Topics in unemployment insurance financing:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kalamazoo, Mich.
Upjohn Inst. for Employment Research
1998
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | VIII, 173 S. |
| ISBN: | 0880991933 0880991941 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
The Author viii
Overview 1
1 The History of State UI Financing 5
The Legal and Institutional Framework 5
Funding Strategies and Concepts 10
Advance Funding 10
Pay-As-You-Go Funding 12
Major Historical Developments in State Trust Funds 14
Trust Fund Developments in the 1990s 23
Notes 32
2 Flexible Financing 35
Experience-Rating Statutes 36
The Computation Lag 37
The Structure of Tax Rates: Minimums, Maximums,
and Ranges 38
Maximum Tax Rate Schedules and Tax Capacity 44
Solvency Provisions in State UI Laws 53
Empirical Analyses of Flexible Financing 62
Empirical Measures of Tax Responsiveness 62
A Six-State Simulation Analysis of Solvency Taxes 65
Flexible Financing in Pennsylvania 67
Some Final Comments on Flexible Financing 70
Notes 73
3 Tax-Base Indexing 77
An Overview of Tax-Base Indexing 77
Some Effects of Tax-Base Indexing 84
Maintaining Tax Capacity 85
The Distribution of Actual versus Statutory Tax Rates 90
Maintaining Reserves in the Long Run 95
Maintaining Reserves During Recessions 96
Summary 97
Notes 98
iii
4 Financing Unemployment Insurance Debts 99
Background 99
Financing with U.S. Treasury Loans 100
State Bond Issues 104
State Experiences with Bond Issues 110
The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Alternatives 118
Interest Rate Spreads 118
The Costs of Issues 119
The Costs of Debt Repayment 120
Flexibility 120
Uncertainties for Debtor States 121
Some Cost Comparisons 124
Summary 127
Notes 129
5 State Reserve Funds 133
A Description of State Reserve Funds 134
Legislative Considerations 136
Conformity Issues 138
Four State Reserve Funds 140
State Experiences with Reserve Funds 142
Summary 144
Notes 144
6 Conclusions 147
Appendix A 149
Appendix B 151
References 157
Author Index 159
Subject Index 161
iv
LIST OF TABLES
1-1 State UI Trust Fund Reserves and Borrowing 20
1-2 Average State Unemployment Rate Ratios
during Recent Recessions 24
1-3 Changes in Reserve Ratio Multiples during Recent Recessions 25
1-4 Net Reserves and Reserve Ratio Multiples by State,
December 1989 to December 1996 26
2-1 Computation Lags and New Tax Schedule Dates, 1966 to 1996 39
2-2 Distribution of Minimum UI Tax Rates, 1966 to 1996 41
2-3 Distribution of Maximum UI Tax Rates, 1966 to 1996 42
2-4 Distribution of the Range of UI Tax Rates, 1966 to 1996 43
2-5 Tax Capacity for the Top Experience-Rated Tax Schedules,
1986 and 1996 46
2-6 Evolution of UI Solvency Taxes 55
2-7 UI Flexible Financing Features Other Than Solvency Taxes
on Employers 59
2-8 Averages of Tax Responsiveness Measures 64
3-1 Tax-Base Indexing in Individual States through 1996 81
3-2 Total Tax Capacity for the Top Rated Tax Schedules Plus
Solvency Taxes, 1986 and 1996 87
3-3 Statutory Tax Rates, Effective Tax Rates, and Taxable Wage
Proportions, 1986 and 1996 91
4-1 Selected Interest Rates and Interest Rate Spreads, 1975-1996 106
4-2 Summary of Louisiana s UI Trust Fund Activities,
1979 to 1994 112
4-3 Summary of West Virginia s UI Trust Fund Activities,
1979 to 1994 115
4-4 Comparisons of Bond Issues and Title XII Loans for
Louisiana and West Virginia 126
5-1 Key Provisions of Reserve Funds in Four States 141
B-l Regressions Explaining Recession-Related Changes in
Trust Fund Reserve Ratio Multiples 154
v
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
The Author viii
Overview 1
1 The History of State UI Financing 5
The Legal and Institutional Framework 5
Funding Strategies and Concepts 10
Advance Funding 10
Pay-As-You-Go Funding 12
Major Historical Developments in State Trust Funds 14
Trust Fund Developments in the 1990s 23
Notes 32
2 Flexible Financing 35
Experience-Rating Statutes 36
The Computation Lag 37
The Structure of Tax Rates: Minimums, Maximums,
and Ranges 38
Maximum Tax Rate Schedules and Tax Capacity 44
Solvency Provisions in State UI Laws 53
Empirical Analyses of Flexible Financing 62
Empirical Measures of Tax Responsiveness 62
A Six-State Simulation Analysis of Solvency Taxes 65
Flexible Financing in Pennsylvania 67
Some Final Comments on Flexible Financing 70
Notes 73
3 Tax-Base Indexing 77
An Overview of Tax-Base Indexing 77
Some Effects of Tax-Base Indexing 84
Maintaining Tax Capacity 85
The Distribution of Actual versus Statutory Tax Rates 90
Maintaining Reserves in the Long Run 95
Maintaining Reserves During Recessions 96
Summary 97
Notes 98
iii
4 Financing Unemployment Insurance Debts 99
Background 99
Financing with U.S. Treasury Loans 100
State Bond Issues 104
State Experiences with Bond Issues 110
The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Alternatives 118
Interest Rate Spreads 118
The Costs of Issues 119
The Costs of Debt Repayment 120
Flexibility 120
Uncertainties for Debtor States 121
Some Cost Comparisons 124
Summary 127
Notes 129
5 State Reserve Funds 133
A Description of State Reserve Funds 134
Legislative Considerations 136
Conformity Issues 138
Four State Reserve Funds 140
State Experiences with Reserve Funds 142
Summary 144
Notes 144
6 Conclusions 147
Appendix A 149
Appendix B 151
References 157
Author Index 159
Subject Index 161
iv
LIST OF TABLES
1-1 State UI Trust Fund Reserves and Borrowing 20
1-2 Average State Unemployment Rate Ratios
during Recent Recessions 24
1-3 Changes in Reserve Ratio Multiples during Recent Recessions 25
1-4 Net Reserves and Reserve Ratio Multiples by State,
December 1989 to December 1996 26
2-1 Computation Lags and New Tax Schedule Dates, 1966 to 1996 39
2-2 Distribution of Minimum UI Tax Rates, 1966 to 1996 41
2-3 Distribution of Maximum UI Tax Rates, 1966 to 1996 42
2-4 Distribution of the Range of UI Tax Rates, 1966 to 1996 43
2-5 Tax Capacity for the Top Experience-Rated Tax Schedules,
1986 and 1996 46
2-6 Evolution of UI Solvency Taxes 55
2-7 UI Flexible Financing Features Other Than Solvency Taxes
on Employers 59
2-8 Averages of Tax Responsiveness Measures 64
3-1 Tax-Base Indexing in Individual States through 1996 81
3-2 Total Tax Capacity for the Top Rated Tax Schedules Plus
Solvency Taxes, 1986 and 1996 87
3-3 Statutory Tax Rates, Effective Tax Rates, and Taxable Wage
Proportions, 1986 and 1996 91
4-1 Selected Interest Rates and Interest Rate Spreads, 1975-1996 106
4-2 Summary of Louisiana's UI Trust Fund Activities,
1979 to 1994 112
4-3 Summary of West Virginia's UI Trust Fund Activities,
1979 to 1994 115
4-4 Comparisons of Bond Issues and Title XII Loans for
Louisiana and West Virginia 126
5-1 Key Provisions of Reserve Funds in Four States 141
B-l Regressions Explaining Recession-Related Changes in
Trust Fund Reserve Ratio Multiples 154
v |
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| spelling | Vroman, Wayne Verfasser aut Topics in unemployment insurance financing Wayne Vroman Kalamazoo, Mich. Upjohn Inst. for Employment Research 1998 VIII, 173 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Insurance, Unemployment -- United States -- States -- Finance Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 gnd rswk-swf Arbeitslosenversicherung (DE-588)4137265-7 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 s Arbeitslosenversicherung (DE-588)4137265-7 s USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016842193&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Vroman, Wayne Topics in unemployment insurance financing Insurance, Unemployment -- United States -- States -- Finance Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 gnd Arbeitslosenversicherung (DE-588)4137265-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4017182-6 (DE-588)4137265-7 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Topics in unemployment insurance financing |
| title_auth | Topics in unemployment insurance financing |
| title_exact_search | Topics in unemployment insurance financing |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Topics in unemployment insurance financing |
| title_full | Topics in unemployment insurance financing Wayne Vroman |
| title_fullStr | Topics in unemployment insurance financing Wayne Vroman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Topics in unemployment insurance financing Wayne Vroman |
| title_short | Topics in unemployment insurance financing |
| title_sort | topics in unemployment insurance financing |
| topic | Insurance, Unemployment -- United States -- States -- Finance Finanzierung (DE-588)4017182-6 gnd Arbeitslosenversicherung (DE-588)4137265-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Insurance, Unemployment -- United States -- States -- Finance Finanzierung Arbeitslosenversicherung USA |
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