International business law: text, cases, and readings
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Prentice Hall
2000
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 781 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0130143774 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW 1
A. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL LAW? 1
B. THE MAKING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2
C. SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3
TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS 3
CASE 1-1 LEGAL STATUS OF EASTERN GREENLAND 4
CUSTOM 5
CASE 1-2 THE ASYLUM CASE 7
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 8
D. THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ACTUAL PRACTICE 8
THE PRACTICE IN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS 8
THE PRACTICE IN MUNICIPAL COURTS 9
CASE 1-3 SEI FUJII V. STATE 10
E. INTERNATIONAL PERSONS 12
STATES 12
CASE 1-4 MATIMAK TRADING CO. V. KHALILY AND D.A.Y. KIDS SPORTSWEAR INC.
13
CASE 1-5 THE TRAIL SMELTER ARBITRATION 18
CASE 1-6 ARAB REPUBLIC OF SYRIA V. ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT 21
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 23
CASE 1-7 ARAB MONETARY FUND V. HASHIM AND OTHERS (NO. 3) 24
CASE 1-8 EUNOMIA DI PORRO & CO. V. ITALIAN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
30
CASE 1-9 S.A. ROQUETTE FRERES V. COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 35
F. THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 43
CASE 1-10 DE SANCHEZ V. BANCO CENTRAL DE NICARAGUA 44
G. COMPARISON OF MUNICIPAL LEGAL SYSTEMS 46
THE ROMANO-GERMANIC CIVIL LAW SYSTEM 47
CASE 1-11 RAULIN V. FISCHER 50
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN COMMON LAW SYSTEM 52
THE ISLAMIC LAW SYSTEM 53
CASE 1-12 LIBYAN AMERICAN OIL COMPANY (LIAMCO) V. GOVERNMENT OF
THE LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC 54
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 58
REVIEW PROBLEM 59
CHAPTER 2 STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 61
INTRODUCTION 61
* IV *
CONTENTS V I
A. STATE RESPONSIBILITY 62
DOCTRINE OF IMPUTABILITY 62
CASE 2-1 YOUMANS V. UNITED MEXICAN STATES 63
NONIMPUTABLE ACTS 64
CASE 2-2 HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY CASE 64
FAULT AND CAUSATION 67
CASE 2-3 THE KUMMEROW AND FULDA CASES 67
B. STANDARD OF CARE 69
THE NATIONAL STANDARD 69
CASE 2-4 CANTERO HERRERA V. CANEVARO & CO. 70
THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 72
EXPROPRIATION 72
CASE 2-5 ACSYNGO V. COMPAGNIE DE SAINT-GOBAIN (FRANCE), SA 73
CASE 2-6 CASE CONCERNING BARCELONA TRACTION, LIGHT, AND POWER COMPANY,
LTD. (SECOND PHASE) 77
DENIAL OF JUSTICE 79
CASE 2-7 CHATTIN V. UNITED MEXICAN STATES 79
C. OBJECTIONS 81
LACK OF STANDING 81
LACK OF NATIONALITY 82
LACK OF A GENUINE LINK 83
CASE 2-8 CASE CONCERNING BARCELONA TRACTION, LIGHT, AND POWER COMPANY,
LTD. (SECOND PHASE) 83
FAILURE TO EXHAUST REMEDIES 85
OTHER OBJECTIONS 86
D. RELIEF 86
CASE 2-9 RE LETELIER AND MOFFITT 86
E. INSURANCE 89
PRIVATE INSURERS 89
NATIONAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS 91
CASE 2-10 IN THE MATTER OF REVERE COPPER AND BRASS, INC. AND
OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 92
MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTY PROGRAMS 96
F. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 96
REGULATION OF POLLUTION 98
CASE 2-11 WERKGROEP NOORDZEE ET AL. V. MINISTER FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS 100
PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 104
LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 105
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 106
REVIEW PROBLEM 107
CHAPTER 3 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 109
A. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES THROUGH DIPLOMACY 109
NEGOTIATION 109
MEDIATION 110
INQUIRY 110
B. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES IN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS 111
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 111
CASE 3-1 CASE CONCERNING THE MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES IN AND
AGAINST NICARAGUA
(JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY) (DISSENTING OPINION) 115
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES 118
CASE 3-2 EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES*CUSTOMS CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN COMPUTER
EQUIPMENT 120
CASE 3-3 JAPAN*TAXES ON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 124
INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES 125
CASE 3-4 AMCO ASIA CORP. ET AL. (UNITED STATES) V. INDONESIA
(PROVISIONAL MEASURES) 131
OTHER ARBITRATION TRIBUNALS 133
* VI CONTENTS
C. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES IN MUNICIPAL COURTS 134
JURISDICTION IN CRIMINAL CASES 134
CASE 3-5 ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL V. EICHMANN 135
JURISDICTION IN CIVIL CASES 138
CASE 3-6 BUMPER DEVELOPMENT CORP., LTD. V. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE OF
THE METROPOLIS AND OTHERS (UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS, CLAIMANTS) 139
CASE 3-7 SHELL V. R. W. STURGE, LTD. 142
D. IMMUNITIES OF STATES FROM THE JURISDICTION OF MUNICIPAL COURTS 146
SOVEREIGN OR STATE IMMUNITY 146
CASE 3-8 SANDERS V. VERIDIANO II 146
ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE 152
CASE 3-9 REGINA V. BARTLE AND THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE FOR
THE METROPOLIS AND OTHERS (EX PARTE PINOCHET) 152
E. CHOOSING THE GOVERNING LAW 159
AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES 60
STATUTORY CHOICE-OF-LAW PROVISIONS 160
MOST SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP 161
CASE 3-10 BANK OF INDIA V. GOBINDRAM NARAINDAS SADHWANI AND OTHERS 162
GOVERNMENTAL INTEREST 164
CASE 3-11 REYNO V. PIPER AIRCRAFT COMPANY (TRIAL COURT DECISION) 165
F. REFUSAL TO EXERCISE JURISDICTION 168
CASE 3-12 PIPER AIRCRAFT COMPANY V. REYNO (SUPREME COURT DECISION) 168
G. PROVING FOREIGN LAW 171
H. RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 172
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 173
REVIEW PROBLEM 174
CHAPTER 4 THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE 176
INTRODUCTION 176
A. THE BUSINESS FORM 177
BUSINESS FORMS IN CIVIL LAW STATES 177
BUSINESS FORMS IN COMMON LAW STATES 181
CASE 4-1 PUERTO RICO V. RUSSELL & CO. ET AL. 184
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SEPARATE LEGAL IDENTITY OF JURIDICAL ENTITIES 189
CASE 4-2 CASE CONCERNING BARCELONA TRACTION, LIGHT AND POWER CO. (SECOND
PHASE) 190
B. THE MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION 192
THE PARENT COMPANY 192
THE SUBORDINATE STRUCTURE 197
C. INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 198
D. HOME STATE REGULATION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 199
UNFAIR COMPETITION LAWS 199
CASE 4-3 UNITED STATES V. ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA 202
CASE 4-4 AHLSTROEM OSAKEYHTIOE V. COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
205
CASE 4-5 MIDLAND BANK, PIC. ET AL.V. LAKER AIRWAYS, LTD. ET AL. 210
PRODUCTS LIABILITY LAWS 212
CASE 4-6 ASAHI METAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. V. SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA,
SOLANO COUNTY 216
CASE 4-7 DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY AND SHELL OIL COMPANY V. CASTRO ALFARO ET
AL. 221
SHARP PRACTICES 226
CASE 4-8 UNITED STATES V. BLONDEK.TULL, CASTLE, AND LOWRY 227
E. HOST STATE REGULATION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 231
CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE HOST STATE 231
COMMON ENTERPRISE LIABILITY 231
CASE 4-9 TOUCHE ROSS AND COMPANY V. BANK INTERCONTINENTAL, LIMITED 232
CONTENTS VII
PIERCING THE COMPANY VEIL 235
CASE 4-10 GARDEN CONTAMINATION CASE (NO. 2) 236
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 238
REVIEW PROBLEM 239
CHAPTER 5 FOREIGN INVESTMENT 241
A. FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAWS AND CODES 241
NATIONAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT POLICIES 243
SCREENING FOREIGN INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS 243
FORMAL AND INFORMAL APPLICATION PROCESS 245
READING 5-1 THE ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION OF SCREENING AUTHORITIES 245
APPROVAL OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS 248
CASE 5-1 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT V. SOUTHERN PACIFIC PROPERTIES, LTD. ET
AL. 248
BUSINESS FORMS 250
CASE 5 -2 RAFHAN MAIZE PRODUCTS COMPANY, LTD. V. MONOPOLY CONTROL
AUTHORITY ET AL. 251
LIMITATIONS ON FOREIGN EQUITY 254
SECTORAL LIMITATIONS 254
GEOGRAPHIC LIMITATIONS 255
CASE 5-3 BRADY V. BROWN 256
FREE ZONES 260
CASE 5-4 NISSAN MOTOR MFG. CORP., U.S.A. V. UNITED STATES 261
FOREIGN INVESTMENT GUARANTEES 265
B. SUPERVISION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT 268
START-UP STANDARDS 268
OPERATIONAL REVIEWS 268
MODIFICATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS 268
PROTECTION OF SUBSIDIARIES 268
CASE 5-5 CASE CONCERNING ELETTRONICA SICULA, SPA 272
PENALTIES FOR NONCOMPLIANCE 275
C. SECURITIES REGULATIONS 275
SECURITIES 275
TRADING IN SECURITIES 276
SECURITIES EXCHANGES 276
ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES 278
CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES 279
CASE 5-6 BATCHELDER V. KAWAMOTO 281
INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS 283
CASE 5-7 UNITED STATES V. O HAGAN 284
TAKEOVER REGULATIONS 289
D. ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITIES REGULATIONS INTERNATIONALLY 292
MEMORANDUMS OF UNDERSTANDING 292
THE CONVENTION ON INSIDER TRADING 293
EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF U.S. SECURITIES LAWS 293
CASE 5-8 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION V. KNOWLES 294
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 297
REVIEW PROBLEM 298
CHAPTER 6 MONEY AND BANKING 300
A. MONEY 300
THE VALUE OF MONEY 301
THE CHOICE OF MONEY 302
CASE 6-1 REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA ET AL. V. WELTOVER, INC. ET AL. 302
MAINTAINING MONETARY VALUE 304
* VIII CONTENTS
B. THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 306
ORIGIN OF THE IMF 306
IMF QUOTAS 307
CASE 6-2 RE LAW AUTHORIZING AN INCREASE IN THE FRENCH QUOTA TO
THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 309
ORGANIZATION OF THE IMF 311
IMF OPERATIONS 312
C. CURRENCY EXCHANGE 312
CURRENCY EXCHANGE OBLIGATIONS OF IMF MEMBER STATES 312
ENFORCEMENT OF EXCHANGE CONTROL REGULATIONS OF IMF MEMBER STATES 313
CASE 6-3 DE BOER, WIDOW MOOJEN V. DUCRO ET AL. 314
CASE 6-4 WILSON, SMITHETT & COPE, LTD. V.TERRUZI 317
ENFORCEMENT OF EXCHANGE CONTROL LAWS IN THE ABSENCE OF IMF MEMBERSHIP
320
CASE 6-5 MENENDEZ ET AL. V. SAKS AND COMPANY ET AL. 321
ENFORCEMENT OF OTHER IMF MEMBER STATE CURRENCY EXCHANGE OBLIGATIONS 323
EXEMPTIONS FOR NEW MEMBERS FROM IMF MEMBER STATE CURRENCY EXCHANGE
OBLIGATIONS 324
D. CURRENCY SUPPORT 324
IMF FACILITIES 324
IMF CONDITIONALITY 325
READING 6-1 CURRENCY CRISES: THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY 326
E. DEVELOPMENT BANKS 327
F. THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS 328
THE CENTRAL BANK S BANK 329
PROMOTER OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY COOPERATION 329
AGENT FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS 330
G. REGIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS 330
H. NATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS 332
NATIONAL MONETARY ORGANIZATIONS 332
BANK DEPOSITS 333
CASE 6-6 THE BANKER S CASE 333
READING 6-2 ISLAMIC BANKING 334
EUROCURRENCY DEPOSITS 337
THE INTERBANK DEPOSIT MARKET 337
THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 338
FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS 339
CASE 6-7 HUNT ET AL. V. ALLIANCE NORTH AMERICAN GOVERNMENT INCOME TRUST,
INC. ET AL. 340
ARBITRAGE 343
THE TRANSFER OF MONEY 343
BRANCH BANKING 343
CASE 6-8 IN RE SEALED CASE 344
CASE 6-9 VISHIPCO LINE ET AL. V. CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A. 347
CASE 6-10 LIBYAN ARAB FOREIGN BANK V. BANKERS TRUST COMPANY 350
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 351
REVIEW PROBLEM 352
CHAPTER 7 TRADE IN GOODS 354
A. HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW 354
THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM 355
THE 1947 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 356
MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 357
THE URUGUAY ROUND 358
THE FINAL ACT EMBODYING THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 361
B. THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 362
THE WTO AGREEMENT 363
CONTENTS IX
MEMBERSHIP OF THE WTO 363
STRUCTURE OF THE WTO 364
DECISION MAKING WITHIN THE WTO 366
WAIVERS 367
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 367
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 367
C. THE 1994 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 369
DIRECT EFFECT 369
CASE 7-1 FINANCE MINISTRY V. MANIFATTURA LANE MARZOTTO, SPA 370
N(INDISCRIMINATION 371
CASE 7-2 JAPAN*TAXES ON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 372
PROTECTION THROUGH TARIFFS 376
TRANSPARENCY 377
REGIONAL INTEGRATION 377
COMMODITY ARRANGEMENTS 379
ESCAPE CLAUSE 379
EXCEPTIONS 380
CASE 7-3 UNITED STATES*IMPORT PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN SHRIMP AND SHRIMP
PRODUCTS 380
EXPORT CONTROLS 385
D. MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 389
CUSTOMS VALUATION 389
CASE 7-4 ORBISPHERE CORP. V. UNITED STATES 390
PRESHIPMENT INSPECTION 393
TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 394
SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 396
CASE 7-5 AUSTRALIA*MEASURES AFFECTING IMPORTATION OF SALMON 396
TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES 401
IMPORT-LICENSING PROCEDURES 401
ANTIDUMPING 401
CASE 7-6 AUSTRALIAN PAPER LTD. V. ANTI-DUMPING AUTHORITY 403
SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 406
SAFEGUARDS 409
AGRICULTURE 410
TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 411
RULES OF ORIGIN 412
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 413
REVIEW PROBLEM 415
CHAPTER 8 SERVICES AND LABOR 417
INTRODUCTION 417
A. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES 417
THE FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT 418
CASE 8-1 EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES*REGIME FOR THE IMPORTATION,
SALE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF BANANAS 419
GATS ANNEXES 427
GATS SCHEDULES OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 427
B. REGIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES 427
EUROPEAN UNION LAW ON TRADE IN SERVICES 427
CASE 8-2 COMMISSION V. GERMANY 428
PROVISIONS GOVERNING TRADE IN SERVICES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT 431
C. THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION 432
INTERNATIONAL LABOR STANDARDS 433
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION REPORTS 434
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN ILO MEMBER STATES 435
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR
EMPLOYEES 437
* X CONTENTS
CASE 8-3 DUBERG V. UNESCO 437
D. REGIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS ON LABOR 439
EMPLOYMENT LAWS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 439
EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS OF THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND
DEVELOPMENT 441
CASE 8-4 IN RE BADGER, INC. (CASE STUDY) 443
PROTECTION OF WORKERS RIGHTS BY THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 445
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED LABOR 447
E, MOVEMENT OF WORKERS 447
CASE 8-5 STATE V. NAGAMI 448
VISAS 450
CASE 8-6 REPUBLIC V. MUSSA AND FIVE OTHERS 450
CASE 8-7 ENGLAND AND ANOTHER V. ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF ST. LUCIA 454
READING 8-1 THE SOVIET INTERNAL PASSPORT SYSTEM 456
REGULATION OF FOREIGN WORKERS 458
CASE 8-8 GEORGE V. INTERNATIONAL AIR SERVICE CO., LTD. 458
CASE 8-9 SPIESS ET AL. V. C. ITOH & CO. (AMERICA), INC. 461
APPLICATION OF HOME STATE LABOR LAWS EXTRATERRITORIALLY 463
CASE 8-10 MORELLI V. CEDEL 463
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 466
REVIEW PROBLEMS 467
CHAPTER 9 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 468
INTRODUCTION 468
A. THE CREATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 469
COPYRIGHTS 469
CASE 9-1 PERFORMING RIGHT SOCIETY, LIMITED V. HICKEY 472
CASE 9-2 SUBAFILMS, LTD. V. MGM-PATHE COMMUNICATIONS 478
PATENTS 483
CASE 9-3 MONSANTO CO. V. CORAMANDAL INDAG PRODUCTS, (P) LTD. 486
CASE 9-4 INDIA-PATENT PROTECTION FOR PHARMACEUTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS 490
TRADEMARKS 494
CASE 9-5 SENGOKU V. RMC INTERNATIONAL 497
KNOW-HOW 500
B. INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATIONS 501
WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION 501
COUNCIL FOR TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 502
C. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TREATIES 503
COMPREHENSIVE AGREEMENTS 503
ARTISTIC PROPERTY AGREEMENTS 505
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY AGREEMENTS 507
D. THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 509
E. LICENSING REGULATIONS 510
TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 512
CASE 9-6 CONSTEN AND GRUNDIG V. COMMISSION 515
EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 519
CARTELS 520
EXCLUSIVE LICENSES 521
CASE 9-7 RANSOME-KUTI V. PHONOGRAM, LTD. 521
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS 523
PRICE-FIXING 523
NONCOMPETITION CLAUSES 524
CHALLENGES TO VALIDITY 524
TYING CLAUSES 525
QUANTITY AND FIELD-OF-USE RESTRICTIONS 525
CONTENTS XI
RESTRICTIONS ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 526
QUALITY CONTROLS 527
GRANT-BACK PROVISIONS 527
RESTRICTIONS THAT APPLY AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS 528
RESTRICTIONS THAT APPLY AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF THE LICENSING AGREEMENT
529
F. COMPULSORY LICENSES 530
PATENTS 530
COPYRIGHTS 531
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 531
REVIEW PROBLEM 533
CHAPTER 10 SALES 535
A. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF
GOODS 535
B. TRANSACTIONS COVERED IN CISG 536
OPTING IN AND OUT 536
SALES DEFINED 536
GOODS DEFINED 537
MIXED SALES 538
C. CONTRACTUAL ISSUES EXCLUDED FROM THE COVERAGE OF CISG 539
ILLEGALITY AND INCOMPETENCY 539
THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS AND PERSONAL INJURIES 539
PREEMPTION 539
D. INTERPRETING CISG 542
THE CONVENTION 542
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 543
RULES OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 544
E. INTERPRETING SALES CONTRACTS 544
STATEMENTS AND CONDUCT OF THE PARTIES 544
NEGOTIATIONS 545
CASE 10-1 MCC MARBLE CERAMIC V. CERAMICA 545
PRACTICES AND USAGES 550
FORM 550
F. FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 552
THE OFFER 552
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN OFFER 553
ACCEPTANCE 554
CASE 10-2 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC. V. MAGYAR L6G
KOZLEKEDESI VALLALAT 556
ACCEPTANCE WITH MODIFICATIONS 559
CASE 10-3 FILANTO, SPA V. CHILEWICH INTERNATIONAL CORP. 560
G. GENERAL STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE 562
FUNDAMENTAL BREACH 562
AVOIDANCE 562
REQUESTS FOR SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 562
H. SELLER S OBLIGATIONS 563
PLACE FOR DELIVERY 563
TIME FOR DELIVERY 564
THE TURNING OVER OF DOCUMENTS 564
CONFORMITY OF GOODS 564
I. BUYER S OBLIGATIONS 565
PAYMENT OF THE PRICE 566
CASE 10-4 THE NATURAL GAS CASE 566
TAKING DELIVERY 569
* XII CONTENTS
J. THE PASSING OF RISK 569
AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES 569
MEANS OF DELIVERY 569
BREACH OF CONTRACT 570
K. REMEDIES 571
BUYER S REMEDIES 571
READING 10-1 THE BUYER S RIGHT TO AVOID THE CONTRACT 572
CASE 10-5 THE SHOE SELLER S CASE 573
CASE 10-6 S. V. BRAUN, INC. V. ALITALIA-LINEE AEREE ITALIANE, SPA 576
SELLER S REMEDIES 577
REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO BOTH BUYERS AND SELLERS 579
CASE 10-7 DELCHI CARRIER, SPA V. ROTOREX CORPORATION 581
L. EXCUSES FOR NONPERFORMANCE 585
FORCE MAJEURE 585
CASE 10-8 NUOVA FUCINATI, S.P.A. V.FONDMETALL INTERNATIONAL, A.B. 585
DIRTY HANDS 587
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 588
REVIEW PROBLEM 589
CHAPTER 11 TRANSPORTATION 590
A. TRADE TERMS 590
CASE 11-1 PESTANA V. KARINOL CORPORATION ET AL. 591
A NOTE ON THE INCOTERMS 592
FREE TERMS 597
FOB*FREE ON BOARD 597
CASE 11- 2 PYRENE CO., LTD. V. SCINDIA NAVIGATION CO., LTD. 599
FAS*FREE ALONGSIDE 602
CIF*COST, INSURANCE, AND FREIGHT 602
CFR*COST AND FREIGHT 602
CASE 11- 3 PHILLIPS PUERTO RICO CORE, INC. V. TRADAX PETROLEUM, LTD. 604
DES*DELIVERED EX SHIP 607
FCA*FREE CARRIER 608
EXW*EX WORKS 609
B. TRANSPORTATION 609
C. INLAND CARRIAGE 610
D. CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA 611
COMMON CARRIAGE 611
THE BILL OF LADING 611
CASE 11-4 M. GOLODETZ & CO., INC. V. CZARNIKOW-RIONDA CO., INC. (THE
GALITIA) 613
CASE 11-5 BARCLAYS BANK, LTD. V. COMMISSIONERS OF CUSTOMS AND EXCISE 617
CARRIER S DUTIES UNDER A BILL OF LADING 620
CARRIER S IMMUNITIES 621
CASE 11-6 GREAT CHINA METAL INDUSTRIES CO. LTD. V. MALAYSIAN
INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING CORP. 621
LIABILITY LIMITS 625
CASE 11-7 CROFT & SCULLY CO. V. M/V SKULPTOR VUCHETICH ET AL. 626
TIME LIMITATIONS 628
THIRD-PARTY RIGHTS (HIMALAYA CLAUSE) 628
E. CHARTERPARTIES 628
VOYAGE CHARTERPARTIES 629
TIME CHARTERPARTIES 629
CHARTERPARTIES AND BILLS OF LADING 629
F. MARITIME LIENS 630
CASE 11-8 THE CHINESE SEAMEN S FOREIGN TECHNICAL SERVICES CO. V.
SOTO GRANDE SHIPPING CORP., SA 631
CONTENTS XIII
G. MARITIME INSURANCE 633
PERILS 633
CASE 11-9 WESTERN ASSURANCE CO. OF TORONTO V. SHAW 633
AVERAGE CLAUSES 634
H. CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY AIR 635
CASE 11-10 ABNETT V. BRITISH AIRWAYS PIC. 637
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 640
REVIEW PROBLEM 641
CHAPTER 12 FINANCING 643
A. FINANCING FOREIGN TRADE 643
B. BILLS OF LADING 644
C. BILLS OF EXCHANGE 644
THE LAW GOVERNING BILLS OF EXCHANGE 644
TYPES OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE 646
D. PROMISSORY NOTES 648
E. NEGOTIABILITY OF BILLS AND NOTES 650
UNCONDITIONAL PROMISE OR ORDER TO PAY 650
DEFINITE SUM OF MONEY OR MONETARY UNIT OF ACCOUNT 651
PAYABLE ON DEMAND OR AT A DEFINITE TIME 652
SIGNED BY THE MAKER OR DRAWER 652
CASE 12-1 CONSTANTARAS V. ANAGNOSTOPOULOS 652
F. THE NEGOTIATION AND TRANSFER OF BILLS AND NOTES 654
ASSIGNMENT 654
NEGOTIATION 654
CASE 12-2 MILLER V. RACE 655
FORGED ENDORSEMENTS 658
CASE 12-3 MAIR V. BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA 658
LIMITATIONS ON THE EXCUSES THAT DRAWERS AND MAKERS CAN USE TO AVOID
PAYING OFF A BILL OR NOTE 661
LIABILITIES OF MAKERS, DRAWERS, DRAWEES, ENDORSERS, AND ACCOMMODATION
PARTIES 662
CASE 12-4 FAR EAST REALTY INVESTMENT, INC. V. COURT OF APPEALS ET AL.
663
THE ROLE OF BANKS IN COLLECTING AND PAYING NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 665
CASE 12-5 CHARLES R. ALLEN, INC. V. ISLAND COOPERATIVE SERVICES
COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 665
G. LETTERS OF CREDIT 667
GOVERNING LAW 669
APPLYING FOR A LETTER OF CREDIT 669
CASE 12-6 TRANS TRUST SPRL V. DANUBIAN TRADING CO., LTD. 672
DOCUMENTARY FORMALITIES 673
ADVISING AND CONFIRMING LETTERS OF CREDIT 675
THE OBLIGATIONS OF BANKS 675
CASE 12-7 SZTEJN V. J. HENRY SCHROEDER BANKING CORP. 678
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ACCOUNT PARTY 680
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BENEFICIARIES 680
H. FINANCING FOREIGN OPERATIONS 681
PRIVATE SOURCES OF CAPITAL 681
GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES OF CAPITAL 681
REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES 682
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 682
REVIEW PROBLEM 684
CHAPTER 13 TAXATION 686
A. PURPOSES OF TAXATION 686
CASE 13 -1 IN RE NATURAL SWEET WINES 687
* XIV CONTENTS
B. INCOME TAXES 689
C. TAXPAYERS 695
COMPANY TAXPAYERS 695
SUBORDINATE BUSINESS STRUCTURES 696
CASE 13-2 REISS AND COMPANY (NIGERIA), LTD. V. FEDERAL BOARD OF INLAND
REVENUE 702
D. BASES OF INCOME TAXATION 706
NATIONALITY PRINCIPLE 706
CASE 13 - 3 COOK V. TAIT, UNITED STATES COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND 707
RESIDENCY PRINCIPLE 708
CASE 13-4 DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES, LTD. V. HOWE 709
SOURCE PRINCIPLE 710
CASE 13-5 BANK OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA V.
GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA 715
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF TAXATION BASES 716
PERSONS IMMUNE FROM TAXATION 717
E. INCOME 717
INCOME CATEGORIES 717
COMPUTATION OF INCOME 718
INCOME TAX RATES 718
CASE 13-6 MOBIL OIL (NIGERIA), LTD. V. FEDERAL BOARD OF INLAND REVENUE
719
INTEGRATION OF COMPANY AND PERSONAL INCOME TAXES 720
OTHER TAX-GENERATING TRANSACTIONS 721
F. DOUBLE TAXATION 722
SYSTEMS FOR RELIEF FROM DOUBLE TAXATION 723
COMPARISON OF THE DOUBLE TAXATION RELIEF SYSTEMS 724
CASE 13-7 DIRECTOR GENERAL OF INLAND REVENUE V. ROTHMANS OF PALL MALL
(MALAYSIA) BHD. 724
G. TAX TREATIES 726
COVERAGE OF TAX TREATIES 727
BASIS FOR TAXATION 127
DOUBLE TAXATION PROVISIONS 728
CASE 13-8 JOHANSSON V. UNITED STATES 728
H. TAX INCENTIVES 732
TAX SPARING 733
THE INTERACTION OF TAX SYSTEMS 733
I. TAX AVOIDANCE AND EVASION 734
TAX AVOIDANCE 734
CASE 13-9 BARCLAYS BANK, PLC V. FRANCHISE TAX BOARD OF CALIFORNIA 739
TAX EVASION 747
CASE 13-10 KALO V. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE 748
J. OTHER FORMS OF TAXATION 752
TURNOVER TAXES 752
MISCELLANEOUS TAXES 760
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 760
REVIEW PROBLEM 761
CASE INDEX 763
STATUTORY INDEX 767
TOPICAL INDEX 775
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CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW 1
A. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL LAW? 1
B. THE MAKING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2
C. SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3
TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS 3
CASE 1-1 LEGAL STATUS OF EASTERN GREENLAND 4
CUSTOM 5
CASE 1-2 THE ASYLUM CASE 7
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 8
D. THE SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ACTUAL PRACTICE 8
THE PRACTICE IN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS 8
THE PRACTICE IN MUNICIPAL COURTS 9
CASE 1-3 SEI FUJII V. STATE 10
E. INTERNATIONAL PERSONS 12
STATES 12
CASE 1-4 MATIMAK TRADING CO. V. KHALILY AND D.A.Y. KIDS SPORTSWEAR INC.
13
CASE 1-5 THE TRAIL SMELTER ARBITRATION 18
CASE 1-6 ARAB REPUBLIC OF SYRIA V. ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT 21
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 23
CASE 1-7 ARAB MONETARY FUND V. HASHIM AND OTHERS (NO. 3) 24
CASE 1-8 EUNOMIA DI PORRO & CO. V. ITALIAN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
30
CASE 1-9 S.A. ROQUETTE FRERES V. COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 35
F. THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 43
CASE 1-10 DE SANCHEZ V. BANCO CENTRAL DE NICARAGUA 44
G. COMPARISON OF MUNICIPAL LEGAL SYSTEMS 46
THE ROMANO-GERMANIC CIVIL LAW SYSTEM 47
CASE 1-11 RAULIN V. FISCHER 50
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN COMMON LAW SYSTEM 52
THE ISLAMIC LAW SYSTEM 53
CASE 1-12 LIBYAN AMERICAN OIL COMPANY (LIAMCO) V. GOVERNMENT OF
THE LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC 54
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 58
REVIEW PROBLEM 59
CHAPTER 2 STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 61
INTRODUCTION 61
* IV *
CONTENTS V I
A. STATE RESPONSIBILITY 62
DOCTRINE OF IMPUTABILITY 62
CASE 2-1 YOUMANS V. UNITED MEXICAN STATES 63
NONIMPUTABLE ACTS 64
CASE 2-2 HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY CASE 64
FAULT AND CAUSATION 67
CASE 2-3 THE KUMMEROW AND FULDA CASES 67
B. STANDARD OF CARE 69
THE NATIONAL STANDARD 69
CASE 2-4 CANTERO HERRERA V. CANEVARO & CO. 70
THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 72
EXPROPRIATION 72
CASE 2-5 ACSYNGO V. COMPAGNIE DE SAINT-GOBAIN (FRANCE), SA 73
CASE 2-6 CASE CONCERNING BARCELONA TRACTION, LIGHT, AND POWER COMPANY,
LTD. (SECOND PHASE) 77
DENIAL OF JUSTICE 79
CASE 2-7 CHATTIN V. UNITED MEXICAN STATES 79
C. OBJECTIONS 81
LACK OF STANDING 81
LACK OF NATIONALITY 82
LACK OF A GENUINE LINK 83
CASE 2-8 CASE CONCERNING BARCELONA TRACTION, LIGHT, AND POWER COMPANY,
LTD. (SECOND PHASE) 83
FAILURE TO EXHAUST REMEDIES 85
OTHER OBJECTIONS 86
D. RELIEF 86
CASE 2-9 RE LETELIER AND MOFFITT 86
E. INSURANCE 89
PRIVATE INSURERS 89
NATIONAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS 91
CASE 2-10 IN THE MATTER OF REVERE COPPER AND BRASS, INC. AND
OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 92
MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTY PROGRAMS 96
F. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 96
REGULATION OF POLLUTION 98
CASE 2-11 WERKGROEP NOORDZEE ET AL. V. MINISTER FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS 100
PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 104
LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE 105
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 106
REVIEW PROBLEM 107
CHAPTER 3 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 109
A. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES THROUGH DIPLOMACY 109
NEGOTIATION 109
MEDIATION 110
INQUIRY 110
B. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES IN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS 111
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 111
CASE 3-1 CASE CONCERNING THE MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES IN AND
AGAINST NICARAGUA
(JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY) (DISSENTING OPINION) 115
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES 118
CASE 3-2 EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES*CUSTOMS CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN COMPUTER
EQUIPMENT 120
CASE 3-3 JAPAN*TAXES ON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 124
INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES 125
CASE 3-4 AMCO ASIA CORP. ET AL. (UNITED STATES) V. INDONESIA
(PROVISIONAL MEASURES) 131
OTHER ARBITRATION TRIBUNALS 133
* VI CONTENTS
C. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES IN MUNICIPAL COURTS 134
JURISDICTION IN CRIMINAL CASES 134
CASE 3-5 ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL V. EICHMANN 135
JURISDICTION IN CIVIL CASES 138
CASE 3-6 BUMPER DEVELOPMENT CORP., LTD. V. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE OF
THE METROPOLIS AND OTHERS (UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS, CLAIMANTS) 139
CASE 3-7 SHELL V. R. W. STURGE, LTD. 142
D. IMMUNITIES OF STATES FROM THE JURISDICTION OF MUNICIPAL COURTS 146
SOVEREIGN OR STATE IMMUNITY 146
CASE 3-8 SANDERS V. VERIDIANO II 146
ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE 152
CASE 3-9 REGINA V. BARTLE AND THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE FOR
THE METROPOLIS AND OTHERS (EX PARTE PINOCHET) 152
E. CHOOSING THE GOVERNING LAW 159
AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES 60
STATUTORY CHOICE-OF-LAW PROVISIONS 160
MOST SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP 161
CASE 3-10 BANK OF INDIA V. GOBINDRAM NARAINDAS SADHWANI AND OTHERS 162
GOVERNMENTAL INTEREST 164
CASE 3-11 REYNO V. PIPER AIRCRAFT COMPANY (TRIAL COURT DECISION) 165
F. REFUSAL TO EXERCISE JURISDICTION 168
CASE 3-12 PIPER AIRCRAFT COMPANY V. REYNO (SUPREME COURT DECISION) 168
G. PROVING FOREIGN LAW 171
H. RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS 172
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 173
REVIEW PROBLEM 174
CHAPTER 4 THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE 176
INTRODUCTION 176
A. THE BUSINESS FORM 177
BUSINESS FORMS IN CIVIL LAW STATES 177
BUSINESS FORMS IN COMMON LAW STATES 181
CASE 4-1 PUERTO RICO V. RUSSELL & CO. ET AL. 184
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SEPARATE LEGAL IDENTITY OF JURIDICAL ENTITIES 189
CASE 4-2 CASE CONCERNING BARCELONA TRACTION, LIGHT AND POWER CO. (SECOND
PHASE) 190
B. THE MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION 192
THE PARENT COMPANY 192
THE SUBORDINATE STRUCTURE 197
C. INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 198
D. HOME STATE REGULATION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 199
UNFAIR COMPETITION LAWS 199
CASE 4-3 UNITED STATES V. ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA 202
CASE 4-4 AHLSTROEM OSAKEYHTIOE V. COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
205
CASE 4-5 MIDLAND BANK, PIC. ET AL.V. LAKER AIRWAYS, LTD. ET AL. 210
PRODUCTS LIABILITY LAWS 212
CASE 4-6 ASAHI METAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. V. SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA,
SOLANO COUNTY 216
CASE 4-7 DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY AND SHELL OIL COMPANY V. CASTRO ALFARO ET
AL. 221
SHARP PRACTICES 226
CASE 4-8 UNITED STATES V. BLONDEK.TULL, CASTLE, AND LOWRY 227
E. HOST STATE REGULATION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES 231
CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE HOST STATE 231
COMMON ENTERPRISE LIABILITY 231
CASE 4-9 TOUCHE ROSS AND COMPANY V. BANK INTERCONTINENTAL, LIMITED 232
CONTENTS VII
PIERCING THE COMPANY VEIL 235
CASE 4-10 GARDEN CONTAMINATION CASE (NO. 2) 236
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 238
REVIEW PROBLEM 239
CHAPTER 5 FOREIGN INVESTMENT 241
A. FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAWS AND CODES 241
NATIONAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT POLICIES 243
SCREENING FOREIGN INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS 243
FORMAL AND INFORMAL APPLICATION PROCESS 245
READING 5-1 THE ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION OF SCREENING AUTHORITIES 245
APPROVAL OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS 248
CASE 5-1 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT V. SOUTHERN PACIFIC PROPERTIES, LTD. ET
AL. 248
BUSINESS FORMS 250
CASE 5 -2 RAFHAN MAIZE PRODUCTS COMPANY, LTD. V. MONOPOLY CONTROL
AUTHORITY ET AL. 251
LIMITATIONS ON FOREIGN EQUITY 254
SECTORAL LIMITATIONS 254
GEOGRAPHIC LIMITATIONS 255
CASE 5-3 BRADY V. BROWN 256
FREE ZONES 260
CASE 5-4 NISSAN MOTOR MFG. CORP., U.S.A. V. UNITED STATES 261
FOREIGN INVESTMENT GUARANTEES 265
B. SUPERVISION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT 268
START-UP STANDARDS 268
OPERATIONAL REVIEWS 268
MODIFICATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS 268
PROTECTION OF SUBSIDIARIES 268
CASE 5-5 CASE CONCERNING ELETTRONICA SICULA, SPA 272
PENALTIES FOR NONCOMPLIANCE 275
C. SECURITIES REGULATIONS 275
SECURITIES 275
TRADING IN SECURITIES 276
SECURITIES EXCHANGES 276
ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES 278
CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES 279
CASE 5-6 BATCHELDER V. KAWAMOTO 281
INSIDER TRADING REGULATIONS 283
CASE 5-7 UNITED STATES V. O'HAGAN 284
TAKEOVER REGULATIONS 289
D. ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITIES REGULATIONS INTERNATIONALLY 292
MEMORANDUMS OF UNDERSTANDING 292
THE CONVENTION ON INSIDER TRADING 293
EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF U.S. SECURITIES LAWS 293
CASE 5-8 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION V. KNOWLES 294
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 297
REVIEW PROBLEM 298
CHAPTER 6 MONEY AND BANKING 300
A. MONEY 300
THE VALUE OF MONEY 301
THE CHOICE OF MONEY 302
CASE 6-1 REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA ET AL. V. WELTOVER, INC. ET AL. 302
MAINTAINING MONETARY VALUE 304
* VIII CONTENTS
B. THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 306
ORIGIN OF THE IMF 306
IMF QUOTAS 307
CASE 6-2 RE LAW AUTHORIZING AN INCREASE IN THE FRENCH QUOTA TO
THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 309
ORGANIZATION OF THE IMF 311
IMF OPERATIONS 312
C. CURRENCY EXCHANGE 312
CURRENCY EXCHANGE OBLIGATIONS OF IMF MEMBER STATES 312
ENFORCEMENT OF EXCHANGE CONTROL REGULATIONS OF IMF MEMBER STATES 313
CASE 6-3 DE BOER, WIDOW MOOJEN V. DUCRO ET AL. 314
CASE 6-4 WILSON, SMITHETT & COPE, LTD. V.TERRUZI 317
ENFORCEMENT OF EXCHANGE CONTROL LAWS IN THE ABSENCE OF IMF MEMBERSHIP
320
CASE 6-5 MENENDEZ ET AL. V. SAKS AND COMPANY ET AL. 321
ENFORCEMENT OF OTHER IMF MEMBER STATE CURRENCY EXCHANGE OBLIGATIONS 323
EXEMPTIONS FOR NEW MEMBERS FROM IMF MEMBER STATE CURRENCY EXCHANGE
OBLIGATIONS 324
D. CURRENCY SUPPORT 324
IMF FACILITIES 324
IMF "CONDITIONALITY" 325
READING 6-1 CURRENCY CRISES: THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY 326
E. DEVELOPMENT BANKS 327
F. THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS 328
THE CENTRAL BANK'S BANK 329
PROMOTER OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY COOPERATION 329
AGENT FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS 330
G. REGIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS 330
H. NATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS 332
NATIONAL MONETARY ORGANIZATIONS 332
BANK DEPOSITS 333
CASE 6-6 THE BANKER'S CASE 333
READING 6-2 ISLAMIC BANKING 334
EUROCURRENCY DEPOSITS 337
THE INTERBANK DEPOSIT MARKET 337
THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 338
FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS 339
CASE 6-7 HUNT ET AL. V. ALLIANCE NORTH AMERICAN GOVERNMENT INCOME TRUST,
INC. ET AL. 340
ARBITRAGE 343
THE TRANSFER OF MONEY 343
BRANCH BANKING 343
CASE 6-8 IN RE SEALED CASE 344
CASE 6-9 VISHIPCO LINE ET AL. V. CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A. 347
CASE 6-10 LIBYAN ARAB FOREIGN BANK V. BANKERS TRUST COMPANY 350
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 351
REVIEW PROBLEM 352
CHAPTER 7 TRADE IN GOODS 354
A. HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW 354
THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM 355
THE 1947 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 356
MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 357
THE URUGUAY ROUND 358
THE FINAL ACT EMBODYING THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 361
B. THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION 362
THE WTO AGREEMENT 363
CONTENTS IX
MEMBERSHIP OF THE WTO 363
STRUCTURE OF THE WTO 364
DECISION MAKING WITHIN THE WTO 366
WAIVERS 367
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 367
TRADE POLICY REVIEW 367
C. THE 1994 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 369
DIRECT EFFECT 369
CASE 7-1 FINANCE MINISTRY V. MANIFATTURA LANE MARZOTTO, SPA 370
N(INDISCRIMINATION 371
CASE 7-2 JAPAN*TAXES ON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 372
PROTECTION THROUGH TARIFFS 376
TRANSPARENCY 377
REGIONAL INTEGRATION 377
COMMODITY ARRANGEMENTS 379
ESCAPE CLAUSE 379
EXCEPTIONS 380
CASE 7-3 UNITED STATES*IMPORT PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN SHRIMP AND SHRIMP
PRODUCTS 380
EXPORT CONTROLS 385
D. MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 389
CUSTOMS VALUATION 389
CASE 7-4 ORBISPHERE CORP. V. UNITED STATES 390
PRESHIPMENT INSPECTION 393
TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE 394
SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 396
CASE 7-5 AUSTRALIA*MEASURES AFFECTING IMPORTATION OF SALMON 396
TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES 401
IMPORT-LICENSING PROCEDURES 401
ANTIDUMPING 401
CASE 7-6 AUSTRALIAN PAPER LTD. V. ANTI-DUMPING AUTHORITY 403
SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 406
SAFEGUARDS 409
AGRICULTURE 410
TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 411
RULES OF ORIGIN 412
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 413
REVIEW PROBLEM 415
CHAPTER 8 SERVICES AND LABOR 417
INTRODUCTION 417
A. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES 417
THE FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT 418
CASE 8-1 EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES*REGIME FOR THE IMPORTATION,
SALE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF BANANAS 419
GATS ANNEXES 427
GATS SCHEDULES OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 427
B. REGIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS ON TRADE IN SERVICES 427
EUROPEAN UNION LAW ON TRADE IN SERVICES 427
CASE 8-2 COMMISSION V. GERMANY 428
PROVISIONS GOVERNING TRADE IN SERVICES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT 431
C. THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION 432
INTERNATIONAL LABOR STANDARDS 433
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION REPORTS 434
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN ILO MEMBER STATES 435
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR
EMPLOYEES 437
* X CONTENTS
CASE 8-3 DUBERG V. UNESCO 437
D. REGIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS ON LABOR 439
EMPLOYMENT LAWS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 439
EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS OF THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND
DEVELOPMENT 441
CASE 8-4 IN RE BADGER, INC. (CASE STUDY) 443
PROTECTION OF WORKERS' RIGHTS BY THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 445
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED LABOR 447
E, MOVEMENT OF WORKERS 447
CASE 8-5 STATE V. NAGAMI 448
VISAS 450
CASE 8-6 REPUBLIC V. MUSSA AND FIVE OTHERS 450
CASE 8-7 ENGLAND AND ANOTHER V. ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF ST. LUCIA 454
READING 8-1 THE SOVIET INTERNAL PASSPORT SYSTEM 456
REGULATION OF FOREIGN WORKERS 458
CASE 8-8 GEORGE V. INTERNATIONAL AIR SERVICE CO., LTD. 458
CASE 8-9 SPIESS ET AL. V. C. ITOH & CO. (AMERICA), INC. 461
APPLICATION OF HOME STATE LABOR LAWS EXTRATERRITORIALLY 463
CASE 8-10 MORELLI V. CEDEL 463
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 466
REVIEW PROBLEMS 467
CHAPTER 9 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 468
INTRODUCTION 468
A. THE CREATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 469
COPYRIGHTS 469
CASE 9-1 PERFORMING RIGHT SOCIETY, LIMITED V. HICKEY 472
CASE 9-2 SUBAFILMS, LTD. V. MGM-PATHE COMMUNICATIONS 478
PATENTS 483
CASE 9-3 MONSANTO CO. V. CORAMANDAL INDAG PRODUCTS, (P) LTD. 486
CASE 9-4 INDIA-PATENT PROTECTION FOR PHARMACEUTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS 490
TRADEMARKS 494
CASE 9-5 SENGOKU V. RMC INTERNATIONAL 497
KNOW-HOW 500
B. INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATIONS 501
WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION 501
COUNCIL FOR TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 502
C. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TREATIES 503
COMPREHENSIVE AGREEMENTS 503
ARTISTIC PROPERTY AGREEMENTS 505
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY AGREEMENTS 507
D. THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 509
E. LICENSING REGULATIONS 510
TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 512
CASE 9-6 CONSTEN AND GRUNDIG V. COMMISSION 515
EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 519
CARTELS 520
EXCLUSIVE LICENSES 521
CASE 9-7 RANSOME-KUTI V. PHONOGRAM, LTD. 521
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS 523
PRICE-FIXING 523
NONCOMPETITION CLAUSES 524
CHALLENGES TO VALIDITY 524
TYING CLAUSES 525
QUANTITY AND FIELD-OF-USE RESTRICTIONS 525
CONTENTS XI
RESTRICTIONS ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 526
QUALITY CONTROLS 527
GRANT-BACK PROVISIONS 527
RESTRICTIONS THAT APPLY AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS 528
RESTRICTIONS THAT APPLY AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF THE LICENSING AGREEMENT
529
F. COMPULSORY LICENSES 530
PATENTS 530
COPYRIGHTS 531
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 531
REVIEW PROBLEM 533
CHAPTER 10 SALES 535
A. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF
GOODS 535
B. TRANSACTIONS COVERED IN CISG 536
OPTING IN AND OUT 536
SALES DEFINED 536
GOODS DEFINED 537
MIXED SALES 538
C. CONTRACTUAL ISSUES EXCLUDED FROM THE COVERAGE OF CISG 539
ILLEGALITY AND INCOMPETENCY 539
THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS AND PERSONAL INJURIES 539
PREEMPTION 539
D. INTERPRETING CISG 542
THE CONVENTION 542
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 543
RULES OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 544
E. INTERPRETING SALES CONTRACTS 544
STATEMENTS AND CONDUCT OF THE PARTIES 544
NEGOTIATIONS 545
CASE 10-1 MCC MARBLE CERAMIC V. CERAMICA 545
PRACTICES AND USAGES 550
FORM 550
F. FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 552
THE OFFER 552
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN OFFER 553
ACCEPTANCE 554
CASE 10-2 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC. V. MAGYAR L6G\
KOZLEKEDESI VALLALAT 556
ACCEPTANCE WITH MODIFICATIONS 559
CASE 10-3 FILANTO, SPA V. CHILEWICH INTERNATIONAL CORP. 560
G. GENERAL STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE 562
FUNDAMENTAL BREACH 562
AVOIDANCE 562
REQUESTS FOR SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 562
H. SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS 563
PLACE FOR DELIVERY 563
TIME FOR DELIVERY 564
THE TURNING OVER OF DOCUMENTS 564
CONFORMITY OF GOODS 564
I. BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS 565
PAYMENT OF THE PRICE 566
CASE 10-4 THE NATURAL GAS CASE 566
TAKING DELIVERY 569
* XII CONTENTS
J. THE PASSING OF RISK 569
AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES 569
MEANS OF DELIVERY 569
BREACH OF CONTRACT 570
K. REMEDIES 571
BUYER'S REMEDIES 571
READING 10-1 THE BUYER'S RIGHT TO AVOID THE CONTRACT 572
CASE 10-5 THE SHOE SELLER'S CASE 573
CASE 10-6 S. V. BRAUN, INC. V. ALITALIA-LINEE AEREE ITALIANE, SPA 576
SELLER'S REMEDIES 577
REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO BOTH BUYERS AND SELLERS 579
CASE 10-7 DELCHI CARRIER, SPA V. ROTOREX CORPORATION 581
L. EXCUSES FOR NONPERFORMANCE 585
FORCE MAJEURE 585
CASE 10-8 NUOVA FUCINATI, S.P.A. V.FONDMETALL INTERNATIONAL, A.B. 585
DIRTY HANDS 587
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 588
REVIEW PROBLEM 589
CHAPTER 11 TRANSPORTATION 590
A. TRADE TERMS 590
CASE 11-1 PESTANA V. KARINOL CORPORATION ET AL. 591
A NOTE ON THE INCOTERMS 592
"FREE" TERMS 597
FOB*FREE ON BOARD 597
CASE 11- 2 PYRENE CO., LTD. V. SCINDIA NAVIGATION CO., LTD. 599
FAS*FREE ALONGSIDE 602
CIF*COST, INSURANCE, AND FREIGHT 602
CFR*COST AND FREIGHT 602
CASE 11- 3 PHILLIPS PUERTO RICO CORE, INC. V. TRADAX PETROLEUM, LTD. 604
DES*DELIVERED EX SHIP 607
FCA*FREE CARRIER 608
EXW*EX WORKS 609
B. TRANSPORTATION 609
C. INLAND CARRIAGE 610
D. CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA 611
COMMON CARRIAGE 611
THE BILL OF LADING 611
CASE 11-4 M. GOLODETZ & CO., INC. V. CZARNIKOW-RIONDA CO., INC. (THE
GALITIA) 613
CASE 11-5 BARCLAYS BANK, LTD. V. COMMISSIONERS OF CUSTOMS AND EXCISE 617
CARRIER'S DUTIES UNDER A BILL OF LADING 620
CARRIER'S IMMUNITIES 621
CASE 11-6 GREAT CHINA METAL INDUSTRIES CO. LTD. V. MALAYSIAN
INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING CORP. 621
LIABILITY LIMITS 625
CASE 11-7 CROFT & SCULLY CO. V. M/V SKULPTOR VUCHETICH ET AL. 626
TIME LIMITATIONS 628
THIRD-PARTY RIGHTS (HIMALAYA CLAUSE) 628
E. CHARTERPARTIES 628
VOYAGE CHARTERPARTIES 629
TIME CHARTERPARTIES 629
CHARTERPARTIES AND BILLS OF LADING 629
F. MARITIME LIENS 630
CASE 11-8 THE CHINESE SEAMEN'S FOREIGN TECHNICAL SERVICES CO. V.
SOTO GRANDE SHIPPING CORP., SA 631
CONTENTS XIII
G. MARITIME INSURANCE 633
PERILS 633
CASE 11-9 WESTERN ASSURANCE CO. OF TORONTO V. SHAW 633
AVERAGE CLAUSES 634
H. CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY AIR 635
CASE 11-10 ABNETT V. BRITISH AIRWAYS PIC. 637
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 640
REVIEW PROBLEM 641
CHAPTER 12 FINANCING 643
A. FINANCING FOREIGN TRADE 643
B. BILLS OF LADING 644
C. BILLS OF EXCHANGE 644
THE LAW GOVERNING BILLS OF EXCHANGE 644
TYPES OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE 646
D. PROMISSORY NOTES 648
E. NEGOTIABILITY OF BILLS AND NOTES 650
UNCONDITIONAL PROMISE OR ORDER TO PAY 650
DEFINITE SUM OF MONEY OR MONETARY UNIT OF ACCOUNT 651
PAYABLE ON DEMAND OR AT A DEFINITE TIME 652
SIGNED BY THE MAKER OR DRAWER 652
CASE 12-1 CONSTANTARAS V. ANAGNOSTOPOULOS 652
F. THE NEGOTIATION AND TRANSFER OF BILLS AND NOTES 654
ASSIGNMENT 654
NEGOTIATION 654
CASE 12-2 MILLER V. RACE 655
FORGED ENDORSEMENTS 658
CASE 12-3 MAIR V. BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA 658
LIMITATIONS ON THE EXCUSES THAT DRAWERS AND MAKERS CAN USE TO AVOID
PAYING OFF A BILL OR NOTE 661
LIABILITIES OF MAKERS, DRAWERS, DRAWEES, ENDORSERS, AND ACCOMMODATION
PARTIES 662
CASE 12-4 FAR EAST REALTY INVESTMENT, INC. V. COURT OF APPEALS ET AL.
663
THE ROLE OF BANKS IN COLLECTING AND PAYING NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 665
CASE 12-5 CHARLES R. ALLEN, INC. V. ISLAND COOPERATIVE SERVICES
COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 665
G. LETTERS OF CREDIT 667
GOVERNING LAW 669
APPLYING FOR A LETTER OF CREDIT 669
CASE 12-6 TRANS TRUST SPRL V. DANUBIAN TRADING CO., LTD. 672
DOCUMENTARY FORMALITIES 673
ADVISING AND CONFIRMING LETTERS OF CREDIT 675
THE OBLIGATIONS OF BANKS 675
CASE 12-7 SZTEJN V. J. HENRY SCHROEDER BANKING CORP. 678
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ACCOUNT PARTY 680
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BENEFICIARIES 680
H. FINANCING FOREIGN OPERATIONS 681
PRIVATE SOURCES OF CAPITAL 681
GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES OF CAPITAL 681
REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES 682
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 682
REVIEW PROBLEM 684
CHAPTER 13 TAXATION 686
A. PURPOSES OF TAXATION 686
CASE 13 -1 IN RE NATURAL SWEET WINES 687
* XIV CONTENTS
B. INCOME TAXES 689
C. TAXPAYERS 695
COMPANY TAXPAYERS 695
SUBORDINATE BUSINESS STRUCTURES 696
CASE 13-2 REISS AND COMPANY (NIGERIA), LTD. V. FEDERAL BOARD OF INLAND
REVENUE 702
D. BASES OF INCOME TAXATION 706
NATIONALITY PRINCIPLE 706
CASE 13 - 3 COOK V. TAIT, UNITED STATES COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND 707
RESIDENCY PRINCIPLE 708
CASE 13-4 DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES, LTD. V. HOWE 709
SOURCE PRINCIPLE 710
CASE 13-5 BANK OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA V.
GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA 715
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF TAXATION BASES 716
PERSONS IMMUNE FROM TAXATION 717
E. INCOME 717
INCOME CATEGORIES 717
COMPUTATION OF INCOME 718
INCOME TAX RATES 718
CASE 13-6 MOBIL OIL (NIGERIA), LTD. V. FEDERAL BOARD OF INLAND REVENUE
719
INTEGRATION OF COMPANY AND PERSONAL INCOME TAXES 720
OTHER TAX-GENERATING TRANSACTIONS 721
F. DOUBLE TAXATION 722
SYSTEMS FOR RELIEF FROM DOUBLE TAXATION 723
COMPARISON OF THE DOUBLE TAXATION RELIEF SYSTEMS 724
CASE 13-7 DIRECTOR GENERAL OF INLAND REVENUE V. ROTHMANS OF PALL MALL
(MALAYSIA) BHD. 724
G. TAX TREATIES 726
COVERAGE OF TAX TREATIES 727
BASIS FOR TAXATION 127
DOUBLE TAXATION PROVISIONS 728
CASE 13-8 JOHANSSON V. UNITED STATES 728
H. TAX INCENTIVES 732
TAX SPARING 733
THE INTERACTION OF TAX SYSTEMS 733
I. TAX AVOIDANCE AND EVASION 734
TAX AVOIDANCE 734
CASE 13-9 BARCLAYS BANK, PLC V. FRANCHISE TAX BOARD OF CALIFORNIA 739
TAX EVASION 747
CASE 13-10 KALO V. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE 748
J. OTHER FORMS OF TAXATION 752
TURNOVER TAXES 752
MISCELLANEOUS TAXES 760
CHAPTER QUESTIONS 760
REVIEW PROBLEM 761
CASE INDEX 763
STATUTORY INDEX 767
TOPICAL INDEX 775 |
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| callnumber-raw | K1005.3.A94 2000 |
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| dewey-full | 341.7/5321 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 341 - Law of nations |
| dewey-raw | 341.7/53 21 |
| dewey-search | 341.7/53 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3341.7 253 221 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023639008 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:43:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:25:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0130143774 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | August, Ray Verfasser aut International business law text, cases, and readings Ray August 3. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall 2000 XVIII, 781 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Multinationales Unternehmen Recht Commercial law International business enterprises -- Law and legislation Foreign trade regulation Internationales Handelsrecht (DE-588)4027429-9 gnd rswk-swf Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 s Internationales Handelsrecht (DE-588)4027429-9 s DE-604 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016935846&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | August, Ray International business law text, cases, and readings Multinationales Unternehmen Recht Commercial law International business enterprises -- Law and legislation Foreign trade regulation Internationales Handelsrecht (DE-588)4027429-9 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027429-9 (DE-588)4075092-9 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | International business law text, cases, and readings |
| title_auth | International business law text, cases, and readings |
| title_exact_search | International business law text, cases, and readings |
| title_exact_search_txtP | International business law text, cases, and readings |
| title_full | International business law text, cases, and readings Ray August |
| title_fullStr | International business law text, cases, and readings Ray August |
| title_full_unstemmed | International business law text, cases, and readings Ray August |
| title_short | International business law |
| title_sort | international business law text cases and readings |
| title_sub | text, cases, and readings |
| topic | Multinationales Unternehmen Recht Commercial law International business enterprises -- Law and legislation Foreign trade regulation Internationales Handelsrecht (DE-588)4027429-9 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Multinationales Unternehmen Recht Commercial law International business enterprises -- Law and legislation Foreign trade regulation Internationales Handelsrecht USA |
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