Insect conservation: a handbook of approaches and methods
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2010
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Techniques in ecology and conservation series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Physical Description: | XV, 441 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199298235 9780199298228 |
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| adam_text | Techniques in Ecology Conservation Series
Edited by William J. Sutherland
With up to a quarter of all insect species heading towards extinction over
the next few decades, there is now a pressing need to summarize the
techniques available for measuring insect diversity in order to develop
effective conservation strategies.
Insect Conservation outlines the main approaches and methods available to
entomologists, providing a comprehensive synthesis for use by graduate
students, researchers, and practising conservationists veorldwide. Both
modern and more ‘traditional’ methodologies are described, backed up
by practical background information and a global range of examples. Many
newer techniques are included which have not yet been described in the
existing book literature.
This book will be particularly relevant to postgraduate and advanced
undergraduate students taking courses in insect ecology, conservation
biology, and environmental management, as well as established researchers
in these fields. It will also be a valuable reference for nature conservation
practitioners and professional entomologists worldwide.
I he proceeds Irom this series are being used to send copies to
conservationists outside Western 1 iurope, North America, Australia,
New Zealand and Japan who would otherwise՝ be unable to use them
See http: //www.nhbs.com/Conservation/gratis-books.php for more
inhu mation on this.scheme.
Irom cover image: Monarch butterfly 1 ¡Stoelcphoto
Contents
n
Introduction xiii
1 Introducing insect conservation 1
1.1 The challenge: the relevance of sampling insects 1
1.2 An historical perspective 2
1.3 Ethics of insect conservation 3
1 A Ethics of collecting insects 6
1.5 Ecological and evolutionary timescales 1 0
1.6 The taxonomic challenge 1 3
1.7 Summary 15
2 Taxonomy and curation of insects 1 7
2.1 Introduction: essential planning 1 7
2.2 Selection of insect groups for study 19
2.3 Taxonomic knowledge 21
2.4 Taxonomic resolution 25
2.5 Morphospecies and parataxonomists 27
2.5.1 The morphospecies approach 27
2.5.2 Parataxonomists 29
2.5.3 Voucher collections 30
2.6 Bioinformatics 31
2.6.1 Virtual voucher collections 33
2.6.2 Sample tracking 33
2.6.3 Taxonomy using barcoding 34
2.7 Specimen treatment 3 5
2.7.7 Sequence of steps for treating insect samples 3 8
2.7.1.1 Preservation 3 8
2.7.1.2 Mounting 46
2.7.1.3 Storage 53
2.8 Summary 57
3 Designing sampling protocols for insect
conservation 59
3.1 Introduction 5 9
3.2 Defining the conservation question 60
3.2.1 Broad objectives in insect conservation 61
3.2.2 Refining the objective S3
3.2.3 Hypothesis formulation S4
3.3 Designing a sampling protocol 65
3.3.7 Sample grain S6
vííi I Contents
3.3.2 Sample extent 67
3.3.3 Sample number 68
3.3.4 Sample independence 70
3.3.5 Spatial autocorrelation 73
3.3.6 Sample placement 76
3.3.7 Sampling coverage and intensity 79
3.3.8 Controls 79
3.4 Pilot studies 80
3.5 Coping with the unexpected 81
3.6 Data management 82
3.7 Summary 82
4 Collecting and recording insects 85
4.1 Introduction: What do you really need to collect? 85
4.2 Named and nameless approaches to data portrayal 87
4.3 High-canopy insects 92
4.4 Low-canopy insects 96
4.5 Crass/herbaceous layer 99
4.6 Sampling flying insects 1 01
4.7 Sampling insects on the ground 1 1 6
4.8 Sampling insects in the leaf litter and soil 121
4.9 Sampling aquatic insects 1 24
4.10 Sound recording 127
4.11 Summary 129
5 Measuring environmental variables 131
5.1 Introduction: selection of variables 131
5.2 Conceptualizing environmental variable data 1 34
5.3 Choosing the environmental variables 135
5.4 Measuring air and soil environmental variables 1 46
5.5 Measuring vegetation characteristics 153
5.6 Aquatic environmental variables 156
5.7 Summary 159
6 Estimating population size and condition 161
6.1 Introduction: the relevance of populations 1 61
6.2 Assessing changes in population levels 163
6.3 Significance of surveys 166
6.4 Evaluating population structure 168
6.5 Measuring population size 171
6.5.1 Some underlying principles 777
6.5.2 Temporal considerations ] 73
6.5.3 Spatial considerations and differences between sexes 7 77
6.5.4 Accuracy of estimates relative to feasibility 177
Contents I ix
6.5.5 Special considerations for threatened species 178
6.5.6 Direct counts 179
6.5.7 Transect counts 183
6.5.7.1 Line transects 183
6.5.7.2 Point transects 187
6.5.7.3 Belt transects 187
6.5.8 Quadrat counts 188
6.6 Populations and conservation status 1 89
6.6.1 Conservation status 1 89
6.6.2 Level of threat 1 9 1
6.7 Population distinctiveness 202
6.8 Population condition 204
6.9 Population modelling 205
6.10 Summary 206
7 The population and the landscape 209
7.1 Introduction: the relevance of landscapes 209
7.2 Effects of landscape structure 211
7.3 Resources and landscape geometry: the insect’s habitat 217
7.4 Insect movements and MRR methods 218
7.4.1 MRR process 226
7.4.2 Capture 228
7.4.3 Marking 229
7.4.4 Release 232
7.4.5 Recapture 232
7.4.6 Outcomes from MRR studies 233
7.5 Landscape geometry and insect populations 23 5
7.6 Dispersal and dispersion (aggregation) 240
7.6.1 Activity patterns 243
7.6.2 Recording activity and abundance 244
7.7 Summary 245
8 Ex-situ conservation: captive rearing and
réintroduction programmes 247
8.1 Introduction: conservation objectives 247
8.2 Farming or ranching insects for conservation 252
8.3 Process 25 3
8.3.1 Capture 257
8.3.2 Transport 258
8.3.3 Maintenance 259
8.3.4 Breeding 260
8.3.5 Release 264
8.4 Practical outcomes 268
8.5 Summary 271
x | Contents
9 Biodiversity and assemblage studies 273
9.1 Introduction: defining biodiversity in space and time 273
9.2 The assemblage matrix 275
9.3 The relational matrix 278
9.4 Estimating sampling adequacy 278
9.4.7 Taxon sampling (accumulation and rarefaction) curves 280
9.5 Species richness 282
9.5.7 Comparisons of species richness 282
9.5.2 Estimating species richness 282
9.5.5 Chosing a richness estimator 285
9.6 Species abundance and density 284
9.7 Species range and distribution 287
9.7.7 Biodiversity mapping 288
9.8 Diversity indices 292
9.8.7 Species richness, evenness and dominance 292
9.8.2 Beta diversity 295
9.8.5 Functional diversity 298
9.8.4 Taxonomic diversity 500
9.9 Phylogenetic comparative methods 302
9.1 0 Summary 303
1 0 Studying insects in the changing environment 305
1 0.1 Introduction: drivers and methodology 305
1 0.2 Environmental change in context 305
1 0.3 Approaches to studying environmental change 306
7 0.5.7 Methodological approaches 506
10.5.2 Modelling 507
10.4 Bioindicators 310
1 0.4.7 Bioindication terminology and development 517
7 0.4.2 Taxa that make good bioindicators 57 2
10.4.5 Quantifying the indicator value of a species 518
7 0.4.4 Testing the proposed bioindicator and developing
the bioindicator system 52]
10.5 Biodiversity assessment 322
10.6 Biodiversity mapping 325
10.7 Summary 331
T 1 Key questions for insect conservation in
an era of global change 333
11.1 Forms of environmental change 333
7 7.7.7 Habitat loss, fragmentation, and isolation 555
7 7.7.2 Disturbance, decline in habitat quality and the
loss of critical resources 555
7 7.7.3 Impact of invasive alien species 556
Contents | xi
7 7.7.4 Climate change 337
7 7.7.5 Biotechnology, biological control, and sustainable
harvesting 346
11.1.5.1 Biotechnology 346
1 1.1.5.2 Biological control 3 51
1 1.1.5.3 Sustainable harvesting 3 52
7 7.7.6 Aquatic and terrestrial systems contamination 353
1 1.2 Consequences of species loss for ecosystem function 354
7 7.2.7 Importance of diversity 354
7 1.2.2 Temporal perspectives, adverse synergisms and
discontinuities 354
1 1.2.3 Species numbers, rarity and ecosystem function 355
1 1.2.4 The importance of food web connectance 357
1 1.2.5 Rare and threatened species as flagships 358
11.3 Lessons learned from diversity value: towards
a synthetic management approach 35 9
1 1.4 Triage and restoration 3 64
17.5 Ecological monitoring 3 65
1 1.6 Engaging citizen scientists in insect conservation 3 68
1 1.7 Summary 3 71
Software 373
Referen ces 375
Glossary 405
Index 425
|
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| spelling | Samways, Michael J. Verfasser aut Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods Michael J. Samways ; Melodie A. McGeoch ; Tim R. New 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2010 XV, 441 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Techniques in ecology and conservation series Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Artenschutz (DE-588)4112598-8 gnd rswk-swf Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd rswk-swf Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 s Artenschutz (DE-588)4112598-8 s Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s DE-604 McGeoch, Melodie A. Verfasser (DE-588)140557334 aut New, Tim R. 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)12493451X aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020146574&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020146574&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods |
| title_auth | Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods |
| title_exact_search | Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods |
| title_full | Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods Michael J. Samways ; Melodie A. McGeoch ; Tim R. New |
| title_fullStr | Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods Michael J. Samways ; Melodie A. McGeoch ; Tim R. New |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods Michael J. Samways ; Melodie A. McGeoch ; Tim R. New |
| title_short | Insect conservation |
| title_sort | insect conservation a handbook of approaches and methods |
| title_sub | a handbook of approaches and methods |
| topic | Artenschutz (DE-588)4112598-8 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Artenschutz Methode Insekten |
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