Precedent and the law: reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006
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| Language: | French |
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| Physical Description: | XVII, 517 S. |
| ISBN: | 9782802724346 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Precedent and the law |b reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 |c ed. by Ewoud Hondius. With national reports by Maurice Adams ... |
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| adam_text | This volume contains the general report and the national reports on the
subject Precedent and the Law , which were submitted to the world
congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law held in
Utrecht in
2006.
Precedent is often considered a major distinction mark between the civil
law and the common law. But is this still the case? In common law juris¬
dictions the sharp edges of stare decisis seem to water down,
whereas civil law jurisdictions now do admit that precedents
-
at least
de
facto
-
constitute a source of law. Convergence, however, would be
too strong a word to characterise these tendencies. These reports throw
light on this issue.
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES PREFACE V TABLE OF CONTENTS VU CHAPTER 1. -
GENERAL REPORT, EWOUD HONDITJS 1 1. - INTRODUCTION 1 2. - STRUCTURE OP
THIS REPORT 3 3. - TERMINOLOGY 5 4. - A DIVISION INTO FOUR - OR FIVE ? -
GROUPS 6 5. - SETTING THE SCENE 8 6. - PRECEDENT IN THE COMMON LAW :
ENGLAND 9 7. - COMMON LAW IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS 11 8. - PRECEDENT IN A
CIVIL LAW JURISDICTION : THE WEST 12 9. - PRECEDENT IN CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE 14 10. - WHAT CONSTITUTES A PRECEDENT 16 11. - THE EFFECT
OF PRECEDENTS 17 12. - INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENTS 18 13. - THE FUTURE :
COMMON LAW 18 14. - CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS : TOWARDS CONVERGENCE WITH THE
COMMON LAW ? 19 15. - THE FORMER SOCIALIST NATIONS : WE SHALL OVERCOME
20 16. - CONCLUSIONS 23 A. THE COMMON LAW TRADITION CHAPTER 2. *
PRECEDENT IN ENGLISH LAW : A VIEW FROM THE CITADEL, SIMON WHITTAKER 27
1. - THE POSITION OF JUDGES IN THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM 30 (I) COMMON
LAW AND STATUTE; THE JUDGES AND PARLIAMENT 30 (II) JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS
35 (III) THE RELATIVE ROLES OF THE PARTIES AND THE COURT 3 7 2. - THE
ENGLISH DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT 40 (I) THE FORMAL DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT 40
VIII TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES (II) THE STATUS IN ENGLISH COURTS OF THE
CASE-LAW OF OTHER COMMON LAW JURISDICTIONS 44 3. - ENGLISH USE OF
PRECEDENT 46 (I) MANY CASES, MANY JUDGMENTS 46 (II) PRECEDENT AND
PRINCIPLE 53 (III) CARVING EXCEPTIONS TO LEGAL PRINCIPLE (SOMETIMES BY
REFERENCE TO PRINCIPLE) 57 (IV) JUDICIAL CREATIVITY, DEMOCRATIC
LEGITIMACY AND PARLIAMENT 63 (V) CHANGING VIEWS OF PUBLIC POLICY AND
SOCIAL JUSTICE 64 4. - ENGLISH JUDGES AND EUROPEAN JURISPRUDENCE 66
(I) ENGLISH JUDICIAL APPROACHES TO THE CASE-LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF
JUSTICE 66 (II) ENGLISH JUDICIAL APPROACHES TO THE CASE-LAW OF THE
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN BIGHTS 70 CONCLUSION 72 CHAPTER 3. - PRECEDENT -
REPORT ON AUSTRALIA, THE HON JUSTICE MICHAEL KIRBYACCMG 75 THE INFLUENCE
OF ENGLISH PRECEDENT 76 DETERMINING PRECEDENT IN AUSTRALIA 76 THE
BINDING NATURE OF DECISIONS OF THE HIGH COURT 77 REVIEWING PRECEDENT -
SUPPOSED REQUIREMENT OF LEAVE 79 PRECEDENT AND JUDICIAL ACTIVISM 80
THE APPLICATION OF PRECEDENT IN STATE SUPREME COURTS 81 DEVELOPING
TECHNOLOGIES AND THE USE OF PRECEDENT 82 THE GROWING USE OF
INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENTS 82 CONCLUSIONS : MESSY BUT IT WORKS 83 CHAPTER
4. - PRECEDENT AND LEGAL SYSTEM IN COMPARATIVE LAW. A CANADIAN
PERSPECTIVE, CATHERINE VALCKE 85 INTRODUCTION 85 I. - THEORETICAL
IMPLICATIONS 88 A. - LEGAL SYSTEM 88 B. - TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND
EPISTEMOLOGICAL RELATIVITY 90 II. - APPLICATION IN THE CANADIAN LEGAL
CONTEXT 95 A. - EXTERNAL DEFINITION 95 B. - INTERNAL DEFINITION 99
CONCLUSION 106 TABLE DES MATIERES IX PAGES CHAPTER 5. - THE DOCTRINE OF
PRECEDENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, MORTIMERN.S. SELLERS ILL I. -
THE COMMON LAW 113 II. - THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 124 III.
- STATUTES 131 IV. - CONCLUSION : PRECEDENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA 133 B. THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION : FRANCE CHAPTER 6. - LES
PRECEDENTS ET LE DROIT : RAPPORT FRANCAIS, PHILIPPE MALAURIE 139 CHAPTER
7. - PRECEDENT VERSUS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS IN BELGIUM
: BETWEEN THEORY, LAW AND FACTS, MAURICE ADAMS 149 I. - SETTING THE
STAGE 149 II. - PRECEDENT VERSUS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS
.... 150 A. - COURT DECISIONS AS PRECEDENTS 152 1. - THE EQUALITY
PRINCIPLE AS CONSISTENCY 152 2. - LEGAL CERTAINTY AND PROCEDURAL ECONOMY
154 3. - THE PRINCIPLE OF RELIANCE 155 B. - GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT
DECISIONS : THE ASSUMED RATIONALITY OF COURT DECISIONS 155 III. - DOES
BELGIAN LAW PRESENT AN OBSTACLE TO A SYSTEM OF BIN- DING PRECEDENT OR A
SYSTEM OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS ? 159 A. * ARTICLE 6 OF
THE BELGIAN CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 160 B. - ARTICLE 23 OF THE BELGIAN
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE : RES JUDICATA.... 161 C. - ARTICLES 84 AND 133
OF THE BELGIAN CONSTITUTION 162 D. - APPEALS, APPLICATIONS TO THE
SUPREME COURT, AND SUPREME COURT REVIEW IN THE LEGAL INTEREST 16 3 IV.
- TOWARDS A CULTURE OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS 164 A. -
FORCE OF PRECEDENT AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IN PRACTICE 165 B. * WHAT IS
REQUIRED? 166 C. - THE DUTY TO GIVE REASONS 168 D. - REPRESENTATIVE
COURT DECISIONS 170 E. - WHEN ARE THE COURTS ALLOWED TO DEPART FROM
JUDICIAL DECISIONS? MARGINAL ASSESSMENT AS A SOLUTION 171 V. -
CONCLUSION 174 CHAPTER 8. - PRECEDENTS IN ITALY, MICHELE TARUFFO 177 1.
- HISTORY 177 X TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES 2. - FORCE OF PRECEDENTS 178 3.
- WHAT IS A PRECEDENT 181 4. - NUMBER OF PRECEDENTS 182 5. - ABUSES OF
PRECEDENTS 185 6. - FINAL REMARKS 186 CHAPTER 9. - LE PRECEDENT ET LA
LOI, RAPPORT DE DROIT ESPAGNOL, GABRIEL GARCIA CANTERO 189 1. -
INTRODUCTION 189 2. - L INTERET ACCRU DU THEME EN ESPAGNE. UNE SELECTION
BIBLIO- GRAPHIQUE 192 3. - QUELQUES RENSEIGNEMENTS HISTORIQUES A PROPOS
DU RAPPORT ENTRE LE PRECEDENT ET LA LOI EN ESPAGNE 193 4. - UN
RAPPROCHEMENT AU PROBLEME DE LA VALEUR DE LA JURISPRU- DENCE EN DROIT
ESPAGNOL 195 5. - LA REVOLUTION FRANCAISE ET LE POUVOIR JUDICIAIRE 197
6. - LA NAISSANCE DE LA DOCTRINE JURISPRUDENTIBLLE 197 7. - LA
JURISPRUDENCE SE RAPPROCHE D UNE SOURCE SUPPLETIVE DU DROIT 198 8. - LE
RAPPORT ENTRE LA JURISPRUDENCE ET LA LOI APRES LA PROMUL- GATION DU CE
EN 1889 199 9. - LA REFORME DU TITRE PRELIMINAIRE EN 1973 199 10. - LES
CONDITIONS REQUISES POUR INVOQUER LA JURISPRUDENCE EN TANT QUE MOTIF DE
CASSATION 200 11. - LA NOUVELLE LEC. 2000 ET LA VALEUR DE LA
JURISPRUDENCE PAR RAPPORT A LA LOI 201 12. - LE PRECEDENT ET LE PRINCIPE
CONSTITUTIONNEL D EGALITE 202 13. - QUELQUES LIGNES CONCLUSIVES 204 C.
THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION : GERMANY CHAPTER 10. - LE ROLE DES PRECEDENTS :
QUELQUES REFLEXIONS GENERALES INSPIREES DE L EXEMPLE GREC, PAUL SOURLAS
211 I. - INTRODUCTION 211 II. - DISTINCTION PRELIMINAIRE 212 III. - LE
SYSTEME JURIDIQUE GREC 214 IV. - DISTANCE DE LA COMMON LAW 217 V. - LA
QUESTION PRINCIPALE 220 VI. - QUELQUES REMARQUES COMPARATIVES 225 TABLE
DES MATIERES XI PAGES CHAPTER 11. - PRECEDENT IN THE NETHERLANDS, O.K.
HAAZEN 227 1. - INTRODUCTION 227 2. - THE COMMON CORE : A MINIMALIST
TAKE ON PRECEDENT 228 3. - CONSISTENCY IS NOT STARE DECISIS 230 4. -
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS CANNOT ESTABLISH THAT STARE DECISIS IS ON THE RISE
230 5. - THE LOWER COURTS ARE NOT BOUND BY ANY PRECEDENT 234 6. - THERE
IS NO RULE OP PRECEDENT IN THE NETHERLANDS - NOR SHOULD THERE BE 237 7.
- STARE DECISIS IS THEORETICALLY IMPOSSIBLE 239 8. - EQUAL JUSTICE DOES
NOT NECESSITATE STARE DECISIS 243 9. - COMMUNITY-BASED LEGAL REASONING :
UNDERSTANDING THE HOGE RAAD S APPROACH TO PRECEDENT 246 CHAPTER 12. -
PRECEDENT AND THE LAW IN DENMARK, JOSEPH LOOKOFSKY .... 253 GENERAL
INTRODUCTION 253 THE JUDICIAL HIERARCHY, VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL
RELEVANCE, APPEALS, ETC 255 JUDGE-MADE LAW & THE DANISH CONCEPT OF
PRECEDENT 258 THE INTERPRETATION OF DANISH PRECEDENTS 263 CONCLUSION 265
CHAPTER 13. - SORT OFBINDING - FINNISH PRECEDENT AS A SOURCE OF LAW,
JAAKKO HUSA 267 1. - SETTING THE SCENE 267 2. - SOURCES OF LAW AND
PRECEDENT - TRADITIONAL APPROACH 270 2.1. - AUTHORITATIVE SOURCES 271
2.2. - SUBSTANTIVE SOURCES 273 2.3. - LAW-IN-ACTION PERSPECTIVE :
JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS IN LEADING CASES . 274 3. - CHALLENGES TO THE
TRADITIONAL APPROACH 275 3.1. - EXTERNAL FACTORS 276 3.2. - INTERNAL
FACTORS 280 4. - RESOLUTION 284 E. THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION OUTSIDE
EUROPE CHAPTER 14. - PRECEDENT IN BRAZIL, THOMAS DA ROSA DE BUSTAMANTE .
. 289 1. - INTRODUCTION 289 2. - INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
PRECEDENT 290 XII TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES 2.1. - INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
(THE STRUCTURE OF THE JUDICIARY) 291 2.2. - JURISTIC TRADITION 293 2.3.
- POSITIVE NORMS CONCERNING PRECEDENT 294 A. * NORMS CONCERNING THE
SUPREME FEDERAL COURT (SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL) AND THE HIGHER COURT OF
JUSTICIARY (SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICA) 294 B. - NORMS CONCERNING
DECISIONS OF THE HIGHER LABOUR COURT (TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR DO TRABALHO) 297
C. - NORMS CONCERNING HORIZONTAL PRECEDENTS 298 2.4. - DOMINANT
LEGAL-DOCTRINES 298 3. - WHAT COUNTS AS A PRECEDENT ? 299 4. - THE
WEIGHT OF PRECEDENT 304 4.1. - PURELY AUTHORITATIVE MODEL (PRECEDENTS
BINDING IN A STRONG SENSE) . 304 4.2. * PRECEDENTS BINDING IN A WEAK
SENSE 305 5. - DISTINGUISHING AND OVERRULING 307 6. - PROSPECTIVE
OVERRULING 308 7. - A HISTORICAL NOTE AND A BRIEF CONCLUSION 308 CHAPTER
15. - PRECEDENT IN COLOMBIA, CARLOS BERNAL PULIDO 311 I. - THE PATH OF
PRECEDENT 312 1. - COLOMBIAN LAW AS A CIVIL LAW SYSTEM 312 A) BINDING
FORCE OF STATUTES AND AUXILIARY NATURE OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS 312 B) THE
PRECEDENTS OF THE GOLD COURT 313 2. - PRECEDENT AFTER THE CONSTITUTION
OF 1991 314 A) ARTICLE 230 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1991 314 B) THE FIGHT
FOR PRECEDENT 314 1) SCEPTICISM ABOUT PRECEDENT 314 2) OPTIMISM ABOUT
PRECEDENT 315 3) CHALLENGING OPTIMISM ABOUT PRECEDENT 316 II. - TOWARDS
A THEORY OF PRECEDENT FOR COLOMBIA 317 1. - MUTATION OF ARTICLE 230 OF
THE CONSTITUTION 317 A) AN INTERPRETATION CONSTITUTIONALLY APPROPRIATED
OF THE CONCEPT OF AUXILIARY CRITERION OF ARTICLE 230 OF THE
CONSTITUTION 317 B) A SYSTEMATIC INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 230 OF THE
CONSTITUTION 318 C) CONTROLLING THE RESPECT TO PRECEDENTS 318 2. -
IDENTIFYING PRECEDENTS 319 A) HOW MANY DECISIONS MAKE A PRECEDENT? 31 9
B) WHAT PART OF A JUDICIAL DECISION IS THE PRECEDENT? 319 3. -
DISTINGUISHING CASES AND OVERRULING PRECEDENTS 320 TABLE DES MATIERES
XIII PAGES CONCLUSION 321 CHAPTER 16. * ADJUSTING AN IMPORTED» (OR
RECEIVED») LAW - AN APPROACH FROM THE PRECEDENT IN JAPANESE LAW, E.
MATSUMOTO 323 INTRODUCTION 323 I. - SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF JUDGES UNDER
JAPANESE CODE SYSTEM 324 A. * GENERAL PROVISIONS AND THEIR
INTERPRETATIONS BY COURTS 324 B. * JUDGE-MADE LAW AGAINST LEGISLATION
327 II. - BACKGROUND OF THE JUDGE-MADE LAW 329 A. - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF
THE PRECEDENT 329 1) - LEGISLATION 329 2) - VIEW OF JUDGES 330 3) -
SCHOLARLY ATTITUDES 331 B. * A RIGID ENTITY OF THE JUDGES 332 1) -
SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL CONTROL 332 2) - AN OBLIGATION FOR JUDGES TO
RESPECT THE PRECEDENT? 333 CONCLUSION 335 CHAPTER 17. - PRECEDENT AND
LAW IN KOREA, PROF . DR. SANG YONG KIM 337 I. - INTRODUCTION 337 II. -
COURT SYSTEM IN KOREA 338 III. - STATUTORY REGULATIONS ON THE PRECEDENTS
340 IV. - THEORETICAL CONTROVERSIES ON THE PRECEDENTS 341 V. -
PUBLICATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF LAW REPORTS 343 VI. - PLAN TO REFORM
LEGAL EDUCATION SYSTEM INTO THE LAW SCHOOL SYSTEM 344 VII. - NEW TREND
OF THE STATE JUDICIAL EXAMINATION FOR THE PREFE- RENCE OF THE CASE LAW
345 VIII. - CONCLUDING REMARKS 345 F. THE SOCIALIST AND FORMER SOCIALIST
JURISDICTIONS CHAPTER 18. - PRECEDENT AND THE LAW, REPORT FOR THE MACAO
SPECIAL ADMINISTRA- TIVE REGION, PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, IGNAZIO
CASTELLUCCI 349 INTRODUCTION 349 PRECEDENT AND THE LAW IN MACAO 351 WHAT
IS A PRECEDENT? 351 THE PORTUGUESE TRADITION 351 THE CHINESE TRADITION
353 XIV TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES MACAO 356 A SPECIAL CASE, OF BINDING
FORCE OF PRECEDENT IN MACAO 356 LA BOUCHE DE LA LOI 360 INTERPRETATION
OF BASIC LAW 362 CONCLUSION 365 CHAPTER 19. - PRECEDENT IN THE CZECH
REPUBLIC, ZDENE K KUHN 371 1. - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OR
PRECEDENT IN WESTERN EUROPE 371 2. - PRECEDENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA DURING
COMMUNISM (1948-1989). .. . 375 2.1. - SOCIAL LIFE AND SOCIALIST LAW 375
2.2. - THE CONCEPT OF PRECEDENT DURING SOCIALISM 377 3. - PRECEDENT IN
THE CZECH REPUBLIC AFTER 1989 : PUBLICATION OF CASE LAW AND THE INERTIA
OF LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP 382 4. - THE POSTCOMMUNIST EXCEPTIONALITY :
JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONAL STATEMENTS 387 5. - THE FORCE OF PRECEDENTS OF
THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 389 6. - THE FORCE OF DOMESTIC
PRECEDENT 391 7. - CONCLUSION 395 CHAPTER 20. - INTERPRETATION ET
JURISPRUDENCE EN HONGRIE, BELA POKOL 397 I. - INTERPRETATION DES COURS
SUPERIEURES EN HONGRIE 397 1. * INTERPRETATION GRAMMATICALE, TEXTUELLE
399 2. - INTERPRETATION JURIDIQUE DOGMATIQUE 401 3. - L INTERPRETATION
ALLEGUANT A LA PRATIQUE JUDICIAIRE EVENTUELLEMENT AU PRECEDENT 404 4. -
L INTERPRETATION SE REFERANT AUX DROITS FONDAMENTAUX, AUX DECISIONS DE
LA COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE 406 5. - L INTERPRETATION ALLEGUANT A LA
VOLONTE, A L INTENTION DU LEGISLATEUR. . . 409 6. - SOMMAIRE 41 0 IL -
LA COUCHE DE LA JURISPRUDENCE EN HONGRIE 411 1. * LE POIDS DU DROIT
JUDICIAIRE 412 2. - LA CARACTERE OBLIGATOIRE DU PRECEDENT JUDICIAIRE ET
DE LA PRATIQUE JUDICIAIRE 413 3. - LES DEGRES DE LA FORCE DU DROIT
JUDICIAIRE 415 4. - JURISPRUDENCE ET CONTRAINTE DES TEXTES LEGISLATIFS
419 LITTERATURE 421 TABLE DES MATIERES XV PAGES CHAPTER 21. - PRECEDENT
AND THE LAW, MALGORZATA Z. KROL 423 PRECEDENT AND THE LAW 423 I. -
INTRODUCTION 423 1. - THE CONCEPT OF LAW. LAW MAKING AND THE JUDICIAL
APPLICATION OF LAW 423 2. - THE CONCEPT OF PRECEDENT 424 2.1. - THE
CONSTITUENTS OF PRECEDENT 424 2.2. - THE BINDING FORCE OF PRECEDENT 425
2.3. - KINDS OF PRECEDENT 426 3. - NORMATIVE BASIS OF ADJUDICATION
(LEGAL NORM) 429 4. * SOURCES OF LAW 430 5. - LEGAL CULTURE 430 6. - THE
POINT OF THE DEBATE 43 1 II. - PRECEDENT IN THE POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM -
NORMATIVE ASPECTS . . . 431 III. - JUDICIAL APPLICATION OF LAW IN POLAND
432 IV. - PRECEDENT IN THE POLISH LEGAL DOCTRINE 433 V. - SUMMARY 435
CHAPTER 22. * ELEMENTS OF JUDGE-MADE LAW IN THE SERBIAN LEGAL SYSTEM,
PROF. DR DUSAN NIKOLI^ 437 1. - INTRODUCTION 437 2. - HISTORICAL
EXPERIENCES 438 2.1. * PRIVATE LAW IN MEDIAEVAL SERBIA 438 2.1.1. - THE
CODE OF EMPEROR DUSAN AND CREATIVE ROLE OF THE COURTS. . . 438 2.1.2. -
EPILOGUE 440 2.2. - PRIVATE LAW DURING THE UPRISING PERIOD (1804-1830)
441 2.2.1. - PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY 441 2.2.2. - EPILOGUE 441 2.3. -
PRIVATE LAW IN THE KINGDOM OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES (YUGO- SLAVIA)
442 2.3.1. - LEGAL PARTICULARISM 442 2.3.2. - WORK ON THE HARMONIZATION
AND UNIFICATION OF PRIVATE LAW. . . . 442 2.3.3. - EPILOGUE 443 2.4. -
PRIVATE LAW IN VOJVODINA BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS 443 2.4.1. -
HETEROGENOUS LEGAL HERITAGE 443 2.4.1.1. DECISIONS OF THE ROYAL CURIA
444 2.4.1.2. CONCLUSIONS OF THE STATE COMMISSION 445 2.4.1.3. LEGAL
PRACTICE IN FREE ROYAL TOWNS 445 2.4.1.4. AUSTRIAN LAW 446 2.4.2. * THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE LAW IN VOJVODINA 446 XVI TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES
2.4.3. - EPILOGUE 448 2.5. - THE CREATIVE ROLE OF THE COURTS IN THE,
POST-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD .... 449 2.5.1. - OLD LEGAL RULES AND
ADJUDICATION BASED ON EQUITY 449 2.5.2. - WORK ON THE CODIFICATION AND
UNIFICATION OF CIVIL LAW 450 2.5.3. - EPILOGUE 451 2.6. - THE ROLE OF
THE COURTS IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA 451 3. - CONTEMPORARY LAW 452 3.1. -
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS ON COURT JURISDICTION 452 3.2. - CREATIVE ROLE
OF THE COURTS 453 3.2.1. - THE NEED FOR A MORE ACTIVE ROLE OF COURTS IN
AN UNDEVELOPED LEGAL SYSTEM 453 3.2.2. * FILLING OF STATUTORY AND LEGAL
LACUNAE 453 3.2.3. - HARMONIZATION OF JURISPRUDENCE 454 3.2.4. *
PRINCIPAL POSITIONS OF THE HIGHEST COURTS 45 5 3.3. - TRENDS 456 4. -
THE ROLE OF EASTERN EUROPEAN COURTS IN THE TRANSITION PRO- CESS 457 4.1.
- TWO CONCEPTIONS OF THE EUROPEANIZATION OF THE PRIVATE LAW 457 4.2. -
EUROPEANIZATION WITHOUT AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW 459 4.3. -
NEIGHBOURING EXAMPLES : INOPERATIVE LAWS AND OLD JUDICIAL PRACTICE 459
4.4. - EESPONSIBILITY OF COURTS FOR CREATING A NEW LEGAL ENVIRONMENT 460
5. - THE ROLE OF COURTS IN A FUTURE EUROPEAN LAW 462 5.1. - CRISIS OF
PARLIAMENTARISM AND THE NEED TO RECONSIDER THE PRINCIPLE OF DIVISION OF
POWER 462 5.2. - STRENGTHENING OF SUPRANATIONAL COURTS 463 5.3. -
THROUGH A UNFIROM JUDICIAL PRATICE TO UNIFORM LAW? 464 5.4. - LUS
COMMUNE EUROPAEUM? 465 5.5. - LEVEL OF LEGAL UNIFORMITY 466 5.6. -
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES 467 G. MIXED JURISDICTIONS CHAPTER
23. - PRECEDENT UNDER ISRAELI LAW, DANIEL MORE AND ANAT CARMY WIECHMAN
471 1. - INTRODUCTION 471 2. - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISRAELI LEGAL
SYSTEM 474 3. - SEPARATION OF POWERS AND THE BINDING PRECEDENT PRINCIPLE
.. 477 4. PRECEDENT UNDER ISRAELI LAW - THE FORMATIVE YEARS 479 A. - THE
BINDING PRECEDENT DOCTRINE UNDER ISRAELI LAW 481 TABLE DES MATIERES XVII
PAGES B. - DO PRECEDENTS OF THE, SUPREME COURTS BIND THESE SPECIAL
COURTS ? . . 482 C. - DOSE THE BINDING PRECEDENT DOCTRINE APPLY WITHIN
SPECIAL COURTS?. 484 D. - THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BINDING PRECEDENT
AND PERSUASIVE PRECEDENT 484 E. - OVERRULING PRECEDENTS 486 H.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS CHAPTER 24. - PRECEDENT IN INTERNATIONAL
LAW, INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND INTER- NATIONAL TRIBUNALS, MICHAEL B.
LIKOSKY AND DAVID SUGARMAN 491 I. - INTRODUCTION 491 II. - GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS 493 III. - INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 497 A. *
POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 498 B. - ICSID DECISIONS 503 IV. -
CONCLUSION 506 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 507 LIST OF REPORTERS 513
|
| adam_txt |
This volume contains the general report and the national reports on the
subject "Precedent and the Law", which were submitted to the world
congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law held in
Utrecht in
2006.
Precedent is often considered a major distinction mark between the civil
law and the common law. But is this still the case? In common law juris¬
dictions the sharp edges of "stare decisis" seem to water down,
whereas civil law jurisdictions now do admit that precedents
-
at least
de
facto
-
constitute a source of law. Convergence, however, would be
too strong a word to characterise these tendencies. These reports throw
light on this issue.
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES PREFACE V TABLE OF CONTENTS VU CHAPTER 1. -
GENERAL REPORT, EWOUD HONDITJS 1 1. - INTRODUCTION 1 2. - STRUCTURE OP
THIS REPORT 3 3. - TERMINOLOGY 5 4. - A DIVISION INTO FOUR - OR FIVE ? -
GROUPS 6 5. - SETTING THE SCENE 8 6. - PRECEDENT IN THE COMMON LAW :
ENGLAND 9 7. - COMMON LAW IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS 11 8. - PRECEDENT IN A
CIVIL LAW JURISDICTION : THE WEST 12 9. - PRECEDENT IN CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE 14 10. - WHAT CONSTITUTES A PRECEDENT 16 11. - THE EFFECT
OF PRECEDENTS 17 12. - INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENTS 18 13. - THE FUTURE :
COMMON LAW 18 14. - CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS : TOWARDS CONVERGENCE WITH THE
COMMON LAW ? 19 15. - THE FORMER SOCIALIST NATIONS : WE SHALL OVERCOME
20 16. - CONCLUSIONS 23 A. THE COMMON LAW TRADITION CHAPTER 2. *
PRECEDENT IN ENGLISH LAW : A VIEW FROM THE CITADEL, SIMON WHITTAKER 27
1. - THE POSITION OF JUDGES IN THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM 30 (I) COMMON
LAW AND STATUTE; THE JUDGES AND PARLIAMENT 30 (II) JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS
35 (III) THE RELATIVE ROLES OF THE PARTIES AND THE COURT 3 7 2. - THE
ENGLISH DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT 40 (I) THE FORMAL DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT 40
VIII TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES (II) THE STATUS IN ENGLISH COURTS OF THE
CASE-LAW OF OTHER COMMON LAW JURISDICTIONS 44 3. - ENGLISH USE OF
PRECEDENT 46 (I) MANY CASES, MANY JUDGMENTS 46 (II) PRECEDENT AND
PRINCIPLE 53 (III) CARVING EXCEPTIONS TO LEGAL PRINCIPLE (SOMETIMES BY
REFERENCE TO PRINCIPLE) 57 (IV) JUDICIAL CREATIVITY, DEMOCRATIC
LEGITIMACY AND PARLIAMENT 63 (V) CHANGING VIEWS OF PUBLIC POLICY AND
SOCIAL JUSTICE 64 4. - ENGLISH JUDGES AND EUROPEAN 'JURISPRUDENCE' 66
(I) ENGLISH JUDICIAL APPROACHES TO THE CASE-LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF
JUSTICE 66 (II) ENGLISH JUDICIAL APPROACHES TO THE CASE-LAW OF THE
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN BIGHTS 70 CONCLUSION 72 CHAPTER 3. - PRECEDENT -
REPORT ON AUSTRALIA, THE HON JUSTICE MICHAEL KIRBYACCMG 75 THE INFLUENCE
OF ENGLISH PRECEDENT 76 DETERMINING PRECEDENT IN AUSTRALIA 76 THE
BINDING NATURE OF DECISIONS OF THE HIGH COURT 77 REVIEWING PRECEDENT -
SUPPOSED REQUIREMENT OF LEAVE 79 PRECEDENT AND "JUDICIAL ACTIVISM" 80
THE APPLICATION OF PRECEDENT IN STATE SUPREME COURTS 81 DEVELOPING
TECHNOLOGIES AND THE USE OF PRECEDENT 82 THE GROWING USE OF
INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENTS 82 CONCLUSIONS : MESSY BUT IT WORKS 83 CHAPTER
4. - "PRECEDENT" AND 'LEGAL SYSTEM" IN COMPARATIVE LAW. A CANADIAN
PERSPECTIVE, CATHERINE VALCKE 85 INTRODUCTION 85 I. - THEORETICAL
IMPLICATIONS 88 A. - "LEGAL SYSTEM" 88 B. - TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND
EPISTEMOLOGICAL RELATIVITY 90 II. - APPLICATION IN THE CANADIAN LEGAL
CONTEXT 95 A. - EXTERNAL DEFINITION 95 B. - INTERNAL DEFINITION 99
CONCLUSION 106 TABLE DES MATIERES IX PAGES CHAPTER 5. - THE DOCTRINE OF
PRECEDENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, MORTIMERN.S. SELLERS ILL I. -
THE COMMON LAW 113 II. - THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 124 III.
- STATUTES 131 IV. - CONCLUSION : PRECEDENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA 133 B. THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION : FRANCE CHAPTER 6. - LES
PRECEDENTS ET LE DROIT : RAPPORT FRANCAIS, PHILIPPE MALAURIE 139 CHAPTER
7. - PRECEDENT VERSUS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS IN BELGIUM
: BETWEEN THEORY, LAW AND FACTS, MAURICE ADAMS 149 I. - SETTING THE
STAGE 149 II. - PRECEDENT VERSUS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS
. 150 A. - COURT DECISIONS AS PRECEDENTS 152 1. - THE EQUALITY
PRINCIPLE AS CONSISTENCY 152 2. - LEGAL CERTAINTY AND PROCEDURAL ECONOMY
154 3. - THE PRINCIPLE OF RELIANCE 155 B. - GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT
DECISIONS : THE ASSUMED RATIONALITY OF COURT DECISIONS 155 III. - DOES
BELGIAN LAW PRESENT AN OBSTACLE TO A SYSTEM OF BIN- DING PRECEDENT OR A
SYSTEM OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS ? 159 A. * ARTICLE 6 OF
THE BELGIAN CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 160 B. - ARTICLE 23 OF THE BELGIAN
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE : RES JUDICATA. 161 C. - ARTICLES 84 AND 133
OF THE BELGIAN CONSTITUTION 162 D. - APPEALS, APPLICATIONS TO THE
SUPREME COURT, AND "SUPREME COURT REVIEW IN THE LEGAL INTEREST" 16 3 IV.
- TOWARDS A CULTURE OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE OF COURT DECISIONS 164 A. -
FORCE OF PRECEDENT AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IN PRACTICE 165 B. * WHAT IS
REQUIRED? 166 C. - THE DUTY TO GIVE REASONS 168 D. - REPRESENTATIVE
COURT DECISIONS 170 E. - WHEN ARE THE COURTS ALLOWED TO DEPART FROM
JUDICIAL DECISIONS? MARGINAL ASSESSMENT AS A SOLUTION 171 V. -
CONCLUSION 174 CHAPTER 8. - PRECEDENTS IN ITALY, MICHELE TARUFFO 177 1.
- HISTORY 177 X TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES 2. - FORCE OF PRECEDENTS 178 3.
- WHAT IS A PRECEDENT 181 4. - NUMBER OF PRECEDENTS 182 5. - ABUSES OF
PRECEDENTS 185 6. - FINAL REMARKS 186 CHAPTER 9. - LE PRECEDENT ET LA
LOI, RAPPORT DE DROIT ESPAGNOL, GABRIEL GARCIA CANTERO 189 1. -
INTRODUCTION 189 2. - L'INTERET ACCRU DU THEME EN ESPAGNE. UNE SELECTION
BIBLIO- GRAPHIQUE 192 3. - QUELQUES RENSEIGNEMENTS HISTORIQUES A PROPOS
DU RAPPORT ENTRE LE PRECEDENT ET LA LOI EN ESPAGNE 193 4. - UN
RAPPROCHEMENT AU PROBLEME DE LA VALEUR DE LA JURISPRU- DENCE EN DROIT
ESPAGNOL 195 5. - LA REVOLUTION FRANCAISE ET LE POUVOIR JUDICIAIRE 197
6. - LA NAISSANCE DE LA DOCTRINE JURISPRUDENTIBLLE 197 7. - LA
JURISPRUDENCE SE RAPPROCHE D'UNE SOURCE SUPPLETIVE DU DROIT 198 8. - LE
RAPPORT ENTRE LA JURISPRUDENCE ET LA LOI APRES LA PROMUL- GATION DU CE
EN 1889 199 9. - LA REFORME DU TITRE PRELIMINAIRE EN 1973 199 10. - LES
CONDITIONS REQUISES POUR INVOQUER LA JURISPRUDENCE EN TANT QUE MOTIF DE
CASSATION 200 11. - LA NOUVELLE LEC. 2000 ET LA VALEUR DE LA
JURISPRUDENCE PAR RAPPORT A LA LOI 201 12. - LE PRECEDENT ET LE PRINCIPE
CONSTITUTIONNEL D'EGALITE 202 13. - QUELQUES LIGNES CONCLUSIVES 204 C.
THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION : GERMANY CHAPTER 10. - LE ROLE DES PRECEDENTS :
QUELQUES REFLEXIONS GENERALES INSPIREES DE L'EXEMPLE GREC, PAUL SOURLAS
211 I. - INTRODUCTION 211 II. - DISTINCTION PRELIMINAIRE 212 III. - LE
SYSTEME JURIDIQUE GREC 214 IV. - DISTANCE DE LA COMMON LAW 217 V. - LA
QUESTION PRINCIPALE 220 VI. - QUELQUES REMARQUES COMPARATIVES 225 TABLE
DES MATIERES XI PAGES CHAPTER 11. - PRECEDENT IN THE NETHERLANDS, O.K.
HAAZEN 227 1. - INTRODUCTION 227 2. - THE 'COMMON CORE' : A MINIMALIST
TAKE ON PRECEDENT 228 3. - CONSISTENCY IS NOT STARE DECISIS 230 4. -
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS CANNOT ESTABLISH THAT STARE DECISIS IS ON THE RISE
230 5. - THE LOWER COURTS ARE NOT BOUND BY ANY PRECEDENT 234 6. - THERE
IS NO RULE OP PRECEDENT IN THE NETHERLANDS - NOR SHOULD THERE BE 237 7.
- STARE DECISIS IS THEORETICALLY IMPOSSIBLE 239 8. - EQUAL JUSTICE DOES
NOT NECESSITATE STARE DECISIS 243 9. - COMMUNITY-BASED LEGAL REASONING :
UNDERSTANDING THE HOGE RAAD'S APPROACH TO PRECEDENT 246 CHAPTER 12. -
PRECEDENT AND THE LAW IN DENMARK, JOSEPH LOOKOFSKY . 253 GENERAL
INTRODUCTION 253 THE JUDICIAL HIERARCHY, VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL
RELEVANCE, APPEALS, ETC 255 JUDGE-MADE LAW & THE DANISH CONCEPT OF
PRECEDENT 258 THE INTERPRETATION OF DANISH PRECEDENTS 263 CONCLUSION 265
CHAPTER 13. - "SORT OFBINDING" - FINNISH PRECEDENT AS A SOURCE OF LAW,
JAAKKO HUSA 267 1. - SETTING THE SCENE 267 2. - SOURCES OF LAW AND
PRECEDENT - TRADITIONAL APPROACH 270 2.1. - AUTHORITATIVE SOURCES 271
2.2. - SUBSTANTIVE SOURCES 273 2.3. - LAW-IN-ACTION 'PERSPECTIVE :
"JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS IN LEADING CASES" . 274 3. - CHALLENGES TO THE
TRADITIONAL APPROACH 275 3.1. - EXTERNAL FACTORS 276 3.2. - INTERNAL
FACTORS 280 4. - RESOLUTION 284 E. THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION OUTSIDE
EUROPE CHAPTER 14. - PRECEDENT IN BRAZIL, THOMAS DA ROSA DE BUSTAMANTE .
. 289 1. - INTRODUCTION 289 2. - INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
PRECEDENT 290 XII TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES 2.1. - INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
(THE STRUCTURE OF THE JUDICIARY) 291 2.2. - JURISTIC TRADITION 293 2.3.
- POSITIVE NORMS CONCERNING PRECEDENT 294 A. * NORMS CONCERNING THE
SUPREME FEDERAL COURT (SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL) AND THE HIGHER COURT OF
JUSTICIARY (SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICA) 294 B. - NORMS CONCERNING
DECISIONS OF THE HIGHER LABOUR COURT (TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR DO TRABALHO) 297
C. - NORMS CONCERNING HORIZONTAL PRECEDENTS 298 2.4. - DOMINANT
LEGAL-DOCTRINES 298 3. - WHAT COUNTS AS A PRECEDENT ? 299 4. - THE
WEIGHT OF PRECEDENT 304 4.1. - PURELY AUTHORITATIVE MODEL (PRECEDENTS
BINDING IN A STRONG SENSE) . 304 4.2. * PRECEDENTS BINDING IN A WEAK
SENSE 305 5. - DISTINGUISHING AND OVERRULING 307 6. - PROSPECTIVE
OVERRULING 308 7. - A HISTORICAL NOTE AND A BRIEF CONCLUSION 308 CHAPTER
15. - PRECEDENT IN COLOMBIA, CARLOS BERNAL PULIDO 311 I. - THE PATH OF
PRECEDENT 312 1. - COLOMBIAN LAW AS A CIVIL LAW SYSTEM 312 A) BINDING
FORCE OF STATUTES AND AUXILIARY NATURE OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS 312 B) THE
PRECEDENTS OF THE GOLD COURT 313 2. - PRECEDENT AFTER THE CONSTITUTION
OF 1991 314 A) ARTICLE 230 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1991 314 B) THE FIGHT
FOR PRECEDENT 314 1) SCEPTICISM ABOUT PRECEDENT 314 2) OPTIMISM ABOUT
PRECEDENT 315 3) CHALLENGING OPTIMISM ABOUT PRECEDENT 316 II. - TOWARDS
A THEORY OF PRECEDENT FOR COLOMBIA 317 1. - MUTATION OF ARTICLE 230 OF
THE CONSTITUTION 317 A) AN INTERPRETATION CONSTITUTIONALLY APPROPRIATED
OF THE CONCEPT OF "AUXILIARY CRITERION" OF ARTICLE 230 OF THE
CONSTITUTION 317 B) A SYSTEMATIC INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 230 OF THE
CONSTITUTION 318 C) CONTROLLING THE RESPECT TO PRECEDENTS 318 2. -
IDENTIFYING PRECEDENTS 319 A) HOW MANY DECISIONS MAKE A PRECEDENT? 31 9
B) WHAT PART OF A JUDICIAL DECISION IS THE PRECEDENT? 319 3. -
DISTINGUISHING CASES AND OVERRULING PRECEDENTS 320 TABLE DES MATIERES
XIII PAGES CONCLUSION 321 CHAPTER 16. * ADJUSTING AN IMPORTED» (OR
RECEIVED») LAW - AN APPROACH FROM THE "PRECEDENT" IN JAPANESE LAW, E.
MATSUMOTO 323 INTRODUCTION 323 I. - SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF JUDGES UNDER
JAPANESE CODE SYSTEM 324 A. * GENERAL PROVISIONS AND THEIR
INTERPRETATIONS BY COURTS 324 B. * JUDGE-MADE LAW AGAINST LEGISLATION
327 II. - BACKGROUND OF THE JUDGE-MADE LAW 329 A. - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF
THE PRECEDENT 329 1) - LEGISLATION 329 2) - VIEW OF JUDGES 330 3) -
SCHOLARLY ATTITUDES 331 B. * A RIGID ENTITY OF THE JUDGES 332 1) -
SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL CONTROL 332 2) - AN "OBLIGATION" FOR JUDGES TO
RESPECT THE PRECEDENT? 333 CONCLUSION 335 CHAPTER 17. - PRECEDENT AND
LAW IN KOREA, PROF . DR. SANG YONG KIM 337 I. - INTRODUCTION 337 II. -
COURT SYSTEM IN KOREA 338 III. - STATUTORY REGULATIONS ON THE PRECEDENTS
340 IV. - THEORETICAL CONTROVERSIES ON THE PRECEDENTS 341 V. -
PUBLICATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF LAW REPORTS 343 VI. - PLAN TO REFORM
LEGAL EDUCATION SYSTEM INTO THE LAW SCHOOL SYSTEM 344 VII. - NEW TREND
OF THE STATE JUDICIAL EXAMINATION FOR THE PREFE- RENCE OF THE CASE LAW
345 VIII. - CONCLUDING REMARKS 345 F. THE SOCIALIST AND FORMER SOCIALIST
JURISDICTIONS CHAPTER 18. - PRECEDENT AND THE LAW, REPORT FOR THE MACAO
SPECIAL ADMINISTRA- TIVE REGION, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, IGNAZIO
CASTELLUCCI 349 INTRODUCTION 349 PRECEDENT AND THE LAW IN MACAO 351 WHAT
IS A PRECEDENT? 351 THE PORTUGUESE TRADITION 351 THE CHINESE TRADITION
353 XIV TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES MACAO 356 A SPECIAL CASE, OF BINDING
FORCE OF PRECEDENT IN MACAO 356 LA BOUCHE DE LA LOI 360 INTERPRETATION
OF BASIC LAW 362 CONCLUSION 365 CHAPTER 19. - PRECEDENT IN THE CZECH
REPUBLIC, ZDENE K KUHN 371 1. - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OR
PRECEDENT IN WESTERN EUROPE 371 2. - PRECEDENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA DURING
COMMUNISM (1948-1989). . . 375 2.1. - SOCIAL LIFE AND SOCIALIST LAW 375
2.2. - THE CONCEPT OF PRECEDENT DURING SOCIALISM 377 3. - PRECEDENT IN
THE CZECH REPUBLIC AFTER 1989 : PUBLICATION OF CASE LAW AND THE INERTIA
OF LEGAL SCHOLARSHIP 382 4. - THE POSTCOMMUNIST EXCEPTIONALITY :
JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONAL STATEMENTS 387 5. - THE FORCE OF PRECEDENTS OF
THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 389 6. - THE FORCE OF DOMESTIC
PRECEDENT 391 7. - CONCLUSION 395 CHAPTER 20. - INTERPRETATION ET
JURISPRUDENCE EN HONGRIE, BELA POKOL 397 I. - INTERPRETATION DES COURS
SUPERIEURES EN HONGRIE 397 1. * INTERPRETATION GRAMMATICALE, TEXTUELLE
399 2. - INTERPRETATION JURIDIQUE DOGMATIQUE 401 3. - L'INTERPRETATION
ALLEGUANT A LA PRATIQUE JUDICIAIRE EVENTUELLEMENT AU PRECEDENT 404 4. -
L'INTERPRETATION SE REFERANT AUX DROITS FONDAMENTAUX, AUX DECISIONS DE
LA COUR CONSTITUTIONNELLE 406 5. - L'INTERPRETATION ALLEGUANT A LA
VOLONTE, A L'INTENTION DU LEGISLATEUR. . . 409 6. - SOMMAIRE 41 0 IL -
LA COUCHE DE LA JURISPRUDENCE EN HONGRIE 411 1. * LE POIDS DU DROIT
JUDICIAIRE 412 2. - LA CARACTERE OBLIGATOIRE DU PRECEDENT JUDICIAIRE ET
DE LA PRATIQUE JUDICIAIRE 413 3. - LES DEGRES DE LA FORCE DU DROIT
JUDICIAIRE 415 4. - JURISPRUDENCE ET CONTRAINTE DES TEXTES LEGISLATIFS
419 LITTERATURE 421 TABLE DES MATIERES XV PAGES CHAPTER 21. - PRECEDENT
AND THE LAW, MALGORZATA Z. KROL 423 PRECEDENT AND THE LAW 423 I. -
INTRODUCTION 423 1. - THE CONCEPT OF LAW. LAW MAKING AND THE JUDICIAL
APPLICATION OF LAW 423 2. - THE CONCEPT OF PRECEDENT 424 2.1. - THE
CONSTITUENTS OF PRECEDENT 424 2.2. - THE BINDING FORCE OF PRECEDENT 425
2.3. - KINDS OF PRECEDENT 426 3. - NORMATIVE BASIS OF ADJUDICATION
(LEGAL NORM) 429 4. * SOURCES OF LAW 430 5. - LEGAL CULTURE 430 6. - THE
POINT OF THE DEBATE 43 1 II. - PRECEDENT IN THE POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM -
NORMATIVE ASPECTS . . . 431 III. - JUDICIAL APPLICATION OF LAW IN POLAND
432 IV. - PRECEDENT IN THE POLISH LEGAL DOCTRINE 433 V. - SUMMARY 435
CHAPTER 22. * ELEMENTS OF JUDGE-MADE LAW IN THE SERBIAN LEGAL SYSTEM,
PROF. DR DUSAN NIKOLI^ 437 1. - INTRODUCTION 437 2. - HISTORICAL
EXPERIENCES 438 2.1. * PRIVATE LAW IN MEDIAEVAL SERBIA 438 2.1.1. - THE
CODE OF EMPEROR DUSAN AND CREATIVE ROLE OF THE COURTS. . . 438 2.1.2. -
EPILOGUE 440 2.2. - PRIVATE LAW DURING THE UPRISING PERIOD (1804-1830)
441 2.2.1. - PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY 441 2.2.2. - EPILOGUE 441 2.3. -
PRIVATE LAW IN THE KINGDOM OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES (YUGO- SLAVIA)
442 2.3.1. - LEGAL PARTICULARISM 442 2.3.2. - WORK ON THE HARMONIZATION
AND UNIFICATION OF PRIVATE LAW. . . . 442 2.3.3. - EPILOGUE 443 2.4. -
PRIVATE LAW IN VOJVODINA BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS 443 2.4.1. -
HETEROGENOUS LEGAL HERITAGE 443 2.4.1.1. DECISIONS OF THE ROYAL CURIA
444 2.4.1.2. CONCLUSIONS OF THE STATE COMMISSION 445 2.4.1.3. LEGAL
PRACTICE IN FREE ROYAL TOWNS 445 2.4.1.4. AUSTRIAN LAW 446 2.4.2. * THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE LAW IN VOJVODINA 446 XVI TABLE DES MATIERES PAGES
2.4.3. - EPILOGUE 448 2.5. - THE CREATIVE ROLE OF THE COURTS IN THE,
POST-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD . 449 2.5.1. - OLD LEGAL RULES AND
ADJUDICATION BASED ON EQUITY 449 2.5.2. - WORK ON THE CODIFICATION AND
UNIFICATION OF CIVIL LAW 450 2.5.3. - EPILOGUE 451 2.6. - THE ROLE OF
THE COURTS IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA 451 3. - CONTEMPORARY LAW 452 3.1. -
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS ON COURT JURISDICTION 452 3.2. - CREATIVE ROLE
OF THE COURTS 453 3.2.1. - THE NEED FOR A MORE ACTIVE ROLE OF COURTS IN
AN UNDEVELOPED LEGAL SYSTEM 453 3.2.2. * FILLING OF STATUTORY AND LEGAL
LACUNAE 453 3.2.3. - HARMONIZATION OF JURISPRUDENCE 454 3.2.4. *
PRINCIPAL POSITIONS OF THE HIGHEST COURTS 45 5 3.3. - TRENDS 456 4. -
THE ROLE OF EASTERN EUROPEAN COURTS IN THE TRANSITION PRO- CESS 457 4.1.
- TWO CONCEPTIONS OF THE EUROPEANIZATION OF THE PRIVATE LAW 457 4.2. -
EUROPEANIZATION WITHOUT AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW 459 4.3. -
NEIGHBOURING EXAMPLES : INOPERATIVE LAWS AND OLD JUDICIAL PRACTICE 459
4.4. - EESPONSIBILITY OF COURTS FOR CREATING A NEW LEGAL ENVIRONMENT 460
5. - THE ROLE OF COURTS IN A FUTURE EUROPEAN LAW 462 5.1. - CRISIS OF
PARLIAMENTARISM AND THE NEED TO RECONSIDER THE PRINCIPLE OF DIVISION OF
POWER 462 5.2. - STRENGTHENING OF SUPRANATIONAL COURTS 463 5.3. -
THROUGH A UNFIROM JUDICIAL PRATICE TO UNIFORM LAW? 464 5.4. - LUS
COMMUNE EUROPAEUM? 465 5.5. - LEVEL OF LEGAL UNIFORMITY 466 5.6. -
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES 467 G. MIXED JURISDICTIONS CHAPTER
23. - PRECEDENT UNDER ISRAELI LAW, DANIEL MORE AND ANAT CARMY WIECHMAN
471 1. - INTRODUCTION 471 2. - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISRAELI LEGAL
SYSTEM 474 3. - SEPARATION OF POWERS AND THE BINDING PRECEDENT PRINCIPLE
. 477 4. PRECEDENT UNDER ISRAELI LAW - THE FORMATIVE YEARS 479 A. - THE
BINDING PRECEDENT DOCTRINE UNDER ISRAELI LAW 481 TABLE DES MATIERES XVII
PAGES B. - DO PRECEDENTS OF THE, SUPREME COURTS BIND THESE SPECIAL
COURTS ? . . 482 C. - DOSE THE BINDING PRECEDENT DOCTRINE APPLY WITHIN
SPECIAL COURTS?. 484 D. - THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN "BINDING PRECEDENT"
AND "PERSUASIVE PRECEDENT" 484 E. - OVERRULING PRECEDENTS 486 H.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS CHAPTER 24. - PRECEDENT IN INTERNATIONAL
LAW, INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND INTER- NATIONAL TRIBUNALS, MICHAEL B.
LIKOSKY AND DAVID SUGARMAN 491 I. - INTRODUCTION 491 II. - GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS 493 III. - INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 497 A. *
POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 498 B. - ICSID DECISIONS 503 IV. -
CONCLUSION 506 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 507 LIST OF REPORTERS 513 |
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| spelling | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 ed. by Ewoud Hondius. With national reports by Maurice Adams ... Bruxelles Bruylant 2007 XVII, 517 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Droit comparé - Congrès ram (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Hondius, Ewoud H. 1942- Sonstige (DE-588)122594894 oth Adams, Maurice 1964- Sonstige (DE-588)102455211X oth Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016549957&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016549957&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 Droit comparé - Congrès ram |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 |
| title_auth | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 |
| title_exact_search | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 |
| title_full | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 ed. by Ewoud Hondius. With national reports by Maurice Adams ... |
| title_fullStr | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 ed. by Ewoud Hondius. With national reports by Maurice Adams ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precedent and the law reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 ed. by Ewoud Hondius. With national reports by Maurice Adams ... |
| title_short | Precedent and the law |
| title_sort | precedent and the law reports to the xviith congress international academy of comparative law utrecht 16 22 july 2006 |
| title_sub | reports to the XVIIth Congress International Academy of Comparative Law, Utrecht, 16-22 July 2006 |
| topic | Droit comparé - Congrès ram |
| topic_facet | Droit comparé - Congrès Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016549957&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016549957&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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