Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring:
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| Other Authors: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam <<[u.a.]>>
Elsevier
2007
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Series: | Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry
48 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXII, 453 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780444522252 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Contributors to Volume 48.................................. vii
Volumes in the Series...................................... xi
Preface................................................. xxv
Series Editor s Preface..................................... xxix
Foreword............................................... xxxi
Part I: Air
Chapter 1. Theory of solid phase microextraction and its application in
passive sampling
Yong Chen and Janusz Pawliszyn
1.1 Introduction..................................... 3
1.2 Calibration in solid phase microextraction............... 6
1.2.1 Equilibrium extraction........................ 7
1.2.2 Exhaustive extraction......................... 8
1.2.3 Pre-equilibrium extraction..................... 9
1.2.4 Calibration based on first-order reaction rate constant 10
1.2.5 Calibration based on diffusion.................. 12
References.......................................... 31
Chapter 2. The use of different designs of passive samplers for air
monitoring of persistent organic pollutants
Rosalinda Gioia, Kevin C. Jones and Tom Harner
2.1 Introduction..................................... 33
2.2 The context: why develop passive air sampling techniques for
POPS?......................................... 35
2.3 What approaches can be used?....................... 38
2.4 The choice of sampler designs: features, advantages and
potential problems................................ 40
2.4.1 Low-capacity sampling: polymer-coated glass....... 42
2.4.2 Medium-capacity sampling devices: polyurethane
foam disks................................. 43
2.4.3 High-capacity sampling devices: semipermeable
membrane devices and XAD-2 resin.............. 44
xv
Contents
2.5 Case studies and applications of PAS for POPS........... 46
2.5.1 POGs: case studies and applications.............. 46
2.5.2 SPMDs: case studies and applications............. 47
2.5.3 PUF disks: case studies and applications.......... 49
2.5.4 XAD-2 resin: case studies and applications......... 51
2.6 Future improvements and needs for PAS for POPS....... 52
References.......................................... 53
Chapter 3. Passive sampling in combination with thermal desorption
and gas chromatography as a tool for assessment of chemical
exposure
Anna-Lena Sunesson
3.1 The applicability of passive sampling for chemical exposure
assessment...................................... 57
3.2 Passive sampling, basic theory....................... 58
3.3 Sampling rates................................... 60
3.4 Standards for evaluation of passive samplers............ 60
3.5 Sampler designs for passive sampling-thermal desorption
analysis......................................... 61
3.6 Thermal desorption............................... 64
3.7 Adsorbents...................................... 67
3.8 Analytical equipment for thermal desorption............ 69
3.9 Applications using passive sampling-thermal desorption-gas
chromatography for exposure assessment; examples and
trends.......................................... 70
3.10 Possible limitations/sources of error when using passive
sampling-thermal desorption-gas chromatography........ 72
3.11 Self-assessment of exposure......................... 74
3.12 Practical considerations............................ 76
3.12.1 Selecting a suitable adsorbent for the analytes of
interest.................................. 76
3.12.2 Minimising artefacts......................... 77
3.12.3 Blank samples............................. 78
3.12.4 Personal (individual) exposure assessment........ 78
3.13 Concluding remarks and future perspectives............. 79
References.......................................... 79
Chapter 4. Use of permeation passive samplers in air monitoring
Bozena Zabiegala and Jacek Namiesnik
4.1 Introduction..................................... 85
4.2 Theory......................................... 86
4.2.1 Membrane................................. 88
xvi
Contents
4.3 Design of the permeation passive sampler............... 91
4.4 Calibration of gut permeation passive samplers........... 92
4.5 Determination of the calibration constants of gut permeation
passive samplers with silicone membranes based on physico-
chemical properties of the analytes.................... 92
4.5.1 Number of carbon atoms...................... 95
4.5.2 Molecular mass............................. 96
4.5.3 Boiling point temperature..................... 96
4.5.4 Linear temperature-programmed retention index
system.................................... 98
4.5.5 Application of GUT permeation passive sample in
indoor air analysis........................... 103
4.6 Conclusion...................................... 104
References.......................................... 105
Chapter 5. Membrane-enclosed sorptive coating as integrative sampler
for monitoring organic compounds in air
Peter Popp, Heidrun Paschke, Branislav Vrana, Luise Wennrich
and Albrecht Paschke
5.1 Introduction..................................... 107
5.2 Theory......................................... 108
5.3 Experimental.................................... 110
5.3.1 Preparation and design of the MESCO samplers .... 110
5.3.2 Chemicals................................. Ill
5.3.3 Generation of the standard gas mixtures and
calibration of the samplers..................... Ill
5.3.4 Thermodesorption/GC-MS analysis.............. 114
5.3.5 Field application............................. 116
5.4 Results......................................... 116
5.4.1 Laboratory exposure experiments................ 116
5.4.2 Comparison of the different MESCO types......... 118
5.4.3 On-site exposure experiments................... 119
5.5 Conclusions...................................... 122
References.......................................... 122
Chapter 6. Towards quantitative monitoring of semivolatile organic
compounds using passive air samplers
Michael E. Bartkow, Carl E. Orazio, Todd Gouin, James N. Huckins
and Jochen F. Miiller
6.1 Introduction..................................... 125
6.2 Estimating air concentrations........................ 126
xvii
Contents
6.3 Environmental factors............................. 131
6.4 Conclusions...................................... 133
Acknowledgments..................................... 134
References.......................................... 134
Part II: Water
Chapter 7. Theory, modelling and calibration of passive samplers used
in water monitoring
Kees Booij, Branislav Vrana and James N. Huckins
7.1 Introduction..................................... 141
7.2 Basic concepts and models for SPMDs................. 142
7.3 Model application to other passive samplers............. 146
7.4 Validity of the model assumptions..................... 147
7.5 Water boundary layer resistance...................... 149
7.6 Membrane resistance.............................. 152
7.7 Biofouling layer.................................. 156
7.8 Other intermediate phases.......................... 157
7.9 Calibration...................................... 158
7.9.1 Static exposure design........................ 158
7.9.2 Static renewal design......................... 159
7.9.3 Continuous flow design....................... 160
7.9.4 In situ calibration........................... 161
7.10 Conclusion and outlook............................. 162
References.......................................... 164
Chapter 8. Tool for monitoring hydrophilic contaminants in water:
polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)
David A. Alvarez, James N. Huckins, Jimmie D. Petty, Tammy
Jones-Lepp, Frank Stuer-Lauridsen, Dominic T. Getting, Jon P.
Goddard and Anthony Gravell
8.1 Introduction..................................... 171
8.2 Fundamentals of POCIS............................ 173
8.2.1 POCIS description and rationale................ 173
8.2.2 Applicability of POCIS........................ 176
8.3 Theory and modeling.............................. 176
8.4 Study considerations............................... 182
8.4.1 Use and processing........................... 182
8.4.2 Data quality consideration..................... 183
8.5 Case studies..................................... 185
8.5.1 Application of POCIS for pharmaceutical monitoring in
the United States............................ 185
XVlll
Contents
8.5.2 Comparison of POCIS and traditional sampling for
wastewater monitoring........................ 186
8.5.3 Application of POCIS for pesticide monitoring in
Denmark.................................. 187
8.5.4 Application of POCIS for pharmaceutical monitoring in
the United Kingdom.......................... 189
8.6 Future research consideration........................ 192
8.6.1 Development of the PRC approach in POCIS....... 192
8.6.2 Determination of sampling rate and kinetic data for
chemicals of interest......................... 194
8.7 Conclusions...................................... 195
References.......................................... 196
Chapter 9. Monitoring of priority pollutants in water using
Chemcatcher passive sampling devices
Richard Greenwood, Graham A. Mills, Branislav Vrana, Ian Allan,
Rocio Aguilar-Martinez and Gregory Morrison
9.1 Introduction..................................... 199
9.2 Concept of Chemcatcher............................ 199
9.2.1 Receiving phases............................ 200
9.2.2 Diffusion membranes......................... 201
9.2.3 Sampler body............................... 203
9.3 Theory......................................... 206
9.4 Calibration...................................... 207
9.5 Sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants........... 207
9.5.1 Calibration data............................. 208
9.5.2 Performance reference compound concept......... 210
9.5.3 Non-polar Chemcatcher/water distribution
coefficients................................. 211
9.5.4 Empirical uptake rate model................... 211
9.5.5 Estimation of in situ TWA concentrations......... 212
9.6 Sampling of hydrophilic organic contaminants........... 213
9.6.1 Integrative sampler.......................... 213
9.6.2 Short pollution event detector.................. 215
9.7 Sampling of metals................................ 216
9.8 Sampling of organometallic compounds................. 217
9.9 Field applications................................. 217
9.9.1 Pan-European field trials to compare the performances
of the Chemcatcher and spot sampling in monitoring the
quality of river water.......................... 217
9.9.2 Monitoring pesticide runoff in Brittany, France..... 219
xix
Contents
9.9.3 Field trial in the River Meuse in The Netherlands . . . 220
9.9.4 Field trial in the estuary of the River Ribble in the
United Kingdom............................. 222
9.10 Comparison of the performance of the Chemcatcher
with that of other sampling devices.................... 223
9.11 Future trends.................................... 226
Acknowledgments..................................... 226
References.......................................... 227
Chapter 10. Membrane-enclosed sorptive coating for the monitoring of
organic compounds in water
Albrecht Paschke, Branislav Vrana, Peter Popp, Luise Wennrich,
Heidrun Paschke and Gerrit Schiiurmann
10.1 Introduction.................................... 231
10.2 Passive uptake model for MESCO sampler............. 232
10.3 Design of the different MESCO formats............... 233
10.3.1 PDMS-coated fibre enclosed in an LDPE
membrane............................... 233
10.3.2 PDMS-coated stir bar enclosed in a dialysis
membrane bag (MESCO I)................... 233
10.3.3 Silicone material enclosed in an LDPE membrane
(MESCO II).............................. 234
10.4 Laboratory-derived sampling rates of the various MESCO
formats........................................ 235
10.5 Field application of MESCO samplers................. 237
10.5.1 A case study with MESCO I for monitoring of
persistent organic pollutants in surface water..... 237
10.5.2 Field trials with MESCO II—first results........ 246
Acknowledgments..................................... 248
References.......................................... 248
Chapter 11. In situ monitoring and dynamic speciation measurements
in solution using DGT
Kent W. Warnken, Hao Zhang and William Davison
11.1 Introduction.................................... 251
11.2 Methodology.................................... 253
11.2.1 Gel preparation........................... 253
11.2.2 Diffusive gel variants....................... 254
11.2.3 Alternative binding agents................... 254
11.3 DGT theory..................................... 256
11.3.1 DGT principles............................ 256
11.3.2 Potential sources of error when using DGT...... 257
xx
Contents
11.4 Novel applications................................ 263
11.4.1 Analytes................................. 263
11.4.2 Kinetics................................. 265
11.4.3 Speciation................................ 266
11.4.4 Bioavailability............................. 271
11.4.5 The use of DGT as a routine monitoring tool..... 273
11.4.6 Metal remobilization from settling particles...... 274
11.5 Conclusion..................................... 274
References.......................................... 275
Chapter 12. Use of ceramic dosimeters in water monitoring
Hansjorg WeiB, Kristin Schirmer, Stephanie Bopp and Peter
Grathwohl
12.1 Introduction.................................... 279
12.2 Ceramic dosimeter design.......................... 280
12.2.1 Ceramic membrane......................... 280
12.2.2 Sorbent material........................... 282
12.2.3 Determination of time-weighted average chemical
concentrations............................ 283
12.2.4 Effect of temperature....................... 285
12.3 Practical considerations............................ 285
12.3.1 Preparation of the ceramic dosimeter for field
application............................... 285
12.3.2 Sampling rates............................ 286
12.3.3 Detection limits........................... 287
12.3.4 Long-term stability......................... 289
12.4 Example of field results and future work............... 290
Acknowledgment..................................... 292
References.......................................... 292
Chapter 13. Passive diffusion samplers to monitor volatile organic
compounds in ground-water
Don A. Vroblesky
13.1 Introduction.................................... 295
13.2 Applications.................................... 299
13.2.1 VOCs in ground-water at the ground-water/surface-
water interface............................ 299
13.2.2 VOCs in ground-water in monitoring wells....... 302
13.3 Conclusions..................................... 306
Acknowledgment..................................... 307
References.......................................... 307
xxi
Contents
Chapter 14. Field study considerations in the use of passive sampling
devices in water monitoring
Per-Anders Bergqvist and Audrone Zaliauskiene
14.1 Introduction.................................... 311
14.1.1 SPMD rationale and applicability.............. 312
14.2 Field study considerations.......................... 315
14.2.1 Pre-exposure considerations.................. 315
14.2.2 SPMD storage considerations................. 322
14.2.3 Precautions/procedures during deployment and
retrieval of SPMDs......................... 323
14.3 Quality control.................................. 325
References.......................................... 327
Chapter 15. Techniques for quantitatively evaluating aquatic passive
sampling devices
B. Scott Stephens and Jochen F. Miiller
15.1 Introduction.................................... 329
15.2 Key parameters.................................. 330
15.2.1 Equilibrium partitioning..................... 330
15.2.2 Time-integrated sampling.................... 330
15.3 Laboratory methods.............................. 331
15.3.1 The concentration problem................... 331
15.3.2 Batch techniques.......................... 331
15.3.3 Flow through techniques.................... 335
15.4 In situ methods.................................. 338
15.4.1 High-volume solid-phase extraction............. 339
15.4.2 Grab sampling validation methods............. 341
References.......................................... 346
Part III: Soils and Sediments
Chapter 16. Theory and applications ofDGT measurements in soils and
sediments
William Davison, Hao Zhang and Kent W. Warnken
16.1 Introduction.................................... 353
16.2 Principles in soils and sediments..................... 354
16.3 Modelling interactions of DGT with soils and sediments . . . 357
16.4 Soils.......................................... 360
16.4.1 Practicalities for deployments in soils........... 360
xxu
Contents
16.4.2 Soil dynamics............................. 361
16.4.3 Biological mimicry......................... 363
16.5 Sediments...................................... 367
16.5.1 Practicalities for deployments in sediments....... 368
16.5.2 Analyte distributions from gel slicing........... 369
16.5.3 Direct measurements of analytes in the binding layer 371
16.5.4 Sources of localised maxima.................. 373
16.5.5 Advances in understanding of soils and sediments
using DGT............................... 374
References.......................................... 374
Chapter 17. Passive sampling devices for measuring organic compounds
in soils and sediments
Gangfeng Ouyang and Janusz Pawliszyn
17.1 Introduction.................................... 379
17.2 PETREX passive soil gas and sediment vapour sampling
system........................................ 380
17.3 GORE™ modules for passive soil gas collection......... 381
17.4 Emflux passive soil gas sampling system.............. 382
17.5 Semipermeable membrane devices for passive sampling in
sediment pore-water.............................. 383
17.6 Solid-phase microextraction devices for passive sampling in
soil and sediment................................ 384
17.7 Conclusion..................................... 388
References.......................................... 389
Part IV: Ecotoxicology and Biomonitoring
Chapter 18. Use of passive sampling devices in toxicity assessment of
groundwater
Kristin Schirmer, Stephanie Bopp and Jacqueline Gehrhardt
18.1 Introduction.................................... 393
18.2 Concepts and examples for linking passive sampling of
groundwater with toxicological analysis................ 394
18.2.1 The toximeter............................. 396
18.2.2 Toxicological analysis of solvent extracts obtained
from passive sampling devices................. 401
18.3 Potential future approaches........................ 403
Acknowledgments..................................... 404
References.......................................... 404
xxiu
Contents
Chapter 19. Monitoring of chlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons by passive sampling in concert with
deployed mussels
Foppe Smedes
19.1 Introduction.................................... 407
19.2 Monitoring..................................... 408
19.2.1 General................................. 408
19.2.2 History of musselwatch programme............ 409
19.2.3 Passive samplers........................... 409
19.2.4 Objectives................................ 412
19.3 Methods....................................... 414
19.3.1 Materials................................ 414
19.3.2 Mussels.................................. 414
19.3.3 Passive sampling.......................... 417
19.3.4 QA data................................. 419
19.3.5 Partition coefficients........................ 424
19.4 Data handling and calculation....................... 425
19.4.1 Mussels.................................. 425
19.4.2 Calculation of sampling rate.................. 426
19.4.3 Analytical precision of sampling rate........... 426
19.4.4 Artefacts in sampling rates................... 428
19.4.5 Results for Rs............................. 430
19.4.6 Passive sampling and aqueous concentrations..... 431
19.5 Results and discussion............................ 432
19.5.1 Concentrations in water and mussels........... 432
19.5.2 Equilibrium or uptake phase................. 434
19.5.3 BAF values............................... 438
19.6 Usefulness of PS in monitoring...................... 444
Glossary............................................ 446
References.......................................... 447
Subject Index........................................... 449
xxiv
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Greenwood, Richard |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | r g rg |
| author_facet | Greenwood, Richard |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV024119035 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)255546156 (DE-599)HBZHT015016649 |
| dewey-full | 628.50287 |
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| dewey-ones | 628 - Sanitary engineering |
| dewey-raw | 628.50287 |
| dewey-search | 628.50287 |
| dewey-sort | 3628.50287 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Bauingenieurwesen |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:57:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780444522252 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018335757 |
| oclc_num | 255546156 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 |
| physical | XXXII, 453 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry |
| series2 | Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry |
| spelling | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring ed. by R. Greenwood ... 1. ed. Amsterdam <<[u.a.]>> Elsevier 2007 XXXII, 453 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry 48 Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd rswk-swf Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd rswk-swf Probenahme (DE-588)4047319-3 gnd rswk-swf Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 s Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 s DE-604 Probenahme (DE-588)4047319-3 s Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 s Greenwood, Richard edt Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry 48 (DE-604)BV000900805 48 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018335757&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring Wilson & Wilson's comprehensive analytical chemistry Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd Probenahme (DE-588)4047319-3 gnd Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139716-2 (DE-588)4278451-7 (DE-588)4047319-3 (DE-588)4282985-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring |
| title_auth | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring |
| title_exact_search | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring |
| title_full | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring ed. by R. Greenwood ... |
| title_fullStr | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring ed. by R. Greenwood ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring ed. by R. Greenwood ... |
| title_short | Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring |
| title_sort | passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring |
| topic | Methodologie (DE-588)4139716-2 gnd Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd Probenahme (DE-588)4047319-3 gnd Umweltanalytik (DE-588)4282985-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Methodologie Umweltüberwachung Probenahme Umweltanalytik Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018335757&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000900805 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT greenwoodrichard passivesamplingtechniquesinenvironmentalmonitoring |