The theory of functional grammar: 1 The structure of the clause
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin <<[u.a.]>>
Mouton de Gruyter
1997
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| Edition: | 2., rev. ed. |
| Series: | Functional grammar series
20 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XX, 509 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 3110154048 311015403X |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Dik, Simon C |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The theory of functional grammar |n 1 |p The structure of the clause |c Simon C. Dik. Ed. by Kees Hengeveld |
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| adam_text | Titel: Bd. 1. The theory of functional grammar. The structure of the clause
Autor: Dik, Simon C
Jahr: 1997
Table of contents List of tables and figures ....................................xvii Abbreviations used in FG-representations........................xix 1. Methodological preliminaries ............................... 1 1.0. Introduction ........................................ 1 1.1. Functional Grammar.................................. 2 1.2. The functional paradigm............................... 4 1.3. Some aspects of verbal interaction....................... 8 1.3.1. A model of verbal interaction .................... 8 1.3.2. The staicture of pragmatic information............ 10 1.3.3. Mutual knowledge............................ 10 1.3.4. Intention, meaning, and interpretation............. 12 1.4. Standards of adequacy ............................... 12 1.4.1. Pragmatic adequacy........................... 13 1.4.2. Psychological adequacy........................ 13 1.4.3. Typological adequacy ......................... 14 1.4.4. The relations between the standards .............. 15 1.5. Abstractness, concreteness, and applicability.............. 15 1.6. Take languages seriously ............................. 17 1.7. Constraints on the power of FG........................ 18 1.7.1. Avoid transformations......................... 19 1.7.2. Avoid filtering devices ........................ 21 1.7.3. Avoid abstract semantic predicates............... 23 1.7.4. Motivating these constraints .................... 23 2. Some basic concepts of linguistic theory...................... 25 2.0. Introduction ....................................... 25 2.1. The importance of functional notions.................... 25 2.2. Linguistic universals................................. 27 2.3. Hierarchies........................................ 30 2.4. Priorities.......................................... 34 2.4.1. Hierarchies and priorities ...................... 34 2.4.2. An example................................. 38 2.4.3. On explaining
priorities........................ 39
x The Theory of Functional Grammar 1 2.5. Markedness .......................................41 2.5.1. Marked construction types ..................... 41 2.5.2. Markedness in oppositions ..................... 43 2.5.3. Markedness shift............................. 44 3. Preview of Functional Grammar............................49 3.0. Introduction ....................................... 49 3.1. The structure of the clause ............................49 3.2. The structure of FG ................................. 56 3.2.1. Notes on the mode of presentation ............... 56 3.2.2. Outline of the FG model ....................... 58 3.3. The structure of this work............................. 72 4. The nuclear predication................................... 77 4.0. Introduction ....................................... 77 4.1. The nuclear predication .............................. 78 4.2. Predicate frames.................................... 78 4.2.1. Predicate variables............................ 82 4.2.2. The form of the predicate ...................... 84 4.2.3. The Type of the predicate ...................... 84 4.2.4. Redundancy rules ............................ 86 4.2.5. Arguments vs. satellites........................ 86 4.2.6. Selection restrictions.......................... 91 4.3. Meaning postulates and meaning definitions.............. 97 4.4. Idioms........................................... 103 5. States of Affairs and semantic functions..................... 105 5.0. Introduction ...................................... 105 5.1. States of Affairs, predicates, and “Modes of Action” ...... 106 5.2. Semantic parameters for a typology of SoAs............. 106 5.2.1. ± Dynamic................................. 107 5.2.2. ± Telic .................................... 108 5.2.3. ± Momentaneous............................ Ill 5.2.4. The interrelations between [dyn], [tel], and [mom], . Ill 5.2.5. ±
Control.................................. 112 5.2.5. ± Experience ............................... 115 5.3. Nuclear semantic functions .......................... 117 5.3.0. Introduction................................ 117 5.3.1. First argument semantic functions............... 118 5.3.2. Other nuclear semantic functions ............... 120
Table of contents xi 5.4. Predication, State of Affairs, and “Reality”.............. 124 6. On the function and structure of terms ...................... 127 6.0. Introduction ...................................... 127 6.1. The nature of reference.............................. 127 6.1.1. Entities are mental constants .................. 129 6.1.2. Two ways of referring........................ 130 6.2. The structure of terms............................... 132 6.3. A typology of entities............................... 136 6.3.1. Different orders of entities..................... 136 6.3.2. Different types of first-order entities............. 137 6.3.2.1. The insufficiency of set theory.......... 138 6.3.2.2. Types of entities..................... 140 6.3.2.3. Ensemble nouns and set nouns.......... 142 6.3.3. Referring to properties and relations............. 146 6.4. Types of restrictors................................. 147 6.4.1. Some properties of underlying term structure...... 147 6.4.2. Different surface forms of restrictors ............ 151 6.5. The representation of personal pronouns................ 152 6.6. Types of relations between terms and predicate........... 154 7. Term operators......................................... 159 7.0. Introduction ...................................... 159 7.1. Operators in FG ................................... 159 7.2. Semantic domains of term operators ................... 161 7.3. Qualifying term operators............................ 163 7.3.1. Modes of being ............................. 163 7.3.2. Sortal classifiers ............................ 164 7.3.3. Collectivizing and individualizing operators....... 165 7.4. Quantifying term operators........................... 166 7.4.1. Mensural classifiers.......................... 166 7.4.2. Quantifiers and Numerators ................... 168 7.4.2.1. General principles of term quantification .. 169 7.4.2.2. Referent ensemble,
Domain ensemble, and Universal ensemble .................. 171 7.4.2.3. A typology of quantifiers.............. 171 7.4.2.4. Universal quantification............... 175 7.4.3. Genericity ................................. 176 7.4.4. Ordinators ................................. 178
xii The Theory of Functional Grammar 1 7.5. Localizing term operators............................ 180 7.5.1. Demonstratives ............................. 180 7.5.2. Definiteness and indefiniteness................. 183 7.5.3. Specificity................................. 188 8. Non-verbal predicates ................................... 193 8.0. Introduction ...................................... 193 8.1. Categorial differences between predicates............... 193 8.2. Adjectival predicates ............................... 197 8.3. Copula support.................................... 198 8.4. Nominal predicates................................. 202 8.5. Adpositional predicates ............................. 206 8.6. Possessive predicates ............................... 208 8.7. Locative and existential constructions.................. 209 8.7.1. Initial analysis.............................. 209 8.7.2. The role of pragmatic functions ................ 212 8.8. Differences in argument type......................... 214 9. Nuclear, core, and extended predication ..................... 217 9.0. Introduction ...................................... 217 9.1. From nuclear to core predication ...................... 218 9.1.1. Predicate operators .......................... 219 9.1.2. Aspectuality ............................... 221 9.1.2.1. Perfective and Imperfective............ 222 9.1.2.2. Phasal Aspect distinctions ............. 225 9.1.3. Level 1 satellites ............................ 225 9.2. From core to extended predication..................... 232 9.2.1. Variables for states of affairs................... 232 9.2.2. Predication operators......................... 236 9.2.2.1. Quantifying predication operators.......236 9.2.2.2. Localizing predication operators ........237 9.2.2.2.1. Tense...................... 237 9.2.2.2.2. Perspectival Aspect.......... 238 9.2.2.2.3. Objective mood and Polarity ... 241 9.2.3. Level 2 satellites
............................ 243 10. Perspectivizing the State of Affairs: Subject and Object assignment...................................... 247 10.0. Introduction ...................................... 247 10.1. Some differences with other approaches ................ 248
Table of contents xiii 10.2. The FG interpretation of Subject and Object............. 250 10.3. Subject/Object vs. semantic and pragmatic functions ...... 254 10.4. Accessibility to Subj/Obj assignment................... 258 10.4.1. Criteria for the relevance of Subject and Object .... 259 10.4.2. The Semantic Function Hierarchy............... 262 11. Reconsidering the Semantic Function Hierarchy; Raising; Ergativity...................................... 271 11.0. Introduction ...................................... 271 11.1. Subj/Obj assignment and the layering of the clause........271 11.2. Subj/Obj assignment to Loc and Temp.................. 272 11.3. First and second argument as targets for Subj ............ 275 11.4. A multi-factor approach to Subj/Obj assignment.......... 277 11.5. Raising phenomena ................................ 280 11.6. Markedness shift .................................. 281 11.6.1. Markedness shift and Obj assignment............ 282 11.6.2. Markedness shift and Subj assignment: ergativity .. 284 12. Predication, proposition, clause............................ 291 12.0. Introduction ...................................... 291 12.1. States of Affairs and Possible Facts.................... 292 12.2. From predication to proposition....................... 294 12.2.1. The propositional content variable .............. 294 12.2.2. Proposition operators......................... 295 12.2.3. Attitudinal satellites.......................... 297 12.3. From proposition to clause........................... 299 12.3.1. The illocutionary variable..................... 299 12.3.2. Illocutionary operators........................ 300 12.3.3. Illocutionary satellites........................ 304 13. Pragmatic functions..................................... 309 13.0. Introduction ...................................... 309 13.1. Extra-clausal and intra-clausal pragmatic functions........ 310 13.2. Clause-internal
pragmatic functions.................... 311 13.3. Topic and topicality ................................ 313 13.3.1. Introducing a NewTop........................ 315 13.3.2. Maintaining a D-Topic ....................... 318 13.3.3. Given Topic and Sub-Topic.................... 323 13.3.4. Resuming a Given Topic...................... 325
xiv The Theory of Functional Grammar 1 13.4. Focus and focality.................................. 326 13.4.1. Question-Answer pairs ....................... 328 13.4.2. Different types of Focus ...................... 330 13.4.2.1. Differences of scope.................. 330 13.4.2.2. Differences in communicative point ..... 331 13.4.3. The role of Focus in a grammar ................ 335 14. Expression rules........................................ 339 14.0. Introduction ...................................... 339 14.1. Interaction between different types of expression rules..... 340 14.2. Productivity; rules and regularities..................... 342 14.3. Lexical priority.................................... 345 14.4. The representation of non-productive forms ............. 345 14.5. The place of morphology in a Functional Grammar ....... 348 14.6. General format of form-determining expression rules...... 351 14.6.1. Changes effected by expression rules............ 352 14.6.2. Types of p-operators ......................... 353 14.6.3. Types of operanda ........................... 357 14.6.4. Simultaneous application of p-operators ......... 360 14.6.5. The sequential application of p-operators......... 361 15. The operation of expression rules .......................... 365 15.0. Introduction ...................................... 365 15.1. Expression rules affecting the form of terms............. 365 15.1.1. Semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic functions...... 365 15.1.2. Case marking............................... 368 15.1.3. The expression of term operators ............... 372 15.1.4. Agreement within terms ...................... 373 15.2. Expression rules affecting the predicate ................ 377 15.2.1. Voice distinctions............................ 377 15.2.2. The effects of ^-operators..................... 380 15.2.3. The expression of polarity..................... 384 15.2.4. The expression of illocutionary
operators......... 386 15.3. Agreement at the clause level......................... 388 16. Principles of constituent ordering .......................... 391 16.0. Introduction ...................................... 391 16.1. Some preliminary remarks........................... 392 16.2. Towards a multifunctional theory of constituent ordering ... 394 16.3. Some auxiliary notions.............................. 396
Table of contents xv 16.4. Constituent ordering principles ....................... 399 16.4.1. General principles........................... 399 16.4.2. Specific principles........................... 405 17. Constituent ordering: problems and complications............. 417 17.0. Introduction ...................................... 417 17.1. Object-Subject languages............................417 17.2. Special positions................................... 420 17.2.1. The uses of PI.............................. 420 17.2.2. Special positions other than PI ................. 424 17.3. Constituent ordering within term phrases................ 427 17.3.1. Applicability of the principles to the term domain .. 428 17.3.2. Hawkins’facts and their explanation ............ 431 17.3.3. Discussion of Hawkins’ explanation............. 433 17.3.4. Some conclusions ........................... 435 17.4. Displacement phenomena............................436 17.5. Interactions between the ordering principles............. 439 17.5.1. Preposings in Postfield languages...............439 17.5.2. Postposings in Prefield languages............... 441 18. Prosodic features....................................... 443 18.0. Introduction ...................................... 443 18.1. Prosodic contours.................................. 443 18.1.1. Tone......................................444 18.1.2. Accent.................................... 446 18.1.3. Intonation..................................448 18.1.4. The form of prosodic contours .................449 18.2. The functions of prosody ............................ 452 18.2.1. Distinctive function..........................452 18.2.2. Characterizing function....................... 453 18.2.3. Predicate formation (derivation and composition) .. 454 18.2.4. Inflectional expression ailes................... 455 18.2.5. Pragmatic functions.......................... 455 18.2.5.1. Topicality
.......................... 456 18.2.5.2. Focality............................ 457 18.2.6. Articulation of the clause ..................... 461 18.2.7. Illocutionary operators........................ 462 18.2.8. Conventionalized pragmatic effects .............463 18.2.9. Emotional expression ........................ 464 18.3. On generating prosodic contours ...................... 464
xvi The Theory of Functional Grammar 1 References ............................................... 467 Index of languages ........................................ 493 Index of names............................................ 495 Index of subjects .......................................... 499
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| physical | XX, 509 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
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| series | Functional grammar series |
| series2 | Functional grammar series |
| spelling | Dik, Simon C Verfasser aut The theory of functional grammar 1 The structure of the clause Simon C. Dik. Ed. by Kees Hengeveld 2., rev. ed. Berlin <<[u.a.]>> Mouton de Gruyter 1997 XX, 509 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Functional grammar series 20 Functional grammar series ... Funktionale Grammatik (DE-588)4125092-8 gnd rswk-swf Funktionale Grammatik (DE-588)4125092-8 s DE-604 (DE-604)BV024131326 1 Functional grammar series 20 (DE-604)BV000018354 20 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018283683&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dik, Simon C The theory of functional grammar Functional grammar series Funktionale Grammatik (DE-588)4125092-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125092-8 |
| title | The theory of functional grammar |
| title_auth | The theory of functional grammar |
| title_exact_search | The theory of functional grammar |
| title_full | The theory of functional grammar 1 The structure of the clause Simon C. Dik. Ed. by Kees Hengeveld |
| title_fullStr | The theory of functional grammar 1 The structure of the clause Simon C. Dik. Ed. by Kees Hengeveld |
| title_full_unstemmed | The theory of functional grammar 1 The structure of the clause Simon C. Dik. Ed. by Kees Hengeveld |
| title_short | The theory of functional grammar |
| title_sort | the theory of functional grammar the structure of the clause |
| topic | Funktionale Grammatik (DE-588)4125092-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funktionale Grammatik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018283683&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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