The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Kluwer Acad. Publ.
1993
|
| Series: | Fluid mechanics and its applications
17 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 565 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792321871 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers |c by Ram S. Azad |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers
Autor: Azad, Ram S.
Jahr: 1993
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvi
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ATMOSPHERIC
BOUNDARY LAYER
1.1 Preliminary 1
1.2 Definition and Significance of
the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 3
1.3 The Coriolis Force 5
1.4 Thermal Conditions in Atmosphere 8
1.4.1 Convection Effects 10
1.4.2 Virtual and Potential Temperature 12
1.5 Nature of Flow 18
1.6 Boundary Layer Structure 20
1.6.1 Mixed Layer 23
1.6.2 Residual Layer 27
1.6.3 Stable Boundary Layer 28
1.6.4 Evolution of Virtual Potential Temperature 30
1.7 Micrometeorology 31
CHAPTER 2. THERMODYNAMICS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC
BOUNDARYLAYER
2.1 Physical Variables 35
2.2 The Equation of State 36
2.2.1 Composition of the Atmosphere 38
2.2.2 Mixtures of Gases 38
PAGE
2.2.3 Virtual Temperature 41
2.3 Work done by an Expanding Gas 43
2.4 First Law of Thermodynamics 45
2.4.1 Specific Heats 46
2.4.2 Enthalpy 48
2.5 Latent Heats 50
2.6 Adiabatic Processes 50
2.6.1 Concept of an Air Parcel 52
2.6.2 The Adiabatic Lapse Rate 53
2.6.3 Potential Temperature 53
2.7 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 55
2.7.1 Gravity 55
2.7.2 Geopotential 57
2.7.3 Hydrostatic Equation 58
2.7.4 Lapse Rate 60
2.8 Moist Air in Atmosphere 61
2.8.1 Saturation Vapour Pressures 61
2.8.2 Moisture Parameter 63
2.8.3 The Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate 66
2.8.4 Equivalent Potential Temperature 68
2.9 Vertical Stability and Convection 70
2.9.1 Air Parcel Method 70
2.9.2 Adiabatic Displacement 72
PAGE
74
75
79
82
85
2.9.3 Stability Criteria Based on
Potential Temperature
2.9.4 Vertical Stretching and Convergence
2.10 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.10.1 Entropy
2.10.2 The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
2.10.3 General Statements Concerning the
Second Law of Thermodynamics
CHAPTER 3. KINEMATICS OF FLUID MOTION
3.1 Equation of Continuity 90
3.2 Acceleration Field of Moving Fluid 92
3.3 Dilatation or Expansion 95
3.4 Reynolds Transport Theorem 105
3.5 Dynamic State of Fluid Motion 108
3.6 The Stress Tensor 113
3.7 The Rate of Deformation Tensor 118
3.8 Relationship between Pik and v.^ 125
3.9 Pik = - Ñ 5ik + Pit 127
CHAPTER 4. EQUATIONS DESCRIBING TURBULENT MOTION
IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
4.1 Equations of Fluid Motion 130
4.2 Momentum Equation in Noninertial Frame 137
of Coordinate System
PAGE
4.3 The Vorticity Equation 144
4.4 The Pressure Equation 148
4.5 Heat Conduction in Fluids 152
4.5.1 The Energy Flux 152
4.5.2 The General Equation of Heat Transfer 155
4.5.3 Heat Conduction Equation 161
4.6 Conservation of Moisture 170
4.7 Turbulence 171
4.7.1 Practical Methods of Averaging and
Reynolds Conditions for Turbulent
Fields 175
4.8 Equations Governing The Mean Turbulent
Held ISO
4.8.1 Equation of Average Value of State 180
4.8.2 The Averaged Continuity Equation 181
4.8.3 Mean Momentum Equation 182
4.8.4 Conservation of Arbitrary Mean
Scalar Quantities 185
4.8.5 Mean Vorticity Equation 188
4.8.6 Mean Pressure Equation 189
4.9 Equations for Second Moments of Fluctuating
Quantities in Turbulent Field 191
4.9.1 Equations for Reynolds Stresses 191
4.9.2 Equations for Mean Square Fluctuation
for Arbitrary Scalare 201
4.9.3 Equations for the Square of Mean and
Fluctuating Vorticity 209
PAGE
4.9.4 Equation for Fluctuating Pressure 213
4.9.5 Balance of Energy in Compressible Flow 216
CHAPTER 5. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSTS AND SIMILARITY
5.1 Introduction 229
5.2 Dimensional Formulae 230
5.3 Nature of the Functional Relations Between
Physical Quantities 234
5.4 Procedure for Obtaining a Complete Set of
Dimensionless Parameters 241
5.4.1 Example: The Atmospheric
Surface Layer 245
5.4.2 The Case of Singular Dimensional
Matrix 252
5.5 Classification of Self-Similarity Solutions 255
5.5.1 Example: The Flow of Ideal
Incompressible Fluid Over a Wedge 262
5.6 Application of Similarity 265
5.6.1 Reynolds Number and Similarity
Parameters 265
5.6.2 The Boundary Layer 268
5.6.3 Similarity Parameters in
Inhomogeneous Temperature Fields
and the Thermal Boundary Layer 278
5.6.4 The Richardson Number 285
5.6.5 The Obukhov Length Scale 293
5.6.6 The Ekman Number and The Rossby
Number 294
PAGE
CHAPTER a BASICS OF USUAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY
LAYER; NEUTRALLY STRATIFIED
ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER
6.1 Introduction 297
6.2 The Reynolds Stress Tensor and Turbulent Heat
Flux Density near a Wall 298
6.3 Mean Velocity Profile in Close Proximity to a
Rigid Wall 301
6.4 Viscous Sublayer and Logarithmic Boundary
Layer in Flow Close to a Smooth Wall 304
6.5 Flow Along a Rough Wall. Roughness
Parameter and Displacement Height 317
6.6 Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate 329
6.7 Distribution of Concentration of a Passive
Admixture Close to a Wall; Mass-and
Heat-Transfer in a Turbulent Boundary
Layer 345
6.8 General Perception of Viscosity and Thermal
Diffusivity 360
6.9 Further Implications of Richardson Number 367
6.10 Use of Semiempirical Equations for the
Description of Turbulence in the Planetary
Boundary Layer of the Atmosphere 371
CHAPTER 7. THE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE LAYER
7.1 The Atmospheric Surface Layer Modelled
by Thermally Stratified Turbulent Boundary
Layer 383
7.2 Use of Dimensional Methods to Turbulence
in a Stratified Medium 393
7.3 The Structure of the Universal Functions
Characterizing Turbulence in a Stratified 399
Medium
7.4 Extended Examination of the Universal
Functions; Interpolation Formulae and
Semiempirical Formulae
7.5 General Similarity Hypothesis for a
Turbulent Stratified Boundary Layer and
its use in Turbulent Fluctuations
7.6 Comparison of the Theoretical Results with
Experimental Observations
7.6.1 Wind-Velocity Profiles in the Surface
Layer of the Atmosphere
7.6.2 Data on Temperature and Humidity
Profiles
7.7 Measurement Techniques for Turbulent
Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Water
Vapour
7.8 Acquisition of Turbulent Fluxes from Data
on Profiles of Meteorological Variables
7.9 Behaviour of Fluctuations of Wind Velocity
and Temperature in the Atmospheric
Surface Layer
XI
PAGE
415
434
449
449
472
496
507
517
REFERENCES
530
SUBJECT INDEX
554
|
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| isbn | 0792321871 |
| language | English |
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| series | Fluid mechanics and its applications |
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| spelling | Azad, Ram S. Verfasser aut The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers by Ram S. Azad Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 1993 XVI, 565 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Fluid mechanics and its applications 17 Atmosphärische Grenzschicht (DE-588)4192517-8 gnd rswk-swf Atmosphärische Grenzschicht (DE-588)4192517-8 s DE-604 Fluid mechanics and its applications 17 (DE-604)BV035417894 17 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017479082&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Azad, Ram S. The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers Fluid mechanics and its applications Atmosphärische Grenzschicht (DE-588)4192517-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4192517-8 |
| title | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers |
| title_auth | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers |
| title_exact_search | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers |
| title_full | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers by Ram S. Azad |
| title_fullStr | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers by Ram S. Azad |
| title_full_unstemmed | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers by Ram S. Azad |
| title_short | The atmospheric boundary layer for engineers |
| title_sort | the atmospheric boundary layer for engineers |
| topic | Atmosphärische Grenzschicht (DE-588)4192517-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Atmosphärische Grenzschicht |
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