Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Undetermined |
| Published: |
Dordrecht <<[u.a.]>>
Kluwer Acad. Publ.
1996
|
| Series: | Nonconvex optimization and its applications
12 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Aus dem Franz. übers. |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 292 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 079234166X |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding |c by Bernard Roy |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Nonconvex optimization and its applications |v 12 | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804144630344712192 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table of Contents
Reader s Guide xiii
Foreword for the English-language edition xv
Acknowledgements xxi
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS: HOW TO AID WHOM WITH
WHAT TYPES OF DECISIONS 1
Chapter 1: Decision Problems and Processes 3
Summary 3
Chapter 2: Decision Aiding: Major Actors and the Role of Models 7
Summary 7
2.1 Models and Realities 7
2.1.1 Definition 7
2.1.2 Limiting the scope of the model 8
2.1.3 The family of questions 9
2.1.4 The model as representation 9
2.2 Decision Aiding 10
2.2.1 Definition 10
2.2.2 Aiding for whom? 11
; 2.2.3 Aiding by whom? 12
2.2.4 Presence of a client 13
2.2.5 Aid and neutrality 14
2.2.6 Aid and objectivity 15
Chapter 3: Reference Examples 19
Summary 19
3.1 Infrastructure Problems 19
3.2 National or Regional Development Problems 21
3.3 Advertising Problems 23
3.4 Research and Development Problems 24
3.5 Operations Problems 25
3.6 Selection Problems 28
3.7 Manufacturing Problems 29
vi Table of Contents
Chapter 4: Phases and Options of an Approach to Decision Aiding
(General Ideas of the Methodology) 31
Summary 31
4.1 Notions of Structure 31
4.1.1 Preliminaries 31
4.1.2 Study phase and decision process development State 33
4.2 The Proposed Methodology 34
4.2.1 Level I: Object of the decision and spirit of recommendation
or participation 34
4.2.2 Level II: Analyzing consequences and developing criteria 35
4.2.3 Level III: Modeling comprehensive preferences and operationally
aggregating Performances 36
4.2.4 Level IV: Investigating and developing the recommendation 36
4.2.5 Comments 37
LEVEL I: HOW TO DETERMINE WHAT IS POSSIBLE AND IN WHAT
TERMS TO FORMULATE A PROBLEM 39
Chapter 5: Actions and Decision Aiding 41
Summary 41
5.1 The Concept of an Action 41
5.1.1 Definition and examples 41
5.1.2 Comprehensive and fragmented conceptions: identification problems . . 44
5.2 The Set of Potential Actions 47
5.2.1 Delimiting the set of possible actions 47
5.2.2 Examples 49
Chapter 6: Problematics as Guides in Decision Aiding 57
Summary 57
6.1 The Four Reference Problematics 57
6.1.1 Choice problematic P.a: Help choose a best action or develop a
selection procedure 58
6.1.2 Sorting problematic P.ß: Help sort actions according to norms or build
an assignment procedure 62
6.1.3 Ranking problematic P.y: Help rank actions in order of decreasing
preference or build an ordering procedure 64
6.1.4 Description problematic P.8: Help describe actions and their
consequences in a formalized and systematic manner or develop a
cognitive procedure 68
6.2 Remarks on Choosing the Problematic 69
6.2.1 Factors influencing the choice of problematic 69
6.2.2 Examples 70
6.2.3 Multiple cases 73
Table of Contents vii
LEVEL II: HOW TO DETERMINE PREFERENCES AND ON WHAT
BASES 75
Chapter 7: Preference, Indifference, Incomparability: Binary Relations
and Basic Structures 79
Summary 79
7.1 General Comments on Preference Modeling: Basic Concepts 81
7.1.1 Basic preference situations 81
7.1.1.1 Introductory examples 81
7.1.1.2 Basic situations and the axiom of limited comparability 84
7.1.2 Modeling with binary relations: System of preference relations 86
7.1.2.1 Notation and terminology 86
7.1.2.2 Systems of preference relations and the axiom of limited
comparability 88
7.1.2.3 Comments on incomparability and weak preference 91
7.1.2.4 Comments on the transitivity of the basic binary relations .... 91
7.1.3 Consolidated situations and associated binary relations 92
7.1.3.1 General comments 92
7.1.3.2 Preference and nonpreference: Perfect System of preference
relations 93
7.1.3.3 J-preference, K-preference, basic System of outranking
relations 95
7.1.3.4 Links among these and other relations 97
7.2 Principal Structures and Functional Relations 98
7.2.1 Graphical representations and an example System of preference
relations 99
7.2.1.1 Graph theory: Notation 99
a) General notation 99
b) Notation for Systems of preference relations 100
7.2.1.2 A new example: The mayor s preferences 101
7.2.2 Basic structures of SPR s that exclude or obscure incomparability .... 105
7.2.2.1 SPR s with only one relation 105
a) Equivalence classes 105
b) Complete Orders and intransitive tournaments 106
bl) Definitions 106
| b2) Functional representation of a complete order 107
i c) Two-relation structures: a first look at complete basic
Systems of outranking relations (BSOR) 108
7.2.2.2 SPR s with two relations 108
. a) Complete preorders 108
aJ) Nonfunctional representation 108
a2) Functional representation 109
b) Structure of a semi-order 111
bl) Example 111
b2) Semi-order properties 112
j
I
VÜi Table of Contents
b3) Definition and functional representation 114
c) Other structures with one Symmetrie and one asymmetric
relation 114
cl) Comparison of interval-actions 115
c2) Definitions and Special cases 116
7.2.2.3 SPR s with three or more relations 116
a) System (I, P, Q) on interval actions 116
b) Pseudo-order strueture 117
bl) Example 117
b2) Definition and nonfunctional representations 118
b3) Functional representation 119
c) Directed semi-order strueture 120
cl) Definition 120
c2) Similarities with semi-orders and functional
representation 121
7.2.3 Basic structures of SPR s with incomparability 122
7.2.3.1 General comments 122
7.2.3.2 Partial preorders 122
7.2.3.3 Other (R, T, V) structures 123
7.2.4 Comparing preference differences or exchanges 124
a) Examples and discussion 124
b) Preference relations on A x A 126
Chapter 8: Comparing Actions and Modeling Consequences 127
Summary 127
8.1 Consequences of an Action, Dimensions, and Associated State Indicators ... 128
8.1.1 The consequence cloud 128
8.1.2 Elementary consequences 130
8.1.2.1 General remarks on modeling the consequence cloud 130
8.1.2.2 Illustrations and practical considerations 132
8.1.3 Scales and dimensions 132
8.1.3.1 Methodological perspective: Definitions and illustrations 132
8.1.3.2 Types of scales and practical considerations 134
8.1.4 State indicators and consequence spectrum 135
8.1.5 Examples 137
8.2 Evaluating an Action: Dispersion Indicators to Model Imprecision,
Uncertainty, and Inaecurate Determination 144
8.2.1 Lack of knowledge and State indicator deficiencies 145
8.2.2 Dispersion thresholds 148
8.2.2.1 Intrinsic and nonintrinsic dispersion thresholds 148
8.2.2.2 Dispersion thresholds and indicators 150
8.2.2.3 Properties of intrinsic dispersion thresholds 151
8.2.3 Modulated dispersion indicators (or modulation indicators) 152
8.2.3.1 Dispersion factors determined from subjeetive opinions allowing
distinetions in State importance or likelihood 153
Table of Contents jx
8.2.3.2 Dispersion factors determined from objective observations
allowing qualitative modulation of State importance or
likelihood 155
8.2.3.3 Dispersion factors represented by distributions of
nonrandom magnitudes allowing quantitative modulation of
State importance or likelihood 157
8.2.3.4 Dispersion factors represented by probability distributions
allowing quantitative modulation of State importance or
likelihood 157
8.2.3.5 General form of modulation indicators: ordinal modulation and
additive modulation 157
8.2.4 Referenced dispersion indicator 158
8.2.5 Evaluating an action: Principles of clarity, universality, and reliability . 160
Chapter 9: Comparing Actions and Developing Criteria 163
Summary 163
9.1 The Concept of Criterion 164
9.1.1 Criteria and functions: General remarks 164
9.1.2 Definition and comments 167
9.2 Constructing Criteria from Consequences 170
9.2.1 Criterion function with one dimension and a point State indicator 170
9.2.2 Criteria with one dimension and a nonpoint State indicator 172
9.2.2.1 Point reduction on the dimension 173
a) Point reduction based on an average or a global mass .... 173
alj Examples and basic formulas 173
a.2) Basic remarks and a first look at Utility theory 174
b) Point reduction based on percentiles or on other dispersion
characteristics 176
c) Point equivalent: another look at Utility theory 177
9.2.2.2 Splitting dimension i 178
9.2.3 Criterion function based on a subset of dimensions 180
a) One dimension is dominant among the I dimensions 181
b) I consists of two or three dimensions whose scales can be
reduced to a few degrees 182
c) The elementary consequences associated with I are evaluated
on the same scale E, 182
d) The elementary consequences associated with I lead to a
natural synthesis for reasons other than those given in
a), b), c) 182
9.3 True Criteria, Semi-Criteria, Pre-Criteria, Pseudo-Criteria 184
9.3.1 True criterion and discriminating power of a criterion 184
9.3.2 Indifference and preference thresholds 188
9.3.3 Pseudo-criteria, semi-criteria, pre-criteria 191
9.3.4 Determining indifference and preference thresholds 193
a) General remarks 193
[
X Table of Contents
b) Case where g s support is a point indicator with thresholds . 194
c) Case where g is a point reduction criterion on dimension i . . 194
9.4 Gradations and Measures 194
9.4.1 Comparing preference differences along a criterion s significance axis . 195
9.4.2 Gradation and gradable criteria 199
9.4.3 Measures: Preference difference commensurability along a
criterion s significance axis 202
9.4.4 Von Neumann-Morgenstern expected Utility criteria and preference
difference commensurability based on lottery comparisons 205
9.4.4.1 Axiomatic foundations 205
9.4.4.2 Expected Utility as a measure 209
LEVELS III AND IV: HOW TO PROCEED FROM MULTIPLE CRITERIA
TO COMPREHENSIVE PREFERENCES AND
DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS 211
Chapter 10: Coherent Criterion Family and Decision Aiding in the
Description Problematic 215
Summary 215
10.1 Coherent Criterion Family 216
10.2 Performance Tableau 220
10.3 Descriptive and Constructive Approaches: Problem of Criteria Dependence . 223
10.3.1 Descriptive and constructive approaches 223
10.3.2 Structural or statistical dependence among criterion components .... 225
10.3.3 Value dependence: Links between significance axis preferences and
exterior consequences 227
10.4 Motivation for multiple criteria 230
10.4.1 Dominance 231
10.4.2 Rates of Substitution 232
10.4.3 Concordance 233
10.4.4 Discordance and veto 234
Chapter 11: Modeling Comprehensive Preferences: Three Operational
Approaches for Progressing beyond the Description
Problematic 237
Summary 237
11.1 Operational Approach and the Aggregation Problem 238
11.1.1 The Performance aggregation problem 238
1 1.1.2 Operational approach and options 239
11.2 Operational Approach 1: Use of a Single Synthesizing Criterion without
Incomparabilities 241
1 1.2.1 General presentation 241
1 1.2.2 Typical aggregation functions 244
11.2.3 Important comments 246
Table of Contents xi
11.3 Operational Approach 2: Synthesis by Outranking with Incomparabilities . . 247
11.3.1 General presentation 247
11.3.2 Typical outranking tests 250
11.3.3 Important comments 262
11.4 Operational Approach 3: Interactive Local Judgments with Trial-and-Error
Iterations 263
11.4.1 General presentation 263
11.4.2 Typical interaction protocols 264
11.4.3 Important comments 265
Chapter 12: Specific Difficulties in Choice, Sorting, and Ranking
Problematics 269
Summary 269
12.1 Choosing the Operational Approach 269
12.2 Problems with Non-Independent Actions 271
12.3 Problems with Multiple Scenarios 273
a) Eliminating the Performance level dispersion caused by the scenarios . . . 273
b) Synthesizing the results corresponding to each scenario 273
12.4 Problems with Conflicting Value Systems 274
12.5 Problems with Strategie Hesitations 275
12.6 Problems with Poorly Defined Sets of Actions and Hard-to-Estimate
Performance Levels 276
Bibliography 277
Index 289
|
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 079234166X |
| language | Undetermined |
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| physical | XXII, 292 S. graph. Darst. |
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| series | Nonconvex optimization and its applications |
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| spelling | Roy, Bernard Verfasser (DE-588)133838943 aut Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding by Bernard Roy Dordrecht <<[u.a.]>> Kluwer Acad. Publ. 1996 XXII, 292 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nonconvex optimization and its applications 12 Aus dem Franz. übers. Entscheidungsprozess (DE-588)4121202-2 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Entscheidungsprozess (DE-588)4121202-2 s Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s 1\p DE-604 Nonconvex optimization and its applications 12 (DE-604)BV010085908 12 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021760532&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Roy, Bernard Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding Nonconvex optimization and its applications Entscheidungsprozess (DE-588)4121202-2 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121202-2 (DE-588)4061963-1 |
| title | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding |
| title_auth | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding |
| title_exact_search | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding |
| title_full | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding by Bernard Roy |
| title_fullStr | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding by Bernard Roy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding by Bernard Roy |
| title_short | Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding |
| title_sort | multicriteria methodology for decision aiding |
| topic | Entscheidungsprozess (DE-588)4121202-2 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Entscheidungsprozess Unternehmen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021760532&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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