding 346
Description 346
Application 346
Results of One Feeding Enrichment Program 347
Food Puzzle Device 347
Contents xxxi
Trees as Feeding Enrichment 348
Simultaneous Use of Feeding Enrichment Strategies 348
Pipe Feeder Device 353
Practical Considerations in Feeding Enrichment 353
The Future of Feeding Enrichment Research 355
23 ON THE CARE OF CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES: METHODS OF
ENRICHMENT 357
Duane M Rumbaugh, David Washburn, and E Sue Savage-
Rumbaugh
Introduction 357
Early Rearing 357
General Aspects of Captive Housing 360
Cage Design 361
Caretakers 365
Diet 366
Using Modem Technologies to Alleviate Boredom 368
Television 368
Video Tasks 368
Scientific Justification for Enrichment Tasks 371
Human Rearing 372
Concluding Remarks 374
X 24 SIGNS OF ENRICHMENT: TOWARD THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
WELL-BEING OF CHIMPANZEES 376
Roger S Fouts, Mary Lee Abshire, Mark Bodamer and
Deborah H Fouts
Introduction 376
Cain and Abel 377
Deleterious Effects of Isolation and Deprivation 379
Cage Size and Space Requirements for Chimpanzees 380
Design of Habitat for Captive Chimpanzees 382
Exercise and Social Interaction 383
Signs of Enrichment 384
Personnel Training 385
Meals 386
Cleaning and Maintenance 386
Toys, Games, Activities, and Events 387
» Conclusion 388
25 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON REPRODUCTION AND
MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN CAPTIVE GORILLAS: RESULTS
OF A SURVEY 389
P Miller-Schroeder and J D Paterson
Introduction 389
This Study 390
Methodology 391
Influences on Parity 391
xxxu
The Social Environment 391
Relation of Group Composition to Breeding 392
Natural Bonds 395
Age of Separation From Mother 395
Relationships with Peers and Other Adults 396
Bonds with Humans 396
The Physical Environment 396
Home Range 396
Variety of Stimuli and Opportunities for Activity 397
Refuges for Privacy 397
Vegetation and Nesting Material 398
Temperature and Humidity / 398
Diet : / 399
Discriminant Analysis of Parity 399
Maternal Abuse and Neglect in Captive Gorillas 401
Repeated Episodes of Abuse and Neglect 401
Sex of Infant 401
Maternal Experience of Abuse 402
Social Isolation 402
Discriminant Analysis of Maternal Abuse 404
Infant Deaths 404
Successful Infant Rearing 405
Infant Removals 406
Abusive Versus Good Mothers 406
Abuse Versus Neglect 407
Main Discriminators 407
Other Important Discriminators 408
The Case Study 409
Measures of Maternal Competence 411
Nursing 411
Maternal Transport of Infants 411
Normal Differences in Maternal Behavior 412
Conclusions 413
Recommendations 414
26 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF CAPTIVE GORILLAS 416
Ronald D Nadler
Introduction 416
In Consideration of Species Differences 416
Behavior in the Natural Habitat as Yardstick 419
X REFERENCES 421
INDEX 477
|
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| spelling | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates Ed. by Evalyn F. Segal Park Ridge, NJ Noyes 1989 XXXII, 544 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Noyes series in animal behavior, ecology, conservation and management Animal Welfare cabt Laboratory Animals cabt Segal, Evalyn F. edt HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022014467&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates Animal Welfare cabt Laboratory Animals cabt |
| title | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates |
| title_auth | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates |
| title_exact_search | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates |
| title_full | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates Ed. by Evalyn F. Segal |
| title_fullStr | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates Ed. by Evalyn F. Segal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates Ed. by Evalyn F. Segal |
| title_short | Housing, care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates |
| title_sort | housing care and psychological wellbeing of captive and laboratory primates |
| topic | Animal Welfare cabt Laboratory Animals cabt |
| topic_facet | Animal Welfare Laboratory Animals |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022014467&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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