Youth unemployment and employment policy: a global perspective
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Geneva
Internat. Labour Office
2001
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 212 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9221113481 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Abbreviations ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
Part I The problem 7
1 Youth unemployment 9
1.1 A global concern 9
1.2 Denning youth 10
1.3 Youth and adult unemployment 11
1.4 Key questions and issues 14
2 The characteristics of youth unemployment 17
2.1 A youth labour market? 17
What is unemployment? Is this the problem ? 18
2.2 Which young people? 22
Teenagers versus young adults 22
Women versus men 22
Ethnic origin 29
Young people with disabilities 30
Regional disparities 30
Education/skills levels 30
2.3 Concluding remarks 36
3 The causes and consequences of youth unemployment 39
3.1 The causes 39
Aggregate demand 40
Wages 42
Wages versus aggregate demand 42
Size of the youth labour force 45
3.2 Does it matter? The consequences 50
3.3 The implications 52
v
Contents
Part n Policy 5S
4 Youth policy: General issues 57
4.1 Coordination and linkages
4.2 Youth and the ILO 59
4.3 Youth and the international policy context 61
5 Labour market information, monitoring and evaluation 65
5.1 Labour market information 65
5.2 Monitoring 67
What is monitoring? 67
The requirements of monitoring
The role of monitoring 68
5.3 Evaluation 70
Non-experimental methods: Gross outcomes
Weakly experimental evaluation: The use of comparison groups 72
Quasi-experimental evaluation
Highly experimental evaluation
Which type of evaluation? 76
5.4 The role of information in the design and implementation of labour
market policies for young people
79
6 The minimum wage and youth employment
6.1 Minimum wages, employment and productivity
6.2 The effects of a minimum wage on youth employment
6.3 Youth minimum wages and international labour standards
on
6.4 The practice in selected countries
6.5 Concluding remarks
7 Education and training systems
7.1 Education and training system models
The sequential versus the dual system
School versus the workplace
Certification 97
What works? 98
i no
7.2 Germany s dual system
Strengths 103
Weaknesses 104
7.3 Concluding remarks: Lessons to be learned
8 Active labour market policy 109
8.1 Policies that promote wage employment
Policy issues 110
ALMP and youth unemployment: The United Kingdom
The New Deal: A new start? 12°
ALMP and youth unemployment: Jamaica
8.2 Policies that promote self-employment
vi
Contents
Promotion and introduction of the self-employment option 125
Skills training 127
Mentor support 128
Finance 128
Access to work space 129
Business expansion support 130
Creating support networks 130
Further design issues 131
8.3 Programmes for disadvantaged young people 133
The personal dimension 134
The labour market dimension 137
Skills mismatch 138
Considerations for policy-makers and practitioners 139
8.4 Concluding remarks and policy recommendations 142
9 The role of employers and workers organizations 147
9.1 School/industry linkages 147
Training in schools and workplaces 147
Placements and sponsorship 148
Other school/employment links 148
9.2 Active labour market policy 148
9.3 Guaranteeing training 149
9.4 International action 152
9.5 Potential problems 155
9.6 Policy implications 156
Part III Towards an effective response 159
10 Conclusions and recommendations 161
Appendices
1 ILO instruments containing standards regarding youth 173
2 ILO resolution concerning youth employment 175
3 Selected active labour market programmes for young people 178
Bibliography 192
Index 207
List of tables
2.1 Unemployment rates and non-employment rates for 18-year-old males in
selected OECD countries, with rankings, 1997 20
2.2 Unemployment/population ratio and unemployment rates of 15- to
19-year-olds, with rankings, 1998 21
3.1 Elasticity of youth unemployment rates with respect to the adult
unemployment rate and the youth/adult population ratio, with country
and time-fixed effects 48
vii
Contents
3.2 Annual average growth rates of the labour force in developing
regions, 1990-2010 49
5.1 Hypothetical example of post-programme outcomes 71
6.1 Summary of the principal empirical results of studies carried out in the
United States 83
6.2 Summary of the principal empirical results of studies carried out in France 84
6.3 Summary of the principal empirical results of studies in a selection
of other countries 86
6.4 Categorization of selected countries according to the status of young
workers in relation to the minimum wage 90
8.1 The effects of the United Kingdom s Youth Training Scheme on the
probability of employment for an average individual one year after
programme completion 117
List of figures
1.1 Unemployment rates by age in the OECD countries, 1980-98 12
1.2 Jamaica: Unemployment rates by age, 1975-95 13
2.1 Unemployment rates by age in selected countries, 1998 23
2.2 Ratio of female-to-male youth (15-24) unemployment rates in selected
countries, 1998 24
2.3 Ratio of female-to-male youth (15-24) unemployment rates in the OECD
countries, 1981-98 25
2.4 United Republic of Tanzania: Unemployment rates by age and sex,
1990-91 26
2.5 India: Youth urban and rural unemployment rates, 1993-94 27
2.6 Chile: Youth unemployment rates by sex, 1986-95 28
2.7 Jamaica: Ratio of female-to-male unemployment rates by age, 1975-95 29
2.8 United Kingdom: Unemployment and labour force participation rates
by age and disability, winter 1994-95 31
2.9 Unemployment rates by level of education in selected countries and
territories, 1996 32
2.10 Indonesia: Unemployment and labour force participation rates by level of
education, 1993 34
2.11 Indonesia: Youth unemployment rates by level of education, 1993 35
3.1 Youth labour force by region, 1950-2010 46
3.2 Youth/adult population ratio by region, 1950-2010 49
3.3 Proportion of the unemployed (young people and adults) in long-term
unemployment in the OECD countries, 1997 51
5.1 The role of monitoring in policy design and implementation
6.1 The effect of the minimum wage in a competitive model 80
6.2 The effect of the minimum wage in a non-competitive model 81
7.1 Ratio of youth (15-24) to adult (25-54) unemployment rates in the
OECD countries, 1998
7.2 The German education system 101
viii
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| physical | XII, 212 S. graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | O'Higgins, Niall Verfasser aut Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective Niall O'Higgins Geneva Internat. Labour Office 2001 XII, 212 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Arbeitsmarktpolitik fes Internationale Organisation fes Jugendarbeitslosigkeit fes Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd rswk-swf Jugendarbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4028866-3 gnd rswk-swf Jugendarbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4028866-3 s Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 s DE-188 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021952396&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | O'Higgins, Niall Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective Arbeitsmarktpolitik fes Internationale Organisation fes Jugendarbeitslosigkeit fes Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd Jugendarbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4028866-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4005982-0 (DE-588)4028866-3 |
| title | Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective |
| title_auth | Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective |
| title_exact_search | Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective |
| title_full | Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective Niall O'Higgins |
| title_fullStr | Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective Niall O'Higgins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective Niall O'Higgins |
| title_short | Youth unemployment and employment policy |
| title_sort | youth unemployment and employment policy a global perspective |
| title_sub | a global perspective |
| topic | Arbeitsmarktpolitik fes Internationale Organisation fes Jugendarbeitslosigkeit fes Beschäftigungspolitik (DE-588)4005982-0 gnd Jugendarbeitslosigkeit (DE-588)4028866-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeitsmarktpolitik Internationale Organisation Jugendarbeitslosigkeit Beschäftigungspolitik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021952396&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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