Plant toxin analysis:
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| Other Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | German |
| Published: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest
Springer
1992
|
| Series: | Modern methods of plant analysis
13 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | XXV, 389 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540523286 0387523286 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Plant toxin analysis |c ed. by H. F. Linskens and J. F. Jackson. Contributors J. T. Arnason ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest |b Springer |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 389 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Modern methods of plant analysis |v N.S., 13 | |
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| adam_text | PLANT TOXIN ANALYSIS
EDITED BY
H
. F. LINSKENS AND J. F. JACKSON
CONTRIBUTOR
S
J. T. ARNASO
N R. R. AUCION B. BEIBMAN W. BORS A. BREIMAN
A
. M. BRINKER E.F
. ELSTNER R. FALL E. GALUN A. J. HILLS
H.M.KALIS
Z M.E.KALIS
Z K.-H. KOGEL K. KOHMOTO
R.K
. MONSON M. R.A.MORGA
N S.D. MURPHY P.L
. PFAHLER
M. SARAN E.SCHNEIDE
R D.S. SEIGLER L.M.V
. SOARES
A
. STIERLE D. STIERLE G. STROBEL F. SUGAWARA K.RUDOLP
H
C. M. WARD A
. P. WILKINSON K. WYDRA
WITH 33 FIGURES
SPRINGER-VERLAG
BERLIN HEIDELBERG NEW YORK
LONDON PARIS TOKYO
HON
G KONG BARCELONA
BUDAPEST
CONTENTS
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PHYTOTOXINS
A.
STIERLE
,
G.
STROBEL
,
D.
STIERLE
,
AND F.
SUGAWARA
(WITH 4 FIGURES)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 1
2 CULTURING CONSIDERATIONS 3
3 BIOASSAY TECHNIQUES 4
4 SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 4
4.1 COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY 5
4.1.1 GEL FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY 6
4.1.2 REVERSE PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY 9
4.2 CENTRIFUGAL COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY 12
5 STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION TECHNIQUES 16
5.1 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 16
5.2 MASS SPECTROMETRY 23
5.2.1 CHEMICAL IONIZATION 25
5.2.2 FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT 28
REFERENCES 30
QUANTITATIVE ASSAYS OF PHYTOTOXINS USING PLANT PROTOPLASTS
AND ISOLATED CELLS
E.
GALU
N
AND A.
BREIMA
N
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 33
2 ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF CELLS AND PROTOPLASTS
FOR PHYTOTOXIN BIOASSAYS 35
2.1 ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CULTURED PLANT CELLS
FOR PHYTOTOXIN BIOASSAYS 35
2.2 ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF PROTOPLASTS FOR PHYTOTOXIN BIOASSAYS . 38
3 SPECIFIC BIOASSAYS 41
3.1 BIOASSAY OF TOXICITY IMPOSED BY A CULTURE-FILTRATE
FROM
XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS
ON PEACH MESOPHYLL CELLS 41
3.1.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND BACKGROUND 41
XII CONTENTS
3.1.2 PROTOCO
L 42
3.2 THE EVALUATION OF TOXICITY OF A
PHYTOPHTHORA CITROPHTHORA
CULTURE FILTRATE BY
CITRUS
PROTOPLAST
S 42
3.2.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND BACKGROUND 42
3.2.2 PROTOCO
L 43
3.3 BIOASSAY OF CERCOSPORIN BY TOBACCO CELLS 44
3.3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND BACKGROUND 44
3.3.2 PROTOCO
L 45
3.4 BIOASSAY OF SIRODESMIN BY
BRASSICA
PROTOPLAST
S AN
D CELLS ...
. 46
3.4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND BACKGROUND 46
3.4.2 PROTOCO
L 46
3.5 BIOASSAY OF
HELMINTHOSPORIUM MAYDIS
RACE T TOXIN
WITH MAIZE PROTOPLAST
S 47
3.5.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AN
D BACKGROUND 47
3.5.2 PROTOCO
L 47
REFERENCES 48
DETERMINATION OF HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS
K
. KOHMOT
O
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 51
2 DEFINITION OF HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN 53
3 BIOASSAY OF HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS 54
3.1 LEAF ASSAY 54
3.2 SHOO
T ASSAY 56
3.3 ROOT GROWTH ASSAY (SEEDS ASSAY) 56
3.4 POLLEN ASSAY 57
3.5 ISOLATED CELL ASSAY 57
3.6 PROTOPLAS
T ASSAY 58
3.7 ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE ASSAY 60
3.8 CO
2
-FIXATION ASSAY 61
3.9 AMIN
O ACID INCORPORATIO
N ASSAY 63
3.10 INFECTION INDUCTION ASSAY 63
4 HPL
C ANALYSIS OF HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS 64
4.1 AK-TOXIN AND AF-TOXIN 65
4.2 ACT-TOXIN 66
4.3 AM-TOXIN 67
4.4 AAL-TOXIN 67
4.5 HV-TOXIN (VICTORIN) 68
4.6 HC-TOXIN 69
4.7 HS-TOXIN 70
REFERENCES 71
CONTENTS XIII
EVALUATING THE PHOTOTOXICITY AND PHOTOGENOTOXICITY
OF PLANT SECONDARY COMPOUNDS
R. R.
AUCOIN
,
E.
SCHNEIDER
,
AND J. T.
ARNASO
N
(WITH 1 FIGURE)
1 INTRODUCTION 75
2 BIOASSAYS FOR PHOTOTOXICITY 78
2.1 LIGHT SOURCES AND FILTERS 78
2.2 YEAST BIOASSAY 78
2.3 BACTERIAL BIOASSAYS 79
2.4 MOSQUITO LARVAE BIOASSAY 80
2.5 BRINE SHRIMP BIOASSAY 80
3 PHOTOGENOTOXICITY 81
4 PLANT PEST BIOASSAYS 82
4.1 PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS 82
4.2 FUNGAL PATHOGENS 82
5 SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS 83
REFERENCES 84
TOXIC EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES
H
. M.
KALIS
Z
AND M. E.
KALIS
Z
1 INTRODUCTION 87
2 SOURCES OF ENZYMES 88
2.1 PLAN
T ENZYMES 88
2.2 MICROBIAL ENZYMES 89
3 PURIFICATION 89
3.1 ISOLATION AND INITIAL FRACTIONATION 89
3.2 LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY 90
3.3 ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS METHODS 90
3.4 WESTERN, OR PROTEIN, BLOTTING 91
4 ANALYTICAL METHODS 92
4.1 DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATION 92
4.1.1 ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION 92
4.1.2 BIURET METHOD 92
4.1.3 LOWRY METHOD 92
4.1.4 DYE-BINDING METHOD 92
4.1.5 BICINCHONINIC ACID (BCA) METHOD 93
4.2 MEASUREMENT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY 93
4.2.1 REDUCING SUGAR ANALYSIS 94
4.2.2 MEASUREMENT OF /M ,3-GLUCANASE ACTIVITY 94
4.2.3 MEASUREMENT OF CHITINASE ACTIVITY 94
4.2.4 MEASUREMENT OF PROTEINASE ACTIVITY 95
XIV CONTENTS
4.2.5 MEASUREMENT OF PECTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY 96
4.2.6 MEASUREMENT OF CUTINAS
E ACTIVITY 97
4.2.7 MEASUREMENT OF CELLULASE ACTIVITY 98
4.2.8 MEASUREMENT OF XYLANASE ACTIVITY 99
4.2.9 MEASUREMENT OF LIGNINASE ACTIVITY 99
4.3 ACTIVITY STAIN FOR ENZYMES RESOLVED BY ELECTROPHORESIS 100
4.3.1 SUBSTRATE INCORPORATIO
N IN ELECTROPHORETI
C GEL 100
4.3.2 SUBSTRATE INCORPORATIO
N IN OVERLAY GEL 100
4.3.3 IMMERSION OF GELS IN BUFFERED SUBSTRATE SOLUTION 101
4.4 DEMONSTRATIO
N OF TOXIC ACTIO
N OF ENZYMES 101
4.4.1 DEMONSTRATIO
N OF ANTIMICROBIA
L ACTIVITY
OF PLAN
T ENZYMES 101
4.4.2 DEMONSTRATIO
N OF IMPORTANC
E OF MICROBIAL ENZYMES
IN PLAN
T PATHOGENESIS 103
REFERENCES 105
ANALYSIS OF TOXIC EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES
K.
WYNDR
A
AN
D K.
RUDOLP
H
(WITH 2 FIGURES)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 113
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PLAN
T CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES 115
2.1 CLASSIFICATION 115
2.2 LOCALIZATION 115
2.3 FUNCTION (TOXICITY) 116
2.3.1 DIRECT TOXICITY 116
2.3.2 INDIRECT TOXICITY: ROLE IN RESISTANCE RESPONSE 117
3 CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES 118
3.1 GLYCOPROTEINS 119
3.1.1 LECTINS 119
3.1.2 HYDROXYPROLINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEINS (HRGPS
) 120
3.1.3 EXTENSINS 122
3.1.4 ARABINOGALACTA
N PROTEINS (AGPS) 123
3.2 HEMICELLULOSES AN
D PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES 124
3.2.1 SOURCES AND LOCALIZATION 124
3.2.2 STRUCTURE 127
3.2.3 FUNCTION (TOXICITY) 128
3.2.4 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIE
S 132
3.2.5 PRINCIPLES FOR EXTRACTIO
N AN
D ISOLATIO
N 133
3.2.6 EXTRACTION MEDIA 133
3.2.7 FRACTIONATIO
N 134
3.2.8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 134
4 METHODS FOR EXTRACTION AN
D SOLUBILIZATION 137
4.1 GLYCOPROTEINS 137
4.1.1 LECTINS . 137
CONTENTS XV
4.1.2 HRGP
S 139
4.1.3 AGPS 141
4.2 POLYSACCHARIDES 141
5 PURIFICATIO
N AN
D CHARACTERIZATION: LECTIN TECHNIQUES 143
5.1 AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY 143
5.1.1 PRINCIPLE 143
5.1.2 SUPPOR
T MATERIALS 144
5.1.3 COUPLING REACTION 148
5.1.4 SPACER MOLECULES 151
5.1.5 PROCEDURE 152
5.2 FRACTIONATIO
N AN
D CHARACTERIZATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES 154
5.2.1 PREPARATIO
N 154
5.2.2 CLASSICAL FRACTIONATION METHODS 155
5.2.3 HPL
C 155
5.2.4 AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPH
Y 155
5.2.5 HPLA
C 156
5.3 PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES 156
5.3.1 PRECIPITATION WITH LABELLED LECTINS 156
5.3.2 MOLECULAR BASIS OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS 156
5.3.3 PRECIPITATION AND INHIBITIO
N ASSAYS:
ESTABLISHING BRANCHING PATTERN
S 157
5.3.4 AGGLUTINATION 158
6 CYTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 160
6.1 CLASSICAL STAINING METHODS 160
6.1.1 STAINING WITH URANYL ACETATE AND LEAD CITRATE 160
6.1.2 STAINING WITH POLYSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC DYES 161
6.1.3 STAINING OF 1,4-LINKED MOLECULES WITH PATAG 161
6.2 ENZYME-GOLD STAINING 162
6.3 LECTIN-GOLD STAINING 163
6.4 IMMUNOLOGICAL STAINING TECHNIQUES 165
6.4.1 IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE 166
6.4.2 IMMUNO-GOLD LABELLING 167
REFERENCES 167
IMMUNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MYCOTOXINS
A.
P
.
WILKINSON
,
CM
.
WARD
,
AND M.R.A
.
MORGA
N
(WITH 7 FIGURES)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 185
1.1 DEFINITION 185
1.2 MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTIO
N AND DISTRIBUTION 185
1.3 MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY 187
1.4 MYCOTOXIN REGULATIONS, SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS ..
. 188
XVI CONTENTS
2 GENERAL IMMUNOASSA
Y PRINCIPLES 189
3 IMMUNOGEN CONJUGATES 190
3.1 ANTIBOD
Y SPECIFICITY 191
3.2 CONJUGATIO
N PROCEDURES 192
3.2.1 MISCELLANEOUS MYCOTOXIN CONJUGATION
S 196
4 ANTIBOD
Y PRODUCTIO
N 199
4.1 IMMUNIZATIO
N 199
4.2 POLYCLONAL ANTISERA 201
4.3 MONOCLONA
L ANTIBODIES 201
4.4 ANTISERUM TITRE 202
5 IMMUNOASSAY FORMATS 202
5.1 RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS (RIA) 203
5.2 ENZYME IMMUNOASSA
Y 203
5.3 PHASE SEPARATION 204
5.3.1 SUSPENDED PARTICLES 204
5.3.2 SOLID SURFACES 204
5.4 DIRECT ELISA: ANTIBODY-LABELLED 205
5.5 DIRECT ELISA
: ANALYTE-LABELLED 205
5.6 INDIRECT ELISA: ANTIBODY-LABELLED 205
5.7 CONJUGATION OF ENZYME T
O HAPTE
N OR ANTIBOD
Y 205
5.8 SPOT TESTS 206
5.9 IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMNS 206
6 VALIDATION AN
D APPLICATIO
N 206
6.1 STANDARDS 207
6.2 LIMIT OF DETECTION 207
6.3 SPECIFICITY 208
6.4 EXTRACTION 208
6.5 SUPERIMPOSABILITY AN
D LINEARIT
Y 209
6.6 RECOVERY AN
D REPRODUCIBILITY 210
6.7 PRECISION PROFILES 211
7 CORRELATION STUDIES 211
7.1 SCREENING TRIALS 212
7.2 QUANTITATIVE TRIALS 212
8 CONCLUDING REMARKS 213
APPENDIX 1 213
APPENDIX 2 216
REFERENCES 218
CONTENTS XVII
MULTI-TOXIN TLC METHODS FOR AFLATOXINS, OCHRATOXIN A, ZEARALENONE
AND STERIGMATOCYSTIN IN FOODS
L.M.V
.
SOARES
(WITH 1 FIGURE)
1 INTRODUCTION 227
2 MULTITOXIN SCREENING AND QUANTITATIO
N ON TLC 227
2.1 EXTRACTION AND CLEANUP 230
2.2 CONDUCTING TH
E SCREENING 234
2.3 CONDUCTING QUANTITATION 235
2.4 CONFIRMATION 236
REFERENCES 236
ISOLATION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELICITORS
K.-H.
KOGE
L
AND B.
BEISSMANN
(WITH 5 FIGURES)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 239
1.1 ELICITORS AS PRIMARY SIGNALS FOR INDUCTION
OF DEFENSE RESPONSES IN PLANT
S 239
1.2 GENERAL PROBLEMS OF ELICITOR ISOLATION 241
2 BIOASSAYS 241
2.1 MEASUREMENT OF AUTOFLUORESCENCE 242
2.2 QUANTITATIVE ENZYME ASSAYS 242
3 ISOLATION OF ELICITOR-ACTIVE MATERIAL 242
3.1 CELL WALL PREPARATION 242
3.2 INTERCELLULAR WASHING FLUID PREPARATIO
N 244
3.3 AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH IMMOBILIZED LECTINS 245
3.4 MEDIUM PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (MPLC) 247
3.5 IDENTIFICATION OF ELICITORS IN POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS
AND BY WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS 248
4 CHARACTERIZATION OF ELICITORS 248
4.1 MOLECULAR MASS DETERMINATION 248
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE SITE OF ELICITORS 248
4.2.1 HEAT
, CHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC TREATMENT 248
4.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF ELICITOR-ACTIVE GLYCOCONJUGATES 250
4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEIN-BOUND CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS 251
5 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ELICITOR BY THE IDENTIFICATION
OF ITS CELLULAR TARGET 252
6 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECT 254
REFERENCES 254
XVIII CONTENTS
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPPRESSORS
B.
BEISSMAN
N
AN
D K.-H.
KOGE
L
(WITH 4 FIGURES)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 259
1.1 SPECIFICITY OF SUPPRESSORS: GENERAL CONCEPT
S 260
2 ISOLATIO
N AN
D CHARACTERIZATIO
N OF SUPPRESSORS 262
2.1 SOURCES FOR SUPPRESSOR ISOLATIO
N 262
2.2 BIOASSAYS FOR SUPPRESSOR ACTIVITY 263
2.3 THE CHEMICAL NATUR
E OF SUPPRESSORS 268
2.4 MODE OF SUPPRESSOR ACTION 269
3 CONCLUSIONS 272
REFERENCES 274
SCREENING FOR PLANT ANTIOXIDANTS
W.
BORS
,
M.
SARAN
,
AND E.F
.
ELSTNE
R
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 277
2 BASIC MECHANISMS OF OXYGEN RADICAL REACTIONS 278
3 BASIC MECHANISMS OF INHIBITIO
N OF OXIDATIVE PROCESSES
(ANTIOXIDATIVE MECHANISMS) 280
3.1 SCAVENGING OF FREE RADICALS 280
3.2 QUENCHING OF SINGLET EXCITED STATES 280
3.3 CHELATIO
N OF TRANSITION METALS 280
3.4 INACTIVATION/ACTIVATION OF ENZYMES 281
4 TEST SYSTEMS FOR SCREENING PLAN
T ANTIOXIDANT
S 281
4.1 EXTRACTION OF PLAN
T MATERIA
L 282
4.2 GENERATION METHODS FOR ACTIVATED OXYGEN SPECIES 282
4.2.1 PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHOD
S 282
4.2.2 CHEMICAL METHOD
S 283
4.2.3 ENZYMATIC METHOD
S 285
4.3 MONITORIN
G OF RADICAL REACTIONS AN
D DETERMINATIO
N
OF SCAVENGER ACTIVITIES 286
4.3.1 SPECTROSCOPY 287
4.3.2 CHROMATOGRAPH
Y 289
4.3.3 OTHE
R METHOD
S 290
REFERENCES 290
METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ISOPRENE EMISSION FROM LEAVES
A. J.
HILLS
,
R.
FALL
,
AN
D R.K
.
MONSO
N
(WITH 6 FIGURES)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 297
2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES O
N TH
E ANALYSIS OF ISOPREN
E EMISSION 298
CONTENTS XIX
3 TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF ISOPRENE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 299
3.1 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION 299
3.2 ANALYSIS OF HEADSPACE SAMPLES USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY .
. 301
3.3 ANALYSIS OF STEADY-STATE ISOPRENE EMISSION RATES
USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 302
3.4 CONFIRMATION OF ISOPRENE BY GC-MS 303
4 TECHNIQUE FOR TH
E ANALYSIS OF ISOPRENE USING CHEMILUMINESCENCE . 304
4.1 PRINCIPLES OF THE DETECTION SYSTEM 304
4.2 PROCEDURES FOR USING THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE ISOPRENE
DETECTOR 307
4.3 SELECTIVITY OF THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE SYSTEM 308
5 USE OF TH
E CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTOR
WITH A GAS-EXCHANGE SYSTEM 310
6 CALCULATION OF THE ISOPRENE FLUX FROM A LEAF 312
REFERENCES 313
ANALYSIS OF ECOTOXIC AGENTS USING POLLEN TESTS
P. L.
PFAHLE
R
(WITH 1 FIGURE)
1 INTRODUCTION 317
2 BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 318
3 GENERAL METHODS 318
3.1 POLLEN DEVELOPMENT 318
3.2 POLLEN FUNCTION 320
3.2.1 IN VITRO METHODS 320
3.2.2 SEMIVIVO AN
D IN-VIVO METHODS 321
3.3 POLLEN TRANSMISSION 324
4 SPECIFIC EXAMPLES 324
4.1 GASES 324
4.1.1 OZONE (O
3
) 324
4.1.2 SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO
2
) 325
4.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 326
4.3 PHYTOTOXIC AGENTS 326
4.4 PESTICIDES AND ADJUVANTS 327
4.5 BIOLOGICAL TOXINS 328
5 OVERVIEW 328
REFERENCES 329
XX CONTENTS
THE DETERMINATION OF THE ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF POLLEN AND NECTAR
S.
D.
MURPH
Y
(WITH 1 FIGURE)
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 333
2 SELECTING TEST AN
D TARGET SPECIES 334
3 TH
E EXTRACTIO
N OF PUTATIVE POLLEN ALLELOCHEMICALS 335
3.1 OVERVIEW 335
3.2 WHOLE-POLLEN EXTRACTIO
N IN POLA
R SOLVENTS 335
3.3 POLA
R FRACTIONATIO
N OF POLLEN EXTRACTS 336
3.4 PH-BASED FRACTIONATION
: COLUM
N CHROMATOGRAPH
Y 337
4 A BIOASSAY FOR POLLEN ALLELOPATHY: IN VITRO POLLEN CULTURE 338
4.1 OVERVIEW OF TH
E METHO
D 338
4.2 DESIGNING POLLEN GERMINATIO
N MEDIA FOR BIOASSAYS 339
4.3 POLLEN RUPTURE
: CAUSES AN
D PREVENTION 340
4.4 GERMINATING POLLEN FROM TH
E TARGET SPECIES 341
4.5 REPLICATION AN
D STATISTICAL ANALYSES 342
4.6 TH
E STANDAR
D TOXICITY CURVE 342
5 A
N ALTERNATIVE BIOASSAY FOR POLLEN ALLELOPATHY USING TLC PLATES 344
6 ASSESSING EFFECTS OF POLLEN ALLELOCHEMICALS ON VEGETATIVE TISSUES 344
7 METHOD
S FOR TH
E CHARACTERIZATIO
N OF POLLEN ALLELOCHEMICALS 346
7.1 OVERVIEW 346
7.2 TLC 346
7.3 GAS (LIQUID) CHROMATOGRAPH
Y AN
D MASS SPECTROMETRY 346
7.4 HPL
C 347
7.5 SPECTROSCOPY 347
7.6 NMR 348
8 ASSESSING POLLEN-ALLELOPATHIC INTERACTION
S IN SITU 348
9 ALLELOCHEMICALS TOXIC T
O ANIMALS
: POLLEN AN
D NECTAR ANALYSES ..
. 350
10 CONCLUSIONS 351
REFERENCES 352
DETERMINATION OF CYANIDE AND CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES FROM PLANTS
A.M
.
BRINKE
R
AND D.S.
SEIGLE
R
1 INTRODUCTIO
N 359
2 PLAN
T MATERIAL 361
3 QUALITATIVE DETERMINATIO
N OF CYANIDE 361
4 ENZYMATIC PREPARATION
S AN
D HYDROLYSIS OF CYANOGENS 363
5 QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATIO
N OF CYANIDE 363
6 ISOLATIO
N AN
D PRELIMINAR
Y PURIFICATIO
N OF CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES . 365
CONTENTS XXI
7 PURIFICATION BY CHROMATOGRAPHY 366
7.1 CHROMATOGRAPHY ON CELLULOSE 366
7.2 CHROMATOGRAPHY ON SILICA GEL 367
7.3 CHROMATOGRAPHY ON OTHER SUPPORTS 368
7.4 THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY 368
7.5 OTHER PURIFICATION METHODS 371
8 QUANTITATIO
N OF CYANOGENIC COMPOUND
S 371
8.1 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 371
8.2 HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY 372
9 HYDROLYSIS WITH ACID OR BASE 373
REFERENCES 375
SUBJECT INDEX
383
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Linskens, Hans F. 1921-2007 |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | h f l hf hfl |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139347585 |
| author_facet | Linskens, Hans F. 1921-2007 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV025862008 |
| classification_rvk | WC 4500 WN 4850 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)243731741 (DE-599)BVBBV025862008 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV025862008 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:13:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540523286 0387523286 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019109673 |
| oclc_num | 243731741 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 |
| physical | XXV, 389 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Modern methods of plant analysis |
| series2 | Modern methods of plant analysis |
| spelling | Plant toxin analysis ed. by H. F. Linskens and J. F. Jackson. Contributors J. T. Arnason ... Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest Springer 1992 XXV, 389 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Modern methods of plant analysis N.S., 13 Literaturangaben Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzengift (DE-588)4115550-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenanalyse (DE-588)4174053-1 gnd rswk-swf Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzengift (DE-588)4115550-6 s Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 s DE-604 Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 s Pflanzenanalyse (DE-588)4174053-1 s Linskens, Hans F. 1921-2007 (DE-588)139347585 edt Arnason, John T. Sonstige oth Modern methods of plant analysis 13 (DE-604)BV035361205 13 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019109673&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Plant toxin analysis Modern methods of plant analysis Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Pflanzengift (DE-588)4115550-6 gnd Pflanzenanalyse (DE-588)4174053-1 gnd Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4009840-0 (DE-588)4115550-6 (DE-588)4174053-1 (DE-588)4122795-5 |
| title | Plant toxin analysis |
| title_auth | Plant toxin analysis |
| title_exact_search | Plant toxin analysis |
| title_full | Plant toxin analysis ed. by H. F. Linskens and J. F. Jackson. Contributors J. T. Arnason ... |
| title_fullStr | Plant toxin analysis ed. by H. F. Linskens and J. F. Jackson. Contributors J. T. Arnason ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant toxin analysis ed. by H. F. Linskens and J. F. Jackson. Contributors J. T. Arnason ... |
| title_short | Plant toxin analysis |
| title_sort | plant toxin analysis |
| topic | Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Pflanzengift (DE-588)4115550-6 gnd Pflanzenanalyse (DE-588)4174053-1 gnd Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemische Analyse Pflanzengift Pflanzenanalyse Analyse |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019109673&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035361205 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT linskenshansf planttoxinanalysis AT arnasonjohnt planttoxinanalysis |