Environmental pollution control microbiology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York <<[u.a.]>>
Dekker
2004
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Civil and environmental engineering
16 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 447 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 082475493X |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140515697885184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Environmental pollution control microbiology
Autor: McKinney, Ross E.
Jahr: 2004
Contents
Preface iii
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION 1
Microbiology 2
Chemistry 5
Engineering 6
Pollution Control Microbiology 10
Things to Remember 11
Chapter 2 - BACTERIA 13
Definition and Description 14
Bacteria Structure 18
Microscopes 19
Stains and Staining 21
Cell Wall 22
Cell Membrane 23
Cytosol 24
Flagella and Pili 25
Chemical Composition 25
Metabolism 30
Energy Reactions 31
Synthesis Reactions 43
Coupled Reactions 44
Nitrogen Fixation 46
Actinomycetes 47
Things to Remember 49
References 50
Chapter 3 - BACTERIA GROWTH 52
Batch-Fed Growth Patterns 53
Continuous Feed Growth Patterns 58
Variable Loading Rates 63
Endogenous Respiration 66
vi Contents
Oxygen Metabolism 68
Effect of Temperature 75
Effect of pH 76
Mixing and Turbulence 80
Death 82
Things to Remember 82
References 83
Chapter 4 - FUNGI AND YEASTS 86
Fungi 86
Description 87
Chemical Composition 89
Metabolism and Growth 90
Competition with Bacteria 91
Moisture 92
Cell N P 92
pH 92
Oxygen 93
Antibiotics 93
Yeasts 94
Chemical Composition 95
Metabolism and Growth 95
Things to Remember 97
References 98
Chapter 5 - ALGAE 100
Description 100
Metabolism 104
Cell Nutrients 104
Chemical Composition 105
Growth 106
Environmental Concerns 110
Things to Remember 111
References 112
Contents vii
Chapter 6 - PROTOZOA AND OTHER
ANIMALS 114
Protozoa 114
Description 115
Metabolism and Growth 118
Population Dynamics 122
Reproduction and Survival 123
Rotifers 124
Crustaceans 125
Nematodes and Other Worms 127
Environmental Concerns 128
Things to Remember 128
References 129
Chapter 7 - SOIL MICROBES 131
Soil Characteristics 131
Precipitation 133
Microorganisms 136
Bacteria 136
Fungi 140
Actinomycetes 141
Photosynthetic Microorganisms 141
Protozoa 142
Higher Animals 142
Surface Metabolism 143
Deep Soils 146
Things to Remember 147
References 148
Chapter 8 - WATER MICROBIOLOGY 149
River Water Microbiology 149
Ponds, Lakes, and Reservoirs 157
Waterborne Pathogens 164
Viruses 164
Bacteria 165
viii Contents
Fungi 167
Protozoa 168
Pathogen Problems 169
Water Pollution 170
Things to Remember 172
References 173
Chapter 9 - WATER SUPPLY AND
TREATMENT 175
Groundwater Supply 177
Surface Water Supply 179
Storage 183
Pre-Sedimentation Tanks 186
Pre-Chlorination 187
Chemical Precipitation and Sand Filtration 189
Softening 192
Activated Carbon 193
Disinfection 193
Environmental Regulations 196
Things to Remember 199
References 200
Chapter 10 - WASTEWATER
CHARACTERISTICS AND
COLLECTION 203
Wastewater Characteristics 205
Storm Water 207
Separate Sewers 208
Combined Sewers 211
Rural Runoff 212
Agricultural Runoff 212
Domestic Wastewater 215
5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand 218
Basic Test 218
Previous Studies 223
Contents
Suspended Solids 222
Nitrification 223
Chemical Oxygen Demand 224
Wastewater Flow 226
Industrial Wastewaters 227
Wastewater Collection 230
Storm Water Collection 231
Sanitary Wastewater Collection 231
Things to Remember 235
References 236
Chapter 11-WASTEWATERTREATMENT 238
Storm Water Treatment 239
Urban Systems 239
Industrial Systems 240
Agricultural Systems 240
Domestic Wastewater Treatment 247
Primary Treatment 247
Primary Sedimentation 248
Primary Sludge Treatment 250
Secondary Treatment 255
Trickling Filters 257
Bacteriology of Trickling Filters 259
Biological Concepts for Trickling Filters 262
Activated Sludge 265
Activated Sludge Discovery 266
Basic Process 267
Microbiology of Activated Sludge 268
Bacteria 268
Protozoa 281
Rotifers 283
Nematodes and Other Worms 284
Biochemistry of Activated Sludge 285
Early Studies 285
General Metabolism 290
Energy-Synthesis Reactions 293
x Contents
Limited Dissolved Oxygen 294
Design and Operation 295
Aeration Tank Configurations 295
Aeration Equipment 296
A Design for Microorganisms 301
Aeration Tank Mixing 304
Quantitative Relationships 305
Nitrification 310
Denitrification 311
Biological Phosphorus Removal 313
Final Sedimentation Tanks 316
Return Activated Sludge 319
Activated Sludge Changes 320
Stabilization Ponds 328
Design Concepts 328
Microbiology of Stabilization Ponds 329
Biochemistry of Stabilization Ponds 330
Operating Characteristics 333
Aerated Lagoons 335
Disinfection 338
Industrial Wastewater Treatment 339
Aerobic Biotreatment 340
Plastic Media Trickling Filters 341
Activated Sludge 342
Stabilization Ponds 345
Aerated Lagoons 347
Anaerobic Biotreatment 348
Anaerobic Lagoons 348
High Rate Anaerobic Treatment 349
Things to Remember 356
References 358
Chapter 12 - AIR MICROBIOLOGY 366
The Air Environment 366
Sampling Techniques 368
Central Heating and Air Conditioning 370
Contents xi
Sewage Irrigation and Sludge Application 372
Aeration Tanks 374
Urban Communities 376
Things to Remember 378
References 379
Chapter 13 - SOLID WASTES 382
Solid Waste Characteristics 382
Municipal Solid Wastes 384
Industrial Solid Wastes 385
Construction and Demolition Solid Wastes 385
Street Sweepings 386
Water and Wastewater Sludges 387
Automobile Solid Wastes 388
Bulky Solid Wastes 388
Trees 389
Agricultural Solid Wastes 389
Mining Solid Wastes 389
Processing Solid Wastes 390
Sanitary Landfills 390
Basic Concepts 391
Biological Activity 392
Stimulating Bacterial Activity 394
Gas Production 396
Nutrient Deficient 397
Sanitary Landfill Research 398
Composting 401
Windrow Composting 402
High-Rate Composting 403
Wastewater Sludge Composting 404
Yard Waste Composting 405
Agricultural Composting 406
Soil Stabilization 407
Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge 408
Agricultural Solid Wastes 408
Municipal Solid Wastes 409
xii Contents
Things to Remember 410
References 411
Chapter 14 - HAZARDOUS WASTES 413
Defining Hazardous Wastes 414
Sources of Hazardous Wastes 415
Treatment Concepts 416
Physical Treatment 416
Chemical Treatment 417
Biological Treatment 418
Early Biological Treatment Systems 419
Research Studies 421
Toxic Nitrogen Compounds 422
Chlorinated Organic Compounds 424
Developing Biotreatment Systems for Hazardous
Wastewaters 426
Laboratory Treatment Units 428
Full Size Treatment Plant Design 431
In-Situ Treatment 432
Things to Remember 434
References 435
INDEX 438
|
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