A tradition in transition: water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Leiden
Taylor & Francis
2007
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 211 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
| ISBN: | 9780415439473 9085046017 0415439477 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Haile, Abraham Mehari |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A tradition in transition |b water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea |c by Abraham Mehari Haile |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden |b Taylor & Francis |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 211 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |e 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |a Zugl.: Delft, UNESCO-IHE Inst. for Water Education, Diss., 2007 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Irrigation |z Eritrea | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water-supply |z Eritrea |x Management | |
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Contents_^_
V
Contents
CONTENTS
V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IX
SUMMARY XI
1
COUNTRY BACKGROUND
1
1.1
Country Profile
1
1.2
History in Brief
3
1.3
The Agriculture Sector
3
1.4
Water Resources
6
1.5
Land and Water Development
8
2
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
11
2.1
Irrigation, Water Scarcity and Food Security: Global, Regional and
National Perspectives
11
2.2
Problem Description
14
2.3
Research Goal, Objectives and Questions
18
2.3.1
Overall Goal
18
2.3.2
Specific Objectives
18
2.3.3
Specific Questions
19
2.4
Research Methods
20
2.5
Conceptual and Theoretical Framework
21
2.6
Set-up of this Thesis
22
3
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
25
3.1
Introduction
25
3.2
Spate Irrigation Systems in Pakistan
26
3.3
Spate Irrigation Systems in the Republic of Yemen
28
3.4
Spate Irrigation Systems in Eritrea
31
3.5
Concluding Remarks
34
4
THE STUDY SITE: THE WADI
LABA
SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
35
4.1
Location, Climate and Demography
35
4.2
Layout and Command Area of the Indigenous System
38
4.3
Indigenous Irrigation Structures
40
4.4
Layout and Command Area of the Modern System
43
4.5
Modern Irrigation Structures
43
4.6
Water Resources
47
VI
_
A
Tradition
in
Transition:
Water Management
Reforms and
Snate
Irrigation Systems
in Eritrea
4.7
Soil Resource Analyses
47
4.7.1
Soil Texture
47
4.7.2
Total Available Water
51
4.8
Infiltration
53
4.9
Farming Systems
57
4.9.1
Crop Production
57
4.9.2
Livestock Production
60
4.10
Concluding Remarks
61
5.
INDIGENOUS WATER RIGHTS, RULES AND MANAGEMENT BEFORE
AND AFTER WATER MANAGEMENT REFORMS
63
5.1
Introduction
63
5.2
The Wadi
Laba
Floods
64
5.3
Water Rights and Rules in Managing Unpredictable Flood Water
66
5.3.1
Rights and Rules on Land Demarcation
67
5.3.2
Rights and Rules on Deliberate Breaching of Bunds
67
5.3.3
Rights and Rules on Flood Water Division
69
5.3.4
Rights and Rules on Sequence
69
5.3.5
Rules on Depth of Irrigation
70
5.3.6
Rules on Second and Third Turns
70
5.4
Enforcement of Water Rights and Rules
71
5.4.1
Local Organizations and Institutions
71
5.4.2
Relationship between Water Rights and Rules, and Maintenance
75
5.4.3
Codification of Rules
76
5.5
Modifying and Changing Water Rights and Rules, and their Implications
76
5.6
Concluding Remarks
82
6.
MODELING SOIL MOISTURE AND ASSESSING ITS IMPACTS ON WATER
SHARING AND CROP YIELD
85
6.1
Introduction
85
6.2
The Soil Water Accounting Model (SWAM)
86
6.2.1
Conceptual Background
86
6.2.2
Model Inputs and Outputs
88
6.2.3
Computational Procedure
88
6.3
The Soil Water Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP) 92
6.4
Results and Discussion
93
6.4.1
Impact of Final Soil Moisture Storage on Water Sharing 93
6.4.2
Effect of Final Soil Moisture Storage on Sorghum and Maize Yields
96
6.5
Concluding Remarks
"
7
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AFTER WATER
MANAGEMENT REFORMS l °]
7.1
Introduction
Ю1
7.2
Assessment of the Initial Phase of the Water Management Reforms
1
°2
Contents_
VII
7.3
Extent and
Distribution
of Irrigated Area
103
7.4
Design and Layout, and Water Supply and Distribution
106
7.5
Concluding Remarks
110
8.
SALINITY AND SODICITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON CROP YIELD AND
SOIL INFILTRATION RATE
113
8.1
Introduction
113
8.2
Salinities of the Flood Water and the Suspended Sediments
114
8.3
Average Soil Water Salinity in the Rootzones of Sorghum and Maize
118
8.4
Impact of Average Soil Water Salinity on Sorghum and Maize Yield
120
8.5
Hazard Assessment of Sodium
Toxicity
124
8.6
Analyses of Sodium Induced Infiltration Restrictions
126
8.7
An Alternative Approach for Sodicity Evaluation
130
8.8
Concluding Remarks
132
9.
NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT YIELD ANALYSES FOR THE FLOOD WATER
AND IRRIGATED FIELDS
135
9.1
Introduction
135
9.2
Depletion Status of Nutrients in African Soils: A Conceptual Note
136
9.3
The Nutrient Balances for the Different Flood Categories
139
9.3.1
Nutrient Balance Approach
139
9.3.2
Nutrient Balance Results and Discussion
145
9.4
Nutrient Balances of the Irrigated Fields
147
9.5
Concluding Remarks
149
10
EVALUATION
151
10.1
The Wadi
Laba
Indigenous Water Management System: Successes and
Limitations
151
10.2
Water Management Reforms in the Wadi
Laba:
Expectations and Realities
152
10.3
Further Research
158
10.4
Concluding Remarks: The Way Forward
158
REFERENCES
159
APPENDIX
1 :
Wetted Cross-sectional Area, Velocity and Discharge Data
167
APPENDIX
2:
Climatic and Evapotranspiration Data
175
APPENDDÍ
3 :
The Soil Water Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP) Input Data
177
APPENDIX
4:
Water Balance Simulation Results Obtained from the Soil Water
Accounting Model (SWAM)
181
VIII
_
A Tradition in Transition: Water Management Reforms and Spate Irrigation Systems in Eritrea
APPENDIX
5:
Water Balance Simulation Results Obtained from the Soil Water
Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP)
185
SYMBOLS, ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY
189
SAMENVATTING
197
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
211 |
| adam_txt |
Contents_^_
V
Contents
CONTENTS
V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IX
SUMMARY XI
1
COUNTRY BACKGROUND
1
1.1
Country Profile
1
1.2
History in Brief
3
1.3
The Agriculture Sector
3
1.4
Water Resources
6
1.5
Land and Water Development
8
2
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
11
2.1
Irrigation, Water Scarcity and Food Security: Global, Regional and
National Perspectives
11
2.2
Problem Description
14
2.3
Research Goal, Objectives and Questions
18
2.3.1
Overall Goal
18
2.3.2
Specific Objectives
18
2.3.3
Specific Questions
19
2.4
Research Methods
20
2.5
Conceptual and Theoretical Framework
21
2.6
Set-up of this Thesis
22
3
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
25
3.1
Introduction
25
3.2
Spate Irrigation Systems in Pakistan
26
3.3
Spate Irrigation Systems in the Republic of Yemen
28
3.4
Spate Irrigation Systems in Eritrea
31
3.5
Concluding Remarks
34
4
THE STUDY SITE: THE WADI
LABA
SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
35
4.1
Location, Climate and Demography
35
4.2
Layout and Command Area of the Indigenous System
38
4.3
Indigenous Irrigation Structures
40
4.4
Layout and Command Area of the Modern System
43
4.5
Modern Irrigation Structures
43
4.6
Water Resources
47
VI
_
A
Tradition
in
Transition:
Water Management
Reforms and
Snate
Irrigation Systems
in Eritrea
4.7
Soil Resource Analyses
47
4.7.1
Soil Texture
47
4.7.2
Total Available Water
51
4.8
Infiltration
53
4.9
Farming Systems
57
4.9.1
Crop Production
57
4.9.2
Livestock Production
60
4.10
Concluding Remarks
61
5.
INDIGENOUS WATER RIGHTS, RULES AND MANAGEMENT BEFORE
AND AFTER WATER MANAGEMENT REFORMS
63
5.1
Introduction
63
5.2
The Wadi
Laba
Floods
64
5.3
Water Rights and Rules in Managing Unpredictable Flood Water
66
5.3.1
Rights and Rules on Land Demarcation
67
5.3.2
Rights and Rules on Deliberate Breaching of Bunds
67
5.3.3
Rights and Rules on Flood Water Division
69
5.3.4
Rights and Rules on Sequence
69
5.3.5
Rules on Depth of Irrigation
70
5.3.6
Rules on Second and Third Turns
70
5.4
Enforcement of Water Rights and Rules
71
5.4.1
Local Organizations and Institutions
71
5.4.2
Relationship between Water Rights and Rules, and Maintenance
75
5.4.3
Codification of Rules
76
5.5
Modifying and Changing Water Rights and Rules, and their Implications
76
5.6
Concluding Remarks
82
6.
MODELING SOIL MOISTURE AND ASSESSING ITS IMPACTS ON WATER
SHARING AND CROP YIELD
85
6.1
Introduction
85
6.2
The Soil Water Accounting Model (SWAM)
86
6.2.1
Conceptual Background
86
6.2.2
Model Inputs and Outputs
88
6.2.3
Computational Procedure
88
6.3
The Soil Water Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP) 92
6.4
Results and Discussion
93
6.4.1
Impact of Final Soil Moisture Storage on Water Sharing 93
6.4.2
Effect of Final Soil Moisture Storage on Sorghum and Maize Yields
96
6.5
Concluding Remarks
"
7
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AFTER WATER
MANAGEMENT REFORMS l °]
7.1
Introduction
Ю1
7.2
Assessment of the Initial Phase of the Water Management Reforms
1
°2
Contents_
VII
7.3
Extent and
Distribution
of Irrigated Area
103
7.4
Design and Layout, and Water Supply and Distribution
106
7.5
Concluding Remarks
110
8.
SALINITY AND SODICITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON CROP YIELD AND
SOIL INFILTRATION RATE
113
8.1
Introduction
113
8.2
Salinities of the Flood Water and the Suspended Sediments
114
8.3
Average Soil Water Salinity in the Rootzones of Sorghum and Maize
118
8.4
Impact of Average Soil Water Salinity on Sorghum and Maize Yield
120
8.5
Hazard Assessment of Sodium
Toxicity
124
8.6
Analyses of Sodium Induced Infiltration Restrictions
126
8.7
An Alternative Approach for Sodicity Evaluation
130
8.8
Concluding Remarks
132
9.
NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT YIELD ANALYSES FOR THE FLOOD WATER
AND IRRIGATED FIELDS
135
9.1
Introduction
135
9.2
Depletion Status of Nutrients in African Soils: A Conceptual Note
136
9.3
The Nutrient Balances for the Different Flood Categories
139
9.3.1
Nutrient Balance Approach
139
9.3.2
Nutrient Balance Results and Discussion
145
9.4
Nutrient Balances of the Irrigated Fields
147
9.5
Concluding Remarks
149
10
EVALUATION
151
10.1
The Wadi
Laba
Indigenous Water Management System: Successes and
Limitations
151
10.2
Water Management Reforms in the Wadi
Laba:
Expectations and Realities
152
10.3
Further Research
158
10.4
Concluding Remarks: The Way Forward
158
REFERENCES
159
APPENDIX
1 :
Wetted Cross-sectional Area, Velocity and Discharge Data
167
APPENDIX
2:
Climatic and Evapotranspiration Data
175
APPENDDÍ
3 :
The Soil Water Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP) Input Data
177
APPENDIX
4:
Water Balance Simulation Results Obtained from the Soil Water
Accounting Model (SWAM)
181
VIII
_
A Tradition in Transition: Water Management Reforms and Spate Irrigation Systems in Eritrea
APPENDIX
5:
Water Balance Simulation Results Obtained from the Soil Water
Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP)
185
SYMBOLS, ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY
189
SAMENVATTING
197
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
211 |
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| id | DE-604.BV023387507 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:18:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:14:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415439473 9085046017 0415439477 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXII, 211 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
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| spelling | Haile, Abraham Mehari Verfasser aut A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea by Abraham Mehari Haile Leiden Taylor & Francis 2007 XXII, 211 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Delft, UNESCO-IHE Inst. for Water Education, Diss., 2007 Irrigation Eritrea Water-supply Eritrea Management Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd rswk-swf Eritrea (DE-588)4015278-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Eritrea (DE-588)4015278-9 g Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016570503&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Haile, Abraham Mehari A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea Irrigation Eritrea Water-supply Eritrea Management Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4064811-4 (DE-588)4015278-9 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea |
| title_auth | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea |
| title_exact_search | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea |
| title_full | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea by Abraham Mehari Haile |
| title_fullStr | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea by Abraham Mehari Haile |
| title_full_unstemmed | A tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea by Abraham Mehari Haile |
| title_short | A tradition in transition |
| title_sort | a tradition in transition water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in eritrea |
| title_sub | water management reforms and indigenous spate irrigation systems in Eritrea |
| topic | Irrigation Eritrea Water-supply Eritrea Management Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Irrigation Eritrea Water-supply Eritrea Management Wasserversorgung Eritrea Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016570503&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haileabrahammehari atraditionintransitionwatermanagementreformsandindigenousspateirrigationsystemsineritrea |