Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim <<[u.a.]>>
VCH
1995
|
| Series: | IIC studies
17 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 323 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 3527287256 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | IIG STUDIES STUDIES IN INDUSTRIAI PROPERTY AND COPYRIGHT LAW TOSHIKO
TAKENAKA INTERPRETING PATENT CLAIMS: THE UNITED STATES, GERMANY AND
JAPAN VCH TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE VII INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 A
HISTORICAL REVIEW OF CLAIM INTERPRETATION 3 §1.01 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
CLAIM LANGUAGE: CENTRAL DEFINITION THEORY V. PERIPHERAL DEFINITION
THEORY 3 §1.02 CLAIM INTERPRETATION IN THE UNITED STATES 6 [1] CENTRAL
DEFINITION THEORY IN AMERICAN COURT DECISIONS 6 [A] AN OVERVIEW 6 [B]
THE SUBSTANTIALLY AS DESCRIBED CLAIM FORMAT 7 [E] THE RISE OF THE
PERIPHERAL DEFINITION THEORY: CHANGES IN CLAIM FORMAT 11 [D] THE NEW
ROLE OF THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE PERIPHERAL DEFINITION
THEORY 12 (1) GRAVER TANK & MFG. CO. V. LINDE AIR PRODUCTS CO. 13 [E]
RETURNING TO THE PERIPHERAL DEFINITION THEORY 17 (1) PENNWALT CORP. V.
DURAND-WAYLAND, INC. (1987) 19 [F] RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CLAIM
INTERPRETATION 21 §1.03 CLAIM INTERPRETATION IN GERMANY 26 [1] CENTRAL
DEFINITION THEORY IN GERMAN CLAIM INTERPRETATION THEORY AND GERMAN COURT
DECISIONS 26 [A] OVERVIEW 26 [B] FIRST PERIOD (1877-1910): PERIPHERAL
DEFINITION THEORY IN THE EARLY GERMAN PATENT SYSTEM 27 [E] SECOND PERIOD
(1910-1930): DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF PATENT PROTECTION ON THE BASIS OF
THE INVENTIVE IDEA AND THE TRANSITION TO CENTRAL DEFINITION THEORY 30
[D] THIRD PERIOD (1940-1979): THREE-PART THEORY COMBINING CENTRAL
DEFINITION THEORY WITH PERIPHERAL DEFINITION THEORY 33 [2] ESTABLISHING
THE THEORY OF GERMAN CLAIM INTERPRETATION REQUIRING ADHERENCE TO CLAIM
LANGUAGE 36 §1.04 CLAIM INTERPRETATION IN JAPAN 39 [1] CENTRAL
DEFINITION THEORY AND PERIPHERAL DEFINITION THEORY IN JAPANESE COURT AND
TRIAL DECISIONS 39 [A] OVERVIEW 39 [B] EARLY DECISIONS (1871-1959):
ESTABLISHING CLAIM INTERPRETATION PRINCIPLES RELYING ON PERIPHERAL
DEFINITION THEORY BY MODIFYING GERMAN PATENT PRINCIPLES 40 [E] MODERN
DECISIONS (AFTER 1960): MODIFYING CLAIM INTERPRETATION PRINCIPLES BY
ADOPTING AMERICAN PRINCIPLES .. 47 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 GENERAL
THEORIES OF CLAIM INTERPRETATION 53 §2.01 GENERAL 53 §2.02 CLAIM
INTERPRETATION IN THE UNITED STATES 54 [1] THE TWO-STEP TESTS FOR
INFRINGEMENT 54 [2] SECTION 112 EQUIVALENTS AND JUDICIALLY CREATED
EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 57 [3] THE TRIANGULAR
RELATIONSHIP INVOLVED IN DETERMINING PROTECTION SCOPE 58 §2.03 CLAIM
INTERPRETATION IN GERMANY 59 [1] INCOMPLETE TWO-STEP TEST FOR
INFRINGEMENT 59 [2] UNIFIED EQUIVALENCY STANDARD UNDER THE NEW PATENT
LAW 63 [3] THE TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIP INVOLVED IN DETERMINING
PROTECTION SCOPE 65 §2.04 CLAIM INTERPRETATION IN JAPAN 65 [1] LACK OF
THEORETICAL STRUCTURE IN JAPANESE CLAIM INTERPRETATION . 65 [2] ONE TYPE
OF EQUIVALENTS 68 [3] EMBODIMENTS AND THEIR EVIDENT EQUIVALENTS IN
DETERMINING PROTECTION SCOPE 68 CHAPTER 3 APPLICATION OF CLAIM
INTERPRETATION THEORY AND PRINCIPLES 69 §3.01 GENERAL 69 §3.02 THE
UNITED STATES 69 [1] DEFINING LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE 69 [A] THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF CLAIM LANGUAGE 69 [B] AIDS TO INTERPRETATION 73 [E]
SPECIFICATIONS 77 (1) THE OBJECTS AND EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION 77 (2)
EMBODIMENTS 80 (I) VALIDITY AND CLAIM INTERPRETATION 81 (II) AMBIGUOUS
TERMS 84 [D] THE FORM OF THE CLAIM 88 (1) PREAMBLE 89 (2) TRANSITION 91
(3) ELEMENTS 92 (I) MARKUSH LIMITATIONS 92 (II) LIMITATIONS WITH
RELATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL TERMS 92 (III) MEANS-PLUS-FUNCTION LIMITATIONS
94 (4) PRODUCT AND PROCESS CLAIMS 98 [E] CLAIM DIFFERENTIATION 101 [F]
PROSECUTION HISTORY 103 [G] OTHER TOOLS FOR DETERMINING LITERAL CLAIM
SCOPE 108 [H] REVERSE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 109 [2] EXPANDING BEYOND
THE LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE: DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 113 [A] OVERVIEW 113
[B] TEST FOR EQUIVALENTS 115 (1) NO OBJECTIVE TEST 115 (2) LITERAL
IDENTITY V. EQUIVALENCE 115 (3) GRAVER TANK S THREE-PART TEST 116 TABLE
OFCONTENTS (4) NONOBVIOUSNESS TEST 119 (5) AS A WHOLE V.
ELEMENT-BY-ELEMENT 119 (6) TYPICAL EXAMPLES 125 (I) IMPROVEMENTS 126
(II) PIONEER INVENTIONS 128 (III) INFERIOR MODIFICATIONS 130 (IV)
INSUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATIONS 133 [E] LIMITATIONS FOR EQUIVALENTS 134 (1)
PROSECUTION HISTORY ESTOPPEL 134 (I) NATURE OF PROSECUTION HISTORY
ESTOPPEL 134 (II) CHARACTERISTIC OF DEFENSE 136 (III) ACTS GIVING RISE
TO ESTOPPEL 137 (2) PRIOR ART 141 [3] PROOF OF INFRINGEMENT 149 [A]
QUESTIONS OF LAW AND QUESTIONS OF FACT 149 [B] BURDEN OF PROOF 150 §3.03
GERMANY 151 [1] DEFINING LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE 151 [A] SIGNIFICANCE OF
CLAIM LANGUAGE 151 (1) TRADITIONAL VIEW: THE RELATIVE INSIGNIFICANCE OF
A CLAIM 151 (2) PATENT ACT OF 1981: THE INCREASING SIGNIFICANCE OF CLAIM
LANGUAGE 152 [B] CLAIM CONSTRUCTION STEP 154 [E] SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS 157 [D] VALIDITY AND CLAIM INTERPRETATION
160 [E] FORM OF THE CLAIM 161 [2] EXPANDING LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE:
DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 162 [A] OVERVIEW 162 [B] TESTS FOR EQUIVALENTS
165 (1) THE OBJECTIVE TEST 165 (2) LITERAL IDENTITY V. EQUIVALENT 166
(3) COMBINATION TESTS FOR EQUIVALENTS 168 (4) THE SOLUTION PRINCIPLE
TEST 169 (5) LEGAI CERTAINTY TEST 172 (6) NONOBVIOUSNESS TEST 173 (7)
GENERALIZATION TEST 179 (8) PIONEER INVENTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS 184 [E]
LIMITATIONS FOR EQUIVALENTS 190 [D] BURDEN OF PROOF. 193 §3.04 JAPAN 193
[1] DEFINING LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE 193 [A] SIGNIFICANCE OF CLAIM LANGUAGE
193 (1) FUNCTION OF CLAIM LANGUAGE 193 (2) ALI ELEMENT RULE 194 (3)
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT RULE 195 (4) ADDITION OF ELEMENTS 198 [B] AIDS TO
INTERPRETATION 199 [E] SPECIFICATIONS 202 (1) OBJECTS AND EFFECTS OF THE
INVENTION 202 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS (2) EMBODIMENTS 209 (I) VALIDITY AND
CLAIM INTERPRETATION 211 (II) AMBIGUOUS TERMS 216 [D] FORM OF THE CLAIMS
221 (1) PREAMBLE 221 (2) TRANSITION 223 (3) ELEMENTS 223 (I)
MEANS-PLUS-FUNCTION LIMITATIONS 223 (II) LIMITATIONS WITH RELATIVE AND
FUNCTIONAL TERMS 226 (4) PRODUCT AND PROCESS CLAIMS 228 (5) CLAIM
DIFFERENTIATION 230 (I) SINGLE CLAIM TRADITION 230 (II) NEW ERA OF THE
MULTIPLE CLAIM SYSTEM 232 [E] PROSECUTION HISTORY 233 [FJ OTHER TOOLS
FOR FINDING LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE 239 [G] REVERSE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS
242 [2] EXPANDING LITERAL CLAIM SCOPE: THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS ..
.243 [A] OVERVIEW 243 (1) TWO LINES OF CASES 243 (2) THE STRINGENT VIEW
244 (3) THE LIBERAI VIEW 248 [B] TEST FOR EQUIVALENTS 257 (1) NO
OBJECTIVE STANDARD 257 (2) LITERAL IDENTITY V. EQUIVALENTS 258 (3)
NARROW SCOPE OF APPLICABILITY 261 (4) FUNCTION/WAY/RESULT AND THE
NONOBVIOUSNESS TEST 267 (5) TYPICAL EXAMPLES 269 (I) IMPROVEMENT 269
(II) JUDICIALLY CREATED JAPANESE EQUIVALENTS 275 [E] LIMITATIONS FOR
EQUIVALENTS 277 (1) PROSECUTION HISTORY ESTOPPEL 277 (2) PRIOR ART 283
[D] BURDEN OF PROOF. 285 CHAPTER 4 PROPOSAI FOR HARMONIZATION 287 §4.01
GENERAL 287 §4.02 THE PROPOSAI 288 [1] TWO-STEP TESTS FOR FINDING
INFRINGEMENT 288 [A] OVERVIEW 288 (1) NEED FOR HARMONIZATION 288 (2)
PATENT POLICY 289 (3) UNIFICATION OF TESTS FOR PATENTABILITY AND
INFRINGEMENT. .290 [B] ALI ELEMENT RULE 293 (1) CLAIM LANGUAGE V.
DISCLOSURE IN THE SPECIFICATION 293 (2) ELEMENT-BY-ELEMENT ANALYSIS 294
(3) NECESSITY OF A TWO-STEP INFRINGEMENT TEST 295 [E] DOCTRINE OF
EQUIVALENTS 298 (1) THE NONOBVIOUSNESS TEST 298 (2) LIMITATION TO THE
DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 301 TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII §4.03 AMENDMENTS 302
[1] UNITED STATES 302 [A] LITERAL INFRINGEMENT 302 [B] DOCTRINE OF
EQUIVALENTS 302 [2] GERMANY 304 [A] LITERAL INFRINGEMENT 304 (1)
TWO-STEP TEST 304 [B] DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 305 [3] JAPAN 306 [A]
LITERAL INFRINGEMENT 306 [B] DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS 307 §4.04 PROPOSAI
FOR A HARMONIZATION PROGRAM 308 TABLE OF CASES 311 BIBLIOGRAPHY 317
INDEX 321
|
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| spelling | Takenaka, Toshiko Verfasser aut Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan Toshiko Takenaka Weinheim <<[u.a.]>> VCH 1995 XIII, 323 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier IIC studies 17 Patentanspruch (DE-588)4394783-9 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Patentanspruch (DE-588)4394783-9 s DE-604 Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 g IIC studies 17 (DE-604)BV008927850 17 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018337665&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Takenaka, Toshiko Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan IIC studies Patentanspruch (DE-588)4394783-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4394783-9 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4028495-5 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan |
| title_auth | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan |
| title_exact_search | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan |
| title_full | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan Toshiko Takenaka |
| title_fullStr | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan Toshiko Takenaka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan Toshiko Takenaka |
| title_short | Interpreting patent claims: the United States, Germany and Japan |
| title_sort | interpreting patent claims the united states germany and japan |
| topic | Patentanspruch (DE-588)4394783-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Patentanspruch USA Japan Deutschland |
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