Rāfiq, ʿ. (1981). Al- Mašriq ʾl-ʿarabī fī al-ʿahd al-ʿUṯmānī. Ǧāmiʿat Dimašq.
Chicago Style (17th ed.) CitationRāfiq, ʿAbd-al-Karīm. Al- Mašriq ʾl-ʿarabī Fī Al-ʿahd Al-ʿUṯmānī. Dimašq: Ǧāmiʿat Dimašq, 1981.
MLA (9th ed.) CitationRāfiq, ʿAbd-al-Karīm. Al- Mašriq ʾl-ʿarabī Fī Al-ʿahd Al-ʿUṯmānī. Ǧāmiʿat Dimašq, 1981.
Warning: These citations may not always be 100% accurate.