Introduction to social research: quantitative and qualitative approaches
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
SAGE
2008
|
| Edition: | 2. ed., reprinted |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Previous ed.: 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. [296]-308) and index |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 320 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780761944171 9780761944164 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Punch, Keith F. |d 19XX- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)137330952 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to social research |b quantitative and qualitative approaches |c Keith F. Punch |
| 250 | |a 2. ed., reprinted | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b SAGE |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 320 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Previous ed.: 1998. | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. [296]-308) and index | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804137742054981632 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of
Figures
xi
List of Tables
xii
List of Examples
xiii
Preface to Second Edition
xiv
Preface to First Edition
xv
1
Introduction
1
1.1
Background
2
1.2
Some Simplifying Devices
3
1.3
Research Methods Training
5
1.4
Essentials and Logic
6
1.5
Science, the Social Sciences and Social Research
8
1.6
Organization of the Book
9
1.7
Suggestions for Further Reading
11
1.8
The Use of Examples
11
1.9
Review Concepts
12
Notes
12
2
Some Central Issues
14
2.1
Description versus Explanation
14
2.2
Question-Method Connections
19
2.3
Prespecified versus Unfolding: Structure in Research Questions,
Design and Data
22
2.4
Some Important Terms
27
2.5
Review Concepts
30
Notes
30
Further Reading
31
3
Research Questions
32
3.1
General and Specific Research Questions
33
3.2
Developing Research Questions
35
3.3
The Role of Research Questions
36
3.4
Hypotheses
37
3.5
A Simplified Model of Research
39
3.6
The Role of the Literature
41
3.7
Review Concepts
42
Notes
43
Further Reading
43
vi
INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL RESEARCH
From Research Questions to Data
44
4.1
The Empirical Criterion
44
4.2
Linking Concepts and Data
45
4.3
Good and Bad Research Questions
46
4.4
Value Judgements
47
4.5
Causation
48
4.6
Conceptual Frameworks
53
4.7
From Research Questions to Data
54
4.7.1
Quantitative data
55
4.7.2
Qualitative data
56
4.8
Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Data
58
4.9
Review Concepts
59
Notes
59
Further Reading
60
Quantitative Research Design
62
5.1
What is Research Design?
62
5.2
Some Background
65
5.3
Independent, Dependent and Control Variables
67
5.4
The Experiment
68
5.5
Quasi-Experimental and Non-Experimental Design
71
5.6
Relationships between Variables: the Correlational Survey
75
5.7
Relationships between Variables: Causation and Accounting for Variance
77
5.8
Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) as a General Design Strategy
78
5.9
Controlling Variables
80
5.10
Review Concepts
82
Notes
83
Further Reading
83
Collecting Quantitative Data
85
6.1
Types of Variables
85
6.2
The Process of Measurement
87
6.3
Latent Traits
90
6.4
Measuring Techniques
91
6.5
Steps in Constructing a Measuring Instrument
92
6.6
To Construct an Instrument or to Use an Existing Instrument?
93
6.7
Locating Existing Measuring Instruments
94
6.8
Reliability and Validity
95
6.8.1
Reliability
95
6.8.2
Validity
97
6.9
Developing a Survey Questionnaire
99
6.10
Collecting the Data: Administering the Measuring Instrument
100
CONTENTS
vii
6.11
Sampling
101
6.12
Secondary
Analysis
. 103
6.13
Review Concepts
104
Notes
105
Further Reading
106
7
The Analysis of Quantitative Data
108
7.1
Summarizing Quantitative Data
109
7.1.1
Central tendency:the mean
110
7.1.2
Variation: standard deviation and variance
110
7.1.3
Frequency distributions
111
7.2
Relationships between Variables: Cross-Tabulations and
Contingency Tables
112
7.3
Comparisons between Groups: the Analysis of Variance
113
7.3.1
Analysis of variance
113
7.3.2
Interaction
115
7.3.3
Analysis of covariance
117
7.3.4
From univariate to multivariate
117
7.4
Relationships between Variables: Correlation and Regression
118
7.4.1
Simple correlation
118
7.4.2
Multiple correlation and regression
120
7.4.3
Squared multiple correlation coefficient
121
7.4.4
Regression weights
121
7.4.5
Stepwise regression
121
7.4.6
Review: MLR as a general data analysis system
122
7.4.7
Analysis of covariance using MLR
124
7.5
The Analysis of Survey Data
124
7.6
Data Reduction: Factor Analysis
125
7.7
Statistical Inference
127
7.8
Computer Software for the Analysis of Quantitative Data
130
7.9
Review Concepts
130
Notes
131
Further Reading
132
8
Design in Qualitative Research
133
8.1
Overview
134
8.1.1
Diversity in qualitative research
134
8.1.2
Feminism
136
8.1.3
Postmodernism
138
8.1.4
Common themes within the diversity
140
viii
INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL RESEARCH
8.2
Design in Qualitative Research
142
8.3
Casestudies
142
8.3.1
The general idea
144
8.3.2
Four characteristics of case studies
145
8.3.3
Case studies and generalizability
145
8.3.4
Preparing a case study
148
8.4
Ethnography
150
8.4.1
Introduction
150
8.4.2
Some main characteristics
152
8.4.3
General comments
153
8.5
Grounded Theory
154
8.5.1
What is grounded theory?
155
8.5.2
A short history of grounded theory
156
8.5.3
Theory generation versus theory verification
157
8.5.4
Data-collection/data-analysis relationships:
theoretical sampling
158
8.5.5
The use of the literature in grounded theory
159
8.5.6
The place of grounded theory research
159
8.6
Action Research
160
8.7
Review Concepts
163
Notes
164
Further Reading
165
Collecting Qualitative Data
168
9.1
The Interview
168
9.1.1
Types of interviews
169
9.1.2
Feminist perspectives on interviewing
172
9.1.3
Practical aspects of interviewing
174
9.1.4
The analytic status of interview data: the role of language
176
9.2
Observation
178
9.2.1
Structured and unstructured approaches to observation
179
9.2.2
Practical issues in observation
180
9.3
Participant Observation
182
9.4
Documentary Data
184
9.5
Data Collection Procedures
186
9.6
Sampling in Qualitative Research
187
9.7
Review Concepts
189
Notes
190
Further Reading
190
CONTENTS ¡x
10
The Analysis of Qualitative Data
193
10.1
Diversity in Qualitative Analysis
194
10.2
Analytic Induction
196
10.3
The Miles and Huberman Framework for Qualitative
Data Analysis
197
10.3.1
Coding
199
10.3.2
Memoing
201
10.4
Abstracting and Comparing
202
10.5
Grounded Theory Analysis
204
10.5.1
Overview
205
10.5.2
Open coding
205
10.5.3
Axial (or theoretical) coding
209
10.5.4
Selective coding
211
10.5.5
Key concepts of grounded theory analysis
212
10.6
Other Approaches in Qualitative Analysis
216
10.6.1
Narratives and meaning
216
10.6.2
Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis
219
10.6.3
Discourse analysis
221
10.6.4
Semiotics
225
10.6.5
Documentary and textual analysis
226
10.7
Computers in the Analysis of Qualitative Data
228
10.8
Review Concepts
229
Notes
230
Further Reading
231
11
Mixed Methods and Evaluative Criteria
234
11.1
Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
234
11.1.1
Similarities in the two approaches
234
11.1.2
Basic characteristics of the two approaches
236
11.1.3
Quantitative or qualitative?
239
11.1.4
Quantitative and qualitative
240
11.2
General Evaluative Criteria
245
11.2.1
Disciplined inquiry
245
11.2.2
The fit between the component parts of a research project
247
11.2.3
Criteria for evaluation
247
11.3
Review Concepts
256
Notes
257
Further Reading
258
χ
INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL RESEARCH
12
Research Writing
259
12.1
Background
260
12.1.1
The quantitative tradition
260
12.1.2
Qualitative research writing
260
12.1.3
The analytical mix
261
12.2
Research Documents
262
12.2.1
Proposals
262
12.2.2
Qualitative proposals
268
12.2.3
Examples of proposals
270
12.2.4
Abstracts and titles
271
12.2.5
Dissertations (and projects)
271
12.3
Writing to Report versus Writing to Learn: Writing as Analysis
274
12.4
Writing Choices
275
12.5
Ethical Issues
276
12.6
Review Concepts
278
Notes
278
Further Reading
279
Appendix
1 :
Computer Software in Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
281
Appendix
2:
Drawing and Verifying Conclusions in Qualitative Analysis
286
Glossary
289
References
296
Index
309
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of
Figures
xi
List of Tables
xii
List of Examples
xiii
Preface to Second Edition
xiv
Preface to First Edition
xv
1
Introduction
1
1.1
Background
2
1.2
Some Simplifying Devices
3
1.3
Research Methods Training
5
1.4
Essentials and Logic
6
1.5
Science, the Social Sciences and Social Research
8
1.6
Organization of the Book
9
1.7
Suggestions for Further Reading
11
1.8
The Use of Examples
11
1.9
Review Concepts
12
Notes
12
2
Some Central Issues
14
2.1
Description versus Explanation
14
2.2
Question-Method Connections
19
2.3
Prespecified versus Unfolding: Structure in Research Questions,
Design and Data
22
2.4
Some Important Terms
27
2.5
Review Concepts
30
Notes
30
Further Reading
31
3
Research Questions
32
3.1
General and Specific Research Questions
33
3.2
Developing Research Questions
35
3.3
The Role of Research Questions
36
3.4
Hypotheses
37
3.5
A Simplified Model of Research
39
3.6
The Role of the Literature
41
3.7
Review Concepts
42
Notes
43
Further Reading
43
vi
INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL RESEARCH
From Research Questions to Data
44
4.1
The Empirical Criterion
44
4.2
Linking Concepts and Data
45
4.3
Good and Bad Research Questions
46
4.4
Value Judgements
47
4.5
Causation
48
4.6
Conceptual Frameworks
53
4.7
From Research Questions to Data
54
4.7.1
Quantitative data
55
4.7.2
Qualitative data
56
4.8
Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Data
58
4.9
Review Concepts
59
Notes
59
Further Reading
60
Quantitative Research Design
62
5.1
What is Research Design?
62
5.2
Some Background
65
5.3
Independent, Dependent and Control Variables
67
5.4
The Experiment
68
5.5
Quasi-Experimental and Non-Experimental Design
71
5.6
Relationships between Variables: the Correlational Survey
75
5.7
Relationships between Variables: Causation and Accounting for Variance
77
5.8
Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) as a General Design Strategy
78
5.9
Controlling Variables
80
5.10
Review Concepts
82
Notes
83
Further Reading
83
Collecting Quantitative Data
85
6.1
Types of Variables
85
6.2
The Process of Measurement
87
6.3
Latent Traits
90
6.4
Measuring Techniques
91
6.5
Steps in Constructing a Measuring Instrument
92
6.6
To Construct an Instrument or to Use an Existing Instrument?
93
6.7
Locating Existing Measuring Instruments
94
6.8
Reliability and Validity
95
6.8.1
Reliability
95
6.8.2
Validity
97
6.9
Developing a Survey Questionnaire
99
6.10
Collecting the Data: Administering the Measuring Instrument
100
CONTENTS
vii
6.11
Sampling
101
6.12
Secondary
Analysis
. 103
6.13
Review Concepts
104
Notes
105
Further Reading
106
7
The Analysis of Quantitative Data
108
7.1
Summarizing Quantitative Data
109
7.1.1
Central tendency:the mean
110
7.1.2
Variation: standard deviation and variance
110
7.1.3
Frequency distributions
111
7.2
Relationships between Variables: Cross-Tabulations and
Contingency Tables
112
7.3
Comparisons between Groups: the Analysis of Variance
113
7.3.1
Analysis of variance
113
7.3.2
Interaction
115
7.3.3
Analysis of covariance
117
7.3.4
From univariate to multivariate
117
7.4
Relationships between Variables: Correlation and Regression
118
7.4.1
Simple correlation
118
7.4.2
Multiple correlation and regression
120
7.4.3
Squared multiple correlation coefficient
121
7.4.4
Regression weights
121
7.4.5
Stepwise regression
121
7.4.6
Review: MLR as a general data analysis system
122
7.4.7
Analysis of covariance using MLR
124
7.5
The Analysis of Survey Data
124
7.6
Data Reduction: Factor Analysis
125
7.7
Statistical Inference
127
7.8
Computer Software for the Analysis of Quantitative Data
130
7.9
Review Concepts
130
Notes
131
Further Reading
132
8
Design in Qualitative Research
133
8.1
Overview
134
8.1.1
Diversity in qualitative research
134
8.1.2
Feminism
136
8.1.3
Postmodernism
138
8.1.4
Common themes within the diversity
140
viii
INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL RESEARCH
8.2
Design in Qualitative Research
142
8.3
Casestudies
142
8.3.1
The general idea
144
8.3.2
Four characteristics of case studies
145
8.3.3
Case studies and generalizability
145
8.3.4
Preparing a case study
148
8.4
Ethnography
150
8.4.1
Introduction
150
8.4.2
Some main characteristics
152
8.4.3
General comments
153
8.5
Grounded Theory
154
8.5.1
What is grounded theory?
155
8.5.2
A short history of grounded theory
156
8.5.3
Theory generation versus theory verification
157
8.5.4
Data-collection/data-analysis relationships:
theoretical sampling
158
8.5.5
The use of the literature in grounded theory
159
8.5.6
The place of grounded theory research
159
8.6
Action Research
160
8.7
Review Concepts
163
Notes
164
Further Reading
165
Collecting Qualitative Data
168
9.1
The Interview
168
9.1.1
Types of interviews
169
9.1.2
Feminist perspectives on interviewing
172
9.1.3
Practical aspects of interviewing
174
9.1.4
The analytic status of interview data: the role of language
176
9.2
Observation
178
9.2.1
Structured and unstructured approaches to observation
179
9.2.2
Practical issues in observation
180
9.3
Participant Observation
182
9.4
Documentary Data
184
9.5
Data Collection Procedures
186
9.6
Sampling in Qualitative Research
187
9.7
Review Concepts
189
Notes
190
Further Reading
190
CONTENTS ¡x
10
The Analysis of Qualitative Data
193
10.1
Diversity in Qualitative Analysis
194
10.2
Analytic Induction
196
10.3
The Miles and Huberman Framework for Qualitative
Data Analysis
197
10.3.1
Coding
199
10.3.2
Memoing
201
10.4
Abstracting and Comparing
202
10.5
Grounded Theory Analysis
204
10.5.1
Overview
205
10.5.2
Open coding
205
10.5.3
Axial (or theoretical) coding
209
10.5.4
Selective coding
211
10.5.5
Key concepts of grounded theory analysis
212
10.6
Other Approaches in Qualitative Analysis
216
10.6.1
Narratives and meaning
216
10.6.2
Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis
219
10.6.3
Discourse analysis
221
10.6.4
Semiotics
225
10.6.5
Documentary and textual analysis
226
10.7
Computers in the Analysis of Qualitative Data
228
10.8
Review Concepts
229
Notes
230
Further Reading
231
11
Mixed Methods and Evaluative Criteria
234
11.1
Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
234
11.1.1
Similarities in the two approaches
234
11.1.2
Basic characteristics of the two approaches
236
11.1.3
Quantitative or qualitative?
239
11.1.4
Quantitative and qualitative
240
11.2
General Evaluative Criteria
245
11.2.1
Disciplined inquiry
245
11.2.2
The fit between the component parts of a research project
247
11.2.3
Criteria for evaluation
247
11.3
Review Concepts
256
Notes
257
Further Reading
258
χ
INTRODUCTION
TO SOCIAL RESEARCH
12
Research Writing
259
12.1
Background
260
12.1.1
The quantitative tradition
260
12.1.2
Qualitative research writing
260
12.1.3
The analytical mix
261
12.2
Research Documents
262
12.2.1
Proposals
262
12.2.2
Qualitative proposals
268
12.2.3
Examples of proposals
270
12.2.4
Abstracts and titles
271
12.2.5
Dissertations (and projects)
271
12.3
Writing to Report versus Writing to Learn: Writing as Analysis
274
12.4
Writing Choices
275
12.5
Ethical Issues
276
12.6
Review Concepts
278
Notes
278
Further Reading
279
Appendix
1 :
Computer Software in Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
281
Appendix
2:
Drawing and Verifying Conclusions in Qualitative Analysis
286
Glossary
289
References
296
Index
309 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Punch, Keith F. 19XX- |
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| author_sort | Punch, Keith F. 19XX- |
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| discipline | Pädagogik Soziologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Pädagogik Soziologie |
| edition | 2. ed., reprinted |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Einführung Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV023373347 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:13:25Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:17:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780761944171 9780761944164 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2004099537 |
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| physical | XVI, 320 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | SAGE |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Punch, Keith F. 19XX- Verfasser (DE-588)137330952 aut Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches Keith F. Punch 2. ed., reprinted London SAGE 2008 XVI, 320 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Previous ed.: 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. [296]-308) and index Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd rswk-swf Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd rswk-swf Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content 2\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 s DE-604 Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 s Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 s 3\p DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0657/2004099537-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0657/2004099537-t.html Table of contents only Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016556571&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Punch, Keith F. 19XX- Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4055916-6 (DE-588)4017894-8 (DE-588)4014606-6 (DE-588)4151278-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches |
| title_auth | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches |
| title_full | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches Keith F. Punch |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches Keith F. Punch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches Keith F. Punch |
| title_short | Introduction to social research |
| title_sort | introduction to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches |
| title_sub | quantitative and qualitative approaches |
| topic | Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd Forschung (DE-588)4017894-8 gnd Empirische Sozialforschung (DE-588)4014606-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Research Forschung Empirische Sozialforschung Einführung Lehrbuch |
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