United Nations procurement regime: description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Frankfurt, M. [u.a.]
Lang
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Völkerrecht, Europarecht und internationales Wirtschaftsrecht
7 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 270 S. |
| ISBN: | 9783631580516 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Titel: United Nations procurement regime
Autor: Neumann, Peter
Jahr: 2008
Contents
Prologue VII
Abbreviations IX
I. SCOPE AND METHOD OF THE THESIS 1
A. The United Nations, Specialized and Related Agencies 1
B. Scope of Procurement Activities 2
C. Coordination of Procurement 4
D. Access to Internal Documentation 5
E. Methodological Aspects 7
1. Findings of the Independent Inquiry Committee 7
2. Comparison with the Procurement Regime under the Government
Procurement Agreement of the WTO 9
II. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE UNITED NATIONS 13
A. Procurement Rules 13
1. "Rules of the Organization" 13
2. Codification or Progressive Development 15
B. Hierarchy ofNorms 18
C. Primary Source: Constitutive Treaty 18
1. United Nations Charter and Powers of its Principal Organs 18
2. Power to Promulgate United Nations Financial Regulations 20
3. Power to Promulgate United Nations Staff Regulations 22
D. Secondary Source: Regulations 22
1. United Nations Financial Regulations 22
2. Power to Issue United Nations Financial Rules 24
3. United Nations Staff Regulations 25
4. Power to Issue United Nations Staff Rules 27
E. Tertiary Source: Rules 27
1. United Nations Financial Rules 27
2. Institutional aspects 28
a.) authority 28
b.) control 29
c.) "Substantive" or "technical officers" 30
d.) Committee on Contracts 31
3. Substantive aspects 33
a.) competition 33
b.) advertising 33
c.) formal invitation of tenders versus informal calling
for proposals 34
d.) exceptions to competition 36
e.) public opening of bids 38
f.) selection criteria 38
g.) currency availability 40
h.) rejection of all bids 40
F. Quaternary Source: Administrative Instructions 41
1. Power to Issue United Nations Administrative Instructions 41
G. United Nations System 43
1. Constitution of UNIDO and Powers of its Principal Organs 44
2. Power to Approve UNIDO Financial Regulations 45
3. Power to Establish UNIDO Staff Regulations 46
4. UNIDO Financial Regulations 46
5. UNIDO Staff Regulations 47
6. Power to Issue UNIDO Financial Rules 47
7. Power to Issue UNIDO Staff Rules 47
8. UNIDO Financial Rules 48
9. Power to Issue UNIDO Administrative Instructions 48
H. Purposes of the Formal Norms 49
I. Promoting Observance of the Procurement Norms and Procedures 50
1. Variety and Effectiveness of Measures 50
2. Reform of the Formal Procedural Norms 51
3. Internat Reorganisation, Selection and Training of Staff 52
4. Criminal Law Enforcement and Disciplinary Measures against
Staff Members 52
a.) criminal jurisdiction 52
b.) disciplinary measures 54
J. Accountability for Compliance with the Procurement Norms 56
1. Accountability of the Secretary-General to Member States 57
a.) management and oversight 57
b.) appointmentof staff. 58
XIV
2. Other Remedies of Member States 60
3. Third-Party Settlement of Procurement Disputes 63
a.) immunity from jurisdiction "3
b.) determination of official acts and waiver of immunity 65
c.) CPIUN, CPISA and UNIDO 66
d.) the nature of immunity o/
e.) waiver of the Organization's immunity °°
f.) non-judicial dispute settlement: arbitration 69
69
(1) Standard clauses
71
(2) scope of arbitration
III. THE PROCUREMENT PROCESS AND ITS ACTORS 75
75
A. Introduction
B. Organisational Structure
C. Procurement Planning
D. Coordination of Legal Aspects
E. Requisitions, Terms of Reference and Technical Specifications 79
79
1. The Raisingof Requisitions
2. Terms of Reference and Technical Specifications 8
81
a.) Terms of Reference _.
b.) Technical Specifications
82
F. Authorized Procurement Officers
G. Sole Source Procurement
H. Competitive Procedures
I- Solicitation Documents
J. Submission Deadline, Clarification of Solicitation Documents, ^
Receipt and Opening of Bids
K. Evaluation of Bids
. „ 89
1. Cntena 09
2. Process
a.) bids submitted in one sealed envelope and unsealed bids -^
b.) bids submitted in two sealed envelopes
. . 91
L. Clarification of Bids and Negotiations ;
M. Review by the Committee on Contracts and the Award Decision
XV
IV. THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION'S PROCUREMENT
REGIME COMPARED TO THE UNITED NATIONS REGIME 93
A. Legal Framework 93
1. The WTO Agreement 93
2. The GATT (1994) 95
3. TheGATS 95
4. The TRIPS 96
5. Coverage of Government Procurement 97
a.) GATT (1994) 97
b.) GATS 100
c.) TRIPS 101
6. The Government Procurement Agreement 102
a.) plurilateral agreement 102
b.) purposes 104
c.) applicability and coverage 106
B. Comparison between the GPA's and the United Nations
Procedures 108
1. General Comparison 108
2. Specific Comparisons 108
a.) technical specifications 108
b.) the three tendering procedures 109
c.) qualification of suppliers 110
d.) invitation to participate: intended procurement 111
e.) time-limits for tendering and delivery 114
f.) tender documentation and award criteria 115
g.) Submission, receipt and openingof tenders 117
h.) negotiations 118
i.) iimited tendering 119
j.) transparency, Provision of Information and review 121
(1) transparency for non-Parties 121
(2) Information by procuring entities 122
(3) information by Parties 123
(4) United Nations procurement regime 124
k.) challenge procedures 124
(1) complaint and consultation 124
(2) procedural Standards 126
XVI
(3) procedure 127
(4) remedies 128
3. Dispute Settlement Understanding 130
a.) applicability of the Dispute Settlement Understanding 130
b.) Dispute Settlement Body 131
c) nature and purpose 132
d.) subject matter and establishmentofpanels 133
e.) amicable settlement 134
f.) panel proceedings 135
g) composition and decision-making procedure of the DSB 136
h.) the appellate review body 137
i) remedies 138
C Distinctions Between the GPA and the United Nations
Procurement Rules 140
V. FINDINGS OF THE INDEPENDENTINQU1RY COMMITTEE 143
A. The Independent Inquiry Committee 143
!¦ Establishment 143
2. Mandate 144
B. The Iraq Oü-for-Food Programme 146
!¦ Mandate from the Security Council 146
2- Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Iraq 148
C. Legal Framework for Implementation of the Oil-for-Food
Programme 152
1 • The Security Council Resolution, the Memorandum of
Understanding and Procurement 152
a) scope of the resoiution and of the memorandum I52
b.) the escrow account and the bank account 154
c) consultations with the Government of Iraq 155
d.) approval by the Government of Iraq 155
2- Establishment of the Iraq Steering Committee in the Secretariat 156
D- Procurement of Banking Services 157
1 ¦ The Nature of the Escrow Account and of Consultations with the
Government of Iraq 157
2- Choice of a Selection Procedure and Preparation of a List
oflnvitees 158
XVII
3. Consultations with the Government of Iraq on the Invitee List 160
4. Evaluation of the Proposais and Intervention by the United States 161
5. The Final Selection by the Secretary-General 162
6. Preponderance of Political Considerations 164
E. Procurement of Oil Export Inspection Services 165
1. Analysis of the Mandate 165
2. Preliminary Steps Taken by the Substantive Officer 166
3. Choice of the Established Competitive Bidding Procedure for the
Selection 167
4. Distribution of the Request for Proposais and the Deadline for
Submission of Proposais 168
5. Evaluation of the Original Proposais and Request for Pricing
Updates 168
6. Passing of Information to a Bidder through a Foreign Ministry 170
7. Passing of Information to a Bidder through a Middleman 171
8. The Updated Proposais 172
9. Request for Confirmation and Explanation of Pricing 174
10. Final Evaluation and Award 174
F. Procurement of Inspection Services for the Importation of Goods 176
1. The Mandate 176
2. Preliminary Steps Taken by the Permanent Mission of the
United Kingdom and by the Substantive Officer 176
3. The Request for Proposais and Submission of Proposais 177
4. The Evaluation 178
5. Passing of Information to a Bidder through a Permanent Mission 179
6. Intervention by the Steering Committee 180
7. Implementation of the Steering Committee's Decision 182
G. Causes of the Infringements found by the IIC 184
1. Inadequate Planning and Preparation 185
2. Procurement Outside the Established Procedure 188
3. Infringement of Confidentiality 189
4. Clarification of Proposais versus Revision of a Request for
Proposais 190
5. Rejection of All Proposais on Political Grounds 191
6. Selection on Political Grounds 192
7. Common Causes 192
XVIII
VI. ACCOUNTABILITY FOR UNITED NATIONS
PROCUREMENT ACTIONS 195
A. Sources of International Law on Accountability of International
Organisation 195
1. International Conventions 195
2. International Custom 197
3. General Principles of Law 197
B. Level and Nature of United Nations Procurement Rules
and Actions 199
C. Accountability and Immunity 203
1. Purpose of Immunity 203
2. Judicial and Arbitral Remedies 203
3. Procurement Regime 205
4. Political Context 205
VU.DELEGEFERENDA 207
A. Comparison with the GPA 207
B. Recommendations 207
1. Structure of Procurement Rules 207
2. Purposes 208
3. Independence 208
4. Consultations and other Amicable Settlement Procedures 209
5. Challenge Procedure 210
6. Transparency 211
7. By-passing Procedures 212
8. Pre-selection of Potential Suppliers 212
9. Information to be included in Invitations to Bid 213
10. Provision of Official Information 213
11. Unauthorized Official 214
12. Short Deadline for Submissions 214
13. Passing Information to a Supplier 214
14. Unauthorized Reduction of Price and Acceptance of
ReducedPrice 215
15. Non-recording and Concealment of Reason for Rejecting
AHProposals 216
XIX
VIII. CONCLUSION 217
ANNEX I
UNDP/IAPSO: General business Guide
Common Guidelines for Procurement by Organizations in the
UN System (20* Edition - Update June 2006) 221
ANNEX II
Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations - Excerpts
ST/SGB/Financial Rules/l/Rev.3 (1985) 233
ANNEX III
Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations - Excerpts
ST/SGB/2003/7 (9 May 2003) 253
BIBLIOGRAPHY 269 |
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| spelling | Neumann, Peter Verfasser aut United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme Peter Neumann Frankfurt, M. [u.a.] Lang 2008 XX, 270 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Völkerrecht, Europarecht und internationales Wirtschaftsrecht 7 Zugl.: Wien, Univ., Diss. World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd rswk-swf Vereinte Nationen (DE-588)333-5 gnd rswk-swf Vergaberecht (DE-588)7574511-2 gnd rswk-swf Beschaffung (DE-588)4005988-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Vereinte Nationen (DE-588)333-5 b Beschaffung (DE-588)4005988-1 s Vergaberecht (DE-588)7574511-2 s World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 b DE-604 Völkerrecht, Europarecht und internationales Wirtschaftsrecht 7 (DE-604)BV021781892 7 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020199173&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Neumann, Peter United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme Völkerrecht, Europarecht und internationales Wirtschaftsrecht World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd Vereinte Nationen (DE-588)333-5 gnd Vergaberecht (DE-588)7574511-2 gnd Beschaffung (DE-588)4005988-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2145784-0 (DE-588)333-5 (DE-588)7574511-2 (DE-588)4005988-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme |
| title_auth | United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme |
| title_exact_search | United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme |
| title_full | United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme Peter Neumann |
| title_fullStr | United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme Peter Neumann |
| title_full_unstemmed | United Nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme Peter Neumann |
| title_short | United Nations procurement regime |
| title_sort | united nations procurement regime description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the iraq oil for food programme |
| title_sub | description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil-for-food programme |
| topic | World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd Vereinte Nationen (DE-588)333-5 gnd Vergaberecht (DE-588)7574511-2 gnd Beschaffung (DE-588)4005988-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | World Trade Organization Vereinte Nationen Vergaberecht Beschaffung Hochschulschrift |
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