Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dresden
Techn. Univ.
2004
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| Schriftenreihe: | Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Internationale Forst- und Holzwirtschaft
10 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Dresden, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2004 |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 185 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 3980534499 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Titel: Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe households, Southern Central Highlands of Et
Autor: Negussie, Achalu D.
Jahr: 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
Dedication.i
Acknowledgements.ii
Table of contents.iii
List of Tables.vii
List of Figures.ix
List of Appendices.xi
List of Maps.xi
Abbreviations.xii
Summary.xiii
Zusammenfassung.xvi
1 INTRODUCTION.1
1.1 Forest cover rates of Ethiopia.1
1.2 Problem statement.1
1.3 Research rationale.3
1.4 Objectives of the study.4
2 DECISION-MAKING STUDY APPROACHES AND THEORETICAL
SETTING.~.5
2.1 General overview.5
2.2 Decision-making study approaches and analysis.6
2.2.1 Normative or prescriptive approach.6
2.2.2 Positive or descriptive approach.6
2.2.3 Ethnographical decision tree models.7
2.2.4 Decision analysis.8
2.2.4.1 Overview.8
2.2.4.2 Hierarchical decision tree models.9
2.2.4.3 Influence diagrams and decision trees.10
2.2.4.4 Analytic hierarchy process.12
2.2.4.5 Summary.13
2.3 Agricultural decision-making.15
2.3.1 Schools agricultural decision-making study.15
2.3.2 Risk and uncertainty in agricultural decision-making.15
2.3.2.1 Conceptions.15
2.3.2.2 Sources of farm risks and uncertainties.16
2.3.2.3 Risk attitudes and perceptions.17
2.3.2.4 Aversion to risks and uncertainties.18
2.3.2.5 Fanners* responses to risks and uncertainties.19
2.3.2.6 Normative modeling of risk attitude.20
2.4 Prospect theory.21
2.5 Summary and adopted stody approach.22
iii
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.2.2.3
3.2.3
3.2.3.1
3.2.3.2
3.2.3.3
3.2.3.4
3.2.3.5
3.2.3.6
3.2.3.7
3.2.4
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3.
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.5.1
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.3
Theoretical settings.23
Theories in social research.23
Theories of farm decision-making process.23
Operationalization of the conceptual framework.27
Smallholders' decision-making study approach.29
Research questions.30
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK.31
Selection of the study area.31
Data collection phase, methods, and tools.31
General overview of field research.31
Preliminary survey.32
Archival research.32
Reconnaissance survey.32
Participatory on-farm discussion and observation.34
Household questionnaire survey.35
Objective.35
Ethnographic interview.36
Drafting of questionnaires.36
Sampling frames.37
Sampling Methods.37
Selection and training of enumerators.39
Testing and administering survey questionnaires.39
Additional data collection.40
Analytical method.41
Presentation of results.43
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC
FEATURES OF THE FARM HOUSEHOLDS.™._44
Study area.44
Geographic location.44
Climatic conditions.44
Geology, geomorphology, and soil characteristics.45
Topography and agro-ecological zones.46
Forest cover.47
Socio-economic features.48
The people, demography, and ethnic composition.48
Settlement, land use, and land coverage patterns.50
Land tenure changes and current holding sizes.52
Rural institutions.53
Infrastructure.54
Communication.54
Energy sources.54
Education.55
4.2.5.4 Health.56
4.2.5.5 Marketing centers.56
4.2.5.6 Drinking and irrigation water.56
4.3 Livestock resources.57
4.4 Stakeholders.59
4.5 Summary.61
5 DECISION-MAKING IN FARM AND OFF-FARM ACTIVITIES.62
5.1 Overview.62
5.2 Crop production.62
5.2.1 Share of cropping in the land use system.62
5.2.2 Farm calendar.64
5.2.3 Cropping patterns.65
5.2.4 Land-labor ratios.67
5.2.5 Farm inputs.69
5.3 Livestock husbandry.70
5.4 On-farm tree and shrub management.71
5.4.1 Establishment and tending operations.71
5.4.2 Plantation species.73
5.4.3 Plantation survival rates.74
5.4.4 Preferred trees/shrub species.75
5.4.5 Undesirable trees/shrub species.75
5.4.6 Uses of communal forests.76
5.5 Off-farm activities.78
5.5.1 Type of off-farm activities and labor share.78
5.5.2 Cash generating works.78
5.5.3 Fuel gathering and water fetching.79
5.5.4 Commercialization.81
5.5.5 Social and cultural performances.83
5.6 Summary.84
6 FARM FORESTRY DECISION-MAKING AND OPERATIONS.85
6.1 Decision criteria of Eucalyptus, coffee and t'chat woodlots management.85
6.1.1 State of Eucalyptus, coffee, and t'chat woodlots.85
6.1.2 Influence diagrams.87
6.1.2.1 Elicitation techniques.87
6.1.2.2 Eucalyptus woodlots for household use.88
6.1.2.3 Eucalyptus woodlots for the market.94
6.1.2.4 Coffee and fchat.98
6.2 Summary.102
6.3 Size of on-fenn eucalypt woodlots.103
6.3.1 Decision criteria of woodlot expansion.103
6.3.2 Number of eucalypt trees.107
7 HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL DECISION-MAKING
AND ALTERNATIVES.111
7.1 General overview.Ill
7.2 Sources of household incomes and expenditures.111
7.2.1 Household cash sources.112
7.2.1.1 Income from crop production.112
7.2.1.2 Income from animal husbandry.114
7.2.1.3 Revenues from on-farm tree and shrub products.115
7.2.1.4 Revenues from off-farm activities.117
7.2.1.5 Revenue from remittance and credit.118
7.2.2 Relative importance of various sources of incomes.119
7.2.3 Household expenditures.120
7.3 Comparative financial advantages of eucalypts.122
7.3.1 Hitherto findings.122
7.3.2 Eucalypt planting as a livelihood strategy.122
7.3.3 Costs of eucalypt poles and teff production.123
7.3.4 Revenues from eucalypt woodlots and teff production.126
8 REFLECTIONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.132
8.1 Reflections.132
8.1.1 Limitations.132
8.1.2 Relationships between theories and the findings.133
8.1.3 Reflections on research questions.134
8.1.4 Recapitulations on results.134
8.2 Conclusions.135
8.3 Recommendations.137
BIBLIOGRAPHY.140
PLATES .150
APPENDICES.153
LIST OF TABLES
Contents Page
Table 2.1 Scale for comparisons.12
Table 2.2 Typical sources of uncertainties of smallholder households.17
Table 3.1 Sample size by agro-ecological zones andPAsof the study area.38
Table 5.1 Land use distribution of case study households in ten PAs.64
Table 5.2 Holding size and labor force distribution per household.68
Table 5.3 Adoption rate (% of households) of various agricultural inputs by
households during the 1999/00-cropping season.69
Table 5.4 Major feed sources and means of feeding livestock.70
Table 5.5 Labor share of male-headed household members in on-farm
tree/shrub management.72
Table 5.6 Species planted by households during the 1998/99 and 1999/00 and
respective sources of seedlings.73
Table 5.7 Ranges of survival rates (%) for selected on-farm tree/shrub species
planted in 1999/00 by agro-ecological zones.74
Table 5.8 Farmers' prioritized preferences for various tree/shrub species in crop fields .75
Table 5.9 Farmers' assessments of the negative effects of various tree/shrub species.76
Table 5.10 Participation of households in off-farm cash generating activity
during the 1999/00-production year and amount of cash generated.79
Table 5.11 Share of male-headed household members in fuelwood collection and
water fetching.80
Table 5.12 Sources of fuelwood and distance of collection site.81
Table 5.13 Share of livestock selling decisions and marketing operation among
members of male-headed households.82
Table 6.1 Mean number and range of eucalypts, coffee, and t'chat per PA and
percentage of planting households.85
Table 6.2 Subjective overall assessments of parameters pertaining to goals of
eucalypt growing.88
Table 6.3 Use values of eucalypt trees as subjectively assessed by farmers in
different AEZs.91
Table 6.4 Correlation coefficients of association between number of eucalypt,
Coffee, and t'chat plants per household and selected household variables.91
Table 6.5 Household valuation of chance events in eucalypt woodlot management.93
Table 6.6 Distribution of households by commercialization patterns and size of
eucalypt woodlots among the three AEZs.94
Table 6.7 Effects of various decision criteria on various household categories.96
Table 6.8 Definition of explanatory variables in eucalypt woodlots expansion model . 103
Table 6.9 Correlation matrix of explanatory variables, Person's correlation
coefficients and Person's x2 significance level (italics).104
Table 6.10 Values of descriptive statistics for explanatory variables adopted in the on-
farm eucalypt planting model.105
Table 6.11 Results of logistic regression analysis for assessing household binary
vii
choice models in expanding eucalypt woodlots.106
Table 6.12 Relationship between total number of eucalypt trees per household and
nominal, ordinal, or dichotomous variables.108
Table 6.13 Factors constraining the number of eucalypt trees within the farm
compound: results of ordinary least-square regression analysis.109
Table 7.1 Income generated from crop production during the 1999/00-cropping season
in various agro-ecological zones.113
Table 7.2 Mean revenues generated from sales of animals during 1998/99 and 99/00. 115
Table 7.3 Revenues generated from sales of eucalypts, coffee, and t'chat during
1999/00-cropping season.116
Table 7.4 Percentage of households that generated off-farm revenues from various
sources and mean annual revenue by agro-ecological zones.117
Table 7.5 Mean value of borrowed money by various categories.118
Table 7.6 Farmers' conviction on the profitability of eucalypt woodlots as
compared to agricultural crops.123
Table 7.7 Eucalyptus woodlot (1 ha) establishment and management
costs in two PAs.124
Table 7.8 Costs of growing one hectare of teff on communal land in Gardashie PA.125
Table 7.9 Fanners' qualitative assessments of the financial costs of eucalypt
woodlots and teff growing on 0.25 ha.126
Table 7.10 Mean sizes and prices of major marketable eucalypt pole products .127
Table 7.11 Time frame, cost, and revenue distribution in the production
of 'woraj' size poles on one ha of land.128
Table 7.12 Interest compounded value (ICV) and net benefits from eucalypt poles.129
Table 7.13 ICV and net benefits of teff cultivation.130
Table 7.14 Farmers' qualitative assessments of the financial benefits of
eucalypt woodlots and teff growing on 0.25 ha.130
Table 7.15 Interest compounded value and net benefits of teff cultivation.131
LIST OF FIGURES
Contents.Page
Figure 2.1 Combination of the ethnographic research cycle and linear
hypothesis-testing plan .8
Figure 2.2 A hypothetical decision model of on-farm Eucalyptus planting for
the market.9
Figure 2.3 Simple hypothetical influence diagram.11
Figure 2.4 Simple hypothetical decision-tree representation of a decision
conditional on a chance event.11
Figure 2.5 Hierarchy of a decision problem.12
Figure 2.6 The analytical ftamework.14
Figure 2.7 Graphic illustration of various utility functions involving risk.18
Figure 2.8 Factors influencing smallholders' decision-making and well-being.25
Figure 2.9 Conceptual framework of smallholders' resource allocation decisions.26
Figure 2.10 Operational model.28
Figure 3.1 Research phases and data collection tools.33
Figure 4.1 Number of household members with respect to age categories and sex.49
Figure 4.2 Land coverage types (a) of the GZ; and (b) of the EED.50
Figure 4.3 Landholding size distribution: (a) among households of the EED;
(b) among sample households.52
Figure 4.4 Number of students enrolled in various classes in the 2000/01 academic year.55
Figure 4.5 Distribution of number of oxen among district households.57
Figure 4.6 Possession of various animal types by the households.58
Figure 4.7 Major stakeholders and their interaction patterns with farm households.60
Figure 5.1 Structural model of smallholder farm system in the Guraghe region
and interaction among components.63
Figure 5.2 Work calendar of major farm forestry activities in the survey Pas.66
Figure 5.3 Labor force share of households in selling agricultural crop products.82
Figure 5.4 Labor force share of household members in selling tree crop products.83
Figure 6.1 Relationship between landholding size and number of eucalypt trees.86
Figure 6.2 Mean total number of stems of the three perennial cash crops per household .87
Figure 6.3 Roles of eucalypt species in the livelihood strategies of the Guraghe
households.89
Figure 6.4 Model of fanners' decision to establish eucalypt woodlots for household
use.90
Figure 6.5 Model of farmers' decision to establish eucalypt woodlots for the market.97
Figure 6.6 Household evaluations on cash values of the three perennial crops.99
Figure 6.7 Influence diagram of farmers' decision to grow coffee.100
Figure 6.8 A graphical representation of » decision to plant t'chat.101
Figure 7.1 Income sources of farm household.112
Figure 7.2 Number of agricultural crops marketed per household during the
1999/00-cropping season in various ecological zones.114
Figure 7.3 Percentage of households that sold various numbers of animals during
1998/99 and 1999/00 fiscal years.114
Figure 7.4 Relative value of various income sources for households of the study PAs . 120
LIST OF APPENDICES
Contents
Appendix 1 General survey questionnaires.154
Appendix 2 Mean minimum and maximum monthly temperature in the study area.172
Appendix 3 Monthly distribution of rainfall as well as maximum and minimum
Temperatures.173
Appendix 4 The agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia.175
Appendix 5 Partial view of land use patterns of the Enemor and Ener district
(based on the digital elevation model of the district).176
Appendix 6 Household labor force- man equivalent (ME) conversion factors adopted in
the study.177
Appendix 7 Level and sources of perceived risks towards various cropping systems
in various agro-ecological zones.178
Appendix 8 Species and number of seedlings raised under forestry and agroforestry
section of the district.179
Appendix 9 Use values of major tree/shrub species grown in the study district.180
Appendix 10 Household attributes used in wealth status determination.181
Appendix 11 ROC curves of correct predictions for the logistic regression model.183
Appendix 12 Amount of revenue generated from taxation of eucalypt pole and t'chat
products by the District Bureau of Finance (DBF).184
Appendix 13 Details of assumptions and in calculating the cost and benefit of 'woraj'
Eucalypt pole production on 1 ha of marginal land.184
Map 4.1
LIST OF MAPS
Sketch map showing geographic location of the study district and sample PAs 44 |
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| series | Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Internationale Forst- und Holzwirtschaft |
| series2 | Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Internationale Forst- und Holzwirtschaft |
| spelling | Negussie, Achalu D. Verfasser aut Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia Achalu D. Negussie Dresden Techn. Univ. 2004 XVIII, 185 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Internationale Forst- und Holzwirtschaft 10 Dresden, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2004 Ländlicher Haushalt (DE-588)4034025-9 gnd rswk-swf Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 gnd rswk-swf Hochland (DE-588)4160159-2 gnd rswk-swf Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 g Hochland (DE-588)4160159-2 s Ländlicher Haushalt (DE-588)4034025-9 s Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 s DE-604 Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Internationale Forst- und Holzwirtschaft 10 (DE-604)BV011158302 10 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017224222&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Negussie, Achalu D. Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Internationale Forst- und Holzwirtschaft Ländlicher Haushalt (DE-588)4034025-9 gnd Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 gnd Hochland (DE-588)4160159-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4034025-9 (DE-588)4017966-7 (DE-588)4160159-2 (DE-588)4000639-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia |
| title_auth | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia |
| title_exact_search | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia |
| title_full | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia Achalu D. Negussie |
| title_fullStr | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia Achalu D. Negussie |
| title_full_unstemmed | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia Achalu D. Negussie |
| title_short | Farm forestry decision-making strategies of the Guraghe Households, southern-central highlands of Ethiopia |
| title_sort | farm forestry decision making strategies of the guraghe households southern central highlands of ethiopia |
| topic | Ländlicher Haushalt (DE-588)4034025-9 gnd Forstwirtschaft (DE-588)4017966-7 gnd Hochland (DE-588)4160159-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ländlicher Haushalt Forstwirtschaft Hochland Äthiopien Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017224222&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011158302 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT negussieachalud farmforestrydecisionmakingstrategiesoftheguraghehouseholdssoutherncentralhighlandsofethiopia |