Radar Reflectivity of land and sea:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Undetermined |
| Published: |
Dedham, Mass.
Artech House
1983
|
| Edition: | 2. ed., 2. [Dr.] |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXV, 385 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0890061300 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Long, Maurice W. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| 250 | |a 2. ed., 2. [Dr.] | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Dedham, Mass. |b Artech House |c 1983 | |
| 300 | |a XXXV, 385 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Radar reflectivity of land and sea
Autor: Long, Maurice W.
Jahr: 1983
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Foreword xvü
Chapter 1 Remote Sensing by Radar 1
State of the Art 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Radar Capabilities at End of World War II 5
1.3 Strip Maps and Side-looking Radar 11
Surface Effects and Emerging Techniques 14
1.4 Effects of Surface Characteristics 14
1.5 Emerging Techniques 21
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts and Definitions 31
Radar Reflectivity 31
2.1 The Radar Equation for Free Space 33
2.2 Radar Cross Section of Targets 34
2.3 Normalized Radar Cross Section 35
2.4 Rayleigh Roughness Criterion 36
2.5 Coherence and Incoherence of a Scattered
Field 37
2.6 Far Field of Radar Targets 39
2.7 Relationship between the Autocorrelation
Function and the Power Density Spectrum 40
2.8 Fluctuation Statistics 42
The Earth and Its Effects on Radar 47
2.9 Effects of the Earth s Curvature and
Refraction 47
2.10 The Effect of Interference on a Target 49
?ø
2.11 Nature of the Sea Surface and Wind Speed
Statistics 50
2.12 Propagation Over the Horizon 54
2.13 Attenuation and Scattering by the Atmo-
sphere 57
Chapter 3 Polarization, Depolarization and Theories of Scat-
tering 63
Polarization and Depolarization 63
3.1 Polarization Scattering Matrix 63
3.2 Relationships between Linear and Circular
Polarizations 66
3.3 A Randomly Oriented Dipole 68
3.4 A Diplane Reflector 70
3.5 Depolarization Caused by an Ensemble of
Randomly Oriented Dipoles 72
Theories for Radar Cross Section of Rough
Surfaces 74
3.6 Simplified Models 75
3.7 Classical Interference Theory 77
3.8 The Tangent Plane Approximation 78
3.9 Very Rough Surfaces 78
3.10 The Facet Model 79
3.11 The Slightly Rough Planar Surface 79
3.12 Ripples on Water 81
3.13 Vegetation Model 84
3.14 Composite Surfaces 86
3.15 Doppler Spectra of Sea Echo 87
Chapter 4 Effects of the Earth s Surface 95
Fundamental Concepts 95
4.1 Effects of the Earth1 s Curvature and Refrac-
tion 95
4.2 Reflection Coefficient and Divergence Fac-
tor 98
4.3 Reflection Coefficient for a Flat, Smooth
Earth 98
IX
4.4 Effect of Terrain on Target Echo Strength 102
Echo from Targets That are Above a Flat,
Smooth Earth 106
4.5 Range and Depression Angle Dependence
for a Small Object above a Smooth Earth 111
4.6 Vertically Extensive Objects above a
Smooth Earth 113
4.7 Propagation Factors for Circular, Horizon-
tal and Vertical Polarizations above a
Smooth Earth 116
4.8 Propagation Factors for a Cloud of Scatter-
ers above a Smooth Earth 119
Effects of Surface Roughness on Forward
Scattered Fields 121
4.9 Reflection Coefficient for Rough Surfaces 121
4.10 Shadowing 125
4.11 Depolarization 126
Echo from Targets That are Above a Physi-
cally Rough Earth 127
4.12 Variation of Echo Power with Range 127
4.13 Range at Which Idealized R~4 and /Ã8
Curves Intersect 128
4.14 Relative Cross Sections for Circular Polari-
zations 130
4.15 A Cloud of Scatterers 132
4.16 Effects of the Diffuse Component on Target
Echo 134
Interference Effects on Echo from Land and
Sea 135
4.17 Effects of Forward Scatter on ?° for the Sea 135
4.18 Local Interference 137
4.19 Comparisons between the Classical Inter-
ference Effect and Local Interference 138
Chapter 5 Echo Fluctuations 143
Ground Echo Fluctuations 145
5.1 Nature of Ground Echoes 145
5.2 Amplitude Distributions for Terrain 146
5.3 Frequency Spectra and Autocorrelation
Functions for Land Echo 156
Visual Observations of Sea Echo 168
5.4 Characteristics Revealed by an A-Scope
Display 170
5.5 Results from Fixed Range Sampling 172
5.6 Subjective Radar and Optical Comparison 176
5.7 Anomalies 177
Sea Echo Statistics and Spectra 178
5.8 Amplitude Distributions 178
5.9 Spectra Observed with Noncoherent Radar 189
5.10 Autocorrelation Functions 191
5.11 Frequency Spectra and Relationships with
Sea Surface Mechanisms 196
5.12 Relative Power in Fast and Slow Fluctua-
tions 200
5.13 Phase Coherent Doppler Spectra 202
Chapter 6 Average and Median Cross Sections 211
Introduction 211
6.1 General Characteristics of er° 211
6.2 Differences between Average and Median
Values 212
6.3 Planar Surfaces with Roughness Compara-
ble to a Wavelength or Less 214
6.4 Very Small Incidence Angles 215
6.5 Near Vertical Incidence 218
6.6 Classical Interference Effect 219
Radar Cross Section for Land 220
6.7 Nature of r° for Land 220
XI
6.8 Average ó° for Various Terrains 221
6.9 Median r° for Various Terrains 245
6.10 Dependence on Incidence Angle and Polari-
zation 247
6.11 Wavelength Dependence for Land 255
6.12 Discussion on ó for Land 256
Radar Cross Section for the Sea 260
6.13 Nature of ó° for the Sea 260
6.14 Range Dependence at Small Incidence
Angles 261
6.15 Dependence on Incidence Angle 267
6.16 Incidence Angle Dependence at Low
Frequencies 275
6.17 Dependence of ó° on Polarization 279
6.18 Dependence of ó° on the Wind and Sea 282
6.19 Sea Echo Prediction 293
6.20 Wavelength Dependence for the Sea 2%
6.21 OU Slicks 306
6.22 Discussion on x° for the Sea 306
Chapter 7 Interdependence of Polarization Characteristics 313
Introduction 313
7.1 General Observations 313
7.2 Coherency, Statistical Independence, and
Correlation 315
7.3 A Simplified Polarization Model for Rough
Terrain 318
7.4 Use of the Polarization Model for the Moon 321
Echo from Land, Principally Trees 326
7.5 Amplitude Fluctuations 327
7.6 Interdependence of Amplitude and Phase of
Orthogonally Polarized Echoes 328
7.7 Average and Median Value Data, and De-
pression Angle Dependence 331
7.8 Relative Magnitude of Coherent and Inco-
herent Scattering from Trees 335
Xll
Sea Echo 338
7.9 Fluctuations of Orthogonally Polarized
Components 338
7.10 Averages and Medians for Linear Polariza-
tion 342
7.11 Interdependence of Averages and Medians
for Linear and Circular Polarization 346
7.12 Coherent and Incoherent Scattering from
the Sea 354
Appendices 359
Author Index 375
Subject Index 380
|
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| author | Long, Maurice W. |
| author_facet | Long, Maurice W. |
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| author_sort | Long, Maurice W. |
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| discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| edition | 2. ed., 2. [Dr.] |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV024562714 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:02:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0890061300 |
| language | Undetermined |
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| physical | XXXV, 385 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| psigel | TUB-nve |
| publishDate | 1983 |
| publishDateSearch | 1983 |
| publishDateSort | 1983 |
| publisher | Artech House |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Long, Maurice W. Verfasser aut Radar Reflectivity of land and sea 2. ed., 2. [Dr.] Dedham, Mass. Artech House 1983 XXXV, 385 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Radar (DE-588)4176765-2 gnd rswk-swf Radarsignal (DE-588)4176776-7 gnd rswk-swf Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 gnd rswk-swf Reflexion Physik (DE-588)4177333-0 gnd rswk-swf Radarsignal (DE-588)4176776-7 s Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 s Reflexion Physik (DE-588)4177333-0 s DE-604 Radar (DE-588)4176765-2 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018536360&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Long, Maurice W. Radar Reflectivity of land and sea Radar (DE-588)4176765-2 gnd Radarsignal (DE-588)4176776-7 gnd Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 gnd Reflexion Physik (DE-588)4177333-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4176765-2 (DE-588)4176776-7 (DE-588)4113458-8 (DE-588)4177333-0 |
| title | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_auth | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_exact_search | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_full | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_fullStr | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_short | Radar Reflectivity of land and sea |
| title_sort | radar reflectivity of land and sea |
| topic | Radar (DE-588)4176765-2 gnd Radarsignal (DE-588)4176776-7 gnd Erdoberfläche (DE-588)4113458-8 gnd Reflexion Physik (DE-588)4177333-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Radar Radarsignal Erdoberfläche Reflexion Physik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018536360&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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