Principles of population genetics:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sunderland, Mass.
Sinauer Associates, Inc.
1997
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 542 S.: graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0878933069 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hartl, Daniel L. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of population genetics |c Daniel L. Hartl ; Andrew G. Clark |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Sunderland, Mass. |b Sinauer Associates, Inc. |c 1997 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 542 S.: graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804141377746894848 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Daniel L Hartl
Harvard University
Andrew C Clark
Pennsylvania State University
Principles of
Population Genetics
THIRD EDITION
UX~ Sinauer Associates, Inc Publishers
A I Sunderland, Massachusetts
Table of Contents
PREFACE XI
ffji GENETIC AND STATISTICAL
LUJ BACKGROUND 1
Gene Expression and Gene Interaction 2
Gene Expression 3
The Genetic Code 6
Alleles 8
Genotype and Phenotype 8
Dominance and Gene Interaction 11
Segregation and Recombination 12
Probability in Population Genetics 15
The Addition Rule 16
The Multiplication Rule 16
Repeated Trials 17
Phenotypic Diversity and Genetic
Variation 20
Allele Frequencies in Populations 20
Parameters and Estimates 22
The Standard Error of an Estimate 22
Models in Population Genetics 26
Exponential Population Growth 27
Logistic Population Growth 31
Summary 33
Problems 34
[5)1 GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC
l^j VARIATION 37
Phenotypic Variation in Natural
Populations 37
Continuous Variation: The Normal Distrib-
ution 38
Mean and Variance 39
Central Limit Theorem 41
Discrete Mendelian Variation 43
Experimental Methods for Detecting
Genetic Variation 44
Protein Electrophoresis 45
The Southern Blot Procedure 48
The Polymerase Chain Reaction 51
Polymorphism and Heterozygosity 53
Allozyme Polymorphisms 54
How Representative Are Allozymes ? 56
Polymorphisms in DNA Sequences 57
Nucleotide Polymorphism and Nucleotide
Diversity 57
Uses of Genetic Polymorphisms 62
Multiple-Factor Inheritance 64
Summary 66
Problems 68
[fil ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC
amp;1 VARIATION 74
Random Mating 72
Nonoverlapping Generations 73
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle 74
Random Mating of Genotypes versus
Random Union of Gametes 76
Implications of the Hardy-Weinberg
Principle 79
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle in
Operation 80
Complications of Dominance 84
Frequency of Heterozygotes 87
Special Cases of Random Mating 88
Three or More Alleles 88
X-Linked Genes 92
Table of Contents vii
Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium
Summary 106
Problems 107
POPULATION SUBSTRUCTURE
Hierarchical Population Structure 111
Reduction in Heterozygosity 112
Average Heterozygosity 114
Wright s ¥ Statistics 117
Genetic Divergence among Subpopulations
Isolate Breaking: The Wahlund Principle
Wahlund s Principle and the Fixation Index
Genotype Frequencies in Subdivided Popu-
lations 127
Population Genetics in DNA Typing
Polymorphisms Based on a Variable Num-
ber of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) 129
Match Probabilities with Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium and Linkage Equilibrium
Effects of Population Substructure 132
Inbreeding 135
Genotype Frequencies with Inbreeding
Relation between the Inbreeding Coefficient
and the F Statistics 139
The Inbreeding Coefficient as a Probability
Genetic Effects of Inbreeding 145
Calculation of the Inbreeding Coefficient
from Pedigrees 149
Regular Systems of Mating 153
Assortative Mating 155
Summary 158
Problems 159
[Sj SOURCES OF VARIATION 163
Mutation 163
Irreversible Mutation 164
Reversible Mutation 168
Probability of Fixation of a New Neutral
Mutation 170
The Infinite-Alleles Model 174
Neutral Mutations 177
Linkage and Recombination 180
Presumed Evolutionary Benefit of Recombi-
nation 181
Recombination and Polymorphism 181
Piecewise Recombination in Bacteria 186
Absence of Recombination in Animal
Mitochondrial DNA 187
Migration 189
One-Way Migration 189
The Island Model of Migration 192
How Migration Limits Genetic Divergence
Estimates of Migration Rates 196
Patterns of Migration 196
Transposable Elements 198
Factors Controlling the Population Dyna-
mics of Transposable Elements 200
Insertion Sequences and Composite Trans-
posons in Bacteria 200
Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes 204
Horizontal Transmission of Transposable
Elements 204
Summary 206
Problems 208
[8] DARWINIAN SELECTION 211
Selection in Haploid Organisms 212
Discrete Generations 212
Continuous Time 216
Change in Allele Frequency in Haploids
viii Table of Contents
Darwinian Fitness and Malthusian Fitness
Selection in Diploid Organisms 218
Change in Allele Frequency in Diploids
Time Required for a Given Change in Allele
Frequency 222
Application to the Evolution of Insecticide
Resistance 226
Equilibria with Selection 227
Overdominance 228
Local Stability 232
Heterozygote Inferiority 234
The Adaptive Topography and the Role of
Random Genetic Drift 236
Mutation-Selection Balance 236
Equilibrium Allele Frequencies 237
The Haldane-Muller Principle 239
More Complex Types of Selection 240
Frequency-Dependent Selection 240
Density-Dependent Selection 241
Fecundity Selection 241
Age-Structured Populations 242
Heterogeneous Environments and Clines
Diversifying Selection 244
Differential Selection in the Sexes 246
X-linked Genes 246
Gametic Selection 246
Meiotic Drive 247
Multiple Alleles 250
Multiple Loci and Gene Interaction:
Epistasis 252
Sexual Selection 255
Kin Selection 256
Interdeme Selection and the Shifting
Balance Theory 259
Summary 262
Problems 264
U] RANDOM GENETIC DRIFT 267
Random Genetic Drift and Binomial
Sampling 267
The Wright-Fisher Model of Random
Genetic Drift 274
The Diffusion Approximation 277
Absorption Time and Time to Fixation 282
Parallelism between Random Drift and
Inbreeding 283
Effective Population Size 289
Fluctuation in Population Size 290
Unequal Sex Ratio, Sex Chromosomes,
Organelle Genes 292
Balance between Mutation and Drift
Infinite Alleles Model 294
The Ewens Sampling Formula 296
The Ewens-Watterson Test 298
Infinite-Sites Model 300
Gene Trees and the Coalescent 304
Coalescent Models with Mutation 308
Summary 310
Problems 312
MOLECULAR POPULATION
GENETICS 315
The Neutral Theory and Molecular
Evolution 315
Theoretical Principles of the Neutral Theory
Estimating Rates of Molecular Sequence
Divergence 320
Rates ofAmino Acid Replacement 320
Rates of Nucleotide Substitution 324
Other Measures of Molecular Divergence
The Molecular Clock 328
Variation across Genes in the Rate of the
Molecular Clock 331
Table of Contents ix
Variation across Lineages in Clock Rate
The Generation-Time Effect 336
Does the Constancy of Substitution Rates
Prove the Neutral Theory? 337
Patterns of Nucleotide and Amino Acid
Substitution 338
Calculating Synonymous and Nonsynony-
mous Substitution Rates 338
Within-Species Polymorphism 345
Implications ofCodon Bias 348
Polymorphism and Divergence in
Nucleotide Sequence Data 349
Impact of Local Recombination Rates 353
Gene Genealogies 354
Hypothesis Testing Using Trees 356
Inferences about Migration Based on Gene
Trees 360
Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA
Evolution 361
Chloroplast DNA and Organelle
Transmission in Plants 365
Maintenance of Variation in Organelle
Genomes 366
Evidence for Selection in mtDNA 367
Molecular Phylogenetics 368
Algorithms for Phylogenetic Tree
Reconstruction 368
Distance Methods versus Parsimony 372
Bootstrapping and Statistical Confidence
in a Tree 372
Shared Polymorphism 373
Interspecific Genetics 374
Multigene Families 374
Causes of Concerted Evolution 375
Multigene Family Evolution through a
Birth and Death Process 378
Structural RNA Genes and Compensatory
Substitutions 382
Multigene Superfamilies 383
Dispersed Highly Repetitive DNA
Sequences 385
Summary 390
Problems 392
QUANTITATIVE GENETICS 397
Types of Quantitative Traits 398
Resemblance between Relatives and
the Concept of Heritability 400
Artificial Selection and Realized
Heritability 406
Prediction Equation for Individual
Selection 407
Selection Limits 411
Genetic Models for Quantitative Traits
Change in Gene Frequency 421
Genetic Model for the Change in Mean
Phenotype 423
Components of Phenotypic Variance 424
Genetic and Environmental Sources of
Variation 425
Components ofGenotypic Variation 430
Covariance between Relatives 434
Twin Studies and Inferences of Heritability
in Humans 440
Experimental Assessment of Genetic
Variance Components 442
Indirect Estimation of the Number of Genes
Affecting a Quantitative Character 445
Norm of Reaction and Phenotypic
Plasticity 448
Threshold Traits and the Genetics of
Liability 452
Correlated Response and Genetic
Correlation 454
Inference ofSelection from Phenotypic
Data 458
Evolution of Quantitative Traits 460
x Table of Contents
Random Genetic Drift and Phenotypic SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER
Evolution 461 READING 483
Mutation-Selection Balance 465
Quantitative Trait Loci 467 ANSMRS TO CHAPTER-END
,, ~
T a rKUbLtMb 48/
Mapping Genes that Influence
Quantitative Characters 467 mCRAPHY tns
Significance Testing of QTLs 470 BIBLIOGRAPHY 505
Composite Interval Mapping and AUTHOR INDFX S71
Other Refinements 471 AUTHOR INDEX 521
What Have We Learned from Mapping
QTLs? 473 SUBJECT INDEX 525
Summary 476
Problems 479
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hartl, Daniel L. Clark, Andrew G. |
| author_facet | Hartl, Daniel L. Clark, Andrew G. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Hartl, Daniel L. |
| author_variant | d l h dl dlh a g c ag agc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV025916570 |
| classification_rvk | WG 8000 WG 8200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)247145551 (DE-599)BVBBV025916570 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| isbn | 0878933069 |
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| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
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| publisher | Sinauer Associates, Inc. |
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| spelling | Hartl, Daniel L. Verfasser aut Principles of population genetics Daniel L. Hartl ; Andrew G. Clark 3. ed. Sunderland, Mass. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 1997 XIII, 542 S.: graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Populationsgenetik (DE-588)4046804-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Populationsgenetik (DE-588)4046804-5 s DE-604 Clark, Andrew G. Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019161769&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hartl, Daniel L. Clark, Andrew G. Principles of population genetics Populationsgenetik (DE-588)4046804-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046804-5 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Principles of population genetics |
| title_auth | Principles of population genetics |
| title_exact_search | Principles of population genetics |
| title_full | Principles of population genetics Daniel L. Hartl ; Andrew G. Clark |
| title_fullStr | Principles of population genetics Daniel L. Hartl ; Andrew G. Clark |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of population genetics Daniel L. Hartl ; Andrew G. Clark |
| title_short | Principles of population genetics |
| title_sort | principles of population genetics |
| topic | Populationsgenetik (DE-588)4046804-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Populationsgenetik Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019161769&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hartldaniell principlesofpopulationgenetics AT clarkandrewg principlesofpopulationgenetics |