Challenging human rights violations: using international law in US courts
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ardsley, NY
Transnational Publ.
2001
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Published under the auspices of Rights International's Eric Neisser Project on International Human Rights Law in the United States |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 273 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781571051677 1571051678 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Martin, Francisco Forrest |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Challenging human rights violations |b using international law in US courts |c Francisco Forrest Martin |
| 264 | 1 | |a Ardsley, NY |b Transnational Publ. |c 2001 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Internationales Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Menschenrecht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Civil rights -- United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International law -- United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human rights | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138165457387520 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS USING INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S.
COURTS FRANCISCO FORREST MARTIN ARIEL F. SALLOWS PROFESSOR IN HUMAN
RIGHTS UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN COLLEGE OF LAW **, ** PUBLISHED UNDER
THE AUSPICES OF RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL S ERIC NEISSER PROJECT ON
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW IN THE UNITED STATES ~JFF /J
TRANSNATIONAL PUBLISHERS, INC. ARDSLEY, NEW YORK CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
XV PARTI INTERNATIONAL AND UNITED STATES LAW CHAPTER 1: THE SOURCES AND
AUTHORITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3 A. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COURTS 3 1.
UNITED NATIONS CHARTER AND TREATY-BASED TRIBUNALS AND COURTS ... 3 2.
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 5 3. EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE 6 4.
INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION AND COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 6 5. AFRICAN
COMMISSION ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES RIGHTS 7 6. HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION FOR
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 7 7. INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNALS 7 B. UNITED
STATES LAW 8 1. TREATY LAW AS PART OF THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND
UNDER THE U.S. CONSTITUTION 9 A. RULES FOR INTERPRETING RELATIVE
AUTHORITY OF TREATIES 9 I. SELF-EXECUTING AND NON-SELF-EXECUTING
TREATIES 9 II. THE CHARMING BETSY AN D LAST-IN-TIME RULES 14 B. TREATIES
TO WHICH THE U.S. IS A PARTY 17 I. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS .... 17 A. ARTICLES 1-27 OF THE COVENANT SELF-EXECUTING
UNDER ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN V. BOEING CO 18 B. REGARDLESS OF
CONSTITUTIONAL VALIDITY, U.S. NON- SELF-EXECUTION DECLARATION DOES NOT
EXTEND TO NON-ARTICLE 111 TRIBUNALS 26 C. NON-SELF-EXECUTION DECLARATION
NOT APPLICABLE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS UNDER PRINCIPLES OF SEPARATION OF
POWERS AND FEDERALISM 27 D. REGARDLESS OF WHETHER COVENANT RECOGNIZES
PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION, RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY ARTICLES 1-27 CAN BE USED
DEFENSIVELY 28 VII VIII CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS E. ALTHOUGH
PRESIDENT MAY DEPOSIT RESERVATIONS WITH INSTRUMENT OF RATIFICATION, SUCH
RESERVATIONS CANNOT VIOLATE EXTANT INTERNATIONAL LAW TO HAVE
CONSTITUTIONAL EFFECT 29 II. CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT
OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE 30 III. CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER
CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT 31 IV. CONVENTION ON
THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 33 V. PROTOCOL I
RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES 34 VI. HAGUE CONVENTION (IV)
RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND 34 VIII. GENEVA
CONVENTION (IV) RELATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN PERSONS IN TIME
OF WAR 35 C. TREATIES TO WHICH THE U.S. IS A SIGNATORY 37 D. OTHER
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 38 2. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AS PART OF
THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND 39 A. SOURCES OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL
LAW 41 I. TRADITIONAL SOURCES 41 II. THE NEW SOURCES OF CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONAL LAW: CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 42 B. RULES
GOVERNING CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 44 I. HOW AND WHEN
CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW EMERGES 44 II. THE PERSISTENT
OBJECTOR RULE: PROTECTING U.S. NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY WHILE RECOGNIZING
HOW CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW TRUMPS FEDERAL STATUTES AND
EXECUTIVE ORDERS 47 3. JUS COGENS AS PART OF THE SUPREME LAW OF THE
LAND 55 C. STATE LAW: INTERNATIONAL LAW TRUMPS STATE LAW UNDER THE
SUPREMACY CLAUSE 61 CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 2: FEDERAL AND STATE
JURISDICTION OVER AND PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION FOR VIOLATIONS OF
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 67 A. STATE JURISDICTION AND PRIVATE
CAUSES OF ACTION 67 B. FEDERAL JURISDICTION AND PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION
67 1. JURISDICTION 68 A. ARTICLE III 68 B. 28 U.S.C. § 1331 68 C. 28
U.S.C. § 1343 69 D. 28 U.S.C. § 1346 69 2. AVAILABLE STATUTORY AND
JUDICIAL SOURCES FOR ESTABLISHING PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION 70 A. HABEAS
CORPUS STATUTES 70 B. ALIEN TORT CLAIMS ACT (ATCA) AND TORTURE VICTIM
PROTECTION ACT (TVPA) 70 C. FOREIGN SOVEREIGN IMMUNITIES ACT (FSIA) 72
D. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 72 E. FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT (FTCA) 74 F.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT 74 G. DECLARATORY JUDGMENT ACT 75 H.
BIVENS ACTIONS 75 PART II APPLICATIONS: USING INTERNATIONAL LAW TO
CHALLENGE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS COMMITTED IN THE UNITED STATES AND
ABROAD CHAPTER 3: RIGHTS TO LIFE, HUMANE TREATMENT, LIBERTY, AND
PERSONAL SECURITY, AND PROHIBITIONS OF GENOCIDE, WAR CRIMES, AND CRIMES
AGAINST HUMANITY 81 A. REQUIRING FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS TO
PREVENT, INVESTIGATE, PROSECUTE, AND PUNISH INTERNATIONAL CRIMES 81 1.
INTERNATIONAL LAW 89 A. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS 89 I. UNDER THE CHARMING BETSY RULE, FEDERAL CRIMINAL STATUTORY
SCHEME MUST BE INTERPRETED SO AS TO NOT CONFLICT WITH THE COVENANT 91
II. THE GOVERNMENT S AFFIRMATIVE DUTY TO PUNISH 91 X CHALLENGING HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS B. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 92 I. CONVENTIONAL
CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 92 II. COMMISSION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES 101 C. JUS COGENS 102 2. CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
REMEDIES 105 A. CIVIL REMEDIES 105 B. CRIMINAL REMEDIES: U.S. FEDERAL
AND STATE LAW ON PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION 105 I. ELIMINATING FEDERAL
PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION 106 A. EGREGIOUS NATURE OF THESE INTERNATIONAL
CRIMES REQUIRES ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION . 109 B.
ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION ENSURES GREATER CRIMINAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT 110 C. ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION CONSISTENT
WITH GROWING DELEGATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE ENFORCEMENT FUNCTIONS TO
PRIVATE PERSONS AND DOES NOT CAUSE DIFFICULTIES FOR EFFECTIVE CRIMINAL
LAW ENFORCEMENT BY GOVERNMENT 110 D. ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL
DISCRETION BRINGS U.S. INTO COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
WHILE ALLOWING IT TO RETAIN INTERNATIONAL CREDIBILITY AND TO EXERCISE
ITS OWN JUDGMENT WITHIN ITS MARGIN OF APPRECIATION WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL
SUPERVISION ... 111 II. ELIMINATING STATE PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION 113
B. CHALLENGING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND MILITARY
AUTHORITIES 115 1. LIMITING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE BY DOMESTIC LAW
ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES 115 A. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
116 B. JUS COGENS 11 9 2. LIMITING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE BY U.S.
MILITARY AUTHORITIES. ..119 CONTENTS XI A. THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF
WAR: INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACTIONS 120 B. INTERNATIONAL LAW 122 I. THE
LIBERAL STANDARDS UNDER THE HAGUE CONVENTION AND GENEVA CONVENTION -
PROTOCOL 1 123 II. THE STRICTER STANDARD UNDER THE MCCANN RULE READ IN
LIGHT OF THE MARTENS CLAUSE 125 C. U.S. LAW: JUSTICIABILITY OF LETHAL
USE OF FORCE DECISIONS UNDER THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE 130 I.
LIMITING THE TEXTUALLY DEMONSTRABLE COMMITMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE AND
LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF DECISIONS WHEN TO USE LETHAL FORCE 133 II.
ELIMINATING PRUDENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS COUNSELLING FOR JUDICIAL
ABSTENTION FROM SCRUTINIZING USE OF LETHAL FORCE DECISIONS 135 III.
AVAILABILITY OF JUDICIALLY DISCOVERABLE AND MANAGEABLE STANDARDS FOR
LIMITING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE 138 A. AVAILABILITY OF LIABILITY
STANDARDS FOR PLANNING AND OTHER OPERATIONS 139 B. AVAILABILITY OF
STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING DAMAGES AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 140 C.
RECOGNIZING GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY FOR FORESEEABLE MURDER OR INHUMAN
TREATMENT PERPETRATED BY PRIVATE PERSONS 142 D. CHALLENGING CORPORAL
PUNISHMENT IN SCHOOL 144 E. CHALLENGING DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF THE
DEATH PENALTY 148 1. CHALLENGING THE EXECUTION OF PERSONS COMMITTING
CAPITAL CRIMES UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN 148 A. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT
ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 149 B. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONAL LAW 151 C. JUS COGENS 153 2. CHALLENGING EXECUTION BY GAS
ASPHYXIATION. HANGING. ELECTROCUTION, AND FIRING SQUAD 155 A.
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 156 B. CONVENTIONAL
CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 157 C. JUS COGENS 158 XII CHALLENGING HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS D. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL SUFFERING CAUSED BY METHODS OF
GAS ASPHYXIATION, ELECTROCUTION, HANGING, AND FIRING SQUAD ... 159 I.
GAS ASPHYXIATION 159 II. ELECTROCUTION 161 III. HANGING 162 IV. FIRING
SQUAD 163 3. CHALLENGING DEATH ROW PHENOMENON 163 A. INTERNATIONAL
COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 164 B. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONAL LAW 165 C. JUS COGENS 167 F. RIGHT TO LIBERTY: EXTENDING
EXTRATERRITORIAL COVERAGE 168 1. PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 169 2. ARMED
CONFLICT 171 3. IMMIGRATION CONTROL 172 CHAPTER 4: DUE PROCESS RIGHTS
177 A. INTERNATIONAL LAW 177 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS 177 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 179 3.
JUS COGENS 19 0 B. CHALLENGING U.S. DUE PROCESS VIOLATIONS 198 1. RIGHT
TO PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE: PROHIBITING PUBLIC, UNQUALIFIED STATEMENTS
OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANT S GUILT BY POLICE AND PROSECUTORS 198 2. RIGHT
AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION: PROVIDING EXTRATERRITORIAL MIRANDA WARNINGS
TO U.S. AND NON-U.S. NATIONALS 200 3. RIGHT TO LEGAL AID IN ALIEN
REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS 203 4. RIGHT TO EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES AND
EVIDENCE: COLLAPSING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN U.S. GOVERNMENTAL AND
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY 204 CHAPTER 5. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 207
A. INTERNATIONAL LAW 209 CONTENTS XIII 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 209 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL
LAW 210 B. CHALLENGING U.S. VIOLATIONS: PROTECTING THE ANONYMITY OF
CONFIDENTIAL JOURNALIST SOURCES 212 CHAPTER 6: RIGHT TO PRIVACY 215 A.
INTERNATIONAL LAW 215 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS 215 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 216 B.
CHALLENGING U.S. VIOLATIONS 217 1. CHALLENGING ANTI-GAY/LESBIAN/BISEXUAL
LAWS AND PRACTICES .... 217 A. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS: CHALLENGING CRIMINAL ANTI-SODOMY STATUTES 217 B.
CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 219 I. CIVILIANS:
CRIMINALIZATION 219 II. MILITARY PERSONNEL: CRIMINALIZATION AND
EXPULSION .... 222 C. JUS COGENS AND THE STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL
CRIMINAL COURT: A POTENTIAL CRIMINAL REMEDY FOR UNLAWFUL DETENTION 226
2. THE INTERNATIONAL EXCLUSIONARY RULE: EXCLUDING EVIDENCE ILLEGALLY
OBTAINED OUTSIDE THE U.S 228 3. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
INTERCEPTION 231 A. EXTENDING EXTRATERRITORIAL PROTECTION: LIMITING THE
USE OF ECHELON 231 B. PROTECTING E-MAIL PRIVACY: LIMITING THE USE OF
CARNIVORE. . 233 CHAPTER 7: FREEDOM FROM DISCRIMINATION 235 A.
INTERNATIONAL LAW 235 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS AND CONVENTION TO ELIMINATE ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
... 235 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 237 3. JUS COGENS
240 XIV CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS B. CHALLENGING U.S.
VIOLATIONS 241 1. AGE-SEXUAL PREFERENCE DISCRIMINATION IN CRIMINAL LAW
241 2. SEXUAL PREFERENCE DISCRIMINATION IN CHILD CUSTODY CASES 241
CHAPTER 8: RIGHT TO A REMEDY: PROVIDING COMPENSATION FOR UNINTENTIONAL
FALSE IMPRISONMENT 243 PART III CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 249 APPENDIX I:
STATUTORY AND OTHER SOURCES FOR PROVIDING PRIVATE CAUSE OF ACTION FOR
INTERNATIONAL LAW CLAIMS 251 APPENDIX II: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL ACTS
PUNISHABLE UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS 25 3 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 257
INDEX 267
|
| adam_txt |
CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS USING INTERNATIONAL LAW IN U.S.
COURTS FRANCISCO FORREST MARTIN ARIEL F. SALLOWS PROFESSOR IN HUMAN
RIGHTS UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN COLLEGE OF LAW **, ** PUBLISHED UNDER
THE AUSPICES OF RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL'S ERIC NEISSER PROJECT ON
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW IN THE UNITED STATES ~JFF\/J
TRANSNATIONAL PUBLISHERS, INC. ARDSLEY, NEW YORK CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
XV PARTI INTERNATIONAL AND UNITED STATES LAW CHAPTER 1: THE SOURCES AND
AUTHORITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3 A. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COURTS 3 1.
UNITED NATIONS CHARTER AND TREATY-BASED TRIBUNALS AND COURTS . 3 2.
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 5 3. EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE 6 4.
INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION AND COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 6 5. AFRICAN
COMMISSION ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES' RIGHTS 7 6. HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION FOR
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 7 7. INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNALS 7 B. UNITED
STATES LAW 8 1. TREATY LAW AS PART OF THE "SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND"
UNDER THE U.S. CONSTITUTION 9 A. RULES FOR INTERPRETING RELATIVE
AUTHORITY OF TREATIES 9 I. SELF-EXECUTING AND NON-SELF-EXECUTING
TREATIES 9 II. THE CHARMING BETSY AN D LAST-IN-TIME RULES 14 B. TREATIES
TO WHICH THE U.S. IS A PARTY 17 I. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS . 17 A. ARTICLES 1-27 OF THE COVENANT SELF-EXECUTING
UNDER ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN V. BOEING CO 18 B. REGARDLESS OF
CONSTITUTIONAL VALIDITY, U.S. NON- SELF-EXECUTION DECLARATION DOES NOT
EXTEND TO NON-ARTICLE 111 TRIBUNALS 26 C. NON-SELF-EXECUTION DECLARATION
NOT APPLICABLE TO STATE GOVERNMENTS UNDER PRINCIPLES OF SEPARATION OF
POWERS AND FEDERALISM 27 D. REGARDLESS OF WHETHER COVENANT RECOGNIZES
PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION, RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY ARTICLES 1-27 CAN BE USED
DEFENSIVELY 28 VII VIII CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS E. ALTHOUGH
PRESIDENT MAY DEPOSIT RESERVATIONS WITH INSTRUMENT OF RATIFICATION, SUCH
RESERVATIONS CANNOT VIOLATE EXTANT INTERNATIONAL LAW TO HAVE
CONSTITUTIONAL EFFECT 29 II. CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT
OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE 30 III. CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER
CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT 31 IV. CONVENTION ON
THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 33 V. PROTOCOL I
RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES 34 VI. HAGUE CONVENTION (IV)
RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND 34 VIII. GENEVA
CONVENTION (IV) RELATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN PERSONS IN TIME
OF WAR 35 C. TREATIES TO WHICH THE U.S. IS A SIGNATORY 37 D. OTHER
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS 38 2. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW AS PART OF
THE "SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND" 39 A. SOURCES OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL
LAW 41 I. TRADITIONAL SOURCES 41 II. THE NEW SOURCES OF CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONAL LAW: CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 42 B. RULES
GOVERNING CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 44 I. HOW AND WHEN
CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW EMERGES 44 II. THE PERSISTENT
OBJECTOR RULE: PROTECTING U.S. NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY WHILE RECOGNIZING
HOW CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW TRUMPS FEDERAL STATUTES AND
EXECUTIVE ORDERS 47 3. JUS COGENS AS PART OF THE "SUPREME LAW OF THE
LAND" 55 C. STATE LAW: INTERNATIONAL LAW TRUMPS STATE LAW UNDER THE
SUPREMACY CLAUSE 61 CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 2: FEDERAL AND STATE
JURISDICTION OVER AND PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION FOR VIOLATIONS OF
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 67 A. STATE JURISDICTION AND PRIVATE
CAUSES OF ACTION 67 B. FEDERAL JURISDICTION AND PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION
67 1. JURISDICTION 68 A. ARTICLE III 68 B. 28 U.S.C. § 1331 68 C. 28
U.S.C. § 1343 69 D. 28 U.S.C. § 1346 69 2. AVAILABLE STATUTORY AND
JUDICIAL SOURCES FOR ESTABLISHING PRIVATE CAUSES OF ACTION 70 A. HABEAS
CORPUS STATUTES 70 B. ALIEN TORT CLAIMS ACT (ATCA) AND TORTURE VICTIM
PROTECTION ACT (TVPA) 70 C. FOREIGN SOVEREIGN IMMUNITIES ACT (FSIA) 72
D. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 72 E. FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT (FTCA) 74 F.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT 74 G. DECLARATORY JUDGMENT ACT 75 H.
BIVENS ACTIONS 75 PART II APPLICATIONS: USING INTERNATIONAL LAW TO
CHALLENGE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS COMMITTED IN THE UNITED STATES AND
ABROAD CHAPTER 3: RIGHTS TO LIFE, HUMANE TREATMENT, LIBERTY, AND
PERSONAL SECURITY, AND PROHIBITIONS OF GENOCIDE, WAR CRIMES, AND CRIMES
AGAINST HUMANITY 81 A. REQUIRING FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS TO
PREVENT, INVESTIGATE, PROSECUTE, AND PUNISH INTERNATIONAL CRIMES 81 1.
INTERNATIONAL LAW 89 A. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS 89 I. UNDER THE CHARMING BETSY RULE, FEDERAL CRIMINAL STATUTORY
SCHEME MUST BE INTERPRETED SO AS TO NOT CONFLICT WITH THE COVENANT 91
II. THE GOVERNMENT'S AFFIRMATIVE DUTY TO PUNISH 91 X CHALLENGING HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS B. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 92 I. CONVENTIONAL
CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 92 II. COMMISSION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES 101 C. JUS COGENS 102 2. CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
REMEDIES 105 A. CIVIL REMEDIES 105 B. CRIMINAL REMEDIES: U.S. FEDERAL
AND STATE LAW ON PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION 105 I. ELIMINATING FEDERAL
PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION 106 A. EGREGIOUS NATURE OF THESE INTERNATIONAL
CRIMES REQUIRES ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION . 109 B.
ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION ENSURES GREATER CRIMINAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT 110 C. ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION CONSISTENT
WITH GROWING DELEGATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE ENFORCEMENT FUNCTIONS TO
PRIVATE PERSONS AND DOES NOT CAUSE DIFFICULTIES FOR EFFECTIVE CRIMINAL
LAW ENFORCEMENT BY GOVERNMENT 110 D. ELIMINATION OF PROSECUTORIAL
DISCRETION BRINGS U.S. INTO COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
WHILE ALLOWING IT TO RETAIN INTERNATIONAL CREDIBILITY AND TO EXERCISE
ITS OWN JUDGMENT WITHIN ITS MARGIN OF APPRECIATION WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL
SUPERVISION . 111 II. ELIMINATING STATE PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION 113
B. CHALLENGING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AND MILITARY
AUTHORITIES 115 1. LIMITING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE BY DOMESTIC LAW
ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES 115 A. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
116 B. JUS COGENS 11 9 2. LIMITING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE BY U.S.
MILITARY AUTHORITIES. .119 CONTENTS XI A. THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF
WAR: INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACTIONS 120 B. INTERNATIONAL LAW 122 I. THE
LIBERAL STANDARDS UNDER THE HAGUE CONVENTION AND GENEVA CONVENTION -
PROTOCOL 1 123 II. THE STRICTER STANDARD UNDER THE MCCANN RULE READ IN
LIGHT OF THE MARTENS CLAUSE 125 C. U.S. LAW: JUSTICIABILITY OF LETHAL
USE OF FORCE DECISIONS UNDER THE "POLITICAL QUESTION" DOCTRINE 130 I.
LIMITING THE "TEXTUALLY DEMONSTRABLE COMMITMENT" TO THE EXECUTIVE AND
LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF DECISIONS WHEN TO USE LETHAL FORCE 133 II.
ELIMINATING PRUDENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS COUNSELLING FOR JUDICIAL
ABSTENTION FROM SCRUTINIZING USE OF LETHAL FORCE DECISIONS 135 III.
AVAILABILITY OF "JUDICIALLY DISCOVERABLE AND MANAGEABLE STANDARDS" FOR
LIMITING THE USE OF LETHAL FORCE 138 A. AVAILABILITY OF LIABILITY
STANDARDS FOR PLANNING AND OTHER OPERATIONS 139 B. AVAILABILITY OF
STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING DAMAGES AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 140 C.
RECOGNIZING GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY FOR FORESEEABLE MURDER OR INHUMAN
TREATMENT PERPETRATED BY PRIVATE PERSONS 142 D. CHALLENGING CORPORAL
PUNISHMENT IN SCHOOL 144 E. CHALLENGING DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF THE
DEATH PENALTY 148 1. CHALLENGING THE EXECUTION OF PERSONS COMMITTING
CAPITAL CRIMES UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN 148 A. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT
ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 149 B. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONAL LAW 151 C. JUS COGENS 153 2. CHALLENGING EXECUTION BY GAS
ASPHYXIATION. HANGING. ELECTROCUTION, AND FIRING SQUAD 155 A.
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 156 B. CONVENTIONAL
CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 157 C. JUS COGENS 158 XII CHALLENGING HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS D. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL SUFFERING CAUSED BY METHODS OF
GAS ASPHYXIATION, ELECTROCUTION, HANGING, AND FIRING SQUAD . 159 I.
GAS ASPHYXIATION 159 II. ELECTROCUTION 161 III. HANGING 162 IV. FIRING
SQUAD 163 3. CHALLENGING DEATH ROW PHENOMENON 163 A. INTERNATIONAL
COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 164 B. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONAL LAW 165 C. JUS COGENS 167 F. RIGHT TO LIBERTY: EXTENDING
EXTRATERRITORIAL COVERAGE 168 1. PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 169 2. ARMED
CONFLICT 171 3. IMMIGRATION CONTROL 172 CHAPTER 4: DUE PROCESS RIGHTS
177 A. INTERNATIONAL LAW 177 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS 177 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 179 3.
JUS COGENS 19 0 B. CHALLENGING U.S. DUE PROCESS VIOLATIONS 198 1. RIGHT
TO PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE: PROHIBITING PUBLIC, UNQUALIFIED STATEMENTS
OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANT'S GUILT BY POLICE AND PROSECUTORS 198 2. RIGHT
AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION: PROVIDING EXTRATERRITORIAL MIRANDA WARNINGS
TO U.S. AND NON-U.S. NATIONALS 200 3. RIGHT TO LEGAL AID IN ALIEN
REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS 203 4. RIGHT TO EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES AND
EVIDENCE: COLLAPSING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN U.S. GOVERNMENTAL AND
FOREIGN GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY 204 CHAPTER 5. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 207
A. INTERNATIONAL LAW 209 CONTENTS XIII 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 209 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL
LAW 210 B. CHALLENGING U.S. VIOLATIONS: PROTECTING THE ANONYMITY OF
CONFIDENTIAL JOURNALIST SOURCES 212 CHAPTER 6: RIGHT TO PRIVACY 215 A.
INTERNATIONAL LAW 215 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS 215 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 216 B.
CHALLENGING U.S. VIOLATIONS 217 1. CHALLENGING ANTI-GAY/LESBIAN/BISEXUAL
LAWS AND PRACTICES . 217 A. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND
POLITICAL RIGHTS: CHALLENGING CRIMINAL ANTI-SODOMY STATUTES 217 B.
CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 219 I. CIVILIANS:
CRIMINALIZATION 219 II. MILITARY PERSONNEL: CRIMINALIZATION AND
EXPULSION . 222 C. JUS COGENS AND THE STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL
CRIMINAL COURT: A POTENTIAL CRIMINAL REMEDY FOR UNLAWFUL DETENTION 226
2. THE INTERNATIONAL EXCLUSIONARY RULE: EXCLUDING EVIDENCE ILLEGALLY
OBTAINED OUTSIDE THE U.S 228 3. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
INTERCEPTION 231 A. EXTENDING EXTRATERRITORIAL PROTECTION: LIMITING THE
USE OF ECHELON 231 B. PROTECTING E-MAIL PRIVACY: LIMITING THE USE OF
CARNIVORE. . 233 CHAPTER 7: FREEDOM FROM DISCRIMINATION 235 A.
INTERNATIONAL LAW 235 1. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS AND CONVENTION TO ELIMINATE ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
. 235 2. CONVENTIONAL CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 237 3. JUS COGENS
240 XIV CHALLENGING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS B. CHALLENGING U.S.
VIOLATIONS 241 1. AGE-SEXUAL PREFERENCE DISCRIMINATION IN CRIMINAL LAW
241 2. SEXUAL PREFERENCE DISCRIMINATION IN CHILD CUSTODY CASES 241
CHAPTER 8: RIGHT TO A REMEDY: PROVIDING COMPENSATION FOR UNINTENTIONAL
FALSE IMPRISONMENT 243 PART III CONCLUSION CONCLUSION 249 APPENDIX I:
STATUTORY AND OTHER SOURCES FOR PROVIDING PRIVATE CAUSE OF ACTION FOR
INTERNATIONAL LAW CLAIMS 251 APPENDIX II: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL ACTS
PUNISHABLE UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS 25 3 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 257
INDEX 267 |
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| author | Martin, Francisco Forrest |
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| dewey-ones | 342 - Constitutional and administrative law |
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| dewey-search | 342.73/085 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3342.73 285 221 |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV023523487 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:33:25Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:23:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781571051677 1571051678 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016843747 |
| oclc_num | 611470470 |
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| physical | XVI, 273 S. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Transnational Publ. |
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| spelling | Martin, Francisco Forrest Verfasser aut Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts Francisco Forrest Martin Ardsley, NY Transnational Publ. 2001 XVI, 273 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Published under the auspices of Rights International's Eric Neisser Project on International Human Rights Law in the United States Internationales Recht Menschenrecht Civil rights -- United States International law -- United States Human rights USA GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016843747&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Martin, Francisco Forrest Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts Internationales Recht Menschenrecht Civil rights -- United States International law -- United States Human rights |
| title | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts |
| title_auth | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts |
| title_exact_search | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts |
| title_full | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts Francisco Forrest Martin |
| title_fullStr | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts Francisco Forrest Martin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenging human rights violations using international law in US courts Francisco Forrest Martin |
| title_short | Challenging human rights violations |
| title_sort | challenging human rights violations using international law in us courts |
| title_sub | using international law in US courts |
| topic | Internationales Recht Menschenrecht Civil rights -- United States International law -- United States Human rights |
| topic_facet | Internationales Recht Menschenrecht Civil rights -- United States International law -- United States Human rights USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016843747&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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