Verfügbarkeit: Tahir Berisha

Tahir Berisha: mendimtar popullor

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Rukiqi, Mehmet 1936- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Albanian
Veröffentlicht:	Prishtinë Inst. Albanologjik i Prishtinës 2008
Schlagworte:	Berisha, Tahir > 1871-1953 Biografie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract
Beschreibung:	Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
Beschreibung:	462 S. Ill.
ISBN:	9789951411516

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804137895226769409
adam_text	PERMBAJTJA Ρ ar athênie ................................................................7 I. BERISHA E BERISHËT ......................................................... И Berisha .............................................................................................11 Klima ................................................................................................18 Hidrografía .......................................................................................18 Botabimore ......................................................................................18 Botashtazore ....................................................................................22 Berishët ............................................................................................23 TAHIR BERISHA ...........................................................................24 IL TAHIR BERISHA HISTORIAN POPULLOR .....................31 Për lashtësinë ....................................................................................34 Tregonte për ilirët .............................................................................37 Krenohej me Lekën e Madh .............................................................38 Per kulturen ilire............................................................................... 39 Përdardanët ......................................................................................41 Për shqiptarët ...................................................................................42 Përmesjetën .....................................................................................44 Përsllavët .........................................................................................46 Përserbët ..........................................................................................48 Osmanët dhe dera e osmanlinjve .....................................................51 Beteja e Kosovës ..............................................................................53 Kastriotët ..........................................................................................56 Gjergj Kastrioti - Skënderbeu ..........................................................56 Regjimi osman .................................................................................60 458________________________________________Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi Sulltanët ...........................................................................................61 Pashallëqet .......................................................................................62 Pashallëku і Shkodrës .....................................................................62 Pashallëku і Misirit ..........................................................................63 Pashallëku і Janinës .........................................................................64 Nga Rilindja Kombëtare ..................................................................65 Lidhja e Prizrenit ..............................................................................67 Përfaqësues të Lidhjes se Prizrenit................................................... 67 Vrasja e Mehmet Ali Pashë Maxharit ..............................................71 Lidhja e Pejës ...................................................................................74 Kuvendi i Marines ............................................................................76 Hyrijeti .............................................................................................77 Ekspedita të pashallarëve .................................................................78 Kah fundi і Perandorisë Osmane .....................................................80 Hasan Prishtina................................................................................82 IsaBoletini.......................................................................................84. Ismail Qemali...................................................................................85 Okupimi serbe і Kosovës më 1912..................................................86 Konferenca e Londres më 1913.......................................................87 Lufta e Pare Botërore....................................................................... 89 Komiteti Mbrojtja Kombëtare e Kosovës .....................................91 Nikolla Pashiqi .................................................................................93 Tahir Berisha kryetar i komunës...................................................... 95 Nazim Gaŕuri ....................................................................................97 Agrari ekolonizimi ..........................................................................98 Kaçakët .............................................................................................99 Azem Galica ...................................................................................100 Shotë Galica ...................................................................................101 Lufta e Galicës ...............................................................................103 Ramadan Shabani ne Beograd ......................................................106 Rifat Berisha ne rrugën e shkollimit ..............................................107 Gjeçovi ne Berishë .........................................................................108 Mbretëria shqiptare ........................................................................110 Kundër shpërnguljes ......................................................................111 Dasma e Hajrë Karaçicës ...............................................................112 TAHIR BERISHA - MEND1MTAR POPULLOR 459 Rifat Berisha oficer i Armâtes Shqiptare .......................................117 RamëBllaca ...................................................................................118 Shoqëria Drita në Arllatë ............................................................119 Përnmdimi mandatit të kryetarit ....................................................122 Agresioni fashist italian .................................................................123 Bajram Berisha ...............................................................................124 Fadil Hoxha e Tahir Berisha.......................................................... 125 Rifat Berisha nënprefekt në Gjilan .................................................126 Tahiri në dialog me Tahîrin ...........................................................127 Tahiri s u beson serbëve ................................................................128 Shtëpia kullë e Rifat Berishës ........................................................131 Marrëveshja e Mukjës ....................................................................132 Lidhja e Dytë e Prizrenit ................................................................132 Kapiten Shefqet Bylykbashi ...........................................................136 Konferenca e Bujanit .....................................................................136 Rifat Berisha me qëndrim indiferent ..............................................139 Rifati ndihmon LNÇ-në Shqiptare .................................................141 Batalionu Rakoshit ........................................................................141 Rifati mendonte ndryshe ................................................................144 Mehmet Gradića në Berishë ...........................................................146 Në dialog me Banush Sedllarin ......................................................148 Në prag të Luftës se Drenicës ........................................................149 Vrasja e Qamil Hoxhës ..................................................................151 Luna e Drenicës .............................................................................152 Regj imi komunist........................................................................... 155 Vrasja e Milladin Popoviqit ...........................................................157 Vrasja e Sadik Zenelit ....................................................................157 Vrasja e Ibrahim Banushit ..............................................................158 Kuvendi i Prizrenit .........................................................................159 Vrasja e Kajtaz Ramadanit .............................................................162 Shérif Berisha .................................................................................163 Banush Sedllari ..............................................................................164 ArifShala .......................................................................................165 Ymer Berisha .................................................................................168 Kongresu Lypovicës .........................................»...........................168 460________________________________________Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi Votimet e vitit 1946.......................................................................169 Angazhimet e Rifat Berishës ..........................................................170 Rifat në mbrojtje të ballistëve ........................................................172 Bisedë për Oso Kukën ....................................................................172 Në kullen shkollë të Arif Shalës ...................................................173 Nuk lidhet Rifat Berisha ................................................................175 Lufta në Gajrak ..............................................................................177 Motra Qamë si motra e Avdisë ......................................................179 Pas luftës në Gajrak .......................................................................180 Tahir Berisha në burg .....................................................................181 Pas renies së Rifatit ........................................................................183 Latif Berisha ...................................................................................185 Mirija pas vuajtjes së dënimit ........................................................186 Lufta në Lug të Arashës .................................................................190 Tahiri і ndihmon Tahirit .................................................................193 III. ELEMENTET TË KULTURËS POPULLORE ...............197 Njohuri për folklorin......................................................................197 Njohuri për kulturen ......................................................................200 Elemente të kulturës së huaj ...........................................................203 Katër hallka të kulturës shqiptare ...................................................205 Fiset ................................................................................................207 Bajraqet ..........................................................................................211 Ngatraditajuridike-Edrejta ........................................................215 Kamini і Lekë Dukagjinit ...............................................................217 Shtjefën Gjeçovi .............................................................................218 Xhemail Abria ................................................................................219 Ramadan Shabani ...........................................................................220 Religjioni ........................................................................................222 Bibla ...............................................................................................225 JezuKrishti ....................................................................................227 Feja Islame..................................................................................... 228 Muhamedi ......................................................................................228 Kuť ani ...........................................................................................230 Toleranca fetare .............................................................................234 TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 461 Kultura materiale - Puna ................................................................238 Blegtoria .........................................................................................242 Bariu ...............................................................................................243 Bujqësia ..........................................................................................245 Puna e veprimtaria .........................................................................248 Zejtaria ...........................................................................................249 Armât .............................................................................................253 Përpunimi idrurit ...........................................................................255 Arkitektura popullore .....................................................................258 Oda .................................................................................................258 Kulla............................................................................................... 262 Shtëpia ............................................................................................267 Hambari ..........................................................................................269 Gardhi .............................................................................................271 Mulliri ............................................................................................273 Amvisëria .......................................................................................275 Ushqimet ........................................................................................279 Veshmbathja popullore e meshkujve .............................................282 IV. TAHIR BERISHA MENDIMTAR POPULLOR .........291 Veçori të inteligjencës ...................................................................294 Parashikues cilësor .............................................................................................295 Mendimtar shembullor ......................................................................................303 Mençuria që mahniti ......................................................................305 Përvoja e fituar nga jeta .................................................................309 Dituria mbi të gjitha te mirat ..........................................................310 Arsimi vlerë mbi vlerat ..................................................................315 Nga e mori diturinë ........................................................................317 Kontakte me personalitete të nj ohura .............................................319 Aftësi logjike .................................................................................323 Evërteta .........................................................................................326 Aftësi kritike ..................................................................................330 Njohuri sociologjike ......................................................................332 462________________________________________Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi Aktualitete ......................................................................................333 Koha ...............................................................................................333 Atdheu ............................................................................................335 Kombi.............................................................................................337 Liria................................................................................................ 338 Luftërat ...........................................................................................339 Rrethana shoqërore e politike........................................................ 341 Përmoshën .....................................................................................343 Veçori psikologjike ........................................................................343 Aftësi etike .....................................................................................346 Virtytet ...........................................................................................350 Angazhimi ......................................................................................351 Autoriteti ........................................................................................354 Elemente të iluminizmit .................................................................359 Maturia ...........................................................................................361 Modestia. ........................................................................................363 Pikëpamj e morale ...........................................................................364 Trimëria.......................................................................................... 370 Vesét ..............................................................................................374 Aftësi artistike ...............................................................................379 Tëvërejturit ....................................................................................385 Elemente estetike ...........................................................................392 Gjeniu popullor ..............................................................................394 Aftësitë gjuhësore ..........................................................................396 Heshtja ...........................................................................................402 Dëgjuesit ........................................................................................407 TahiriBerishanëmbarimtëjetës ..................................................409 Summary ......................................................................................417 Búrime e Literature .................................................................425 Treguesi i emrave ...........................................................................439 Tregue si i vendeve ....................................................................451 Summary Tahir Berisha (1871-1953), from the village of Berisha in Dre- nica, was a representative of oral story-telling creativity in Kosova. Although uneducated he was distinguished by incomeparable inte¬ lligence. He came from a well-known patriotic family. The history of Albanian folklore and ethnology in the sense of popular know¬ ledge and wisdom was particularly enriched. He possessed general knowledge gained thanks to his keen observation of environment, nature and people, thanks to his attentive listening of others. By remembering wise words and sayings read and told by others, he surpassed all his contemporaries. In order to obtain as much knowledge as he could he visited most if Kosova s settlements and wider. He met with the most distinguished and known personalities of the time. He belonged more to the people than to his own family and kin. Tahir was well aware of his geographical environment. He spoke of his village, Berisha, of its geographic position, relief and climate, its flora and fauna. He possessed great recognition, creative and interpretative abilities of popular story-telling on historical subjects of the past. He was assessed as the most distinguished po¬ pular historian. Stories on this subject are partially or entirely in concordance to the reality. His concern with the national history begins with the archeological relics at his birthplace. It intensifies following his acquaintance with Shtjefwn Gjeçovi (1874-1929), the greatest Albanian archeologist and ethnologist of all times. He also 418__________________________Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi learnt a lot from numerous historians, story-tellers and rhapsodists of his time, such as Hasan Prishtina and Habib Kukiqi. Stories created or carried by him prove that the folklore has always been alongside history serving it as a raw material source. Although with limited knowledge, Tahir mentioned the Pela- sgians in the antiquity, as well as Illyrians, Dardanians and Albania¬ ns as their descendants. He spoke with great admiration of Alexand¬ er the Great (356-323) being of Illyrian-Albanian origin. He spoke of Pyrrhus (319-272), the Illyrian King of Epirus. In his stories, Pyrrhus appears also as Burri (The Man). He carried on stories, as heard from others, about the Romans, Byzantines, and Slavs. He presented facts on early Serb invasions of the Nemanjics in Kosova and other Albanian regions, particularly on Czar Dusan. He told of the Ottomans and their incursions in the Balkans, about the Battle of Maritza in 1371 and the Battle of Kosova in 1389. He raised Millosh Kupiliqi to the rank of an Albanian commander leading the Drenica forces to the battle. In many stories he mirrored the five-century-old Ottoman regime and incessant wars and resistance of Albanians against it. In Tahir Berisha s stories, Scanderbeg is a national hero. He fought for a quarter of a century against the Turkish expeditions. It was only after his death, in 1468, that Albania finally fell under the Ottoman rule. Tahir told of many representatives serving in the Ottoman Administration and Government, including Sultans and pashas, valis and sadrazems. Of administrative divisions he mentio¬ ned the kazas, such as that of Vushtrri and Kurshumlia, the vilayet sanjacks and many governing institutions based on the Islamic Sheria Law. He spoke of Albanian pashaliks, such as the Pashalik of Shkodra, lead by the Dynasty of the Bushataj: Mehmet Pasha Bushati (1700-1775), Karamahmut Pasha (1749-1796) and Mustafa Pasha (1796-1860), Pashalik of Misir - Egypt, established by Meh¬ met Ali Pasha of Kavala, Albania, and the dynasty of his successors from 1849-1956; Pashalik of Janina (1740-1822), established by Ali Pasha of Tepelena, from Beçisht of Tepelena. All of them fought in TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 419 various forms against the Empire for the liberation of Albanian lan¬ ds, fredom and independence. Tahir spoke of the Albanian National Awakening. This was a movement of resistance against the foreign rule in a continuity beginning from the Roman attacks against Illyrian-Albanian terri¬ tories (230 ВС). It reached its peak in 1829. Following the Manastir massacre where upon an order by Mehmet Rashid Pasha some 1000 Albanians were killed. He mentioned some of the instigators of the Awakening, such as Jani Vreto, Luigj Gurakuqi, brothers Frashwri: Abdyl, Nairn and Sami, Pashko Vasa, etc. The League of Prizren has a deserving place in Tahir Berisha s stories. It was founded on 10l of June 1878 by the National Assembly of Prizren and repre¬ sentatives from all of the Albanian territories. It was the time when the Ottoman Empire was declining facing wars with Russia, England, France, and Germany. The so-called peace agreements, such as that of Saint Stefano, at the vicinity of Istanbul, between Turkey and Russia, on 3 rd of March 1878; the London Ambassa¬ dorial Conference on 22nd of March and the Congress of Berlin, from 13th of June to 13th of July ofthat same year, were the most tra¬ gic dates. They aimed at diving Albanian lands from the ethnic entirety of Albania to the benefit of the expansionist powers of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia. The Assembly composed of Abdyl Frashwri, Ali Ibra, AH Pasha Gusia, Binak Alia, Ilaz Pasha Dibra, Pashko Vasa, Sami Frashwri, Ymer Prizreni and others, passed a decision to defend Albania with an armed struggle. Tahir spoke of the League of Peja on 23rd - 29th of January 1899 under the leadership of Haxhi Zeka. 450 delegates attended from the Vilayet of Kosova and other Albanian territories. Accor¬ ding to the programs of these historical leagues a dozen of bloody battles took place. They were lead by the main leaders, such as Hasan Prishtina, Bajram Curri, Idriz Seferi, Isa Boletini, Mic Sokoli, and Sylejman Vokshi. They fought against expeditions of the most brutal pashas such as Mehmet Ali Pasha the Madiar, Xhavit Pasha, Shefqet Dergut Pasha, etc. Furthermore, Tahir presented facts on the final period of the Ottoman Empire, declaration of Albania s indepe- 420________________________________________Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi ndence and the raising of the Albanian flag in Vlora on 28th of November 1912. He held up the leader of this great historic deed, Ismail Qemali and his collaborators, in particular Luigj Gurakuqi and Isa Boletini. However, before tasting the fruits of their victory an attack by the Serb invader is launched. The darkest moments for Albania and Albanians begin. The terror and genocide followed during the entire life of Tahir Berisha and his compatriots. It conti¬ nued till 1999. He continuously spoke of the World War One and consequences against the Albanians, about the Committee of Nati¬ onal Defense of Kosova in Shkodra, in 1918, and the Outlaw Movement (1917-1927). He presented facts on the extermination of the most notable patriots such as Nazim Gafurri, Ahmet Shtimja, Shtjefwn Gjeçovi and Ram Bllaca. The World war Two and the period between 1939-1945, in Tahir s stories, is described with rare creative ability. He spoke of the occupation by Italian fascists, departure of King Zog from Albania and of Kosova. He followed closely the Communist Movement and the so-called National Liberation War. This war involved together with the Serbs and Montenegrins also Albanians of Kosova. They went forth with the slogan of Brotherhood and Unity and on a false promise that after the war against fascism Albanians will be granted their right to self-determination and the right to join their mother country, Albania, as stated in the Resolution of the Bujan Conference, on 31st of December 1943, and 1st, 2nd January 1944. Tahir warned Fadil Hoxha, Albanian Commander of War for Kosova and Dukagjini Plain, and his closest collaborators as follows: There can be no brotherhood and unity with the Serbs. They have always deceived us and will do so. His words were proven true following the setting of the military administration in Kosova and the replacement of the commander, inclusion of Chetniks in the partisan ranks, with killings and massacres of the most notable Albanian men, proven fighters against any kind of occupier. A Brigade of Drenica was formed composing of over 5.000 men volunteering under the command of Shaban Polluzha. TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 421 For more than two months, till 22nd of February 1945, they held the front against a part of the Yugoslav Army. Following that war, Serb revenge continued. Within two hours in Tivar (Bar) over 4.000 Albanians were killed. The seal of Yugoslav reoccupation of Koso¬ va was stamped at the Prizren Assembly, on 8-Ю July 1945. The resistance against the so-called people s rule never ended. Rifat Berisha, Tahir s nephew was the first one to declare open war to the New Yugoslavia of Tito . In Gajrak of Malisheva, on 1 7th of May 1949, he lead a group composing of brothers, cousi¬ ns and nephews. He was surrounded at Smajl Gajraku s stone house - kulla. He fought against members of Serb army and police. Fighting together with brothers Mustafa, Islam and his nephew Ibrahim, he fell on the altar of freedom after causing considerable damage to the enemy. The Serb drastic revenge continued for 20 years against the Berisha family. The most cruel methods were used by the soulless regime. Arrests, ill-treatment, prison sentences and draconic punishment were never-ending. Apart from the close family the entire Berisha kin, friends and well-wishers were perse¬ cuted, among which there were those sentenced to death or long prison terms. Not even the women and elderly were spared. Tahir Berisha himself was put in prison as well as Mihria, Rifat s wife, and others. The entire family was boycotted by the village and county. Children were banned from attending school and the fami¬ lies were excluded from engagements and marriages. Even forced separations took place. They were all excluded from institutions and essential services. Tahir Berisha was a great expert and interpreter of cultural tradition. He spoke of small and large Albanian families, banners and tribes. He knew well popular justice, especially the Kanun of Lek Dukagjini and its interpreters such as Xhemail Abria and Ra¬ madan Shabani. He possessed knowledge on the spiritual culture as well. He was a keen follower of the folk tradition. Apart from the stories he also dealt with carrying of other kinds of oral art both in prose and poetry. He knew many lyrical, epical and legendary songs. He liked the historical song in particular. 422________________________________________Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi He spoke of religion and three religious creeds of the Albani¬ ans, Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim. He pointed out their highest representatives and institutions. He followed facts about the Bible and Jesus Christ, Constantine the Great, Mohamed and the Koran, about the Albanian Pope Clement XL He spoke in particular of reli¬ gious tolerance. He tied material culture mainly with work, agricu¬ lture and cattle-raising, the kinds of works and work tools. He se¬ parated work from activity. He said: Work is for the personal and family needs, while the activity takes place for social interests. Architecture, construction, artisans, folk costumes, weaponry, etc, reflect in his stories part of the material culture. Tahir distinguished himself as a popular philosopher the most outspoken one of his time. He was highly intelligent. With his anti¬ cipations he resembled the most noted predictors of the world, such as the French Nostradamus and the American Edgar Casey. He was a noted thinker and visionary. His wisdom has remained part of the popular wisdom up to the present days. His philosophy was based on the living experience. His universal knowledge was though of being inborn. Although, the number of thinkers and intellectuals, interlocutors and noted men with whom Tahir made contacts, such as Hasan Prishtina, Bajram Curri, Shtjefwn Gjeçovi and Ram Bllaca is too great. Tahir Berisha s reasoning was lead by the truth. He often quoted the following saying: What can t be in the mind can t be in a book either. He possessed a talent for critical thinking as well. In the sociological sense and social circumstances he spoke of time as the main factor of life, work and activity. He spoke of the country and nation, wars, and freedom. His ethical and psychological abi¬ lities are treated in many of his stories. He was dedicated to education. He tried to explain the good and evil. He praised highly the traditional virtues, as well as the aspirations, authority, and besa - the given word, manhood and dignity, nobility and ideals, enli¬ ghtenment and modesty, trust and the will. He tried in all ways to overcome vice, such as aggressiveness and barbarity, evil speech and the lie, anger and spite, praise and folly. TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 423 In the artistic sense he was more dedicated to the art of word and expression. He was characterized by his wit and form of refle¬ ction, artistic relation between form and content, creative inspiration and intuition and memory. His observation was so typical. He had eyes to see in the daytime. Everything he observed he did not hesitate to say something about it. But, also in the esthetic sense, in various forms, he treated the beautiful and the ugly. He replaced the beautiful in some of his stories with the pretty and handsome, such as a handsome man, a pretty work, a pretty word. Many of his stories may be evaluated also as esthetic popular information. Tahir Berisha s language belonged to the Gheg dialect. In the contacts he had with dignitaries from almost all of Albanian lands, he learnt words belonging to the Tosk dialect. He had a pure popular vernacular of particular communication strength, clear words and high vision. He used quality rhetoric with concise expressions and plasticity of figure. He left open paths to others as well so that they could fill them. He never used boring language and unnecessary words. For his ingenuity of speech many scholars would be envious.
adam_txt	PERMBAJTJA Ρ ar athênie .7 I. BERISHA E BERISHËT . И Berisha .11 Klima .18 Hidrografía .18 Botabimore .18 Botashtazore .22 Berishët .23 TAHIR BERISHA .24 IL TAHIR BERISHA HISTORIAN POPULLOR .31 Për lashtësinë .34 Tregonte për ilirët .37 Krenohej me Lekën e Madh .38 Per kulturen ilire. 39 Përdardanët .41 Për shqiptarët .42 Përmesjetën .44 Përsllavët .46 Përserbët .48 Osmanët dhe dera e osmanlinjve .51 Beteja e Kosovës .53 Kastriotët .56 Gjergj Kastrioti - Skënderbeu .56 Regjimi osman .60 458_Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi Sulltanët .61 Pashallëqet .62 Pashallëku і Shkodrës .62 Pashallëku і Misirit .63 Pashallëku і Janinës .64 Nga Rilindja Kombëtare .65 Lidhja e Prizrenit .67 Përfaqësues të Lidhjes se Prizrenit. 67 Vrasja e Mehmet Ali Pashë Maxharit .71 Lidhja e Pejës .74 Kuvendi i Marines .76 Hyrijeti .77 Ekspedita të pashallarëve .78 Kah fundi і Perandorisë Osmane .80 Hasan Prishtina.82 IsaBoletini.84. Ismail Qemali.85 Okupimi serbe і Kosovës më 1912.86 Konferenca e Londres më 1913.87 Lufta e Pare Botërore. 89 Komiteti "Mbrojtja Kombëtare e Kosovës" .91 Nikolla Pashiqi .93 Tahir Berisha kryetar i komunës. 95 Nazim Gaŕuri .97 Agrari ekolonizimi .98 Kaçakët .99 Azem Galica .100 Shotë Galica .101 Lufta e Galicës .103 Ramadan Shabani ne Beograd .106 Rifat Berisha ne rrugën e shkollimit .107 Gjeçovi ne Berishë .108 Mbretëria shqiptare .110 Kundër shpërnguljes .111 Dasma e Hajrë Karaçicës .112 TAHIR BERISHA - MEND1MTAR POPULLOR 459 Rifat Berisha oficer i Armâtes Shqiptare .117 RamëBllaca .118 Shoqëria "Drita" në Arllatë .119 Përnmdimi mandatit të kryetarit .122 Agresioni fashist italian .123 Bajram Berisha .124 Fadil Hoxha e Tahir Berisha. 125 Rifat Berisha nënprefekt në Gjilan .126 Tahiri në dialog me Tahîrin .127 Tahiri s"u beson serbëve .128 Shtëpia kullë e Rifat Berishës .131 Marrëveshja e Mukjës .132 Lidhja e Dytë e Prizrenit .132 Kapiten Shefqet Bylykbashi .136 Konferenca e Bujanit .136 Rifat Berisha me qëndrim indiferent .139 Rifati ndihmon LNÇ-në Shqiptare .141 Batalionu Rakoshit .141 Rifati mendonte ndryshe .144 Mehmet Gradića në Berishë .146 Në dialog me Banush Sedllarin .148 Në prag të Luftës se Drenicës .149 Vrasja e Qamil Hoxhës .151 Luna e Drenicës .152 Regj imi komunist. 155 Vrasja e Milladin Popoviqit .157 Vrasja e Sadik Zenelit .157 Vrasja e Ibrahim Banushit .158 Kuvendi i Prizrenit .159 Vrasja e Kajtaz Ramadanit .162 Shérif Berisha .163 Banush Sedllari .164 ArifShala .165 Ymer Berisha .168 Kongresu Lypovicës .».168 460_Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi Votimet e vitit 1946.169 Angazhimet e Rifat Berishës .170 Rifat në mbrojtje të ballistëve .172 Bisedë për Oso Kukën .172 Në kullen shkollë të Arif Shalës .173 Nuk lidhet Rifat Berisha .175 Lufta në Gajrak .177 Motra Qamë si motra e Avdisë .179 Pas luftës në Gajrak .180 Tahir Berisha në burg .181 Pas renies së Rifatit .183 Latif Berisha .185 Mirija pas vuajtjes së dënimit .186 Lufta në Lug të Arashës .190 Tahiri і ndihmon Tahirit .193 III. ELEMENTET TË KULTURËS POPULLORE .197 Njohuri për folklorin.197 Njohuri për kulturen .200 Elemente të kulturës së huaj .203 Katër hallka të kulturës shqiptare .205 Fiset .207 Bajraqet .211 Ngatraditajuridike-Edrejta .215 Kamini і Lekë Dukagjinit .217 Shtjefën Gjeçovi .218 Xhemail Abria .219 Ramadan Shabani .220 Religjioni .222 Bibla .225 JezuKrishti .227 Feja Islame. 228 Muhamedi .228 Kuť ani .230 Toleranca fetare .234 TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 461 Kultura materiale - Puna .238 Blegtoria .242 Bariu .243 Bujqësia .245 Puna e veprimtaria .248 Zejtaria .249 Armât .253 Përpunimi idrurit .255 Arkitektura popullore .258 Oda .258 Kulla. 262 Shtëpia .267 Hambari .269 Gardhi .271 Mulliri .273 Amvisëria .275 Ushqimet .279 Veshmbathja popullore e meshkujve .282 IV. TAHIR BERISHA MENDIMTAR POPULLOR .291 Veçori të inteligjencës .294 Parashikues cilësor .295 Mendimtar shembullor .303 Mençuria që mahniti .305 Përvoja e fituar nga jeta .309 Dituria mbi të gjitha te mirat .310 Arsimi vlerë mbi vlerat .315 Nga e mori diturinë .317 Kontakte me personalitete të nj ohura .319 Aftësi logjike .323 Evërteta .326 Aftësi kritike .330 Njohuri sociologjike .332 462_Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi Aktualitete .333 Koha .333 Atdheu .335 Kombi.337 Liria. 338 Luftërat .339 Rrethana shoqërore e politike. 341 Përmoshën .343 Veçori psikologjike .343 Aftësi etike .346 Virtytet .350 Angazhimi .351 Autoriteti .354 Elemente të iluminizmit .359 Maturia .361 Modestia. .363 Pikëpamj e morale .364 Trimëria. 370 Vesét .374 Aftësi artistike .379 Tëvërejturit .385 Elemente estetike .392 Gjeniu popullor .394 Aftësitë gjuhësore .396 Heshtja .402 Dëgjuesit .407 TahiriBerishanëmbarimtëjetës .409 Summary .417 Búrime e Literature .425 Treguesi i emrave .439 Tregue si i vendeve .451 Summary Tahir Berisha (1871-1953), from the village of Berisha in Dre- nica, was a representative of oral story-telling creativity in Kosova. Although uneducated he was distinguished by incomeparable inte¬ lligence. He came from a well-known patriotic family. The history of Albanian folklore and ethnology in the sense of popular know¬ ledge and wisdom was particularly enriched. He possessed general knowledge gained thanks to his keen observation of environment, nature and people, thanks to his attentive listening of others. By remembering wise words and sayings read and told by others, he surpassed all his contemporaries. In order to obtain as much knowledge as he could he visited most if Kosova' s settlements and wider. He met with the most distinguished and known personalities of the time. He belonged more to the people than to his own family and kin. Tahir was well aware of his geographical environment. He spoke of his village, Berisha, of its geographic position, relief and climate, its flora and fauna. He possessed great recognition, creative and interpretative abilities of popular story-telling on historical subjects of the past. He was assessed as the most distinguished po¬ pular historian. Stories on this subject are partially or entirely in concordance to the reality. His concern with the national history begins with the archeological relics at his birthplace. It intensifies following his acquaintance with Shtjefwn Gjeçovi (1874-1929), the greatest Albanian archeologist and ethnologist of all times. He also 418_Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi learnt a lot from numerous historians, story-tellers and rhapsodists of his time, such as Hasan Prishtina and Habib Kukiqi. Stories created or carried by him prove that the folklore has always been alongside history serving it as a raw material source. Although with limited knowledge, Tahir mentioned the Pela- sgians in the antiquity, as well as Illyrians, Dardanians and Albania¬ ns as their descendants. He spoke with great admiration of Alexand¬ er the Great (356-323) being of Illyrian-Albanian origin. He spoke of Pyrrhus (319-272), the Illyrian King of Epirus. In his stories, Pyrrhus appears also as 'Burri' (The Man). He carried on stories, as heard from others, about the Romans, Byzantines, and Slavs. He presented facts on early Serb invasions of the Nemanjics in Kosova and other Albanian regions, particularly on Czar Dusan. He told of the Ottomans and their incursions in the Balkans, about the Battle of Maritza in 1371 and the Battle of Kosova in 1389. He raised Millosh Kupiliqi to the rank of an Albanian commander leading the Drenica forces to the battle. In many stories he mirrored the five-century-old Ottoman regime and incessant wars and resistance of Albanians against it. In Tahir Berisha's stories, Scanderbeg is a national hero. He fought for a quarter of a century against the Turkish expeditions. It was only after his death, in 1468, that Albania finally fell under the Ottoman rule. Tahir told of many representatives serving in the Ottoman Administration and Government, including Sultans and pashas, valis and sadrazems. Of administrative divisions he mentio¬ ned the kazas, such as that of Vushtrri and Kurshumlia, the vilayet sanjacks and many governing institutions based on the Islamic Sheria Law. He spoke of Albanian pashaliks, such as the Pashalik of Shkodra, lead by the Dynasty of the Bushataj: Mehmet Pasha Bushati (1700-1775), Karamahmut Pasha (1749-1796) and Mustafa Pasha (1796-1860), Pashalik of Misir - Egypt, established by Meh¬ met Ali Pasha of Kavala, Albania, and the dynasty of his successors from 1849-1956; Pashalik of Janina (1740-1822), established by Ali Pasha of Tepelena, from Beçisht of Tepelena. All of them fought in TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 419 various forms against the Empire for the liberation of Albanian lan¬ ds, fredom and independence. Tahir spoke of the Albanian National Awakening. This was a movement of resistance against the foreign rule in a continuity beginning from the Roman attacks against Illyrian-Albanian terri¬ tories (230 ВС). It reached its peak in 1829. Following the Manastir massacre where upon an order by Mehmet Rashid Pasha some 1000 Albanians were killed. He mentioned some of the instigators of the Awakening, such as Jani Vreto, Luigj Gurakuqi, brothers Frashwri: Abdyl, Nairn and Sami, Pashko Vasa, etc. The League of Prizren has a deserving place in Tahir Berisha's stories. It was founded on 10l of June 1878 by the National Assembly of Prizren and repre¬ sentatives from all of the Albanian territories. It was the time when the Ottoman Empire was declining facing wars with Russia, England, France, and Germany. The so-called peace agreements, such as that of Saint Stefano, at the vicinity of Istanbul, between Turkey and Russia, on 3 rd of March 1878; the London Ambassa¬ dorial Conference on 22nd of March and the Congress of Berlin, from 13th of June to 13th of July ofthat same year, were the most tra¬ gic dates. They aimed at diving Albanian lands from the ethnic entirety of Albania to the benefit of the expansionist powers of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia. The Assembly composed of Abdyl Frashwri, Ali Ibra, AH Pasha Gusia, Binak Alia, Ilaz Pasha Dibra, Pashko Vasa, Sami Frashwri, Ymer Prizreni and others, passed a decision to defend Albania with an armed struggle. Tahir spoke of the League of Peja on 23rd - 29th of January 1899 under the leadership of Haxhi Zeka. 450 delegates attended from the Vilayet of Kosova and other Albanian territories. Accor¬ ding to the programs of these historical leagues a dozen of bloody battles took place. They were lead by the main leaders, such as Hasan Prishtina, Bajram Curri, Idriz Seferi, Isa Boletini, Mic Sokoli, and Sylejman Vokshi. They fought against expeditions of the most brutal pashas such as Mehmet Ali Pasha the Madiar, Xhavit Pasha, Shefqet Dergut Pasha, etc. Furthermore, Tahir presented facts on the final period of the Ottoman Empire, declaration of Albania's indepe- 420_Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi ndence and the raising of the Albanian flag in Vlora on 28th of November 1912. He held up the leader of this great historic deed, Ismail Qemali and his collaborators, in particular Luigj Gurakuqi and Isa Boletini. However, before tasting the fruits of their victory an attack by the Serb invader is launched. The darkest moments for Albania and Albanians begin. The terror and genocide followed during the entire life of Tahir Berisha and his compatriots. It conti¬ nued till 1999. He continuously spoke of the World War One and consequences against the Albanians, about the Committee of "Nati¬ onal Defense of Kosova" in Shkodra, in 1918, and the Outlaw Movement (1917-1927). He presented facts on the extermination of the most notable patriots such as Nazim Gafurri, Ahmet Shtimja, Shtjefwn Gjeçovi and Ram Bllaca. The World war Two and the period between 1939-1945, in Tahir' s stories, is described with rare creative ability. He spoke of the occupation by Italian fascists, departure of King Zog from Albania and of Kosova. He followed closely the Communist Movement and the so-called National Liberation War. This war involved together with the Serbs and Montenegrins also Albanians of Kosova. They went forth with the slogan of "Brotherhood and Unity" and on a false promise that 'after the war against fascism Albanians will be granted their right to self-determination and the right to join their mother country, Albania, as stated in the Resolution of the Bujan Conference, on 31st of December 1943, and 1st, 2nd January 1944. Tahir warned Fadil Hoxha, Albanian Commander of War for Kosova and Dukagjini Plain, and his closest collaborators as follows: "There can be no brotherhood and unity with the Serbs. They have always deceived us and will do so." His words were proven true following the setting of the military administration in Kosova and the replacement of the commander, inclusion of Chetniks in the partisan ranks, with killings and massacres of the most notable Albanian men, proven fighters against any kind of occupier. A Brigade of Drenica was formed composing of over 5.000 men volunteering under the command of Shaban Polluzha. TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 421 For more than two months, till 22nd of February 1945, they held the front against a part of the Yugoslav Army. Following that war, Serb revenge continued. Within two hours in Tivar (Bar) over 4.000 Albanians were killed. The seal of Yugoslav reoccupation of Koso¬ va was stamped at the Prizren Assembly, on 8-Ю July 1945. The resistance against the so-called people's rule never ended. Rifat Berisha, Tahir's nephew was the first one to declare open war to the "New Yugoslavia of Tito". In Gajrak of Malisheva, on 1 7th of May 1949, he lead a group composing of brothers, cousi¬ ns and nephews. He was surrounded at Smajl Gajraku's stone house - kulla. He fought against members of Serb army and police. Fighting together with brothers Mustafa, Islam and his nephew Ibrahim, he fell on the altar of freedom after causing considerable damage to the enemy. The Serb drastic revenge continued for 20 years against the Berisha family. The most cruel methods were used by the soulless regime. Arrests, ill-treatment, prison sentences and draconic punishment were never-ending. Apart from the close family the entire Berisha kin, friends and well-wishers were perse¬ cuted, among which there were those sentenced to death or long prison terms. Not even the women and elderly were spared. Tahir Berisha himself was put in prison as well as Mihria, Rifat' s wife, and others. The entire family was boycotted by the village and county. Children were banned from attending school and the fami¬ lies were excluded from engagements and marriages. Even forced separations took place. They were all excluded from institutions and essential services. Tahir Berisha was a great expert and interpreter of cultural tradition. He spoke of small and large Albanian families, banners and tribes. He knew well popular justice, especially the Kanun of Lek Dukagjini and its interpreters such as Xhemail Abria and Ra¬ madan Shabani. He possessed knowledge on the spiritual culture as well. He was a keen follower of the folk tradition. Apart from the stories he also dealt with carrying of other kinds of oral art both in prose and poetry. He knew many lyrical, epical and legendary songs. He liked the historical song in particular. 422_Dr. Mehmet Rukiqi He spoke of religion and three religious creeds of the Albani¬ ans, Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim. He pointed out their highest representatives and institutions. He followed facts about the Bible and Jesus Christ, Constantine the Great, Mohamed and the Koran, about the Albanian Pope Clement XL He spoke in particular of reli¬ gious tolerance. He tied material culture mainly with work, agricu¬ lture and cattle-raising, the kinds of works and work tools. He se¬ parated work from activity. He said: "Work is for the personal and family needs, while the activity takes place for social interests. Architecture, construction, artisans, folk costumes, weaponry, etc, reflect in his stories part of the material culture. Tahir distinguished himself as a popular philosopher the most outspoken one of his time. He was highly intelligent. With his anti¬ cipations he resembled the most noted predictors of the world, such as the French Nostradamus and the American Edgar Casey. He was a noted thinker and visionary. His wisdom has remained part of the popular wisdom up to the present days. His philosophy was based on the living experience. His universal knowledge was though of being inborn. Although, the number of thinkers and intellectuals, interlocutors and noted men with whom Tahir made contacts, such as Hasan Prishtina, Bajram Curri, Shtjefwn Gjeçovi and Ram Bllaca is too great. Tahir Berisha's reasoning was lead by the truth. He often quoted the following saying: "What can't be in the mind can't be in a book either." He possessed a talent for critical thinking as well. In the sociological sense and social circumstances he spoke of time as the main factor of life, work and activity. He spoke of the country and nation, wars, and freedom. His ethical and psychological abi¬ lities are treated in many of his stories. He was dedicated to education. He tried to explain the good and evil. He praised highly the traditional virtues, as well as the aspirations, authority, and besa - the given word, manhood and dignity, nobility and ideals, enli¬ ghtenment and modesty, trust and the will. He tried in all ways to overcome vice, such as aggressiveness and barbarity, evil speech and the lie, anger and spite, praise and folly. TAHIR BERISHA - MENDIMTAR POPULLOR 423 In the artistic sense he was more dedicated to the art of word and expression. He was characterized by his wit and form of refle¬ ction, artistic relation between form and content, creative inspiration and intuition and memory. His observation was so typical. "He had eyes to see in the daytime." Everything he observed he did not hesitate to say something about it. But, also in the esthetic sense, in various forms, he treated the beautiful and the ugly. He replaced the beautiful in some of his stories with the pretty and handsome, such as a handsome man, a pretty work, a pretty word. Many of his stories may be evaluated also as esthetic popular information. Tahir Berisha's language belonged to the Gheg dialect. In the contacts he had with dignitaries from almost all of Albanian lands, he learnt words belonging to the Tosk dialect. He had a pure popular vernacular of particular communication strength, clear words and high vision. He used quality rhetoric with concise expressions and plasticity of figure. He left open paths to others as well so that they could fill them. He never used boring language and unnecessary words. For his ingenuity of speech many scholars would be envious.
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spelling	Rukiqi, Mehmet 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)1072397102 aut Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor Mehmet Rukiqi Prishtinë Inst. Albanologjik i Prishtinës 2008 462 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Berisha, Tahir 1871-1953 (DE-588)136209289 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Berisha, Tahir 1871-1953 (DE-588)136209289 p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016654725&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016654725&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract
spellingShingle	Rukiqi, Mehmet 1936- Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor Berisha, Tahir 1871-1953 (DE-588)136209289 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)136209289 (DE-588)4006804-3
title	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor
title_auth	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor
title_exact_search	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor
title_exact_search_txtP	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor
title_full	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor Mehmet Rukiqi
title_fullStr	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor Mehmet Rukiqi
title_full_unstemmed	Tahir Berisha mendimtar popullor Mehmet Rukiqi
title_short	Tahir Berisha
title_sort	tahir berisha mendimtar popullor
title_sub	mendimtar popullor
topic	Berisha, Tahir 1871-1953 (DE-588)136209289 gnd
topic_facet	Berisha, Tahir 1871-1953 Biografie
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016654725&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016654725&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT rukiqimehmet tahirberishamendimtarpopullor

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