Reducing CO 2 emissions: a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest
Springer
1993
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 278 - 285 |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 300 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 3540559477 0387559477 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Reducing CO 2 emissions |b a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables |c J. L. R. Proops ; M. Faber ; G. Wagenhals. In Cooperation with S. Speck ... |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Reducing CO2 emissions |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest |b Springer |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 300 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 278 - 285 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Mathematisches Modell | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Germany | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Germany | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- Mathematical models | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138145550172160 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 THE STUDY . 3 1.2
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING 3 1.2.1 THE NATURAL GREENHOUSE
EFFECT 3 1.2.2 THE ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE EFFECT 5 1.2.3 THE EVIDENCE
FOR GLOBAL WARMING 6 1.3 INDUSTRIALISATION AND THE CONTROL OF NATURE 7
1.4 THE DIFFICULTY OF POLITICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF CO 2 TARGETS 11 1.4.1
WISH AND WILL: THE NEED FOR CONSENSUS 12 1.4.2 REDUCTIONS IN CO 2
EMISSIONS: LOCAL, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVELS .;. 13 1.5 PRACTICAL
IMPLEMENTATION OF CO 2 REDUCTION 15 1.6 THE CONTENTS OF THE BOOK 17 2
CONCEPTS AND METHODS FOR THE STUDY 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION 19 2.2 OUR POINT
OF DEPARTURE 19 2.3 THE CO 2 PROBLEM 20 2.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC MODELLING 21 2.4.1 EMPIRICAL FOUNDATIONS 22 2.4.2
TIME 23 2.4.3 NATURAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 23 2.4.4 NON-LINEAR
RELATIONSHIPS 24 2.4.5 PRODUCTION 24 2.4.6 DEMAND 25 2.4.7 QUANTITIES
AND PRICES 25 2.4.8 MODELLING EX POST AND EX ANTE 26 2.5 OUR AIMS 26 2.6
OUR METHOD 27 PART IL UNDERSTANDING CO 2 EMISSIONS 31 3 THE PROBLEM OF
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CO 2 EMISSIONS 33 3.1 INTRODUCTION 33 3.2 THE NATURE
OF THE PROBLEM 33 3.3 THE EVIDENCE 34 3.3.1 GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS 34 3.4 HISTORICAL TRENDS 36 3.4.1 CONVERSION UNITS 36 3.4.2
DATA ON ENERGY USE, CO 2 EMISSIONS AND GDP 37 3.5 REVIEW OF CO 2
MODELLING IN THE ECONOMICS LITERATURE 40 3.5.1 FACTORS DETERMINING CO 2
EMISSIONS 41 3.5.1.1 OUTPUT AND POPULATION GROWTH 42 3.5.1.2 ENERGY
EFFICIENCY 42 3.5.1.3 ENERGY PRICE 42 3.5.1.4 BACK-STOP TECHNOLOGIES 43
3.5.2 KEY DETERMINANTS OF THE COSTS OF ABATING GHG EMISSIONS ... 43
3.5.3 EMISSION REDUCTION SCENARIOS 44 3.5.3.1 REDUCTION TARGETS 44
3.5.3.2 POLICY INSTRUMENTS 45 3.5.3.3 GROWTH EFFECTS 45 3.6 OUTLOOK AND
CONCLUSIONS 45 4 DECOMPOSING THE RATE OF CHANGE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS 47 4.1
INTRODUCTION 47 4.2 UNDERSTANDING THE TIME STRUCTURE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS
47 4.2.1 THE INFLUENTIAL VARIABLES 48 4.3 CO 2 EMISSIONS AS A PRODUCT OF
SEVERAL VARIABLES 48 4.4 DECOMPOSING THE COMPONENTS OF CO 2 EMISSION
CHANGES 49 4.4.1 NECESSARY EXTENSIONS TO THE TECHNIQUE 51 4.5 THE RATES
OF CHANGE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS 51 4.6 CONCLUSIONS 54 A4 APPENDIX:
DECOMPOSITION WITH DIFFERENCING 55 A4.1 INTRODUCTION 55 A4.2 THE
DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH TO DECOMPOSITION 55 A4.3 APPROXIMATING THE
DIFFERENTIAL WITH THE DIFFERENCE 57 A4.4 RESOLVING AMBIGUITY: FORWARD,
BACKWARD AND CENTRAL DIFFERENCES 57 A4.5 CALCULATING THE DIFFERENCING
REMAINDER TERM 59 A4.6 DIFFERENCING ERROR-PRONE EMPIRICAL DATA 61 5 CO 2
EMISSIONS BY GERMANY AND THE UK 64 5.1 INTRODUCTION .. 64 5.2 ENERGY
USE, CO 2 EMISSION AND GDP FOR GERMANY AND THE UK 64 5.2.1 DATA SOURCES
65 5.2.2 THE CO 2 /ENERGY RATIO AND THE FUEL MIX 66 5.3 ENERGY USE AND
GDP 67 5.4 ENERGY USE AND CO 2 EMISSION BY FUEL TYPES 70 5.5 ENERGY USE
AND CO 2 EMISSION BY HOUSEHOLDS AND IN PRODUCTION 71 5.6 PRODUCTION CO 2
EMISSION BY SECTOR 72 5.7 DECOMPOSITION OF GERMAN AND UK CO 2 EMISSION
CHANGES 74 5.7.1 DECOMPOSITION OF TOTAL CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 74 5.7.2
DECOMPOSITION OF PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 76 5.7.3
DECOMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLDS CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 77 5.7.4
DECOMPOSITION OF TOTAL CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 78 5.8 SECTORAL
DECOMPOSITION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 79 5.8.1 DECOMPOSITION OF
OVERALL RATES OF CHANGE OF CO 2 EMISSION BY SECTORS 82 5.8.2
DECOMPOSITION OF AGGREGATE CO 2 EMISSION CHANGES 83 5.8.3 A FULL
SECTORAL DECOMPOSITION OF UK PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 86 5.9
CONCLUSIONS 87 PART III. MODELLING APPROACH 89 6 A FRAMEWORK FOR
MODELLING PRODUCTION 91 6.1 INTRODUCTION 91 6.2 INVENTION, INNOVATION
AND IRREVERSIBILITY 91 6.3 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS VS. PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS 92
6.4 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS AND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 95 6.4.1 INPUT-OUTPUT
ANALYSIS AND NATIONAL ACCOUNTING 96 6.4.2 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS AND DYNAMICS
97 6.5 INPUT-OUTPUT APPROACHES VERSUS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS 97 6.6
CONCLUSIONS 98 7 INPUT-OUTPUT METHODS 99 7.1 INTRODUCTION 99 7.2
INTER-INDUSTRY TRADING AND INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 99 7.2.1 A TWO SECTOR
INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL 100 7.2.2 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS AS THE PRODUCTION
ASSUMPTION 101 7.2.3 OUTPUT STRUCTURE IN EQUATION FORM 103 7.3 MATRIX
REPRESENTATION 104 7.3.1 THE UNIT MATRIX AND MATRIX INVERSION 105 7.3.2
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS IN MATRIX FORM 106 7.4 THE INPUT-OUTPUT
MODEL IN MATRIX FORM 107 7.4.1 RECONSTRUCTING THE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE 109
7.5 DECOMPOSING DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS ILL 7.6 PRICES IN
INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS 113 7.6.1 VALUES AND PRICES IN INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
114 7.7 CONSTRUCTING INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES FROM VALUE-BASED DATA 116 7.7.1
DEFLATING INPUT-OUTPUT COEFFICIENTS 118 7.8 INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES AND
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 119 8 THE ANALYSIS OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH INPUT-OUTPUT
METHODS 121 8.1 INTRODUCTION 121 8.2 THE INPUT-OUTPUT ASSESSMENT OF CO 2
EMISSIONS 121 8.2.1 AN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS
122 8.2.2 AN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF FINAL DEMAND CO 2 EMISSIONS 124 8.2.3
PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM NON-FOSSIL FUEL SOURCES 125 8.2.4 AN
EQUATION FOR TOTAL CO 2 EMISSIONS 127 8.3 COMPARING CO 2 EMISSIONS OVER
TIME AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES 128 8.4 IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND ATTRIBUTABLE
CO 2 EMISSIONS 131 8.4.1 EXPORTS AND THE ATTRIBUTION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS
131 8.4.2 IMPORTS AND THE ATTRIBUTION OF C0 2 EMISSIONS 132 8.4.3
CALCULATING CO 2 EMISSION IN A 2-REGION, N-SECTOR ECONOMY 133 8.5 THE
SENSITIVITY OF CO 2 EMISSIONS TO CHANGED PARAMETERS 138 8.5.1 THE
ELASTICITIES OF CO 2 EMISSION WITH THE PARAMETERS 139 8.5.2 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSION WITH RESPECT TO A IJ .... 140 8.5.3 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO C IJ .. 142 8.5.4 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO P IJ .. 143 8.5.5 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO Y I ... 143 8.5.6 THE
ELASTICITIES OF CO 2 EMISSIONS 144 8.5.7 THE ELASTICITIES OF CO 2
EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO A J AND A I 144 8.6 CONCLUSIONS 146 PART IV.
DATA ANALYSIS 147 9 GERMAN AND UK INPUT-OUTPUT DATA FOR STUDYING CO 2
EMISSIONS 149 9.1 INTRODUCTION 149 9.2 THE DATA REQUIREMENTS 149 9.3
DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 150 9.3.1 THE AGGREGATION OF THE
INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 151 9.4 DATA SOURCES USED 152 9.4.1 PRODUCTION OF
THE A MATRICES FOR GERMANY 152 9.4.2 PRODUCTION OF THE A MATRICES FOR
THE UK 152 9.4.3 PRODUCTION OF THE C MATRICES FOR GERMANY 153 9.4.4
PRODUCTION OF THE C MATRICES FOR THE UK V ..... 153 9.4.5 PRODUCTION OF
THE P MATRICES FOR GERMANY 154 9.4.6 PRODUCTION OF THE P MATRICES FOR
THE UK 155 9.4.7 PRODUCTION OF THE Z MATRICES FOR GERMANY 155 9.4.8
PRODUCTION OF THE Z MATRICES FOR THE UK 155 9.4.9 PRODUCTION OF THE E
VECTOR FOR GERMANY 155 9.4.10 PRODUCTION OF THE E VECTOR FOR THE UK 156
9.4.11 PRODUCTION OF THE M VECTORS FOR GERMANY 156 9.4.12 PRODUCTION OF
THE M VECTORS FOR THE UK 156 9.4.13 PRODUCTION OF THE B MATRICES FOR
GERMANY 156 9.4.14 PRODUCTION OF THE B MATRICES FOR THE UK 156 9.4.15
PRODUCTION OF THE U VECTORS AND Y FOR GERMANY 156 9.4.16 PRODUCTION OF
THE U VECTORS AND Y FOR THE UK 157 9.4.17 FURTHER ADJUSTMENT OF THE UK
DATA 157 9.5 THE STRUCTURE OF CO 2 EMISSION: GERMANY 1988 157 9.5.1 THE
NATURE OF INPUT-OUTPUT DATA 157 9.5.2 THE BASIC DATA USED IN THE
ANALYSIS 158 9.5.3 THE CO 2 INTENSITIES 158 9.5.4 ATTRIBUTED CO 2
EMISSIONS 161 9.5.5 CO 2 INTENSITIES AND EMISSIONS BY SECTOR 164 9.5.6
CO 2 EMISSION ELASTICITIES 164 9.6 CONCLUSIONS 169 10 INPUT-OUTPUT
ANALYSIS OF GERMAN AND UK C0 2 EMISSIONS 170 10.1 INTRODUCTION 170 10.2
ATTRIBUTION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS BY GERMANY AND THE UK .... 170 10.3
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: CO 2 EMISSION AND RESPONSIBILITY ... 174 10.4
CHANGES IN CO 2 EMISSION OVER TIME 177 10.4.1 THE FULL SECTORAL
DECOMPOSITION 179 10.4.2 THE AGGREGATE DECOMPOSITION 183 10.5
DIFFERENCES IN CO 2 EMISSIONS BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UK 188 10.6
CONCLUSIONS 192 ALO APPENDIX: DECOMPOSITION OF CHANGES IN CO 2 EMISSIONS
193 A10.1 INTRODUCTION 193 A10.2 TABLES 193 PART V. SCENARIOS 203 11
SCENARIO SIMULATIONS 205 11.1 INTRODUCTION 205 11.2 CHANGING THE
STRUCTURE OF FINAL DEMAND 206 11.2.1 FINAL DEMAND FOR NON-FUEL GOODS 206
11.2.2 FINAL DEMAND FOR FUELS 207 11.2.3 FROM PRIVATE TO PUBLIC
TRANSPORT 208 11.2.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 209 11.2.5 CONCLUSION 210 11.3
CHANGING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY 210 11.3.1 EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL FUEL
USE 211 11.3.1.1. ELECTRICITY GENERATION 211 11.3.1.2 IRON AND STEEL
INDUSTRY 212 11.3.1.3 BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY 212 11.3.1.4 FOOD
PROCESSING INDUSTRY 213 11.3.1.5 SIMULATION RESULTS 213 11.3.2
EFFICIENCY OF DIRECT FINAL DEMAND FUEL USE 214 11.3.2.1 HOUSING
INSULATION 214 11.3.2.2 HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 215 11.3.2.3 DISTRICT
HEATING 215 11.3.2.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 215 11.3.3 CONCLUSION 216 11.4
CHANGING THE FUEL MIX 216 11.4.1 NATURAL GAS 217 11.4.2 NON-FOSSIL FUELS
218 11.4.2.1 NUCLEAR ENERGY 219 11.4.2.2 CONCLUSION 220 11.4.2.3
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 220 11.4.3 CONCLUSION 222 11.4.4 SIMULATION
RESULTS 222 11.5 TREND EXTRAPOLATIONS 223 11.6 A SEQUENCE OF PLAUSIBLE
SCENARIOS 224 11.7 CONCLUSIONS 226 12 A MINIMUM DISRUPTION APPROACH TO
SCENARIO ANALYSIS 227 12.1 INTRODUCTION 227 12.2 THE MINIMUM
DISRUPTION APPROACH 227 12.3 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF FINAL DEMAND 229
12.3.1 THE CONSTRAINT ON CO 2 EMISSION REDUCTION 229 12.3.2 MINIMISING Y
DISRUPTION SUBJECT TO CO 2 EMISSION TARGET 230 12.3.3 SUBJECT TO CO 2
EMISSION TARGET AND GDP GROWTH TARGET 232 12.3.4 SUBJECT TO CO 2
EMISSION TARGET AND EMPLOYMENT TARGET 235 12.3.5 SUBJECT TO CO 2
EMISSION, GDP AND EMPLOYMENT TARGETS 238 12.4 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF
FUEL USE COEFFICIENTS 240 12.4.1 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF C, WITH
CONSTANT ENERGY EFFICIENCY 241 12.5 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF
INTER-INDUSTRY TRADING 244 12.6 CONCLUSIONS 246 13 MINIMUM DISRUPTION
SCENARIO SIMULATIONS 247 13.1 INTRODUCTION 247 13.2 DATA SOURCES 247
13.3 CHANGES IN FINAL DEMAND 248 13.3.1 CHANGES IN FINAL DEMAND WITH NO
OTHER CONSTRAINTS 248 13.3.2 DEMAND CHANGES WITH A GDP GROWTH CONSTRAINT
250 13.3.3 DEMAND CHANGES WITH AN EMPLOYMENT GROWTH CON- STRAINT 252
13.3.4 DEMAND CHANGES WITH GDP AND EMPLOYMENT GROWTH CONSTRAINTS 252
13.4 CHANGES IN FUEL MIX AND FUEL EFFICIENCY 255 13.4.1 CHANGE IN FUEL
MIX WITH NO CONSTRAINTS 257 13.4.2 CHANGE IN FUEL MIX WITH CONSTANT
ENERGY EFFI- CIENCY CONSTRAINT 257 13.5 CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF
INTER-INDUSTRY TRADING 264 13.6 CONCLUSIONS 267 PART VL POLICY 269 14
POLICY CONCLUSIONS FOR REDUCING CO 2 EMISSIONS 271 14.1 INTRODUCTION 271
14.2 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS 271 14.2.1 HISTORY 271 14.2.2 ANALYSIS 272 14.2.3
SCENARIOS 274 14.3 POLICY OVERVIEW 275 14.4 THE NEED FOR THE WILL 276
REFERENCES 278 AUTHOR INDEX 286 SUBJECT INDEX 289 LIST OF FIGURES 295
LIST OF TABLES 298
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 THE STUDY . 3 1.2
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING 3 1.2.1 THE NATURAL GREENHOUSE
EFFECT 3 1.2.2 THE ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE EFFECT 5 1.2.3 THE EVIDENCE
FOR GLOBAL WARMING 6 1.3 INDUSTRIALISATION AND THE CONTROL OF NATURE 7
1.4 THE DIFFICULTY OF POLITICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF CO 2 TARGETS 11 1.4.1
WISH AND WILL: THE NEED FOR CONSENSUS 12 1.4.2 REDUCTIONS IN CO 2
EMISSIONS: LOCAL, NATIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVELS .;. 13 1.5 PRACTICAL
IMPLEMENTATION OF CO 2 REDUCTION 15 1.6 THE CONTENTS OF THE BOOK 17 2
CONCEPTS AND METHODS FOR THE STUDY 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION 19 2.2 OUR POINT
OF DEPARTURE 19 2.3 THE CO 2 PROBLEM 20 2.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC MODELLING 21 2.4.1 EMPIRICAL FOUNDATIONS 22 2.4.2
TIME 23 2.4.3 NATURAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 23 2.4.4 NON-LINEAR
RELATIONSHIPS 24 2.4.5 PRODUCTION 24 2.4.6 DEMAND 25 2.4.7 QUANTITIES
AND PRICES 25 2.4.8 MODELLING EX POST AND EX ANTE 26 2.5 OUR AIMS 26 2.6
OUR METHOD 27 PART IL UNDERSTANDING CO 2 EMISSIONS 31 3 THE PROBLEM OF
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CO 2 EMISSIONS 33 3.1 INTRODUCTION 33 3.2 THE NATURE
OF THE PROBLEM 33 3.3 THE EVIDENCE 34 3.3.1 GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS 34 3.4 HISTORICAL TRENDS 36 3.4.1 CONVERSION UNITS 36 3.4.2
DATA ON ENERGY USE, CO 2 EMISSIONS AND GDP 37 3.5 REVIEW OF CO 2
MODELLING IN THE ECONOMICS LITERATURE 40 3.5.1 FACTORS DETERMINING CO 2
EMISSIONS 41 3.5.1.1 OUTPUT AND POPULATION GROWTH 42 3.5.1.2 ENERGY
EFFICIENCY 42 3.5.1.3 ENERGY PRICE 42 3.5.1.4 BACK-STOP TECHNOLOGIES 43
3.5.2 KEY DETERMINANTS OF THE COSTS OF ABATING GHG EMISSIONS . 43
3.5.3 EMISSION REDUCTION SCENARIOS 44 3.5.3.1 REDUCTION TARGETS 44
3.5.3.2 POLICY INSTRUMENTS 45 3.5.3.3 GROWTH EFFECTS 45 3.6 OUTLOOK AND
CONCLUSIONS 45 4 DECOMPOSING THE RATE OF CHANGE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS 47 4.1
INTRODUCTION 47 4.2 UNDERSTANDING THE TIME STRUCTURE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS
47 4.2.1 THE INFLUENTIAL VARIABLES 48 4.3 CO 2 EMISSIONS AS A PRODUCT OF
SEVERAL VARIABLES 48 4.4 DECOMPOSING THE COMPONENTS OF CO 2 EMISSION
CHANGES 49 4.4.1 NECESSARY EXTENSIONS TO THE TECHNIQUE 51 4.5 THE RATES
OF CHANGE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS 51 4.6 CONCLUSIONS 54 A4 APPENDIX:
DECOMPOSITION WITH DIFFERENCING 55 A4.1 INTRODUCTION 55 A4.2 THE
DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH TO DECOMPOSITION 55 A4.3 APPROXIMATING THE
DIFFERENTIAL WITH THE DIFFERENCE 57 A4.4 RESOLVING AMBIGUITY: FORWARD,
BACKWARD AND CENTRAL DIFFERENCES 57 A4.5 CALCULATING THE DIFFERENCING
REMAINDER TERM 59 A4.6 DIFFERENCING ERROR-PRONE EMPIRICAL DATA 61 5 CO 2
EMISSIONS BY GERMANY AND THE UK 64 5.1 INTRODUCTION . 64 5.2 ENERGY
USE, CO 2 EMISSION AND GDP FOR GERMANY AND THE UK 64 5.2.1 DATA SOURCES
65 5.2.2 THE CO 2 /ENERGY RATIO AND THE FUEL MIX 66 5.3 ENERGY USE AND
GDP 67 5.4 ENERGY USE AND CO 2 EMISSION BY FUEL TYPES 70 5.5 ENERGY USE
AND CO 2 EMISSION BY HOUSEHOLDS AND IN PRODUCTION 71 5.6 PRODUCTION CO 2
EMISSION BY SECTOR 72 5.7 DECOMPOSITION OF GERMAN AND UK CO 2 EMISSION
CHANGES 74 5.7.1 DECOMPOSITION OF TOTAL CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 74 5.7.2
DECOMPOSITION OF PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 76 5.7.3
DECOMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLDS CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 77 5.7.4
DECOMPOSITION OF TOTAL CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 78 5.8 SECTORAL
DECOMPOSITION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 79 5.8.1 DECOMPOSITION OF
OVERALL RATES OF CHANGE OF CO 2 EMISSION BY SECTORS 82 5.8.2
DECOMPOSITION OF AGGREGATE CO 2 EMISSION CHANGES 83 5.8.3 A FULL
SECTORAL DECOMPOSITION OF UK PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS CHANGES 86 5.9
CONCLUSIONS 87 PART III. MODELLING APPROACH 89 6 A FRAMEWORK FOR
MODELLING PRODUCTION 91 6.1 INTRODUCTION 91 6.2 INVENTION, INNOVATION
AND IRREVERSIBILITY 91 6.3 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS VS. PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS 92
6.4 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS AND INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS 95 6.4.1 INPUT-OUTPUT
ANALYSIS AND NATIONAL ACCOUNTING 96 6.4.2 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS AND DYNAMICS
97 6.5 INPUT-OUTPUT APPROACHES VERSUS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS 97 6.6
CONCLUSIONS 98 7 INPUT-OUTPUT METHODS 99 7.1 INTRODUCTION 99 7.2
INTER-INDUSTRY TRADING AND INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 99 7.2.1 A TWO SECTOR
INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL 100 7.2.2 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS AS THE PRODUCTION
ASSUMPTION 101 7.2.3 OUTPUT STRUCTURE IN EQUATION FORM 103 7.3 MATRIX
REPRESENTATION 104 7.3.1 THE UNIT MATRIX AND MATRIX INVERSION 105 7.3.2
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS IN MATRIX FORM 106 7.4 THE INPUT-OUTPUT
MODEL IN MATRIX FORM 107 7.4.1 RECONSTRUCTING THE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE 109
7.5 DECOMPOSING DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS ILL 7.6 PRICES IN
INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS 113 7.6.1 VALUES AND PRICES IN INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
114 7.7 CONSTRUCTING INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES FROM VALUE-BASED DATA 116 7.7.1
DEFLATING INPUT-OUTPUT COEFFICIENTS 118 7.8 INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES AND
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 119 8 THE ANALYSIS OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH INPUT-OUTPUT
METHODS 121 8.1 INTRODUCTION 121 8.2 THE INPUT-OUTPUT ASSESSMENT OF CO 2
EMISSIONS 121 8.2.1 AN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS
122 8.2.2 AN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL OF FINAL DEMAND CO 2 EMISSIONS 124 8.2.3
PRODUCTION CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM NON-FOSSIL FUEL SOURCES 125 8.2.4 AN
EQUATION FOR TOTAL CO 2 EMISSIONS 127 8.3 COMPARING CO 2 EMISSIONS OVER
TIME AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES 128 8.4 IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND 'ATTRIBUTABLE'
CO 2 EMISSIONS 131 8.4.1 EXPORTS AND THE ATTRIBUTION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS
131 8.4.2 IMPORTS AND THE ATTRIBUTION OF C0 2 EMISSIONS 132 8.4.3
CALCULATING CO 2 EMISSION IN A 2-REGION, N-SECTOR ECONOMY 133 8.5 THE
SENSITIVITY OF CO 2 EMISSIONS TO CHANGED PARAMETERS 138 8.5.1 THE
ELASTICITIES OF CO 2 EMISSION WITH THE PARAMETERS 139 8.5.2 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSION WITH RESPECT TO A IJ . 140 8.5.3 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO C IJ . 142 8.5.4 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO P IJ . 143 8.5.5 THE
DERIVATIVE OF CO 2 EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO Y I . 143 8.5.6 THE
ELASTICITIES OF CO 2 EMISSIONS 144 8.5.7 THE ELASTICITIES OF CO 2
EMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO A J AND A I 144 8.6 CONCLUSIONS 146 PART IV.
DATA ANALYSIS 147 9 GERMAN AND UK INPUT-OUTPUT DATA FOR STUDYING CO 2
EMISSIONS 149 9.1 INTRODUCTION 149 9.2 THE DATA REQUIREMENTS 149 9.3
DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 150 9.3.1 THE AGGREGATION OF THE
INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES 151 9.4 DATA SOURCES USED 152 9.4.1 PRODUCTION OF
THE A MATRICES FOR GERMANY 152 9.4.2 PRODUCTION OF THE A MATRICES FOR
THE UK 152 9.4.3 PRODUCTION OF THE C MATRICES FOR GERMANY 153 9.4.4
PRODUCTION OF THE C MATRICES FOR THE UK V . 153 9.4.5 PRODUCTION OF
THE P MATRICES FOR GERMANY 154 9.4.6 PRODUCTION OF THE P MATRICES FOR
THE UK 155 9.4.7 PRODUCTION OF THE Z MATRICES FOR GERMANY 155 9.4.8
PRODUCTION OF THE Z MATRICES FOR THE UK 155 9.4.9 PRODUCTION OF THE E
VECTOR FOR GERMANY 155 9.4.10 PRODUCTION OF THE E VECTOR FOR THE UK 156
9.4.11 PRODUCTION OF THE M VECTORS FOR GERMANY 156 9.4.12 PRODUCTION OF
THE M VECTORS FOR THE UK 156 9.4.13 PRODUCTION OF THE B MATRICES FOR
GERMANY 156 9.4.14 PRODUCTION OF THE B MATRICES FOR THE UK 156 9.4.15
PRODUCTION OF THE U VECTORS AND Y FOR GERMANY 156 9.4.16 PRODUCTION OF
THE U VECTORS AND Y FOR THE UK 157 9.4.17 FURTHER ADJUSTMENT OF THE UK
DATA 157 9.5 THE STRUCTURE OF CO 2 EMISSION: GERMANY 1988 157 9.5.1 THE
NATURE OF INPUT-OUTPUT DATA 157 9.5.2 THE BASIC DATA USED IN THE
ANALYSIS 158 9.5.3 THE CO 2 INTENSITIES 158 9.5.4 ATTRIBUTED CO 2
EMISSIONS 161 9.5.5 CO 2 INTENSITIES AND EMISSIONS BY SECTOR 164 9.5.6
CO 2 EMISSION ELASTICITIES 164 9.6 CONCLUSIONS 169 10 INPUT-OUTPUT
ANALYSIS OF GERMAN AND UK C0 2 EMISSIONS 170 10.1 INTRODUCTION 170 10.2
ATTRIBUTION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS BY GERMANY AND THE UK . 170 10.3
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: CO 2 EMISSION AND RESPONSIBILITY . 174 10.4
CHANGES IN CO 2 EMISSION OVER TIME 177 10.4.1 THE FULL SECTORAL
DECOMPOSITION 179 10.4.2 THE AGGREGATE DECOMPOSITION 183 10.5
DIFFERENCES IN CO 2 EMISSIONS BETWEEN GERMANY AND THE UK 188 10.6
CONCLUSIONS 192 ALO APPENDIX: DECOMPOSITION OF CHANGES IN CO 2 EMISSIONS
193 A10.1 INTRODUCTION 193 A10.2 TABLES 193 PART V. SCENARIOS 203 11
SCENARIO SIMULATIONS 205 11.1 INTRODUCTION 205 11.2 CHANGING THE
STRUCTURE OF FINAL DEMAND 206 11.2.1 FINAL DEMAND FOR NON-FUEL GOODS 206
11.2.2 FINAL DEMAND FOR FUELS 207 11.2.3 FROM PRIVATE TO PUBLIC
TRANSPORT 208 11.2.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 209 11.2.5 CONCLUSION 210 11.3
CHANGING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY 210 11.3.1 EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL FUEL
USE 211 11.3.1.1. ELECTRICITY GENERATION 211 11.3.1.2 IRON AND STEEL
INDUSTRY 212 11.3.1.3 BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY 212 11.3.1.4 FOOD
PROCESSING INDUSTRY 213 11.3.1.5 SIMULATION RESULTS 213 11.3.2
EFFICIENCY OF DIRECT FINAL DEMAND FUEL USE 214 11.3.2.1 HOUSING
INSULATION 214 11.3.2.2 HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 215 11.3.2.3 DISTRICT
HEATING 215 11.3.2.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 215 11.3.3 CONCLUSION 216 11.4
CHANGING THE FUEL MIX 216 11.4.1 NATURAL GAS 217 11.4.2 NON-FOSSIL FUELS
218 11.4.2.1 NUCLEAR ENERGY 219 11.4.2.2 CONCLUSION 220 11.4.2.3
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 220 11.4.3 CONCLUSION 222 11.4.4 SIMULATION
RESULTS 222 11.5 TREND EXTRAPOLATIONS 223 11.6 A SEQUENCE OF PLAUSIBLE
SCENARIOS 224 11.7 CONCLUSIONS 226 12 A 'MINIMUM DISRUPTION' APPROACH TO
SCENARIO ANALYSIS 227 12.1 INTRODUCTION 227 12.2 THE 'MINIMUM
DISRUPTION' APPROACH 227 12.3 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF FINAL DEMAND 229
12.3.1 THE CONSTRAINT ON CO 2 EMISSION REDUCTION 229 12.3.2 MINIMISING Y
DISRUPTION SUBJECT TO CO 2 EMISSION TARGET 230 12.3.3 SUBJECT TO CO 2
EMISSION TARGET AND GDP GROWTH TARGET 232 12.3.4 SUBJECT TO CO 2
EMISSION TARGET AND EMPLOYMENT TARGET 235 12.3.5 SUBJECT TO CO 2
EMISSION, GDP AND EMPLOYMENT TARGETS 238 12.4 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF
FUEL USE COEFFICIENTS 240 12.4.1 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF C, WITH
CONSTANT ENERGY EFFICIENCY 241 12.5 MINIMISING DISRUPTION OF
INTER-INDUSTRY TRADING 244 12.6 CONCLUSIONS 246 13 'MINIMUM DISRUPTION'
SCENARIO SIMULATIONS 247 13.1 INTRODUCTION 247 13.2 DATA SOURCES 247
13.3 CHANGES IN FINAL DEMAND 248 13.3.1 CHANGES IN FINAL DEMAND WITH NO
OTHER CONSTRAINTS 248 13.3.2 DEMAND CHANGES WITH A GDP GROWTH CONSTRAINT
250 13.3.3 DEMAND CHANGES WITH AN EMPLOYMENT GROWTH CON- STRAINT 252
13.3.4 DEMAND CHANGES WITH GDP AND EMPLOYMENT GROWTH CONSTRAINTS 252
13.4 CHANGES IN FUEL MIX AND FUEL EFFICIENCY 255 13.4.1 CHANGE IN FUEL
MIX WITH NO CONSTRAINTS 257 13.4.2 CHANGE IN FUEL MIX WITH CONSTANT
ENERGY EFFI- CIENCY CONSTRAINT 257 13.5 CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF
INTER-INDUSTRY TRADING 264 13.6 CONCLUSIONS 267 PART VL POLICY 269 14
POLICY CONCLUSIONS FOR REDUCING CO 2 EMISSIONS 271 14.1 INTRODUCTION 271
14.2 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS 271 14.2.1 HISTORY 271 14.2.2 ANALYSIS 272 14.2.3
SCENARIOS 274 14.3 POLICY OVERVIEW 275 14.4 THE NEED FOR THE WILL 276
REFERENCES 278 AUTHOR INDEX 286 SUBJECT INDEX 289 LIST OF FIGURES 295
LIST OF TABLES 298 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Proops, John L. R. 1947- Faber, Malte 1938- Wagenhals, Gerhard |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124200737 (DE-588)124917046 |
| author_facet | Proops, John L. R. 1947- Faber, Malte 1938- Wagenhals, Gerhard |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Proops, John L. R. 1947- |
| author_variant | j l r p jlr jlrp m f mf g w gw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023506302 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TD885 |
| callnumber-raw | TD885.5.C3P76 1993 |
| callnumber-search | TD885.5.C3P76 1993 |
| callnumber-sort | TD 3885.5 C3 P76 41993 |
| callnumber-subject | TD - Environmental Technology |
| classification_rvk | QT 200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)722079924 (DE-599)BVBBV023506302 |
| dewey-full | 363.73/8720 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 363 - Other social problems and services |
| dewey-raw | 363.73/87 20 |
| dewey-search | 363.73/87 20 |
| dewey-sort | 3363.73 287 220 |
| dewey-tens | 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
| discipline | Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Deutschland Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Deutschland Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV023506302 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:30:47Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:23:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540559477 0387559477 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016830806 |
| oclc_num | 722079924 |
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| owner_facet | DE-521 |
| physical | XIV, 300 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Proops, John L. R. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)124200737 aut Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables J. L. R. Proops ; M. Faber ; G. Wagenhals. In Cooperation with S. Speck ... Reducing CO2 emissions Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; London ; Paris ; Tokyo ; Hong Kong ; Barcelona ; Budapest Springer 1993 XIV, 300 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 278 - 285 Mathematisches Modell Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- Mathematical models Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 gnd rswk-swf Emissionsverringerung (DE-588)4113432-1 gnd rswk-swf Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd rswk-swf Input-Output-Analyse (DE-588)4027105-5 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 s Emissionsverringerung (DE-588)4113432-1 s Input-Output-Analyse (DE-588)4027105-5 s Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g DE-604 Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 s 1\p DE-604 2\p DE-604 Faber, Malte 1938- Verfasser (DE-588)124917046 aut Wagenhals, Gerhard Verfasser aut OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016830806&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Proops, John L. R. 1947- Faber, Malte 1938- Wagenhals, Gerhard Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables Mathematisches Modell Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- Mathematical models Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 gnd Emissionsverringerung (DE-588)4113432-1 gnd Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Input-Output-Analyse (DE-588)4027105-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164507-8 (DE-588)4113432-1 (DE-588)4058136-6 (DE-588)4027105-5 (DE-588)4022153-2 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables |
| title_alt | Reducing CO2 emissions |
| title_auth | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables |
| title_exact_search | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables |
| title_full | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables J. L. R. Proops ; M. Faber ; G. Wagenhals. In Cooperation with S. Speck ... |
| title_fullStr | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables J. L. R. Proops ; M. Faber ; G. Wagenhals. In Cooperation with S. Speck ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reducing CO 2 emissions a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables J. L. R. Proops ; M. Faber ; G. Wagenhals. In Cooperation with S. Speck ... |
| title_short | Reducing CO 2 emissions |
| title_sort | reducing co 2 emissions a comparative input output study for germany and the uk with 56 tables |
| title_sub | a comparative input output study for Germany and the UK ; with 56 tables |
| topic | Mathematisches Modell Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- Mathematical models Kohlendioxidemission (DE-588)4164507-8 gnd Emissionsverringerung (DE-588)4113432-1 gnd Strukturwandel (DE-588)4058136-6 gnd Input-Output-Analyse (DE-588)4027105-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mathematisches Modell Umwelt Wirtschaftsentwicklung Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Germany Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Great Britain Economic development -- Environmental aspects -- Mathematical models Kohlendioxidemission Emissionsverringerung Strukturwandel Input-Output-Analyse Deutschland Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016830806&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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