Crystal growth for beginners: fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New Jersey [u.a.]
World Scientific
2008
|
| Edition: | 2. ed, reprinted |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 546 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9812382453 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Markov, Ivan V. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Crystal growth for beginners |b fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy |c Ivan V. Markov |
| 250 | |a 2. ed, reprinted | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New Jersey [u.a.] |b World Scientific |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 546 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface v
Chapter
1
Crystal-Ambient Phase Equilibrium
1
1.1
Equilibrium of Infinitely Large Phases
........... 1
1.2
Supersaturation
........................ 4
1.3
Equilibrium of Finite Phases
................ 9
1.3.1
Equation of Laplace
................. 9
1.3.2
Equation of Thomson-Gibbs
............ 11
1.4
Equilibrium Shape of Crystals
................ 14
1.4.1
Theorem of Gibbs-Curie-Wulff
........... 16
1.4.1.1
Crystal in a three-dimensional
medium
.................. 16
1.4.1.2
Crystal on a surface
............ 19
1.4.1.2.1
Relation of
Dupré
....... 19
1.4.1.2.2
Equilibrium shape
....... 21
1.4.2
Polar diagram of the surface energy
........ 22
1.4.3
Herring s formula
................... 25
1.4.4
Stability of crystal surfaces
............. 32
1.5
Atomistic Views on Crystal Growth
............ 38
1.5.1
Equilibrium of infinitely large crystal with the
ambient phase
—
The concept of
half-crystal position
................. 38
1.5.2
Equilibrium finite crystal-ambient phase
—
The concept of mean separation work
....... 43
1.5.3
Equilibrium 2D crystal-ambient phase
....... 45
Xlii
xiv Contents
1.5.4
Equilibrium shape of crystals
—
Atomistic approach
................. 46
1.5.5
Equilibrium vapor pressure of a 2D crystal on a
foreign substrate
................... 48
1.6
Equilibrium Structure of Crystal Surfaces
......... 49
1.6.1
Classification of crystal surfaces
.......... 49
1.6.2
Equilibrium structure of a step
........... 53
1.6.3
Equilibrium structure of
F
faces
.......... 58
1.6.3.1
Model of Jackson
............. 61
1.6.3.2
Model of Temkin
............. 64
1.6.3.3
Criterion of Fisher and Weeks
...... 71
1.6.4
Kinetic roughness
.................. 75
Chapter
2
Nucleation
77
2.1
Thermodynamics
....................... 77
2.1.1
Homogeneous formation of nuclei
.......... 80
2.1.2
Heterogeneous formation of
3D
nuclei
....... 85
2.1.3
Heterogeneous formation of elastically strained
3D
nuclei
....................... 92
2.1.4
Formation of 2D nuclei
............... 99
2.1.5
Mode of nucleation on a foreign substrate
..... 102
2.2
Rate of Nucleation
...................... 105
2.2.1
General formulation
................. 106
2.2.2
The equilibrium state
................ 108
2.2.3
Steady state nucleation rate
............. 112
2.2.4
Nucleation of liquids from vapors
.......... 115
2.2.5
Statistical contributions
............... 118
2.2.6
Nucleation from solutions and melts
........ 119
2.2.7
Rate of heterogeneous nucleation
.......... 124
2.2.8
Rate of 2D nucleation
................ 127
2.2.8.1
Rate of 2D nucleation from vapors
. . . 127
2.2.8.2
Rate of 2D nucleation from solutions
. . 128
2.2.8.3
Rate of 2D nucleation in melts
......129
2.2.9
Atomistic theory of nucleation
...........130
2.2.9.1
The equilibrium state
...........133
2.2.9.2
Steady state nucleation rate
.......136
Contents xv
2.2.10 Nonsteady
state nucleation
............. 144
2.2.11
Mass crystallization and saturation
nucleus density
.................... 155
2.2.12
Ostwald s step rule
.................. 172
Chapter
3
Crystal Growth
181
3.1
Normal Growth of Rough Crystal Faces
.......... 182
3.2
Layer Growth of Flat Faces
................. 190
3.2.1
Rate of advance of steps
............... 192
3.2.1.1
Growth from vapor phase
........ 193
3.2.1.1.1
Elementary processes on
crystal surfaces
........ 193
3.2.1.1.2
Kinetic coefficient of a step
. . 196
3.2.1.1.3
Rate of advance of a
single step
........... 197
3.2.1.1.4
Rate of advance of a train of
parallel steps
......... 202
3.2.1.1.5
Rate of advance of
curved steps
.......... 204
3.2.1.2
Growth from solutions
.......... 208
3.2.1.2.1
Rate of advance of a
single step
........... 210
3.2.1.2.2
Rate of advance of a step in
a train of steps
........ 213
3.2.1.3
Growth from melts
............ 215
3.2.2
Spiral growth of
F
faces
............... 218
3.2.2.1
Shape of the growth spiral
........ 218
3.2.2.2
Growth from a vapor phase
....... 224
3.2.2.2.1
The back stress effect
..... 228
3.2.2.3
Growth in solutions
............ 231
3.2.2.4
Growth in melts
.............. 233
3.2.3
Growth by 2D nucleation
.............. 233
3.2.3.1
Constant rates of nucleation and
step advance
................ 234
3.2.3.1.1
Layer-by-layer growth
.... 234
3.2.3.1.2
Multilayer growth
....... 237
xv¡
Contents
3.2.3.2
Time dependent rates of nucleation and
step advance
................243
3.2.3.2.1
Multinuclear layer-by-layer
growth
.............248
3.2.3.2.2
Simultaneous growth of
two monolayers
........254
3.2.3.2.3
Simultaneous growth of
arbitrary number
of monolayers
.........259
3.2.4
Influence of surface anisotropy
—
growth of
Si(OOl) vicinal surface
................ 264
3.2.4.1
Dimer s structure
............. 267
3.2.4.2
Structure and energy of steps
...... 269
3.2.4.3
Ground state of vicinal
Si(100) surfaces
..............278
3.2.4.4
Anisotropy of surface
diffusion coefficient
............ 281
3.2.4.5
Theory of ID nucleation
......... 283
3.2.4.6
Rate of step advance by ID nucleation
. 291
3.2.4.7
Growth of Si(OOl) vicinal by step flow
. 292
3.2.5
Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier and its consequences
. . 296
3.2.5.1
Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect on step-flow
. . 302
3.2.5.1.1
Bunching and debunching
of steps
............302
3.2.5.1.2
Bales-Zangwill instability
. . 305
3.2.5.2
Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect on
2D nucleation
...............308
3.2.5.2.1
Second layer nucleation
.... 308
3.2.5.2.2
Step kinetics
..........317
Kinematic Theory of Crystal Growth
............320
A Classical Experiment in Crystal Growth
.........332
Chapter
4
Epitaxial Growth
353
4.1
Basic Concepts and Definitions
...............353
4.2
Structure and Energy of Epitaxial Interfaces
.......361
4.2.1
Boundary region
...................361
Contents xvii
4.2.2 Models
of epitaxial interfaces
............363
4.2.3
Misfit dislocations
..................366
4.2.4
Prank-van
der
Merwe model of thin overlayer
. . . 369
4.2.4.1
Interatomic potentials
..........370
4.2.4.2
Interfacial
interactions
..........375
4.2.4.3
ID model of epitaxial interface
......378
4.2.4.3.1
Single dislocations
...... 383
4.2.4.3.2
Sequence of dislocations
. . . 386
4.2.4.4
2D model of Frank and van
der
Merwe
. 395
4.2.4.5
Comparison of 2D and ID models
.... 403
4.2.4.6
Application of ID model to
thickening overlayer
............404
4.2.5
ID model with non-Hookean interatomic forces
. . 407
4.2.6
Van
der
merwe model of thick overgrowth
.....414
4.2.7
Thickening overgrowth
................423
4.2.8
The Volterra approach
................429
4.3
Mechanism of Growth of Epitaxial Films
..........433
4.3.1
Classification of the growth modes
.........433
4.3.2
Experimental evidence
................440
4.3.2.1
Metals on insulators
...........440
4.3.2.2
Metals on metals
.............441
4.3.2.3
Metals on semiconductors
........443
4.3.2.4
Semiconductors on semiconductors
. . . 444
4.3.2.4.1
Effect of surfactants
......446
4.3.3
General tendencies
..................447
4.3.4
Thermodynamics of epitaxy
.............448
4.3.4.1
Wetting and clustering
..........449
4.3.4.2
Relation of
Dupré
for
misfitting crystals
.............453
4.3.4.3
Thickness variation of
chemical potential
.............456
4.3.4.4
Thermodynamic criterion of the
growth mode
................466
4.3.5
Kinetics of growth of thin epitaxial films
......468
4.3.5.1
Mechanism of 2D-3D
transformation
...............468
xviii
Contents
4.3.5.2
Kinetics of 2D-3D
transformation
...............472
4.3.5.3
Critical temperature for
2D-3D transition
.............478
4.3.5.4
Cross hatch patterns
...........485
4.3.6
Surfactants in epitaxial growth
...........486
4.3.6.1
Thermodynamic considerations
.....487
4.3.6.1.1
Chemical potential of a
bulk crystal
..........488
4.3.6.1.2
Chemical potential of a
thin film
............490
4.3.6.1.3
Thermodynamic effect
of surfactants
.........491
4.3.6.2
Kinetics
..................493
4.3.6.2.1
Effect of surfactant on
2D nucleation
.........494
4.3.6.2.2
Attachment-detachment
kinetics
............500
4.3.6.2.3
Exchange—de-exchange
kinetics
............504
References
..............................513
Index
................................541
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Markov, Ivan V. |
| author_facet | Markov, Ivan V. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Markov, Ivan V. |
| author_variant | i v m iv ivm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV024620010 |
| classification_rvk | UQ 2000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)254774675 (DE-599)GBV561568812 |
| dewey-full | 548.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 548 - Crystallography |
| dewey-raw | 548.5 |
| dewey-search | 548.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3548.5 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik |
| edition | 2. ed, reprinted |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV024620010 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:03:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9812382453 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018592056 |
| oclc_num | 254774675 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 DE-634 DE-703 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-634 DE-703 DE-11 |
| physical | XVIII, 546 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | World Scientific |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Markov, Ivan V. Verfasser aut Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy Ivan V. Markov 2. ed, reprinted New Jersey [u.a.] World Scientific 2008 XVIII, 546 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kristallwachstum (DE-588)4123579-4 gnd rswk-swf Epitaxie (DE-588)4152545-0 gnd rswk-swf Kristallisation (DE-588)4033215-9 gnd rswk-swf Kristallzüchtung (DE-588)4140616-3 gnd rswk-swf Kristallkeim (DE-588)4221888-3 gnd rswk-swf Kristallkeim (DE-588)4221888-3 s Kristallisation (DE-588)4033215-9 s Kristallwachstum (DE-588)4123579-4 s Epitaxie (DE-588)4152545-0 s 1\p DE-604 Kristallzüchtung (DE-588)4140616-3 s 2\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018592056&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Markov, Ivan V. Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy Kristallwachstum (DE-588)4123579-4 gnd Epitaxie (DE-588)4152545-0 gnd Kristallisation (DE-588)4033215-9 gnd Kristallzüchtung (DE-588)4140616-3 gnd Kristallkeim (DE-588)4221888-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123579-4 (DE-588)4152545-0 (DE-588)4033215-9 (DE-588)4140616-3 (DE-588)4221888-3 |
| title | Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy |
| title_auth | Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy |
| title_exact_search | Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy |
| title_full | Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy Ivan V. Markov |
| title_fullStr | Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy Ivan V. Markov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy Ivan V. Markov |
| title_short | Crystal growth for beginners |
| title_sort | crystal growth for beginners fundamentals of nucleation crystal growth and epitaxy |
| title_sub | fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy |
| topic | Kristallwachstum (DE-588)4123579-4 gnd Epitaxie (DE-588)4152545-0 gnd Kristallisation (DE-588)4033215-9 gnd Kristallzüchtung (DE-588)4140616-3 gnd Kristallkeim (DE-588)4221888-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kristallwachstum Epitaxie Kristallisation Kristallzüchtung Kristallkeim |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018592056&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markovivanv crystalgrowthforbeginnersfundamentalsofnucleationcrystalgrowthandepitaxy |