Cases and materials on equity and trusts:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Blackstone
2003
|
| Edition: | 4. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXXVIII, 545 S. |
| ISBN: | 019926192X |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804138174130159616 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
OUTLINE CONTENTS
1 NATURE OF EQUITABLE OWNERSHIP 1
2 TRUSTS DISTINGUISHED FROM SIMILAR COMMON LAW CONCEPTS 18
3 CONSTITUTION OF TRUSTS AND COVENANTS TO SETTLE 37
4 CERTAINTY 71
5 PRIVATE PURPOSE TRUSTS 102
6 FORMALITIES, PERPETUITIES AND PUBLIC POLICY 115
7 VARIATION OF TRUSTS 133
8 RESULTING TRUSTS 155
9 FRAUD BASED CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS 188
10 UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS 216
11 TRUSTS OF LAND 243
12 LEGAL DEFINITION OF CHARITY 305
13 CYPRES 375
14 THE OFFICE OF TRUSTEE 417
15 TRUSTEES EXPRESS AND STATUTORY POWERS 456
16 BREACH OF TRUST: LIABILITY, DEFENCES AND RELIEF 468
17 TRACING AND THIRD PARTY LIABILITY 481
IMAGE 2
DETAILED CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CASES
TABLE OF STATUTES
XV XIX XXI XXIII XXXV
1 NATURE OF EQUITABLE OWNERSHIP
SECTION 1: THE EQUITABLE MAXIMS SECTION 2: COMPARING LEGAL AND EQUITABLE
TITLE A: EQUITY ACTS IN PERSONAM B: EQUITABLE RIGHTS AS REAL RIGHTS
C: EQUITY FOLLOWS THE LAW D: REMEDIES.
1
2 2 7
13 13
TRUSTS DISTINGUISHED FROM SIMILAR COMMON LAW CONCEPTS 18
SECTION 1: TRUST AND BAILMENT SECTION 2: TRUST AND CONTRACT A: TRUSTS
AND PRIVITY OF CONTRACT B: ENFORCEMENT BY OTHER CONTRACTING PARTY A
C: A CONTRACTING AS TRUSTEE D: CONTRACTS AND TRUSTS IN INSOLVENCY
SECTION 3: TRUSTS AND LOANS A: QUISTCLOSE TRUSTS - THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE
B: MONEY MUST BE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE C: ENFORCEMENT OF QUISTCLOSE
TRUSTS
D: MONEY PARTIALLY SPENT E: RELEVANCE OF RECIPIENT S INTENTION F:
QUISTCLOSE: TRUST OR POWER?
18 21 21 23
23 25 25 25
27 27 32 34
36
CONSTITUTION OF TRUSTS AND CONVENANTS TO SETTLE 37
SECTION 1: CONSTITUTION OF TRUSTS A: TRUSTS BY TRANSFER TO TRUSTEES B:
DECLARATION OF SELF AS TRUSTEE
SECTION 2: COVENANTS TO SETTLE A: CANNOT MAKE IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT OF
FUTURE PROPERTY B: CLAIM BY BENEFICIARY AGAINST SETTLOR C: CLAIM BY
TRUSTEE AGAINST SETTLOR
37 37 48 54
54 55 60
IMAGE 3
VIII DETAILED CONTENTS
SECTION 3: TRUSTS OF PROMISES A: EXISTING PROPERTY B: AFTER-ACQUIRED
PROPERTY
SECTION 4: AUTOMATIC CONSTITUTION
65 66 67
68
CERTAINTY 71
SECTION 1: CERTAINTY OF INTENTION
SECTION 2: CERTAINTY OF SUBJECT MATTER SECTION 3: CERTAINTY OF OBJECT A:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES: INDIVIDUAL AND CLASS ASCERTAINABILITY TESTS B:
PRESENT-DAY DISTINCTION BETWEEN TRUSTS AND POWERS
C: FIXED TRUSTS D: ENFORCEMENT OF POWERS
71
72
76 76 90 97 98
PRIVATE PURPOSE TRUSTS 102
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
SECTION 2: THE BENEFICIARY PRINCIPLE
SECTION 3: INDIRECT M E T H O DS OF ENFORCING PRIVATE PURPOSES SECTION
4: TRUST FOR BENEFIT OF IDENTIFIABLE OBJECTS
102 102
108
111
FORMALITIES, PERPETUITY AND PUBLIC POLICY 115
SECTION 1: FORMALITIES A: THE STATUTORY PROVISIONS
B: DISPOSITIONS OF EQUITABLE INTERESTS
SECTION 2: PERPETUITY A: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
B: PROPOSALS FOR REFORM
SECTION 3: PUBLIC POLICY
115 115 116
127 127 128 129
VARIATION OF TRUSTS 133
SECTION 1: INHERENT EQUITABLE JURISDICTION 13 3
A: SOUNDERS V VAUTIER 133
B: NON SUI IURIS BENEFICIARIES 135
SECTION 2: STATUTORY POWERS TO VARY TRUSTS APART FROM THE VARIATION OF
TRUSTS ACT 1958 138
A: MATRIMONIAL CAUSES ACT 1973 138
B: MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1983 138
C: GENERAL POWERS IN THE 1925 LEGISLATION 139
IMAGE 4
DETAILED CONTENTS IX
SECTION 3: VARIATION OF TRUSTS ACT 1958 A: THE STATUTORY PROVISIONS B:
PERSONS ON WHOSE BEHALF THE COURT MAY GIVE ITS APPROVAL C: WHAT IS
BENEFIT?
D: EXTENT OF COURT S DISCRETION E: RELEVANCE OF SETTLOR S VIEWS F: RISKS
C: VARIATION NOT RESETTLEMENT
H: JURISTIC BASIS OF VARIATION
140 140 141 143 144 144 144 152 153
8 RESULTING TRUSTS 155
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 155
SECTION 2: CATEGORISATION OF RESULTING TRUSTS 155
SECTION 3: PRESUMPTIONS CONCERNING INTENTION 156
A: THE PRESUMPTION OF RESULTING TRUST 156
B: THE PRESUMPTION OF ADVANCEMENT 156
C: ILLEGAL TRANSACTIONS 158
D: LAND AND THE PRESUMPTION OF RESULTING TRUST 166
SECTION 4: AUTOMATIC RESULTING TRUSTS 166
A: FAILURE TO DISPOSE OF EQUITABLE INTEREST: TRUST INVALID 167
B: FAILURE TO DISPOSE OF EQUITABLE INTEREST: PROVISION NOT MADE BY
SETTLOR 167
SECTION 5: WESTDEUTSCHE V ISLINGTON LBC 178
FRAUD BASED CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS 188
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 188
SECTION 2: EQUITY WILL NOT ALLOW A STATUTE TO BE USED AS A CLOAK FOR
FRAUD 189
SECTION 3: USING A REPRESENTATION TO OBTAIN LEGAL TITLE 192
A: SECRET TRUSTS 192
B: ACQUIRING PROPERTY SUBJECT TO ANOTHER S RIGHTS 196
SECTION 4: MUTUAL WILLS AND FLOATING TRUSTS 206
A: B TAKING PROPERTY UNDER A S WILL ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT IT WILL BE
LEFT TO C IN B S WILL 206
B: FLOATING CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS 206
SECTION 5: A WIDER CONDUCT-BASED DOCTRINE? 212
10 UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS 216
SECTION 1: BASIS UPON WHICH (NON-CHARITABLE) UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS
HOLD PROPERTY 216
A: TRUST FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE MEMBERS 216
B: TRUST FOR PRESENT MEMBERS ONLY 217
C: GIFT TO PRESENT MEMBERS 218
D: CONTRACTUAL ANALYSIS 218
IMAGE 5
X DETAILED CONTENTS
SECTION 2: WINDING UP OF UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS A: WHEN WOUND UP?
B: DIVISION OF SURPLUS PROPERTY C: PENSION FUNDS AND MUTUAL BENEFIT
SOCIETIES
D: RESULTING TRUST OR BONA VACANTIA?
227 227 230 233 234
11 TRUSTS OF LAND 243
SECTION 1: THE LEADING CASE - LLOYDS BANK PIC V ROSSET
SECTION 2: CASES WHERE THERE IS NO DISCUSSION BETWEEN THE PARTIES A:
ORDINARY LAW OF PROPERTY APPLIES - NO SPECIAL LAW B: WHAT COUNTS AS A
CONTRIBUTION? C: QUANTIFICATION OF B S INTEREST
SECTION 3: CASES WHERE THERE IS DISCUSSION
SECTION 4: IS THERE STILL ANY DISCRETION?
SECTION 5: RULES GOVERNING TRUSTS OF LAND A: OVERREACHING B: TRUSTS OF
LAND AND APPOINTMENT OF TRUSTEES ACT 1996
243
246 247 270 275
276
287
295 295 297
12 LEGAL DEFINITION OF CHARITY 305
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION A: SOURCES OF LAW B: OVERSEAS BENEFITS C:
PURPOSES MUST BE EXCLUSIVELY CHARITABLE
D: PROFIT-SEEKING
E: ROLE OF THE CHARITY COMMISSIONERS
SECTION 2: RELIEF OF POVERTY A: AGED, IMPOTENT AND POOR READ
DISJUNCTIVELY
B: DEFINITION OF POVERTY; EXTENT TO WHICH POVERTY INFERRED
SECTION 3: ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION A: WHAT CONSTITUTES EDUCATION? B:
RESEARCH C: SPORT AND RECREATION
D: VALUE JUDGEMENTS
SECTION 4: ADVANCEMENT OF RELIGION A: WHAT CONSTITUTES RELIGION? B:
ADVANCEMENT OF RELIGION C: REFORM OF THE LAW?
SECTION 5: OTHER PURPOSES BENEFICIAL TO THE COMMUNITY A: REFERENCE BACK
TO PREAMBLE B: RANGE OF ACTIVITIES COVERED
C: SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
SECTION 6: RECREATIONAL CHARITIES ACT 1958
305 306 308 308
311 311
313 313 316
319 319 319 323 325
327 327 333 334
334 334 337 338 339
IMAGE 6
DETAILED CONTENTS XI
SECTION 7: PUBLIC BENEFIT A: THE RELIEF OF POVERTY B: THE ADVANCEMENT OF
EDUCATION C: ADVANCEMENT OF RELIGION
D: PUBLIC BENEFIT UNDER THE FOURTH HEAD E: REFORM OF CHARITABLE STATUS:
THE PUBLIC BENEFIT DIMENSION
SECTION 8: PURPOSES WHICH CREATE PROBLEMS UNDER ANY HEAD A: POLITICAL
PURPOSES B: SELF-HELP ORGANISATIONS C: DISASTER APPEALS
343 343 347 351 355 357
359 359 369 370
13 CYPRES 375
SECTION 1:
SECTION 2:
SECTION 3:
SECTION 4:
SECTION 5:
SECTION 6:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
INITIAL FAILURE A: CHARITY NEVER EXISTED AT ALL B: GIFTS WITH CONDITIONS
ATTACHED
SUBSEQUENT FAILURE
ALTERING CHARITABLE OBJECTS A: AT COMMON LAW B: CHARITIES ACT 1960
(REPLACED BY 1993 ACT)
CHARITIES ACT 1993, S. 14 (REPLACING SAME SECTION OF 1960 ACT)
SMALL POVERTY CHARITIES
375 375 376 382 388
394 394
401
409
411
14 THE OFFICE OF TRUSTEE 417
SECTION L: T HE DUTY OF CARE
SECTION 2: T HE FIDUCIARY DUTY A: INTRODUCTION B: CONFLICTS C: THE RULE
AGAINST UNAUTHORISED PROFIT D: TRUSTEE REMUNERATION
SECTION 3: THE DUTY OF PERSONAL SERVICE A: INDIVIDUAL DELEGATION B:
COLLECTIVE DELEGATION
SECTION 4: THE DUTY TO EXERCISE A SOUND DISCRETION A: EXPRESSLY
UNQUALIFIED DISCRETION
B: THE RULE IN HASTINGS-BASS
SECTION 5: THE DUTY OF FAIRNESS
SECTION 6: COMMENCEMENT AND TERMINATION OF TRUSTEESHIP A: APPOINTMENT OF
NEW TRUSTEES B: TERMINATION OF TRUSTEESHIP C: ROLE OF BENEFICIARIES
417
423 423 427 429
438
440 440 442
447 447 448
450 450 450 453
454
IMAGE 7
XII DETAILED CONTENTS
15 TRUSTEES EXPRESS AND STATUTORY POWERS 456
SECTION 1: GENERAL POWERS OF TRUSTEES A: DUTIES AND POWERS B: EXPRESS
AND GENERAL POWERS C: POWERS OF SALE
D: POWER TO GIVE RECEIPTS E: POWER TO INSURE F: POWER TO COMPOUND
LIABILITIES
SECTION 2: MAINTENANCE AND ADVANCEMENT A: MAINTENANCE B: ADVANCEMENT
SECTION 3: INVESTMENT A: THE STATUTORY POWER B: INVESTMENT POLICY
456 456 456 457
457 458 458
459 459 461
464 464 466
16 BREACH OF TRUST: LIABILITY, DEFENCES AND RELIEF 468
SECTION 1: LIABILITY FOR BREACH A: AVAILABLE REMEDIES B: EQUITABLE
COMPENSATION C: ELECTION BETWEEN ALTERNATIVE INCONSISTENT REMEDIES
SECTION 2: DEFENCES TO LIABILITY A: LAPSE OF TIME AND LIMITATION B:
EXEMPTION CLAUSES C: CONSENT, PARTICIPATION, RELEASE OR ACQUIESCENCE BY
BENEFICIARIES
SECTION 3: RELIEF FROM LIABILITY A: TRUSTEE ACT 1925, S. 61 B:
IMPOUNDING THE BENEFICIARY S INTEREST
468 468 468 470
472 472 473 476
477 477 478
17 TRACING AND THIRD PARTY LIABILITY 481
SECTION 1: DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE TRACING PROCESS AND REMEDIES BASED ON
TRACING 4 81
SECTION 2: DISTINCTION BETWEEN PERSONAL AND PROPRIETARY REMEDIES 481
SECTION 3: COMMON LAW REMEDIES 4 82
A: PROPRIETARY REMEDIES AT COMMON LAW 4 ^2
B: MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED 4
SECTION 4: COMMON LAW TRACING 488
SECTION 5: EQUITABLE PROPRIETARY REMEDIES 499
SECTION 6: TRACING IN EQUITY 5 05
A: IDENTIFICATION OF PROPERTY AS BELONGING TO THE CLAIMANT 506
B: QUANTIFYING SHARES IN MIXED FUNDS: PAN POSSU AND CLAYTON S CASE 508
C: MIXING BY TRUSTEE OR FIDUCIARY 510
D: REQUIREMENT FOR FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP 516
IMAGE 8
DETAILED CONTENTS XIII
SECTION 7: STRANGERS AS CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTEES 520
A: TRUSTEE DE SON TORT 520
B: KNOWING RECEIPT 520
C: DISHONEST ASSISTANCE 528
D: THE PERSONAL ACTION IN DIPLOCK 538
INDEX 539
|
| adam_txt |
IMAGE 1
OUTLINE CONTENTS
1 NATURE OF EQUITABLE OWNERSHIP 1
2 TRUSTS DISTINGUISHED FROM SIMILAR COMMON LAW CONCEPTS 18
3 CONSTITUTION OF TRUSTS AND COVENANTS TO SETTLE 37
4 CERTAINTY 71
5 PRIVATE PURPOSE TRUSTS 102
6 FORMALITIES, PERPETUITIES AND PUBLIC POLICY 115
7 VARIATION OF TRUSTS 133
8 RESULTING TRUSTS 155
9 FRAUD BASED CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS 188
10 UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS 216
11 TRUSTS OF LAND 243
12 LEGAL DEFINITION OF CHARITY 305
13 CYPRES 375
14 THE OFFICE OF TRUSTEE 417
15 TRUSTEES' EXPRESS AND STATUTORY POWERS 456
16 BREACH OF TRUST: LIABILITY, DEFENCES AND RELIEF 468
17 TRACING AND THIRD PARTY LIABILITY 481
IMAGE 2
DETAILED CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CASES
TABLE OF STATUTES
XV XIX XXI XXIII XXXV
1 NATURE OF EQUITABLE OWNERSHIP
SECTION 1: THE EQUITABLE MAXIMS SECTION 2: COMPARING LEGAL AND EQUITABLE
TITLE A: EQUITY ACTS IN PERSONAM B: EQUITABLE RIGHTS AS REAL RIGHTS
C: EQUITY FOLLOWS THE LAW D: REMEDIES.
1
2 2 7
13 13
TRUSTS DISTINGUISHED FROM SIMILAR COMMON LAW CONCEPTS 18
SECTION 1: TRUST AND BAILMENT SECTION 2: TRUST AND CONTRACT A: TRUSTS
AND PRIVITY OF CONTRACT B: ENFORCEMENT BY OTHER CONTRACTING PARTY A
C: A CONTRACTING AS TRUSTEE D: CONTRACTS AND TRUSTS IN INSOLVENCY
SECTION 3: TRUSTS AND LOANS A: QUISTCLOSE TRUSTS - THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE
B: MONEY MUST BE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE C: ENFORCEMENT OF QUISTCLOSE
TRUSTS
D: MONEY PARTIALLY SPENT E: RELEVANCE OF RECIPIENT'S INTENTION F:
QUISTCLOSE: TRUST OR POWER?
18 21 21 23
23 25 25 25
27 27 32 34
36
CONSTITUTION OF TRUSTS AND CONVENANTS TO SETTLE 37
SECTION 1: CONSTITUTION OF TRUSTS A: TRUSTS BY TRANSFER TO TRUSTEES B:
DECLARATION OF SELF AS TRUSTEE
SECTION 2: COVENANTS TO SETTLE A: CANNOT MAKE IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT OF
FUTURE PROPERTY B: CLAIM BY BENEFICIARY AGAINST SETTLOR C: CLAIM BY
TRUSTEE AGAINST SETTLOR
37 37 48 54
54 55 60
IMAGE 3
VIII DETAILED CONTENTS
SECTION 3: TRUSTS OF PROMISES A: EXISTING PROPERTY B: AFTER-ACQUIRED
PROPERTY
SECTION 4: AUTOMATIC CONSTITUTION
65 66 67
68
CERTAINTY 71
SECTION 1: CERTAINTY OF INTENTION
SECTION 2: CERTAINTY OF SUBJECT MATTER SECTION 3: CERTAINTY OF OBJECT A:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES: INDIVIDUAL AND CLASS ASCERTAINABILITY TESTS B:
PRESENT-DAY DISTINCTION BETWEEN TRUSTS AND POWERS
C: FIXED TRUSTS D: ENFORCEMENT OF POWERS
71
72
76 76 90 97 98
PRIVATE PURPOSE TRUSTS 102
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
SECTION 2: THE BENEFICIARY PRINCIPLE
SECTION 3: INDIRECT M E T H O DS OF ENFORCING PRIVATE PURPOSES SECTION
4: TRUST FOR BENEFIT OF IDENTIFIABLE OBJECTS
102 102
108
111
FORMALITIES, PERPETUITY AND PUBLIC POLICY 115
SECTION 1: FORMALITIES A: THE STATUTORY PROVISIONS
B: DISPOSITIONS OF EQUITABLE INTERESTS
SECTION 2: PERPETUITY A: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
B: PROPOSALS FOR REFORM
SECTION 3: PUBLIC POLICY
115 115 116
127 127 128 129
VARIATION OF TRUSTS 133
SECTION 1: INHERENT EQUITABLE JURISDICTION 13 3
A: SOUNDERS V VAUTIER 133
B: NON SUI IURIS BENEFICIARIES 135
SECTION 2: STATUTORY POWERS TO VARY TRUSTS APART FROM THE VARIATION OF
TRUSTS ACT 1958 138
A: MATRIMONIAL CAUSES ACT 1973 138
B: MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1983 138
C: GENERAL POWERS IN THE 1925 LEGISLATION 139
IMAGE 4
DETAILED CONTENTS IX
SECTION 3: VARIATION OF TRUSTS ACT 1958 A: THE STATUTORY PROVISIONS B:
PERSONS ON WHOSE BEHALF THE COURT MAY GIVE ITS APPROVAL C: WHAT IS
BENEFIT?
D: EXTENT OF COURT'S DISCRETION E: RELEVANCE OF SETTLOR'S VIEWS F: RISKS
C: VARIATION NOT RESETTLEMENT
H: JURISTIC BASIS OF VARIATION
140 140 141 143 144 144 144 152 153
8 RESULTING TRUSTS 155
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 155
SECTION 2: CATEGORISATION OF RESULTING TRUSTS 155
SECTION 3: PRESUMPTIONS CONCERNING INTENTION 156
A: THE PRESUMPTION OF RESULTING TRUST 156
B: THE PRESUMPTION OF ADVANCEMENT 156
C: ILLEGAL TRANSACTIONS 158
D: LAND AND THE PRESUMPTION OF RESULTING TRUST 166
SECTION 4: AUTOMATIC RESULTING TRUSTS 166
A: FAILURE TO DISPOSE OF EQUITABLE INTEREST: TRUST INVALID 167
B: FAILURE TO DISPOSE OF EQUITABLE INTEREST: PROVISION NOT MADE BY
SETTLOR 167
SECTION 5: WESTDEUTSCHE V ISLINGTON LBC 178
FRAUD BASED CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS 188
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 188
SECTION 2: EQUITY WILL NOT ALLOW A STATUTE TO BE USED AS A CLOAK FOR
FRAUD 189
SECTION 3: USING A REPRESENTATION TO OBTAIN LEGAL TITLE 192
A: SECRET TRUSTS 192
B: ACQUIRING PROPERTY 'SUBJECT TO' ANOTHER'S RIGHTS 196
SECTION 4: MUTUAL WILLS AND FLOATING TRUSTS 206
A: B TAKING PROPERTY UNDER A'S WILL ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT IT WILL BE
LEFT TO C IN B'S WILL 206
B: FLOATING CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS 206
SECTION 5: A WIDER CONDUCT-BASED DOCTRINE? 212
10 UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS 216
SECTION 1: BASIS UPON WHICH (NON-CHARITABLE) UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS
HOLD PROPERTY 216
A: TRUST FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE MEMBERS 216
B: TRUST FOR PRESENT MEMBERS ONLY 217
C: GIFT TO PRESENT MEMBERS 218
D: CONTRACTUAL ANALYSIS 218
IMAGE 5
X DETAILED CONTENTS
SECTION 2: WINDING UP OF UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS A: WHEN WOUND UP?
B: DIVISION OF SURPLUS PROPERTY C: PENSION FUNDS AND MUTUAL BENEFIT
SOCIETIES
D: RESULTING TRUST OR BONA VACANTIA?
227 227 230 233 234
11 TRUSTS OF LAND 243
SECTION 1: THE LEADING CASE - LLOYDS BANK PIC V ROSSET
SECTION 2: CASES WHERE THERE IS NO DISCUSSION BETWEEN THE PARTIES A:
ORDINARY LAW OF PROPERTY APPLIES - NO SPECIAL LAW B: WHAT COUNTS AS A
CONTRIBUTION? C: QUANTIFICATION OF B'S INTEREST
SECTION 3: CASES WHERE THERE IS DISCUSSION
SECTION 4: IS THERE STILL ANY DISCRETION?
SECTION 5: RULES GOVERNING TRUSTS OF LAND A: OVERREACHING B: TRUSTS OF
LAND AND APPOINTMENT OF TRUSTEES ACT 1996
243
246 247 270 275
276
287
295 295 297
12 LEGAL DEFINITION OF CHARITY 305
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION A: SOURCES OF LAW B: OVERSEAS BENEFITS C:
PURPOSES MUST BE EXCLUSIVELY CHARITABLE
D: PROFIT-SEEKING
E: ROLE OF THE CHARITY COMMISSIONERS
SECTION 2: RELIEF OF POVERTY A: AGED, IMPOTENT AND POOR READ
DISJUNCTIVELY
B: DEFINITION OF POVERTY; EXTENT TO WHICH POVERTY INFERRED
SECTION 3: ADVANCEMENT OF EDUCATION A: WHAT CONSTITUTES EDUCATION? B:
RESEARCH C: SPORT AND RECREATION
D: VALUE JUDGEMENTS
SECTION 4: ADVANCEMENT OF RELIGION A: WHAT CONSTITUTES RELIGION? B:
ADVANCEMENT OF RELIGION C: REFORM OF THE LAW?
SECTION 5: OTHER PURPOSES BENEFICIAL TO THE COMMUNITY A: REFERENCE BACK
TO PREAMBLE B: RANGE OF ACTIVITIES COVERED
C: SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
SECTION 6: RECREATIONAL CHARITIES ACT 1958
305 306 308 308
311 311
313 313 316
319 319 319 323 325
327 327 333 334
334 334 337 338 339
IMAGE 6
DETAILED CONTENTS XI
SECTION 7: PUBLIC BENEFIT A: THE RELIEF OF POVERTY B: THE ADVANCEMENT OF
EDUCATION C: ADVANCEMENT OF RELIGION
D: PUBLIC BENEFIT UNDER THE FOURTH HEAD E: REFORM OF CHARITABLE STATUS:
THE PUBLIC BENEFIT DIMENSION
SECTION 8: PURPOSES WHICH CREATE PROBLEMS UNDER ANY HEAD A: POLITICAL
PURPOSES B: SELF-HELP ORGANISATIONS C: DISASTER APPEALS
343 343 347 351 355 357
359 359 369 370
13 CYPRES 375
SECTION 1:
SECTION 2:
SECTION 3:
SECTION 4:
SECTION 5:
SECTION 6:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
INITIAL FAILURE A: CHARITY NEVER EXISTED AT ALL B: GIFTS WITH CONDITIONS
ATTACHED
SUBSEQUENT FAILURE
ALTERING CHARITABLE OBJECTS A: AT COMMON LAW B: CHARITIES ACT 1960
(REPLACED BY 1993 ACT)
CHARITIES ACT 1993, S. 14 (REPLACING SAME SECTION OF 1960 ACT)
SMALL POVERTY CHARITIES
375 375 376 382 388
394 394
401
409
411
14 THE OFFICE OF TRUSTEE 417
SECTION L: T HE DUTY OF CARE
SECTION 2: T HE FIDUCIARY DUTY A: INTRODUCTION B: CONFLICTS C: THE RULE
AGAINST UNAUTHORISED PROFIT D: TRUSTEE REMUNERATION
SECTION 3: THE DUTY OF PERSONAL SERVICE A: INDIVIDUAL DELEGATION B:
COLLECTIVE DELEGATION
SECTION 4: THE DUTY TO EXERCISE A SOUND DISCRETION A: EXPRESSLY
UNQUALIFIED DISCRETION
B: THE RULE IN HASTINGS-BASS
SECTION 5: THE DUTY OF FAIRNESS
SECTION 6: COMMENCEMENT AND TERMINATION OF TRUSTEESHIP A: APPOINTMENT OF
NEW TRUSTEES B: TERMINATION OF TRUSTEESHIP C: ROLE OF BENEFICIARIES
417
423 423 427 429
438
440 440 442
447 447 448
450 450 450 453
454
IMAGE 7
XII DETAILED CONTENTS
15 TRUSTEES' EXPRESS AND STATUTORY POWERS 456
SECTION 1: GENERAL POWERS OF TRUSTEES A: DUTIES AND POWERS B: EXPRESS
AND GENERAL POWERS C: POWERS OF SALE
D: POWER TO GIVE RECEIPTS E: POWER TO INSURE F: POWER TO COMPOUND
LIABILITIES
SECTION 2: MAINTENANCE AND ADVANCEMENT A: MAINTENANCE B: ADVANCEMENT
SECTION 3: INVESTMENT A: THE STATUTORY POWER B: INVESTMENT POLICY
456 456 456 457
457 458 458
459 459 461
464 464 466
16 BREACH OF TRUST: LIABILITY, DEFENCES AND RELIEF 468
SECTION 1: LIABILITY FOR BREACH A: AVAILABLE REMEDIES B: EQUITABLE
COMPENSATION C: ELECTION BETWEEN ALTERNATIVE INCONSISTENT REMEDIES
SECTION 2: DEFENCES TO LIABILITY A: LAPSE OF TIME AND LIMITATION B:
EXEMPTION CLAUSES C: CONSENT, PARTICIPATION, RELEASE OR ACQUIESCENCE BY
BENEFICIARIES
SECTION 3: RELIEF FROM LIABILITY A: TRUSTEE ACT 1925, S. 61 B:
IMPOUNDING THE BENEFICIARY'S INTEREST
468 468 468 470
472 472 473 476
477 477 478
17 TRACING AND THIRD PARTY LIABILITY 481
SECTION 1: DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE TRACING PROCESS AND REMEDIES BASED ON
TRACING 4 81
SECTION 2: DISTINCTION BETWEEN PERSONAL AND PROPRIETARY REMEDIES 481
SECTION 3: COMMON LAW REMEDIES 4 82
A: PROPRIETARY REMEDIES AT COMMON LAW 4 ^2
B: MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED 4
SECTION 4: COMMON LAW TRACING 488
SECTION 5: EQUITABLE PROPRIETARY REMEDIES 499
SECTION 6: TRACING IN EQUITY 5 05
A: IDENTIFICATION OF PROPERTY AS BELONGING TO THE CLAIMANT 506
B: QUANTIFYING SHARES IN MIXED FUNDS: PAN POSSU AND CLAYTON'S CASE 508
C: MIXING BY TRUSTEE OR FIDUCIARY 510
D: REQUIREMENT FOR FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP 516
IMAGE 8
DETAILED CONTENTS XIII
SECTION 7: STRANGERS AS 'CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTEES' 520
A: TRUSTEE DE SON TORT 520
B: KNOWING RECEIPT 520
C: DISHONEST ASSISTANCE 528
D: THE PERSONAL ACTION IN DIPLOCK 538
INDEX 539 |
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| author | Todd, Paul Watt, Gary |
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| edition | 4. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023529194 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:34:45Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:23:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 019926192X |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Todd, Paul Verfasser aut Cases and materials on equity and trusts Paul Todd ; Gary Watt 4. ed. London Blackstone 2003 XXXVIII, 545 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Equity England Cases Equity Wales Cases Trusts and trustees England Cases Trusts and trustees Wales Cases Watt, Gary Verfasser (DE-588)1157131565 aut SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016849393&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Todd, Paul Watt, Gary Cases and materials on equity and trusts Equity England Cases Equity Wales Cases Trusts and trustees England Cases Trusts and trustees Wales Cases |
| title | Cases and materials on equity and trusts |
| title_auth | Cases and materials on equity and trusts |
| title_exact_search | Cases and materials on equity and trusts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Cases and materials on equity and trusts |
| title_full | Cases and materials on equity and trusts Paul Todd ; Gary Watt |
| title_fullStr | Cases and materials on equity and trusts Paul Todd ; Gary Watt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cases and materials on equity and trusts Paul Todd ; Gary Watt |
| title_short | Cases and materials on equity and trusts |
| title_sort | cases and materials on equity and trusts |
| topic | Equity England Cases Equity Wales Cases Trusts and trustees England Cases Trusts and trustees Wales Cases |
| topic_facet | Equity England Cases Equity Wales Cases Trusts and trustees England Cases Trusts and trustees Wales Cases |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016849393&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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