Understanding the finance of welfare: what welfare costs and how to pay for it
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Bristol
Policy Press
2003
|
| Series: | Understanding welfare
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 235 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1861344058 |
Staff View
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| 490 | 0 | |a Understanding welfare | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Detailed contents vi
List of tables, figures and boxes xi
Foreword by Saul Becker xiii
Acknowledgements xvi
one Meeting basic human needs 1
two Market failure and government failure 15
three How to pay for social programmes? 35
The tax constraint
four Financing healthcare 55
five Financing social care 79
six Financing education 103
seven Financing income security 129
eight Financing housing 159
nine Rationing scarce resources: managing rising 177
expectations
ten Do public services have a future? 197
References 209
Index 225
Detailed contents
one Meeting basic human needs 1
Summary 1
Basic human need 2
Someone has to pay 5
Need and the life cycle 6
The distinction between finance and provision 6
The social division of welfare 9
Choice and agency 11
Overview 14
Questions for discussion 14
Further reading 14
two Market failure and government failure 15
i
Summary 15
Why markets work-sometimes 16
Market failure 18
Public goods 18
Externalities 19
Income externalities and giving 20
Information failure 22
Government failure 25
You can t please everyone all of the time 25
Self-interested voters 26
Self-interested bureaucrats 27
Budget maximisers? 27
X-inefficiency 28
Public servants as knaves? 29
Exit, voice and loyalty 29
Privatisation and quasi-markets 30
The voluntary sector and mutuality 32
Why a voluntary sector? 32
Overview 34
Questions for discussion 34
Further reading 34
Detailed contents
three How to pay for social programmes? 35
The tax constraint
Summary 35
Consent 36
Improving the popularity of taxes 40
Make employers pay 40
Stealth taxes 40
Hypothecation 40
Taxes on public bads 41
Localise taxes 41
Convince taxpayers 43
Equity 43
Efficiency 46
The traditional view 46
A more complex picture 48
Taxing wealth 49
What alternatives are there to taxes? 50
Overview 52
Questions for discussion 52
I Further reading 53
four Financing healthcare 55
i
Summary 55
I The cost of healthcare 56
Blair s promise and the Wanless Report 59
How the NHS funds are allocated 61
Measuring differential need 63
The 2003 English formula 65
The Scottish and Welsh equivalents 66
Raising the money 67
An insurance-based system 67
Private insurance 69
Local taxation 70
On balance 71
Improving choice and efficiency 71
Primary care trusts in England 74
Local healthcare cooperatives in Scotland 76
Taking the changes even further? 76
Overview 77
Questions for discussion 77
Further reading 77
Understanding the finance of welfare
five Financing social care 79
Summary 79
The cost of social care 81
Informal care 81
Privately funded care 82
Not-for-profit providers 83
Local authority social services and social work 84
departments budgets
How social care funds are allocated 84
Changes to local government finance in 2003 85
The personal social services 86
Specific grants 88
Capital spending 89
Perverse funding 89 !
Fees and charges 91
Improving choice and efficiency 92
The spending on and organisation of social care in other countries 94
The funding and organisation of long-term care in the UK 97
Complex funding streams 97
Overview 101 I
Questions for discussion 102
Further reading 102
I
six Financing education 103
Summary 103
The cost of education 105 !
How education funds are allocated 108
Schools 109
Colleges of further education 113
Higher education 113
The economists case 115
New Labour s policy: phase one 116
The 2003 White Paper on Higher Education Funding 118
Improving choice and efficiency 120
Incentives in higher education 123
The finance of education in other countries 123
Schools 123
Higher education 124
Overview 127
Questions for discussion 127
Further reading 127
Detailed contents
seven Financing income security 129
Summary 129
The state s role: income replacement or poverty relief? 130
The case for insurance markets 131
The cost of income maintenance 132
Public spending 132
Tax credits 136
Tax allowances 137
Spending in other countries 138
How social security funds are allocated in the UK 138
The present structure of UK pensions 140
A way out of the maze? 142
Public assistance 143
Pensions in other countries 145
Improving choice and efficiency 149
Work incentives 149
Saving incentives 150
To fund or not to fund? 151
To target or not to target? 155
Pensions for carers 156
Overview 156
Questions for discussion 157
Further reading 157
eight Financing housing 159
Summary 159
Housing policy evolves 1* 0
I From producer subsidies to consumer subsidies 162
Rent control and regulation 162
A subsidy to the rich 163
The costs of housing 165
Costs to the state 165
The organisation of state finance 168
Supporting local authorities 168
Local authority capital spending 169
Housing associations 170
Housing Benefit 17°
Improving choice and efficiency 171
A gradual reform of Housing Benefit 172
The finance of housing in other countries 172
Understanding the finance of welfare
Overview 174
Questions for discussion 175
Further reading 175
nine Rationing scarce resources: managing rising 177
expectations
Summary 177
Rationing 178
Containing public expenditure 182
Treasury control 183
Comprehensive plans 185
Self-imposed prudence 187
A more proactive role for the Treasury 188
Territorial rationing 189
The place of local authority spending 191
The Private Finance Initiative 193
The 2002 Comprehensive Spending Review 194
Overview 196
Questions for discussion 196
Further reading 196
ten Do public services have a future? 197
Summary 197
Changing the tax structure 199
Stealth taxes and beneficial taxes 200
Charging 201
Selective universality 201
Squeezing more out of each pound spent 202
Whatever we do, it costs 203
Working longer 204
Vouchers and tax incentives 205
Tapping the willingness to pay 206
Overview: Dear Brutus 207
Questions for discussion 207
Further reading 207
List of tables, figures
and boxes
Tables
1.1 Classification of countries by public-private mix of provision 10
and finance of healthcare
3.1 International comparisons of taxes including social security 38
contributions (1975-2000)
3.2 Public attitudes to taxation and social spending (1983-2001) 39
3.3 International comparisons of national and local tax 42
receipts (1998)
3.4 Taxes paid as a percentage of gross household income, 47
by income group, UK (2000-01)
4.1 Health expenditure per capita and as a % of GDP (1998) 57
5.1 The total cost of long-term care in the UK (1995-96) 83
I (£ billion)
5.2 Central government grants to social services departments, 88
England (2002/03) (£ million)
5.3 Long-term care provision and spending in eight countries 96
(various years) (%)
6.1 Expenditure on educational institutions as a % of GDP 106
(1999)
6.2 UK education spending relative to GDP (1975-2003) (%) 107
6.3 Funding per pupil (1995/96-2003/04), real-terms index 108
6.4 Annual expenditure per student in different countries, 109
by level of education (1998) ( $)
7.1 The UK National Insurance Fund (1999/2000) (£ billions) 135
7.2 Funding Income Support, UK (1999/2000) (£ billions) 139
7.3 Combination of public and private pensions, 140
international comparison (non-working males aged 65-69)
8.1 UK housing expenditure of households (2000) (£ billion) 165
8.2 Housing investment: (a) New housing completions in the 167
UK (1977-2000); (b) Value of housing construction (2000)
9.1 Identifiable expenditure by country (2000/01) 192
9.2 UK public spending: past and future (1984/85-2005/06) 195
10.1 Depth of support for additional taxation 199
10.2 The costs of going private 205
Understanding the finance of welfare
Figures
1.1 A hierarchy of needs 3
1.2 A theory of human need 4
1.3 The finance-provision distinction 8
1.4 Classification of public and private welfare activity 12
1.5 Expenditure on welfare 13
2.1 Needs provision implied by economic theory 25
2.2 Types of public funding 31
3.1 The changing structure of taxation 45
4.1 Hospital and community health services gross current 58
expenditure per head, England (1999-2000) (£)
4.2 Where does the NHS budget go? 60
4.3 The flow of funds to the NHS (2003) 62
4.4 Allocating NHS resources 65
5.1 Social services departments budgets, England (2000/01) 85
5.2 Residential care for older people, England (1980-2001) 93
(total places)
6.1 Public expenditure on education: where it goes (2000/01) 107
7.1 Alternative principles of state pension schemes 130
7.2 State pension spending as a % of GDP (2000 and 2050) 146
8.1 Public expenditure on housing (1973-2001) 166
(£ million, 1995/96 prices)
9.1 The economic concept of rationing 179
9.2 Types of rationing 180
Boxes
3.1 A glossary of tax terms 44
4.1 Market failures in health 56
5.1 Market failures in long-term social care 80
6.1 Market failures in education 105
6.2 The Scottish model 117
7.1 Market failures and Income Support 133-4
7.2 National insurance contributory benefits 134
7.3 Tax-funded benefits 136
7.4 Defined benefit and defined contribution schemes 152
7.5 The Ponzi Game nature of unfunded social security 154-5
8.1 Market failures in housing 161
9.1 Department of Health objectives and performance targets 184
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Detailed contents vi
List of tables, figures and boxes xi
Foreword by Saul Becker xiii
Acknowledgements xvi
one Meeting basic human needs 1
two Market failure and government failure 15
three How to pay for social programmes? 35
The tax constraint
four Financing healthcare 55
five Financing social care 79
six Financing education 103
seven Financing income security 129
eight Financing housing 159
nine Rationing scarce resources: managing rising 177
expectations
ten Do public services have a future? 197
References 209
Index 225
Detailed contents
one Meeting basic human needs 1
Summary 1
Basic human need 2
Someone has to pay 5
Need and the life cycle 6
The distinction between finance and provision 6
The social division of welfare 9
Choice and agency 11
Overview 14
Questions for discussion 14
Further reading 14
two Market failure and government failure 15
i
Summary 15
Why markets work-sometimes 16
Market failure 18
Public goods 18
Externalities 19
Income externalities and giving 20
Information failure 22
Government failure 25
You can't please everyone all of the time 25
Self-interested voters 26
Self-interested bureaucrats 27
Budget maximisers? 27
X-inefficiency 28
Public servants as knaves? 29
Exit, voice and loyalty 29
Privatisation and quasi-markets 30
The voluntary sector and mutuality 32
Why a voluntary sector? 32
Overview 34
Questions for discussion 34
Further reading 34
Detailed contents
three How to pay for social programmes? 35
The tax constraint
Summary 35
Consent 36
Improving the popularity of taxes 40
Make employers pay 40
Stealth taxes 40
Hypothecation 40
Taxes on 'public bads' 41
Localise taxes 41
Convince taxpayers 43
Equity 43
Efficiency 46
The traditional view 46
A more complex picture 48
Taxing wealth 49
What alternatives are there to taxes? 50
Overview 52
Questions for discussion 52
I Further reading 53
four Financing healthcare 55
i
Summary 55
I The cost of healthcare 56
Blair's promise and the Wanless Report 59
How the NHS funds are allocated 61
Measuring differential need 63
The 2003 English formula 65
The Scottish and Welsh equivalents 66
Raising the money 67
An insurance-based system 67
Private insurance 69
Local taxation 70
On balance 71
Improving choice and efficiency 71
Primary care trusts in England 74
Local healthcare cooperatives in Scotland 76
Taking the changes even further? 76
Overview 77
Questions for discussion 77
Further reading 77
Understanding the finance of welfare
five Financing social care 79
Summary 79
The cost of social care 81
Informal care 81
Privately funded care 82
Not-for-profit providers 83
Local authority social services and social work 84
departments' budgets
How social care funds are allocated 84
Changes to local government finance in 2003 85
The personal social services 86
Specific grants 88
Capital spending 89
Perverse funding 89 !
Fees and charges 91
Improving choice and efficiency 92
The spending on and organisation of social care in other countries 94
The funding and organisation of long-term care in the UK 97
Complex funding streams 97
Overview 101 I
Questions for discussion 102
Further reading 102
I
six Financing education 103 '
Summary 103
The cost of education 105 !
How education funds are allocated 108
Schools 109
Colleges of further education 113
Higher education 113
The economists'case 115
'New' Labour's policy: phase one 116
The 2003 White Paper on Higher Education Funding 118
Improving choice and efficiency 120
Incentives in higher education 123
The finance of education in other countries 123
Schools 123
Higher education 124
Overview 127
Questions for discussion 127
Further reading 127
Detailed contents
seven Financing income security 129
Summary 129
The state's role: income replacement or poverty relief? 130
The case for insurance markets 131
The cost of income maintenance 132
Public spending 132
Tax credits 136
Tax allowances 137
Spending in other countries 138
How social security funds are allocated in the UK 138
The present structure of UK pensions 140
A way out of the maze? 142
Public assistance 143
Pensions in other countries 145
Improving choice and efficiency 149
Work incentives 149
Saving incentives 150
To fund or not to fund? 151
To target or not to target? 155
Pensions for carers 156
Overview 156
Questions for discussion 157
Further reading 157
eight Financing housing 159
Summary 159
Housing policy evolves 1* 0
I From producer subsidies to consumer subsidies 162
Rent control and regulation 162
A subsidy to the rich 163
The costs of housing 165
Costs to the state 165
The organisation of state finance 168
Supporting local authorities 168
Local authority capital spending 169
Housing associations 170
Housing Benefit 17°
Improving choice and efficiency 171
A gradual reform of Housing Benefit 172
The finance of housing in other countries 172
Understanding the finance of welfare
Overview 174
Questions for discussion 175
Further reading 175
nine Rationing scarce resources: managing rising 177
expectations
Summary 177
Rationing 178
Containing public expenditure 182
Treasury control 183
Comprehensive plans 185
Self-imposed prudence 187
A more proactive role for the Treasury 188
Territorial rationing 189
The place of local authority spending 191
The Private Finance Initiative 193
The 2002 Comprehensive Spending Review 194
Overview 196
Questions for discussion 196
Further reading 196
ten Do public services have a future? 197
Summary 197
Changing the tax structure 199
Stealth taxes and beneficial taxes 200
Charging 201
Selective universality 201
Squeezing more out of each pound spent 202
Whatever we do, it costs 203
Working longer 204
Vouchers and tax incentives 205
Tapping the willingness to pay 206
Overview: Dear Brutus 207
Questions for discussion 207
Further reading 207
List of tables, figures
and boxes
Tables
1.1 Classification of countries by public-private mix of provision 10
and finance of healthcare
3.1 International comparisons of taxes including social security 38
contributions (1975-2000)
3.2 Public attitudes to taxation and social spending (1983-2001) 39
3.3 International comparisons of national and local tax 42
receipts (1998)
3.4 Taxes paid as a percentage of gross household income, 47
by income group, UK (2000-01)
4.1 Health expenditure per capita and as a % of GDP (1998) 57
5.1 The total cost of long-term care in the UK (1995-96) 83
I (£ billion)
5.2 Central government grants to social services departments, 88
England (2002/03) (£ million)
5.3 Long-term care provision and spending in eight countries 96
(various years) (%)
6.1 Expenditure on educational institutions as a % of GDP 106
(1999)
6.2 UK education spending relative to GDP (1975-2003) (%) 107
6.3 Funding per pupil (1995/96-2003/04), real-terms index 108
6.4 Annual expenditure per student in different countries, 109
by level of education (1998) (\$)
7.1 The UK National Insurance Fund (1999/2000) (£ billions) 135
7.2 Funding Income Support, UK (1999/2000) (£ billions) 139
7.3 Combination of public and private pensions, 140
international comparison (non-working males aged 65-69)
8.1 UK housing expenditure of households (2000) (£ billion) 165
8.2 Housing investment: (a) New housing completions in the 167
UK (1977-2000); (b) Value of housing construction (2000)
9.1 Identifiable expenditure by country (2000/01) 192
9.2 UK public spending: past and future (1984/85-2005/06) 195
10.1 Depth of support for additional taxation 199
10.2 The costs of'going private' 205
Understanding the finance of welfare
Figures
1.1 A hierarchy of needs 3
1.2 A theory of human need 4
1.3 The finance-provision distinction 8
1.4 Classification of public and private welfare activity 12
1.5 Expenditure on welfare 13
2.1 Needs provision implied by economic theory 25
2.2 Types of public funding 31
3.1 The changing structure of taxation 45
4.1 Hospital and community health services' gross current 58
expenditure per head, England (1999-2000) (£)
4.2 Where does the NHS budget go? 60
4.3 The flow of funds to the NHS (2003) 62
4.4 Allocating NHS resources 65
5.1 Social services departments'budgets, England (2000/01) 85
5.2 Residential care for older people, England (1980-2001) 93
(total places)
6.1 Public expenditure on education: where it goes (2000/01) 107
7.1 Alternative principles of state pension schemes 130
7.2 State pension spending as a % of GDP (2000 and 2050) 146
8.1 Public expenditure on housing (1973-2001) 166
(£ million, 1995/96 prices)
9.1 The economic concept of rationing 179
9.2 Types of rationing 180
Boxes
3.1 A glossary of tax terms 44
4.1 Market failures in health 56
5.1 Market failures in long-term social care 80
6.1 Market failures in education 105
6.2 The Scottish model 117
7.1 Market failures and Income Support 133-4
7.2 National insurance contributory benefits 134
7.3 Tax-funded benefits 136
7.4 Defined benefit and defined contribution schemes 152
7.5 The 'Ponzi Game' nature of unfunded social security 154-5
8.1 Market failures in housing 161
9.1 Department of Health objectives and performance targets 184 |
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| author | Glennerster, Howard 1936- |
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| callnumber-subject | HV - Social Pathology, Criminology |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)248864166 (DE-599)BVBBV023529273 |
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| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
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| dewey-search | 338.43361941 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.43361941 221 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| geographic | Großbritannien Great Britain -- Social policy Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien Great Britain -- Social policy |
| id | DE-604.BV023529273 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:34:47Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:23:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1861344058 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016849472 |
| oclc_num | 248864166 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 DE-188 |
| physical | XVII, 235 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Policy Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Understanding welfare |
| spelling | Glennerster, Howard 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)135629446 aut Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it Howard Glennerster Bristol Policy Press 2003 XVII, 235 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Understanding welfare Public welfare -- Great Britain -- Finance Public welfare -- Economic aspects -- Great Britain Human services -- Great Britain -- Finance Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 gnd rswk-swf Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Great Britain -- Social policy Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 s Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 s DE-188 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy044/2004353331.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016849472&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Glennerster, Howard 1936- Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it Public welfare -- Great Britain -- Finance Public welfare -- Economic aspects -- Great Britain Human services -- Great Britain -- Finance Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 gnd Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4017182-6 (DE-588)4055879-4 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it |
| title_auth | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it |
| title_exact_search | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it |
| title_full | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it Howard Glennerster |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it Howard Glennerster |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it Howard Glennerster |
| title_short | Understanding the finance of welfare |
| title_sort | understanding the finance of welfare what welfare costs and how to pay for it |
| title_sub | what welfare costs and how to pay for it |
| topic | Public welfare -- Great Britain -- Finance Public welfare -- Economic aspects -- Great Britain Human services -- Great Britain -- Finance Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 gnd Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Public welfare -- Great Britain -- Finance Public welfare -- Economic aspects -- Great Britain Human services -- Great Britain -- Finance Finanzierung Sozialpolitik Großbritannien Great Britain -- Social policy |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy044/2004353331.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016849472&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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