The enlarged European Union:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Harlow, Essex <<[u.a.]>>
Longman
1996
|
| Edition: | 2. impr. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XI, 419 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0582081157 |
Staff View
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Contents
1. Introduction: towards the new Europe? 1
The process of European integration 2
Limitations of the traditional theories of integration 2
The history of the European Union 7
Notes and references 13
Further reading 13
2. Making the European Union work? 14
The role of the institutions in the decision-making process of the European Union 14
The principle of subsidiarity 19
The democratic deficit 21
Review of the roles of the EU institutions 23
Conclusions 49
References 50
Further reading 50
Appendix 1 51
3. What has the Single Market achieved? 52
Introduction 52
Economic integration in the EU 52
The theory of customs unions 54
The dynamic effects of Customs Union membership 56
The completion of the Single Market 58
The basis of the Single Market 59
The Single Market campaign 59
The gains from completing the Single Market 66
Achievements of the Single Market 68
Foreign direct investment (FDI) 68
Stage Two of the Single Market 70
iv Contents
The Commission's strategy for the second stage 71
What still needs to be done? 71
Conclusions 75
Notes and references 76
Further reading 76
Appendix 1 77
4. A common and integrated Transport Policy 78
Introduction 78
The basis of policy 79
The rationale for a Common Transport Policy 79
External relations 80
Changed patterns of demand 81
The completion of the Single Market 83
Liberalising road haulage 84
Paying for infrastructure 85
Harmonisation issues 86
The costs and benefits of liberalisation 87
Maritime cabotage 88
Airline deregulation 88
The development of civil aviation 88
The US experience 90
The airline industry in financial crisis 92
A free market for civil aviation 93
The problem of state aid 95
New competition is limited by congestion in the major airports 96
Trans-European networks 97
Conclusions 100
References 100
Further reading 101
5. Free movement of people? 102
Introduction 102
Migration by Europeans 102
Future patterns of migration 106
Why free movement of people? 107
Obstacles to free movement of people 109
Obstacles to the movement of the retired population 110
Will movement contribute to social cohesion? 112
Towards a Common Migration Policy? 113
Conclusions 115
References 116
Further reading 116
Contents v
6. Monetary integration in the European Union 117
Introduction 117
Monetary integration 118
The exchange problem 119
The failure of floating exchange rates 119
The causes of exchange rate instability 121
The first attempt at EMU 123
The European Monetary System 124
The developing European currency unit 127
The EMS in operation 128
The EMS in crisis 131
Faults with the EMS 132
Moving towards EMU 133
Moving towards the adoption of a single currency 134
Sovereignty 139
Regional problems 139
The multi-speed Europe 140
Conclusions 140
References 141
Further reading 141
7. Paying for integration: the budget of the European Union 143
Introduction 143
Budgetary decision-making 144
The role of the budget 145
The case for increasing the size of the budget 146
Income 148
Expenditure 149
The budget in crisis 150
The Delors II package 151
Agricultural spending 152
Structural funds 153
Internal policies 154
External policies 154
Winners and losers 155
Getting better value for money 157
The fight against fraud 157
Misuse of resources 158
The budgetary consequences of enlargement 159
Conclusions 161
Notes and references 161
Further reading 162
vi Contents
8. The reformed Common Agricultural Policy 163
Introduction 163
The rationale for agricultural support 164
The development of the CAP 166
The structure of EU agriculture 167
The importance of agriculture 168
Decision-making in agriculture 169
Operating the CAP 170
The mechanism for support 170
Selling into intervention 171
The relationship between intervention and threshold prices 172
Representative rates (green money) 172
Background 173
National prices 174
Reforming green money 174
The crisis of over-production 176
The cost of the CAP 178
National compensation schemes 180
The cost to the consumer 180
Agriculture incomes 181
Reform of the CAP 182
Reform in action - the case of milk quotas 183
The MacSharry reforms 185
Cereals 186
Animal products 188
Measures to support the reforms 188
The impact of the reforms 189
The income effects of CAP reform 190
Conclusions 192
References 192
Further reading 193
9. The Common Fisheries Policy: a failure of implementation 194
Introduction 194
The structure of the industry 195
The rationale for a Common Fisheries Policy 196
Failed attempts at international cooperation 198
Extending fisheries limits 199
Objectives of the CFP 200
The development of the CFP 200
Operating the CFP 204
Conclusions 210
References 211
Further reading 211
Contents vii
10. Competition Policy in the EU 212
Introduction 212
Restrictive practices and Article 85 213
Dominant firms and Article 86 215
Implementing policy 215
The role of the Commission 216
Judicial control of the Commission 217
Mergers and acquisitions 217
Merger legislation 219
Conclusions 221
References 222
Further reading 222
11. Industrial Policy in the EU 223
Introduction 223
National policy 224
The scope of EU policy 225
The rationale for an EU Industrial Policy 225
Promoting competitiveness 226
State aids 228
The EU and state aids 229
State aids and the national political process 232
Nationalised industries 233
State aids and the international economy 233
The restructuring of EU industry - the case of steel 234
The EU's measures 235
Other policy areas 239
Conclusions 240
References 241
Further reading 242
12. Promoting new technology in the European Union 243
Introduction 243
Europe and global competition 245
The rationale of intervention in promoting new technology 247
Collaboration as a strategy 248
Collaboration in action 250
The European Union's response 252
The Framework Programmes 253
Information technology and collaboration 255
The ESPRIT programme 255
Evaluating the success of ESPRIT 257
Globalisation as an alternative 258
viii Contents
The European computer industry in the 1990s 259
Alternative responses 259
High technology and protectionism - the case of HDTV 260
Conclusions 261
References 262
Further reading 262
13. European Union Regional Policy: narrowing the gap? 263
Introduction 263
The regional problem 264
Regional policy within the Member States 266
The rationale for a European Union Regional Policy 267
Reasons for EU intervention to assist the regions 267
Regional impact of other European Union policies 268
The completion of the Single Market 268
Impact of other policies on the lagging regions 270
The development of European Union Regional Policy 271
The impact of the third enlargement of the European Union 274
European Union-defined priorities for action 275
Effectiveness of Regional Policy 1988-1993 277
Issues that emerged following the 1988 reforms 277
The principle of additionality 278
Regional support 1994-1999 280
Effectiveness of the 1993 revisions of the Structural Funds regulations 283
The Cohesion Fund 285
Allocation of funds 286
Predominance of national interests 287
Regional Policy in the future 288
What can be done with the tools at the EU's disposal? 288
Conclusions 290
References 291
Further reading 291
14. European Union Policy on the Environment: are we all environmentalist now? 293
Introduction 293
Achievements of EU Environmental Policy 294
The search for sustainable development 294
Legal basis of the Policy 295
Economic rationale 298
Socio-political basis for EU action 299
The development of European Union Environmental Policy 301
The European Union's Environmental Action Programmes (EAPs) 301
Financial support from the European Union for environmental protection measures 303
The effectiveness of the Policy 305
Contents ix
Lack of commitment among the Member States 305
Legal compliance with legislation 307
Enforcement of legislation 308
The European Environment Agency 309
The case for an EU environmental inspectorate 310
The role of industry in the EU's strategy to achieve sustainable development 310
Partnership to promote EU environmental objectives 311
Market-based instruments to protect the environment 312
The use of taxation 314
Applying the principle of subsidiarity 315
Integrated pollution prevention and control 317
Conclusions 318
References 319
Further reading 319
15. European Union Social Policy: adding the social dimension to the European Union? 321
Introduction 321
The achievements of European Union Social Policy 322
The rationale for European Union Social Policy 323
The creation of the 'social dimension' 325
Factors that undermine the development of European Union Social Policy 327
History and development of European Union Social Policy 329
The role of the Social Charter in the Single Market 334
Revisions of the Social Fund 337
The Social Protocol - a tool to undermine European Union Social Policy? 338
The implications of the dual procedures for the future of Social Policy 339
Effectiveness of Social Policy 339
Promotion of employment 340
The White Paper on a Medium-Term Strategy for Growth, Competitiveness and
Employment, December 1993 341
The role of the European Social Fund 343
The 'social dialogue' - the European Union's framework for industrial relations 345
Social dialogue in the 1990s 346
Equal pay and equal opportunities 349
Towards a Europe of solidarity 352
Actions the European Union may take 353
Conclusions 355
References 356
Further reading 357
16. The European Union and the world trading system 358
Introduction 358
The rationale for a Common Commercial Policy 359
The decision-making process 359
x Contents
Protectionism and the global economy 360
Tariff barriers 361
Non-tariff barriers 362
Anti-dumping measures 365
Regional trade blocs 365
TheGATT 368
Trade negotiations 369
The GATT in practice 369
The Uruguay Round 370
The outcome of the Uruguay Round 370
The benefits of trade liberalisation 373
Implications for the EU 374
International trading relations 375
European Union—USA 376
European Union-Japan 377
EU agriculture in the world economy 378
The global problem 379
Trade tactics and agriculture 384
Conclusions 384
References 385
Further reading 385
17. Trade and development 386
Introduction 386
The EU's Development Policy 387
The hierarchy of privilege 387
EU-ACP cooperation 390
Aid and the ACP 391
Conclusions 392
References 393
Further reading 393
18. Expanding the EU eastwards 394
Introduction 394
Who qualifies for membership? 395
The rationale for expanding the EU 395
Preparing for membership 397
EU relations with Central and Eastern Europe 398
Regional cooperation in Central Europe 399
Foreign direct investment (FDI) 399
Problems of adopting the market economy 400
The Europe Agreements 401
Aid programmes to Eastern and Central Europe 403
Central Europe: the next enlargement? 405
Contents xi
Southern European states 407
Conclusions 408
References 409
Further reading 410
Index 411 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
1. Introduction: towards the new Europe? 1
The process of European integration 2
Limitations of the traditional theories of integration 2
The history of the European Union 7
Notes and references 13
Further reading 13
2. Making the European Union work? 14
The role of the institutions in the decision-making process of the European Union 14
The principle of subsidiarity 19
The democratic deficit 21
Review of the roles of the EU institutions 23
Conclusions 49
References 50
Further reading 50
Appendix 1 51
3. What has the Single Market achieved? 52
Introduction 52
Economic integration in the EU 52
The theory of customs unions 54
The dynamic effects of Customs Union membership 56
The completion of the Single Market 58
The basis of the Single Market 59
The Single Market campaign 59
The gains from completing the Single Market 66
Achievements of the Single Market 68
Foreign direct investment (FDI) 68
Stage Two of the Single Market 70
iv Contents
The Commission's strategy for the second stage 71
What still needs to be done? 71
Conclusions 75
Notes and references 76
Further reading 76
Appendix 1 77
4. A common and integrated Transport Policy 78
Introduction 78
The basis of policy 79
The rationale for a Common Transport Policy 79
External relations 80
Changed patterns of demand 81
The completion of the Single Market 83
Liberalising road haulage 84
Paying for infrastructure 85
Harmonisation issues 86
The costs and benefits of liberalisation 87
Maritime cabotage 88
Airline deregulation 88
The development of civil aviation 88
The US experience 90
The airline industry in financial crisis 92
A free market for civil aviation 93
The problem of state aid 95
New competition is limited by congestion in the major airports 96
Trans-European networks 97
Conclusions 100
References 100
Further reading 101
5. Free movement of people? 102
Introduction 102
Migration by Europeans 102
Future patterns of migration 106
Why free movement of people? 107
Obstacles to free movement of people 109
Obstacles to the movement of the retired population 110
Will movement contribute to social cohesion? 112
Towards a Common Migration Policy? 113
Conclusions 115
References 116
Further reading 116
Contents v
6. Monetary integration in the European Union 117
Introduction 117
Monetary integration 118
The exchange problem 119
The failure of floating exchange rates 119
The causes of exchange rate instability 121
The first attempt at EMU 123
The European Monetary System 124
The developing European currency unit 127
The EMS in operation 128
The EMS in crisis 131
Faults with the EMS 132
Moving towards EMU 133
Moving towards the adoption of a single currency 134
Sovereignty 139
Regional problems 139
The multi-speed Europe 140
Conclusions 140
References 141
Further reading 141
7. Paying for integration: the budget of the European Union 143
Introduction 143
Budgetary decision-making 144
The role of the budget 145
The case for increasing the size of the budget 146
Income 148
Expenditure 149
The budget in crisis 150
The Delors II package 151
Agricultural spending 152
Structural funds 153
Internal policies 154
External policies 154
Winners and losers 155
Getting better value for money 157
The fight against fraud 157
Misuse of resources 158
The budgetary consequences of enlargement 159
Conclusions 161
Notes and references 161
Further reading 162
vi Contents
8. The reformed Common Agricultural Policy 163
Introduction 163
The rationale for agricultural support 164
The development of the CAP 166
The structure of EU agriculture 167
The importance of agriculture 168
Decision-making in agriculture 169
Operating the CAP 170
The mechanism for support 170
Selling into intervention 171
The relationship between intervention and threshold prices 172
Representative rates (green money) 172
Background 173
National prices 174
Reforming green money 174
The crisis of over-production 176
The cost of the CAP 178
National compensation schemes 180
The cost to the consumer 180
Agriculture incomes 181
Reform of the CAP 182
Reform in action - the case of milk quotas 183
The MacSharry reforms 185
Cereals 186
Animal products 188
Measures to support the reforms 188
The impact of the reforms 189
The income effects of CAP reform 190
Conclusions 192
References 192
Further reading 193
9. The Common Fisheries Policy: a failure of implementation 194
Introduction 194
The structure of the industry 195
The rationale for a Common Fisheries Policy 196
Failed attempts at international cooperation 198
Extending fisheries limits 199
Objectives of the CFP 200
The development of the CFP 200
Operating the CFP 204
Conclusions 210
References 211
Further reading 211
Contents vii
10. Competition Policy in the EU 212
Introduction 212
Restrictive practices and Article 85 213
Dominant firms and Article 86 215
Implementing policy 215
The role of the Commission 216
Judicial control of the Commission 217
Mergers and acquisitions 217
Merger legislation 219
Conclusions 221
References 222
Further reading 222
11. Industrial Policy in the EU 223
Introduction 223
National policy 224
The scope of EU policy 225
The rationale for an EU Industrial Policy 225
Promoting competitiveness 226
State aids 228
The EU and state aids 229
State aids and the national political process 232
Nationalised industries 233
State aids and the international economy 233
The restructuring of EU industry - the case of steel 234
The EU's measures 235
Other policy areas 239
Conclusions 240
References 241
Further reading 242
12. Promoting new technology in the European Union 243
Introduction 243
Europe and global competition 245
The rationale of intervention in promoting new technology 247
Collaboration as a strategy 248
Collaboration in action 250
The European Union's response 252
The Framework Programmes 253
Information technology and collaboration 255
The ESPRIT programme 255
Evaluating the success of ESPRIT 257
Globalisation as an alternative 258
viii Contents
The European computer industry in the 1990s 259
Alternative responses 259
High technology and protectionism - the case of HDTV 260
Conclusions 261
References 262
Further reading 262
13. European Union Regional Policy: narrowing the gap? 263
Introduction 263
The regional problem 264
Regional policy within the Member States 266
The rationale for a European Union Regional Policy 267
Reasons for EU intervention to assist the regions 267
Regional impact of other European Union policies 268
The completion of the Single Market 268
Impact of other policies on the lagging regions 270
The development of European Union Regional Policy 271
The impact of the third enlargement of the European Union 274
European Union-defined priorities for action 275
Effectiveness of Regional Policy 1988-1993 277
Issues that emerged following the 1988 reforms 277
The principle of additionality 278
Regional support 1994-1999 280
Effectiveness of the 1993 revisions of the Structural Funds regulations 283
The Cohesion Fund 285
Allocation of funds 286
Predominance of national interests 287
Regional Policy in the future 288
What can be done with the tools at the EU's disposal? 288
Conclusions 290
References 291
Further reading 291
14. European Union Policy on the Environment: are we all environmentalist now? 293
Introduction 293
Achievements of EU Environmental Policy 294
The search for sustainable development 294
Legal basis of the Policy 295
Economic rationale 298
Socio-political basis for EU action 299
The development of European Union Environmental Policy 301
The European Union's Environmental Action Programmes (EAPs) 301
Financial support from the European Union for environmental protection measures 303
The effectiveness of the Policy 305
Contents ix
Lack of commitment among the Member States 305
Legal compliance with legislation 307
Enforcement of legislation 308
The European Environment Agency 309
The case for an EU environmental inspectorate 310
The role of industry in the EU's strategy to achieve sustainable development 310
Partnership to promote EU environmental objectives 311
Market-based instruments to protect the environment 312
The use of taxation 314
Applying the principle of subsidiarity 315
Integrated pollution prevention and control 317
Conclusions 318
References 319
Further reading 319
15. European Union Social Policy: adding the social dimension to the European Union? 321
Introduction 321
The achievements of European Union Social Policy 322
The rationale for European Union Social Policy 323
The creation of the 'social dimension' 325
Factors that undermine the development of European Union Social Policy 327
History and development of European Union Social Policy 329
The role of the Social Charter in the Single Market 334
Revisions of the Social Fund 337
The Social Protocol - a tool to undermine European Union Social Policy? 338
The implications of the dual procedures for the future of Social Policy 339
Effectiveness of Social Policy 339
Promotion of employment 340
The White Paper on a Medium-Term Strategy for Growth, Competitiveness and
Employment, December 1993 341
The role of the European Social Fund 343
The 'social dialogue' - the European Union's framework for industrial relations 345
Social dialogue in the 1990s 346
Equal pay and equal opportunities 349
Towards a Europe of solidarity 352
Actions the European Union may take 353
Conclusions 355
References 356
Further reading 357
16. The European Union and the world trading system 358
Introduction 358
The rationale for a Common Commercial Policy 359
The decision-making process 359
x Contents
Protectionism and the global economy 360
Tariff barriers 361
Non-tariff barriers 362
Anti-dumping measures 365
Regional trade blocs 365
TheGATT 368
Trade negotiations 369
The GATT in practice 369
The Uruguay Round 370
The outcome of the Uruguay Round 370
The benefits of trade liberalisation 373
Implications for the EU 374
International trading relations 375
European Union—USA 376
European Union-Japan 377
EU agriculture in the world economy 378
The global problem 379
Trade tactics and agriculture 384
Conclusions 384
References 385
Further reading 385
17. Trade and development 386
Introduction 386
The EU's Development Policy 387
The hierarchy of privilege 387
EU-ACP cooperation 390
Aid and the ACP 391
Conclusions 392
References 393
Further reading 393
18. Expanding the EU eastwards 394
Introduction 394
Who qualifies for membership? 395
The rationale for expanding the EU 395
Preparing for membership 397
EU relations with Central and Eastern Europe 398
Regional cooperation in Central Europe 399
Foreign direct investment (FDI) 399
Problems of adopting the market economy 400
The Europe Agreements 401
Aid programmes to Eastern and Central Europe 403
Central Europe: the next enlargement? 405
Contents xi
Southern European states 407
Conclusions 408
References 409
Further reading 410
Index 411 |
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| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries -- Politics and government European Union countries -- Economic policy European Union countries -- Social policy |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries -- Politics and government European Union countries -- Economic policy European Union countries -- Social policy |
| id | DE-604.BV023507414 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:30:52Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:23:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0582081157 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016831346 |
| oclc_num | 742575647 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 |
| physical | XI, 419 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Longman |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Barnes, Ian 1946-2014 Verfasser (DE-588)173356451 aut The enlarged European Union Ian Barnes and Pamela M. Barnes 2. impr. Harlow, Essex <<[u.a.]>> Longman 1996 XI, 419 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Politik Wirtschaftspolitik European Union Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries -- Politics and government European Union countries -- Economic policy European Union countries -- Social policy Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b DE-604 Barnes, Pamela M. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016831346&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Barnes, Ian 1946-2014 Barnes, Pamela M. The enlarged European Union Europäische Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Politik Wirtschaftspolitik European Union |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 |
| title | The enlarged European Union |
| title_auth | The enlarged European Union |
| title_exact_search | The enlarged European Union |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The enlarged European Union |
| title_full | The enlarged European Union Ian Barnes and Pamela M. Barnes |
| title_fullStr | The enlarged European Union Ian Barnes and Pamela M. Barnes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The enlarged European Union Ian Barnes and Pamela M. Barnes |
| title_short | The enlarged European Union |
| title_sort | the enlarged european union |
| topic | Europäische Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Politik Wirtschaftspolitik European Union |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Politik Wirtschaftspolitik European Union Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries -- Politics and government European Union countries -- Economic policy European Union countries -- Social policy |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016831346&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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