Elementary particles:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1991
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 431 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0521404029 0521407397 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804141320240889856 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Elementary
particles
THIRD EDITION
IS^ HUGHES
University of Glasgow
The riglu „ / the
University of Cambridge
to print anil sell
all ntanner of hooks
wa* gruntctl by
Hairy VIII in 1534
The University has printed
and published twtiiiiuousty
since I5M
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge
New York Port Chester
Melbourne Sydney
Contents
Preface to the third edition xvii
Preface to the first and second editions xix
1 Accelerators, beams and detectors 1
1 1 Introduction 1
1 2 Particle accelerators and beams 1
121 Introduction 1
122 Colliding beams and available energy in the centre of
mass 3
123 Beam stability and accelerator magnet configurations 5
124 Synchrotron radiation 7
125 An example of an operating accelerator - the CERN
Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the LEP ?+- ?
collider 8
126 Particle beams for fixed-target experiments 13
127 Particle separators 14
1 3 Particle detectors 16
131 General considerations 16
132 Bubble chambers 19
133 Multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) 22
134 Drift chambers 23
135 Scintillation counters 25
IX
Contents
3 6 Cerenkov counters 29
3 7 Calorimeters 32
3 8 Electromagnetic calorimeters 33
3 9 Hadron calorimeters 39
3 10 Nuclear emulsions 40
3 11 Semiconductor counters 40
3 12 Transition radiation 41
3 13 Electronics and computers 42
2 Pions and Muons 43
2 1 Introduction 43
2 2 Prediction of the 7r-mesons by Yukawa 43
2 3 Discovery of pions and muons 52
2 4 Properties of charged pions and of muons 57
241 Meson production 57
242 Pion mass 58
243 Decay of charged pions and muons 58
2 5 The neutral re-mesons 60
2 6 Best determination of the mass and lifetime of the neutral re-meson 63
2 7 The spin of the charged re-meson 65
2 8 Resume concerning parity and the parity of the charged re-meson 69
2 9 Spin and parity of the neutral re-meson 72
2 10 Isotopic spin for the n-meson 75
2 11 Pion-proton scattering 76
3 Conservation laws 81
3 1 General features of conservation laws 81
3 2 Conservation laws in quantum theory 82
3 3 Parity conservation 84
3 4 Operators and transformations in quantum theory 85
3 5 Angular momentum conservation in quantum theory 86
3 6 Conservation of isotopic spin 87
3 7 The generalised Pauli principle 91
3 8 Additive conservation laws 93
3 9 Antiprotons and the conservation of baryons 93
3 10 Lepton conservation 97
3 11 Muon and electron conservation and the two neutrinos 98
3 12 The T-lepton 102
4 Strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions 105
4 1 Types of interactions 105
4 2 Coupling constants: dimensions 106
4 3 Coupling constants and decay lifetimes 107
4 4 Coupling constants and reaction cross-sections 109
Strange particles
V° particles
Charged K-mesons
Mass and lifetime for charged K-mesons
531 Mass
532 Lifetime
Neutral K-mesons
The A-hyperon
The Ii-hyperons
The £°-hyperon
The E~-hyperon
The E°-hyperon
The fi~-hyperon
Strange-particle production and decay
Strangeness
Hypercharge
Contents xi
HI
6 Spin and parity of the K-mesons and non-conservation of parity in
weak interactions 136
6 1 The x-Q problem 136
6 2 Spin-parity for the 0-meson, K - nn 136
6 3 Spin-parity for the r-meson, K -• nnn 137
6 4 Distribution in the Dalitz plot for the T-decay 141
6 5 Other examples of parity non-conservation in weak decay
processes 142
7 Weak interactions: basic ideas 147
7 1 Introduction 147
7 2 Neutron /?-decay: phenomenology 148
7 3 The matrix element for /?-decay 149
7 4 Parity non-conservation in yS-decay 153
7 5 Weak decays of strange particles 156
8 Invariance under the CP and T operations, properties of K°-mesons 159
8 1 The TCP theorem 159
8 2 The K°-particles and invariance under the operator CP 160
8 3 The development of a K°-beam 163
8 4 Time variation of the neutral kaons 165
8 5 Failure of invariance under CP in K°-decay 166
8 6 CPT invariance 173
87C and P invariance in strong interactions 174
8 8 C, P and T invariance in electromagnetic interactions 175
xii Contents
9 Strongly-decaying resonances 180
9 1 Introduction 180
9 2 The A (1232): formation experiments 181
9 3 Resonance spin and parity: the A (1232) 182
9 4 Production experiments 184
9 5 The Dalitz plot 190
9 6 Resonances with B=1 and 5=0 194
9 7 Resonances with B=1 and 5=-1 195
9 8 Resonances with B=1 and S=-2 201
9 9 Meson resonances: quantum numbers: J, I, Pt C 202
9 10 Meson resonances: C-parity 203
9 11 Meson resonances: spin and parity 205
9 11 1 Pseudo-scalar mesons 206
9 11 2 Vector mesons 208
9 11 3 The tensor nonet 211
9 11 4 Other meson resonances 215
10 SU(3) and the quark model: classification and dynamic probes 216
10 1 Introduction 216
10 2 Baryon and meson multiplets 217
10 3 Symmetry groups 217
10 4 The SU(3) classification and the quark model 221
10 5 Prediction of the Q~ 225
10 6 Mass formulae and mixing 226
10 7 Mesons and baryohs constructed from quarks 230
10 8 The orbital excitation model for quarks 231
10 9 Developments of the quark model: magnetic moments 232
10 10 Nucleon structure from scattering experiments 234
10 10 1 Elements of scattering theory: elastic scattering 234
10 10 2 Elements of scattering theory: inelastic scattering 235
10 10 3 Bjorken scaling and partons 237
10 10 4 Parton spins 238
10 11 The search for free quarks 240
11 Weak interactions and weak-electromagnetic unification 242
11 1 Cabbibo mixing 242
11 2 v-interactions and the unitarity problem 243
11 3 Neutral currents 247
11 4 Gauge theories and the Weinberg-Salam model 248
11 4 1 Global gauge transformations 250
11 4 2 Local gauge transformations 251
11 4 3 Yang-Mills gauge theory and weak/-spin 252
Contents xiii
11 4 4 Spontaneous symmetry breaking 253
11 4 5 The Standard Model 255
11 5 Weak-electromagnetic interference measurements 258
11 5 1 Electro-weak interference in e+e~ -* n*ir 258
11 5 2 Parity non-conservation in inelastic electron scattering 259
11 6 Experimental discovery of the W± and Z° 262
11 6 1 Masses and branching fractions 262
11 6 2 The UA1 detector 265
11 6 3 Event selection and data 267
11 6 4 Z° production in e*-e~ colliders 271
11 6 5 Comparison with the Standard Model and the number of
neutrino generations 274
11 7 Search for the Higgs boson 277
New flavours
Prediction of charm
Discovery of the J/ p
12 2 1 Properties of the J/iy
Charmonium
Charmed hadrons
Symmetry including charm - SU(4)
Upsilon and the b-quark
Search for the t-quark
Six flavours and weak decays
Quark and gluon interactions
Colour
Quantum chromodynamics
Quark-quark interactions
Jets and quark fragmentation
Gluons and gluon couplings
Status of QCD
Higher symmetries
Grand unification
Proton decay
14 2 1 Lifetime and decay modes
14 2 2 Measurements
Magnetic monopoles
Supersymmetry
14 4 1 General features of supersymmetry
14 4 2 The search for SUSY particles
Superstrings
xiv Contents
15 Particle physics and cosmology 332
15 1 Introduction 332
15 2 The Big Bang 333
15 2 1 The expansion of the universe and Hubble s law 334
15 2 2 The Friedmann equation 335
15 2 3 The early universe - content and coupling 339
15 2 4 Decoupling and the 2 7K cosmic background radiation 340
15 2 5 Primordial abundance of the elements 342
15 2 6 The matter-antimatter asymmetry 344
15 2 7 Inflation 346
15 3 Dark matter 353
15 3 1 Evidence for dark matter 353
15 3 2 Nature of the dark matter 355
15 3 3 Detection of axions and WIMPs 359
Axions 359
WIMPs 360
15 4 Neutrinos 362
15 4 1 Neutrinos from the Sun 362
The Standard Solar Model (SSM) 362
The solar neutrino problem 365
15 4 2 Neutrino oscillations 366
15 4 3 Neutrino oscillation experiments 374
15 4 4 Neutrino magnetic moment 378
15 4 5 Neutrino detection 379
The 37C1 detector at the Homestake Mine 379
Other activation experiments 380
Neutrino-electron scattering detectors - Kamiokande II 381
Other real-time detectors 382
15 4 6 Direct neutrino mass measurement 383
15 4 7 SN1987A 386
16 Epilogue 391
Appendix A: Relativistic kinematics and phase space 393
A I Lorentz transformations 393
A 2 The centre-of-mass system 396
A 3 Geometrical picture of transformations 398
A 4 Decay length 399
A 5 Limiting kinematic relationships for many-particle systems 400
A 6 Processes with three particles in the final state: the Dalitz plot 402
A 7 Phase space 405
Contents xv
Appendix B: Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and particle properties 410
B I Clebsch-Gordan coefficients 410
B 2 Particle properties 411
B21 Stable particles (stable or decaying by weak or elec-
tromagnetic transitions) 412
B22 Strongly-decaying particles 414
References 421
Index 426
|
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| spelling | Elementary particles I. S. Hughes 3. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1991 XXII, 431 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd rswk-swf Hochenergiephysik (DE-588)4127286-9 gnd rswk-swf Elementarteilchen (DE-588)4014413-6 gnd rswk-swf Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 s DE-604 Hochenergiephysik (DE-588)4127286-9 s 1\p DE-604 Elementarteilchen (DE-588)4014413-6 s 2\p DE-604 Hughes, Ian Simpson Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019113817&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Elementary particles Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd Hochenergiephysik (DE-588)4127286-9 gnd Elementarteilchen (DE-588)4014413-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014414-8 (DE-588)4127286-9 (DE-588)4014413-6 |
| title | Elementary particles |
| title_auth | Elementary particles |
| title_exact_search | Elementary particles |
| title_full | Elementary particles I. S. Hughes |
| title_fullStr | Elementary particles I. S. Hughes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elementary particles I. S. Hughes |
| title_short | Elementary particles |
| title_sort | elementary particles |
| topic | Elementarteilchenphysik (DE-588)4014414-8 gnd Hochenergiephysik (DE-588)4127286-9 gnd Elementarteilchen (DE-588)4014413-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Elementarteilchenphysik Hochenergiephysik Elementarteilchen |
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