Break even analyses: basic model, variants, extensions
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Chichester <<[u.a.]>>
Wiley
1992
|
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 306 S. |
| ISBN: | 0471930652 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a22000001c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV026114772 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20110228 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 110326s1992 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 0471930652 |9 0-471-93065-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)611281420 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV026114772 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-188 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Schweitzer, Marcell |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Break even analysen |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Break even analyses |b basic model, variants, extensions |c Marcell Schweitzer ; Ernst Trossmann ; Gerald H. Lawson |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester <<[u.a.]>> |b Wiley |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 306 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Troßmann, Ernst |d 1953- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)11006089X |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lawson, Gerald H. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021706303&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021706303 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804144553977970688 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
Symbols and Abbreviations xiii
CHAPTER 1 Problem Definition for Break-even Analysis 1
CHAPTER 2 Basic Model of Break-even Analysis 3
I. Characterisation of the Basic Model of Break-even Analysis 3
1. The concept of break-even analysis 3
2. Historical development of break-even analysis 4
3. The break-even chart as a graphical presentation of the
break-even relationship 5
4. Break-even computational technique 9
(a) Cost analysis for break-even computations 9
(b) Computational formulae for the break-even point 18
II. Conditions for Applying the Basic Model of Break-even Analysis .... 20
1. Assumptions about the structure of the flow of goods in the
firm in question 21
2. Assumptions about cost and revenue components 24
(a) Activity as a single cost determinant 24
(b) Linearity of the cost function 27
(c) Linearity of the sales revenue function 29
3. Assumptions about the amount and quality of information 29
4. Assumptions about a firm s objectives 30
5. Assumptions about the time-dimension of the model s
predictions 33
6. Summary of the conditions in which the basic model of
break-even analysis can be applied 35
CHAPTER 3 Variants of Break-even Analysis 37
I. Survey of Variants of Break-even Analysis 37
II. Allowing for Special Features of Objectives 38
1. Prescribing a minimum level of profit 38
2. Computation of further break-even points 38
3. Special computation of cash flow break-even points 41
4. Time-related contribution budgets 43
5. Allowing for simple tax effects 45
6. Prescribing a profitability objective 48
vi _____ Contents
III. Allowing for Changes in the Magnitudes of Determinants 50
1. Variation in the contribution block 50
2. Variation in the unit contribution 51
3. Compensating cost changes 52
4. Changes in the relationship between contribution block
and unit contribution 54
IV. Application to Replacement Investments 59
V. Inclusion of Inventories 66
VI. Allowing for Sales Risk 67
1. Components of sales risk 67
2. The margin of safety as a break-even risk measure 69
3. The probability of an erroneous decision as a break-even
risk measure 70
4. The risk-chance relation as a break-even measure 74
5. Expected uncertainty costs as a break-even risk measure 77
6. The ratio of expected costs and expected profits as a break-even
risk measure 79
7. Comparison of the individual risk measures 81
CHAPTER 4 Extensions of Break-even Analysis 87
I. Survey of Extensions of Break-even Analysis 87
II. Break-even Analysis for Single-stage Multiproduct Manufacture 88
1. Adaption of the multiproduct case to the single-product
model 88
(a) Basic possibilities for the single variable treatment of
the multiproduct case 88
(b) Partitioning multiproduct analysis into a manifold
univariable break-even computation 88
(c) Reference back to the single-product case using a
unidimensional measurement of multiproduct output .... 92
(d) Break-even analysis in the joint production case as an
example of the application of a quantity-based input
index 95
(e) Example of break-even analysis with a quantity-
output index as a reference magnitude 96
(f) Example of break-even analysis with turnover as a
reference magnitude 98
2. Multidimensional break-even analysis in the case of
multiproduct manufacture 107
(a) Break-even analysis in the multiproduct case without
capacity restrictions 107
(b) Break-even analysis in the multiproduct case with
isolated capacity restrictions Ill
(c) Break-even analysis in the multiproduct case with
a joint bottleneck 114
(d) Simultaneous break-even analysis in the multiproduct
case with two or more joint capacity restrictions 119
Contents vii
III. Break-even Analysis in the Case of Multistage Multiproduct Manufacture 127
1. Break-even problems in the case of multistage manufacture .... 127
2. Multistage break-even analysis in the absence of prices
for intermediate products 129
(a) Analysis of a two-product problem 129
(b) Analysis of a multiproduct problem 132
3. Multistage break-even analysis with known transfer
prices for intermediate products 135
4. General approach for the determination of break-even
surfaces in the case of multistage manufacture 142
5. Computation of production-stage related break-even information 146
6. Dependence of the design of a multistage break-even analysis upon
the existing cost accounting system 150
IV. Break-even Analysis Based on Multidimensional Production
Functions 153
1. General characterisation of break-even analysis in the case
of multidimensional production functions 153
(a) Survey of approaches which allow for specific
characteristics of the production procedure in the
production and cost functions adopted 153
(b) Break-even analysis procedure in the case of a
multidimensional production function 156
2. Multidimensional break-even analysis: an example from the
plastics industry 159
(a) Description of polyurethane soft foam material as
an end-product 159
(b) Nature and composition of inputs in the production
of polyurethane soft foam material 161
(c) Transformation functions for the production of the
fictitiously-constituted intermediate product basic
mixture as a first production stage 166
(d) Transformation function for the relationship between the
input of basic mixture and the quantity of foam material
produced in the second production stage 176
(e) Specifying a function for the costs which vary with
respect to output 180
(f) Specifying a function for the costs which are fixed with
respect to the output of an individual layer 182
(g) Derivation of a break-even curve for an individual layer. 185
(h) Derivation of a break-even surface for an annual
revenue-cost relationship 189
(i) Evaluation of the production-theoretic break-even
analysis in the case discussed 196
V. Multiperiod and Dynamic Break-even Analysis 197
1. Multiperiod break-even analysis 197
(a) Multiyear trend computation as a multiperiod break-even
analysis 197
viii ^^_^__^^_^_ Contents
(b) Multiperiod break-even analysis in the case of a short
production time and long-term capital deployment 198
(c) Multiperiod break-even analysis when there are long
production times 205
(d) Multiperiod break-even analysis and continuous
discounting 207
2. Dynamic break-even analysis based on a dynamic production function 214
(a) Concept of break-even analysis in the case of dynamic
production relations 214
(b) Simultaneous dynamic break-even analysis in the case of
capacity restrictions 218
VI. Non-linear Break-even Analysis 223
1. Survey of non-linear break-even approaches 223
2. Simplification of non-linear break-even relationships by
stepwise linearisation 224
3. Possible ways of explicitly allowing for non-linearities in
break-even analyses 227
VII. Stochastic Break-even Analysis 228
1. Survey of stochastic break-even approaches 228
2. Probabilistic statements on the attainment of break-even points. 232
(a) Break-even probabilities in the single-product case 232
(b) Break-even probabilities in the multiproduct case 236
3. Probabilistic statements on the locality of break-even points.... 240
(a) Approaches for taking account of the stochastic nature
of break-even points 240
(b) Analysis of an example of stochastic break-even analysis
from the glass-fibre industry 243
VIII. Break-even Analysis with Different Objectives 249
1. Break-even considerations in the case of non-profit-making
objectives 249
2. Break-even analysis with simultaneous consideration of
multiple goals 251
(a) General presentation of break-even analysis with
multiple goals 251
(b) Computation of the break-even hyperplane in the
case of multiple goals 253
IX. Implications for Break-even Analysis of the Relationship Between
Accruals and Cash Flow Variables 256
1. Nature of the problem 256
2. Formal analysis 257
(a) Structure of the problem 257
(b) Periodic working capital investment 258
(c) Periodic depreciation shortfall (excess of periodic capital
expenditure over periodic depreciation) 259
(d) Periodic change in liquidity 260
(e) Summary: Periodic differences between accruals and
cash flows 260
Contents ix
(f) Cumulative Gj and cumulative ENCFj over the full
lifetime of a firm 261
3. Empirical analysis 262
4. Break-even implications of the accruals-cash flow
relationship from a managerial standpoint: detailed illustration . 266
5. Algebraic analysis of break-even price-output decisions and
further illustrations 273
(a) Analysis of conventionally calculated pre-depreciation
profit 273
(b) Break-even conditions (conventional accruals basis)... 273
(c) Cash flow analysis 274
(d) Break-even conditions (cash flow basis) 274
(e) Selling price—sales volume relationship for attaining
a target cash flow 275
(f) Break-even volumes and break-even selling prices 276
6. Summary 276
CHAPTER 5 The Significance of Break-even Analyses in the Planning,
Management and Control of the Business Process 279
APPENDICES
Appendix I Rearrangement of the formula for the expected value of
normally distributed uncertainty costs to facilitate the
use of tabular values 283
Appendix II Extracts from tables 286
Table A.I Selected values of the distribution function i (z*) of the
standard normal distribution 286
Table A.2 Selected values of the function U(z) 287
Table A.3 Selected values of absolute atmospheric humidity as a
function of temperature 288
Appendix III General mathematical formulation of the industrial learning
curve 289
Bibliography 291
Author Index 299
Subject Index 301
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Schweitzer, Marcell |
| author_GND | (DE-588)11006089X |
| author_facet | Schweitzer, Marcell |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Schweitzer, Marcell |
| author_variant | m s ms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV026114772 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)611281420 (DE-599)BVBBV026114772 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01164nam a22003011c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV026114772</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20110228 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">110326s1992 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0471930652</subfield><subfield code="9">0-471-93065-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)611281420</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV026114772</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Schweitzer, Marcell</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="240" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Break even analysen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Break even analyses</subfield><subfield code="b">basic model, variants, extensions</subfield><subfield code="c">Marcell Schweitzer ; Ernst Trossmann ; Gerald H. Lawson</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Chichester <<[u.a.]>></subfield><subfield code="b">Wiley</subfield><subfield code="c">1992</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XVI, 306 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Troßmann, Ernst</subfield><subfield code="d">1953-</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)11006089X</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lawson, Gerald H.</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021706303&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021706303</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV026114772 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:05:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471930652 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021706303 |
| oclc_num | 611281420 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 |
| physical | XVI, 306 S. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Schweitzer, Marcell Verfasser aut Break even analysen Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions Marcell Schweitzer ; Ernst Trossmann ; Gerald H. Lawson Chichester <<[u.a.]>> Wiley 1992 XVI, 306 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Troßmann, Ernst 1953- Sonstige (DE-588)11006089X oth Lawson, Gerald H. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021706303&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Schweitzer, Marcell Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions |
| title | Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions |
| title_alt | Break even analysen |
| title_auth | Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions |
| title_exact_search | Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions |
| title_full | Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions Marcell Schweitzer ; Ernst Trossmann ; Gerald H. Lawson |
| title_fullStr | Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions Marcell Schweitzer ; Ernst Trossmann ; Gerald H. Lawson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Break even analyses basic model, variants, extensions Marcell Schweitzer ; Ernst Trossmann ; Gerald H. Lawson |
| title_short | Break even analyses |
| title_sort | break even analyses basic model variants extensions |
| title_sub | basic model, variants, extensions |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021706303&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schweitzermarcell breakevenanalysen AT troßmannernst breakevenanalysen AT lawsongeraldh breakevenanalysen AT schweitzermarcell breakevenanalysesbasicmodelvariantsextensions AT troßmannernst breakevenanalysesbasicmodelvariantsextensions AT lawsongeraldh breakevenanalysesbasicmodelvariantsextensions |